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THE ANNALS

AND

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,

INCLUDING

ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, ann GEOLOGY.

(BEING A CONTINUATION OF THE ‘ANNALS’ COMBINED WITH LOUDON AND
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1912.

“Omnes res creatz sunt divine sapientiz et potentix testes, diviti felicitatis
humane :—ex harum usu oniias Creatoris; ex pulchritudine sapientia Domini;
ex ceconomid in conseryatione, proportione, renovatione, potentia majestatis
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“Quel que soit le principe de la vie animale, il ne faut qu’ouvrir les yeux pour
voir qu'elle est le chef-d’ceuvre de Ja Toute-puissance, et le but auquel se rappor-
tent toutes ses opérations.’—Brucknner, Théorie du Systéme Animal, Leyden,
1767.

ele wis se a eile sei. S OSy yar OWers
Obey our summons; from their deepest dells
The Dryads come, and throw their garlands wild
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And purple heath-flower come not empty-handed,
But scatter round ten thousand forms minute
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Or rifted oak or cavern deep: the Naiads too
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They crop the lily, and each sedge and rush
That drinks the rippling tide: the frozen poles,
Where peril waits the bold adventurer’s tread,
The burning sands of Borneo and Cayenne,
All, all to us unlock their secret stores
And pay their cheerful tribute.
J. Tayztor, Norwich, 1818,

CONTENTS OF VOL, IX.

(EIGHTH SERIES. ]

NUMBER 49.

Page

I. New Genera and Species of Tabanide in the British Museum
(Natural History). By Ernest E. AUSTEN ...........002 eee

Il. New Species of Heterocera from Costa Rica—XII. By

EE RE A ee ee ree 34

III. Observations on Coleoptera of the Family Buprestide, with

Descriptions of new Species. By Cuas. O. Warernouse, L5S.0.,
I a atc ian ipls <leac ©) ian’ piss sieyue) vies oeisee 8 0 ve 57

“> IV. Some new Mammals from British East Africa. By Dr. Eran
. 68

LS: A BARS Det haart e, cnteyas sina ;

V. Description of a new Species of the Genus Perionyr. By
Dr. Luret CogNetri or Marrus, R. Museo Zoologico, Torino..., 67

VI. Additions to the Land-Molluscan Fauna of Rhodesia. By

BME EUIPOU osc ee 6 ce ee va cece cree ns cena ase rccees 69
VII. Some new Species of the Lamellicorn Genus Azomala from
Sikkim, North India. By Guperr J. ARROW.............0+55. 72
“VIII. Onsmall Mammals from the Lower Amazon. By OLDFIELD
84

2s oe te BERBERS Seine idiemeineinnon aCe innron
— IX. Notes on Phascogale and Chetocercus. By OLDFIELD THomas. 91

Ss X. Revised Determinations of Two Far-Eastern Species of Wyo-

spalax. By OLDFIELD THOMAS ..........--.-eseeeee ee ereeees 93

—~ XI. A new Nyctimene from New Guinea. By Kyup ANDERSEN, 95
XII. Notes, with Descriptions of new Species, on Aculeate
Hymenoptera of the Australian Region. By R. C. L. Perkins,

96

PSC. Beers ee ecclds Gevlrmcer oes tes cess che aee eee ates

1v CONTENTS.

Page
XIII. A Review of South-African Land-Mollusea belonging to
the Family Zonitide. By Lt.-Colonel H. H. Gopwin-Avsten,
F.RBS, &c. (Plates T-VIL.) ...ccceeccecee cere encereesenaees 122

XIV. Descriptions and Records of Bees—XLI. By T. D. A.

CockerELL, University of Colorado ...... 00s ceee ener ene eees 159
XV. Descriptions of new Species of Pyralide of the Subfamily
Pyraustine. By Sir Guoree F, Hampson, Bart., F.ZS., &e. .... 149

Note on the Date of Publication of the Works of Jacob Huebner on
the Lepidoptera, by C. Davies Sherborn and Louis B. Prout .. 175

NUMBER 50.

XVI. Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Oriental
Homoptera. By W.L. Distant ......... naan bene a Saas ete 181

XVII. Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera—VI. By Row ianp

MORIN ER. HEUZ IS. HUBS, wae cere cieis wlehstege osteo lols 2) s)mtete eet ton: orn cis 194
XVIII. New Species of Heterocera from Costa Rica, — XIII.

ASV 2 Wie WSCCAUB, Se eZ ale tial “ich erainye oepsis me tasssb cinta igte rate Sheoys isa 202
XIX. Preliminary Descriptions of Three new Species of Thy-

sanoptera. By Ricwarp S. Baenaxt, F.LS., FES. .......... 214
XX. The Osteology of the Teleostean Fishes of the Order

Opisthomi. By OC. Tare REGAN, M.A, .........-¢0c eens enneees 217

XXI. A new Gerbil from British East Africa. By Guy Doriman. 219

XXIL. Descriptions and Records of Bees—XLII. By T. D. A.
CoomEeRr yt, (Uniyersityiof Colorado: 224 1.10. nwah tees ba eee ee
XXIII. Descriptions of new Arachnids of the Orders Solifugee
and Pedipalpi. By 8. Hrrsr 229

© © 01016 10 0(@ bi ae ee, ce tee ee Oe (ever Bede ce re lam, cteried

XXIV. Descriptions of new Species of Cerithium, Clanculus, and

Solzielina.# By G. B. SOWRRBY, ELGG. ivisaisieses ca eas eines. os s 237
“™ XXV. A new Genus of Opossums and a new Tuco-tuco, By
OLDEIREDADSMOMAN is yak boc ath ppb se A nen wees Ree ter

XXVI. Descriptions of new Species of Pyralide of the Subfamily
Pyraustine. By Sir GrorcE F. Hampson, Bart., F.Z.8., &e. «2... 242

mm XXVIII. Mammals of the Panyam Plateau, Northern Nigeria.—II.
By OLDE ILD SOMA 4 1's sh x 9195 Fa sare salto ain yale ves vo eee 269

Proceedings of the Geological Society. <i. 6 ewnc 0s oaks en 974

CONTENTS. Vi

NUMBER 5).

Page
XXVIII. The Classification of the Teleostean Fishes of the Order —
Pediculati. By ©. TATE REGAN, M.A. .... ec eee e en ee eee eeeees 277 &
XXIX. New Species of Heterocera from Costa Rica.—XIV.
SEU ENS soos cays cies pc daialees swew a eeadaaeencicnses 289
XXX. Seven new African Dormice. By Guy DoLLMAN ...... 312

XXXI. Descriptions of new Species of Pyralide of the Subfamily
Pyraustine. By Sir Groner F. Hampson, Bart., F.Z.8., &e. .... 321

XXXII. On the Geographical Distribution of the Genus Perionyxr. _
By Dr. Luter Coenerri pe Martius, R. Museo Zoologico, Torino . 356

XXXII. Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera.—VII. By RowLanp
BK, Turner, F.Z.S., F.ES.

“SX XXIV. Two new Asiatic Voles, By Oxprretp Tuomas .... 348

XXXV. On Diapheromera femorata (Walking-stick Insect). By
BMP OUNCE OMEENG Goede lde dees idee essai eone sewn ets 550

XXXVI. New African Phlebotomic Diptera in the British
Museum (Natural History).—Part VUI. Yabanide (continued).
nen MPN EU SEIONG soot e Nai dcx s aie, oy) oe Wisiersi'g. so), le 8 ofa © arses 3s 6 303

XXXVII. On the Boring Mollusca of St. Andrews. By B.
Linpsay, Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. (Plate VIII.).. 369

New Books :—A Guide to the Fossil Invertebrate Animals in the
Department of Geology and Paleontology of the British Museum
(Natural History)—The Importation into the United States of
the Parasites of the Gypsy Moth and the Brown-tail Moth. By

Se enonwap and WE. BISKE. 00.6.0 sence ene es 374, 375
Procecdmmpsjof the Geolopical Society .........:....0scceerencee v6

NUMBER 582,

XXXVIII. Descriptions and Records of Bees—XLII. By T.
DPA. Cockmnuiy, University of Colorado. 2.5.00 .0 ccc cee ee nes 377
XXXIX. The Anatomy and Classification of the Symbranchoid
Fels, By C. Tarn Rucan, M.A. (Plate IX.) ................ 387
XL. On Mammals from Central Asia, collected by Mr. Douglas
Carmcners, By OLDEIELD, THOMAS ) 0... ili cveee sce e eae eeanes 391
> XLI. Three Small Mammals from 8, America. By OLpFIELD
PNOMIAS «oa 0 e dita

me,

vi CONTENTS.

Page
XLII. Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera.—VIII. By Row.Lanp
RM EENAG RY, Hy 2.ag TM okies ay a's aro pn eee, cies Bisa wine Ret pea 410
XLII. New Species of Heterocera from Costa Rica.—XYV.
Bye OHAUS, ECS. nop gine pice or sev Tie alee nigra wen 423

XLIV. Descriptions of new Species of Pyralide of the Subfamily
Pyraustine. By Sir Grorexr F, Hampson, Bart., F.Z.8., &e. .... 458

XLV. Descriptions of a new Helicoid Land-Shell from Cape
Colony and a new Succinea from the Zambezi River. By H. P.
PRISTON: (. sos quis acee db qeshiviahie sh wep So acl ooh yee «uae . 445

XLVI. An Enumeration of the Hymenoptera (Families Vespide,
Apide, and Tenthredinide) collected in Dutch New Guinea by the
Expedition of the British Ornithologists’ Union. By Grorrrey
Mranm-Wanno, MEA. tio. wi \saded sesh ie 2a eee cere 446

XLVII. On a new Species of Melolonthid Beetle (Phytalus
smithi) destructive to Sugar-cane. By GirpEerT J. ARRow ...... 455

XLVIII. New Genera and Species of Oriental Homoptera. B
Wieids. DISTANT. \ic.55 000 «eee Cie. sep oe Rein eel eee ee .. 459

XLIX. Descriptions of New Species of Voluta, Latiaxis, and
Callivstoma trom Japan. By G. B. Sowerby, F.L.S...... a is 47]

L. A Revision of the Asilide of Australasia. By GrrrrupE
PUECAR DO cys, Five ied «wie ve vie. 1is tow wees Bea's visi Nea ie Secs Pine 473

NUMBER 53.

LI. A Structure in Adeonella (Laminopora) contorta (Michelin)
and some other Bryozoa, together with Remarks on the Adeonide.
By Arruur Wm. Waters, F.L.S. (Plates X. & XL) .......... 489

LII. Descriptions of some apparently new Butterflies from Borneo
and ene from Africa. By Hamitton H. Druce, F.L.S. &e....... 500

LILI. Descriptions of new Cichlid Fishes from South America in
the British Museum. By C. Tate Reean, M.A................ 505

&

LIV. Note on the Cyclogasteride. By Cusnies Victor Burke. 507

LV. On Insectivores and Rodents collected by Mx. F. Kingdon
Ward in N.W. Yunnan. By Ovprimitp THOMAS..............., 513

LVI. Description of anew Fish from British East Africa. By
Gisae BOULENGRR, HES) Amides spruce Rt eners Ee A ee eee 519

LVII. A Key to the Australasian Species of Ochlerotatus (Cult-
cid@).. . By F..W. Enwanns, B.A.) FLES.. .. 0... cee eee cece cna 621

LVIII. Descriptions of new Species of Pyrochroide. By K. G.
(i oe nr: en sere ee eee eee 27

CONTENTS. vil

Page

LIX. A Synopsis of the Myxinoids of the Genus Heptatretus or |
Bdellostoma. By C. TaTE REGAN, M.A. «1.0. - ere eee eect eees 534
LX. New Species of Heterocera from Costa Rica.—XV. By ete
SES OS SR eee ca ~ 587

LXI. Descriptions of Seven new Species of Heterocera belonging et:
to the Subfamily Ophiusine. By Herperr Druce, FILS. &e. .. 552

LXII. Descriptions and Records of Bees—XLIV. By T. D.A.
CocKERELL, University of Colorado ......eeeee reser erste eeees 554.

LXIII. A Review of South-African Land-Mollusca helonging to
the Family Zonitide—Part Il. By Lt.-Colonel H. H. Gopwin-

AUSTEN, F.R.S. (Plates XIL-XVIL.) .....-.0 seers eeereeerens 569
LXIV. A Revision of the Asilide of Australasia. By GertruDE
_ a Soe un 585

LXV. A Synoptical Revision of the Coleopterous Genus Hevodon _
(Dynastine). By Gitpert J. ARROW ....... CL Ce ee PO 594

NUMBER 54.

LXVI. On the Development of the Teeth of the Soricide: an

Ontogenetical Inquiry. By Dr. Avausta ARNBACK-CHRISTIE-
LinvkE (Zootomical Institute, University of Stockholm). (Plates
UNITE eee Pernt 0 oie oa ie We vhs lg ei tiehese sie) s) mies sine ecofe eine ® 601

LXVII. Descriptions of new Species of Pyralide of the Sub-
family Pyraustine. By Sir GroreE F. Hampson, Bart., F.Z.8.,
RIE M Sectc cc ssc cee ten ee sv tect cect ee clp eens 625

LXVIII. Description of a new Species of Blepharoceride from
South Africa. By F. W. Evwarps, B.A., F.E.S. (Plate XX.) .. 633

LXIX. Descriptions of Two new Mimacreas from Tropical
Gees. by HaAmiron H. Druck, FuL.S. Ke. 5... ceca ie ewes 635

LXX. Characters of Six new Pelecypods and Two new Gastro-
pods from the Falkland Islands. By H. B. Preston, F.ZS.

Nook, che vnc) 5, 28052) bese ori Hisls(e 4 6 01s wwe «aap vee 636
LXXI. New Genera and Species of Rhynchota (Homoptera).
MTs aka sic ooo eet cope) iS so dais gap so pee gee 640

LXXII. Two new Species of Palarus from 8. Africa. By Dr. H.
(Do on ak or lodxtle HERO RAR G ROG iinne ieee enone ae 652

LXXIII. New Species of Heterocera from Costa Rica.—X VI.
MEE STEEN cis Bias C8ict; din sh alots ood) d stew iolajejere dm eelele sd Svs 656

LXXIV. On a new Genus of Cyprinoid Fishes from High Asia.
By Dr. Ertcu ZoueMayer, Miinchen

LXXYV. Description of a new Characid Fish from the Amazon.
By C. TaTE Reean, M.A.

Vill CONTENTS.

Page
“ LXXVL. List of a Third Collection of Mammals from Panyam,
N. Nigeria, presented by the Rey. G. T. Fox. By Onprieip

LEE MES et ey TS One he Eee Oe rE Geet hep; |, opis 683
“~ _ LXXVII. New Species of Crocidura and Petaurista from
arma, by DULDKIRED . OMAR, 4. 7135 sas acie Cub cles har oe 686

New Books :—Oxford Gardens. By R. T. Gintuer, M.A., Fellow
of Magdalen College.—Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalene
in the British Museum. Vol. XI. Catalogue of the Noctuidae.
By Sir Grorcr F. Hampson, Bart.—Memoirs of the National

Muscan, Melbourne. Wet. Ics eene as oe cea 688—690
Proceedings of the Geological Society............-.sceeeccssees 690
LES a See “oe Jase ee oo oe se ae 691

PLATES IN VOL. IX.
PuiateE I. 7}
IL.
Ii,
IV. ‘South-African Land-Mollusca.
V. |
vi.

vu.J
VIII. Boring Mollusca of St. Andrews.

IX. Anatomy of Symbranchoid eels.

Et A structure in Adeonella (Laminopora) contorta, &c.

RIL)
XII.
cl “South-African Land-Mollusca.

KW,

XVI. | S
XVII.

XVIII.
XIX.
XX. Kelloggina barnardi, F. W. Edw.
XXI. Pelecypods and Gastropods from the Falkland Islands,

Development of the teeth of the Soricide.

THE ANNALS

AND

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.
[EIGHTH SERIES. |

Selinndackeea ena acs 2 per litora spargite muscum,
Naiades, et circiim vitreos considite fontes:
Pollice virgineo teneros hic carpite flores:
Floribus et pictum, dive, replete canistrum.
At vos, o Nymphe Craterides, ite sub undas ;
Ite, recurvato variata corallia trunco
Vellite muscosis e rupibus, et mihi conchas
Ferte, Dev pelagi, et pingui conchylia succo.”
N. Parthenii Gi unnettasi, Eel. 1.

No. 49. JANUARY 1912.

I.—New Genera and Species of Tabanide in the British
Museum (Natural History). By Ernest E. Austen.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tue following paper contains descriptions of two new genera
thirteen new species, and one new variety. In addition, a
very remarkable species is redescribed, and another species
is renamed. The subjoined list may be useful as affording
an indication of the habitats of the various species.

ETHIOPIAN REGION.

Adersia (gen. n.) estroides, Karsch Zanzibar ; German East Africa.

(redescription).
Agophagamyia pungens, gen.etsp.n. Zanzibar.
Tabanus kingi, Austen, var. nigri- Abyssinia; East Africa Protec-

Feminibus, var. n. torate.
» selous?, sp. n. Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (Bahr-el-
Ghazal).

zanthomelas, nom. nov. for Gold Coast; Portuguese Congo;
T. leucaspis, v. d. Wulp Congo Free State ; Anglo-Egyp-

?

(nec Wied.). tian Sudan (Mongalla Province) ;
Uganda and Nyasaland Protec-
torates,

» producticornis, sp. n. Portuguese East Africa.
minuscularius, sp. 0. <5 3 iy

ae. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol, ix. 1

he

Mr. E. E. Austen on new

MatbaGasy REGIon.

Rhinomyza mordosa, sp. 0. Madagascar.
5 simplicicornis, sp. 0. 3
Ayophagamyia remota, sp. 0. Rodriguez I., Indian Ocean.
rs terticeps, sp. n. Astove I., Indian Ocean.
Bouvierella pulchella, sp. n. Madagascar.
Chrysops aprugna, sp. 0. re
is insulensis, sp. N. a

x lloydi, sp. n.

3?
AUSTRALIAN REGION.

Pangonia bancrofti, sp. n. South Queensland.

PANGONIINE.
Genus Panconta, Macq.
Subgenus ErEpHopsis, Rond.

Pangonia bancrofti, sp. u.

2? .—Length (10 specimens) 8°25: to 9°-4 mm.; width of
head 3°5 to 3°75 mm.; width of front at vertex 0°5 to 0°6
mm.; usual length of proboscis 2°6 to 3 mm.; length of
wing 86 to94 mm. ©

Small, compactly built species, with short, rounded abdomen,
and with proboscis depending vertically beneath the head—
Thorax slate-coloured*, dorsum greyish pollinose, narrowly
striped with grey, and ground-colour posteriorly (including
scutellum) with a distinct metallic sheen (purplish blue, in
centre sometimes with a greenish tinge) ; dorsum of abdomen
(second to fifth segments inclusive) shining dark metallic blue,
sometimes with a purplish tinge, especially at sides, and towards
centre oflen with a greenish tinge, which may even almost
entirely replace the blue, hind borders of first jive segments
metallic cinnamon-rufous or metallic cinnamon, oflen with a
purplish tinge; wings Jaintly tinged with isabella colour,
without spots or other markings ; femora cinnamon-coloured.

Head: iwner margins of eyes bordering front almost
parallel, diverging but slightly below; face, jowls, and
portion of front immediately above antenne cinnamon-
coloured, yellowish pollinose, occiput and upper two-thirds
of front slate-grey, light grey pollinose; front, face, and
upper portion of posterior orbits clothed with brownish or
blackish hair, jowls and basioccipital region with bright
ochraceous hair, eyes with raw-sienna-coloured hair, which

* For names and illustrations of colours, see Ridgway, ‘A Nomen-

clature of Colors for Naturalists’ (Boston: Little, Brown, & Company,
1886), ;

Genera and Species of Tabanide. 3

becomes brownish above; proximal joint of pa/pi mummy-
brown, yellowish pollinose, and clothed with brownish or
yellowish hair, terminal joint ochraceous-buff or tawny-
ochraceous, broad; first and second jomts of antenne
ochraceous-buff, clothed with black hair of moderate length,
third joint ochraceous-rufous, brownish at tip. Thorax:
dorsum clothed with black hairs, short for most part, but
longer posteriorly and on scutellum, pleure and pectus with
longer ochraceous hair, mesopleure mainly with blackish
hair; grey pollinose stripes on dorsum three in number,
extending from front to hind margin, median stripe ex-
tremely narrow, admedian stripes somewhat broader especially
in front, transverse suture and sides of dorsum also grey
pollinose. Abdomen very convex above, more or less rounded
ovate in outline when viewed from the side, clothed above
and below with short, appressed, bright ochraceous hair,
which becomes longer and denser on the lateral margins and
posterior angles of the dorsal scutes ; dorsum of first segment,
except hind border, slate-grey with a purplish tinge; dorsum
of sixth and seventh segments grey, with dull cinnamon-
coloured lateral margins and hind borders, grey area on
sixth segment sometimes with a greenish or purplish metallic
sheen; venter dark purple or purplish grey, except hind
borders of segments, which are coloured as on dorsum,
Wings : costa and fourth longitudinal vein dark brown, other
veins raw-umber-coloured or mummy-brown, base of anterior
branch of third longitudinal vein without an appendix ; first
posterior cell showing much individual variation as regards
closure, often narrowly open, the degree of closure or
opening frequently differing in the two wings of the same
specimen ; stigma raw-sienna-coloured (occasionally mummy-
brown), elongate, and as a rule not very sharply defined,
though distinct. Sgwame isabella-coloured, fringed with
ochraceous hair on outer side and on part of hind margin.
Halteres light mummy-brown, stalks isabella-coloured. Legs:
front cox greyish cinnamon-coloured, middle and hind
cox drab-grey in front, isabella-coloured posteriorly ; cox
and femora clothed with ochreous hair mixed with dark
brown or black hair, the latter especially long and con-
spicuous on the under side of the middle femora; tibiz
and tarsi raw-umber-coloured, tips of tarsal joints dark
brown.

South Queensland, Australia: type and nine other
specimens from the Upper Burnett District (Dr. 7. L. Ban-
croft).

In shape and size this pretty little species, which the

1#

4 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

author has much pleasure in naming in honour of its
discoverer, somewhat resembles the West Australian Pangonia
gibbula, Walk., from which, however, it is readily distin-
guishable owing to its proboscis being vertical instead of
projecting downwards and forwards at an obtuse angle with
the longitudinal axis of the body, and to the metallic
appearance and peculiar coloration of the abdomen.

ADERSIA, gen. nov.

Allied to the South American genus Scepsis, Walk.—
Female usually decidedly larger than ¢, often much larger,
thorax bulkier and abdomen broader. Posterior orbits broad
in 2 instead of non-existent, as in Scepsis 2. Eyes bare,
separate in both sexes, in § relatively rather small ; front
narrow in &, broad in 2 and protuberant when viewed in
profile ; ocellt present. Proboscis and palpi extremely short
and small, former depending vertically beneath head, latter
nearly horizontal; proximal joint of palpt (at least in typical
species) not swollen, as i Scepsis ; terminal joint of palpi
more elongate and less swollen in g than in 9 , cup-shaped in
both. sexes when viewed from outer side, having, at least in
typical species, a pit-like depression at distal extremity ;
antenne short, especially first and second joints, third joint
lanceolate in profile, consisting of eight annuli ; jowls narrow,
not, as in Scepsis, descending a long way below lower
margins of eyes. Inner margin of each eye in 2 uniformly
curved, not, as in the 2 of Scepsis nivalis, Valk. (the type of
the genus Scepsis), produced into an angle just above the lowest
fourth of the front. Wing with a distinet stigma, all posterior
cells open; base of anterior branch of third longitudinal vein
not (asin Scepsis) bent at aright angle, and not (as in Scepsis)
emitting a backwardly directed appendix. Front claws long in
both sexes; middle and hind claws longer and stouter in 3
thanin o.

Typical species Silvius awstrotdes, Karsch.

Although resembling Scepsis in general appearance and
coloration, as also in the smallness of the proboscis, Adersia
is sufficiently distinguished from its South American ally
by the differences mentioned above, as well as by the re-
markably broad front of the 9, which is not narrowed by a
constriction due to the inner margin of each eye being
produced into an angle a little above the antenne. From
Pronopes, Liw., as represented by Pronopes nigricans, Lw.,
from Cape Colony,—the only species of the genus yet
described and of which no specimens have so far reached

Genera ond Species of Tabanidee. 5
l

the British Museum (Natural History) ,—Adersia would
appear to be distinguishable inter alia by the eyes being
devoid of hair and the body comparatively bare, by the
second abdominal segment not being abnormaily large, and
by the wings not being of relatively unusual length. The
small, almost minute size of the proboscis will alone suffice
to distinguish Adersia from any other genus of African
Tabanide at present known. :

The author has much pleasure in naming this new genus
in honour of Dr. W. M. Aders, who, during his sojourn in
Zanzibar, has paid special attention to its blood-sucking flies,
aud has materially i increased our knowledge of the Dipterous
fauna of the island.

Adersia estroides, Karsch.
Silvius estroides, Karsch, Berl. Ent. Z., Bd. xxxi. p. 371, Taf. iv. fig. 1
(1887).

[Since this species was originally described from an
imperfect female, while both original description and figure
leave much to be desired, no apology is needed for publishing
the following redescription, which is based on both sexes, a
number of specimens of each of which, in excellent con-
dition, were fortunately obtained by Dr. Aders. The present
writer desires to express his acknowledgments to Dr. K.
Griinberg, of the Kénigliches Zoologisches Museum, Berlin,
where the type of the species is preserved. With obliging
courtesy Dr. Griinberg, at the request of the writer, carefully
compared one of Dr. Aders’s specimens with the type, and
as a result formed the opinion that the two specimens are
conspecific,—a conclusion with which the writer, after
studying the notes kindly furnished to him by Dr. Griinberg,
entirely concurs. It should be added that the type of the
species, which is from the mainland (Usambara, German
East Africa), is considerably larger than even the largest of
the females obtained by Dr. Aders, which themselves exhibit
considerable variations in size. According to Dr. Griinberg,
the type measures 15°5 mm. in length, while, as will be seen
below, the maximum Jength of the females from Zanzibar is.
13°5 mm. |

g 2?.—Length, g (6 specimens) 9°8 tol0O mm., 2? (13
specimens) 10 to .13°5 mm.; width of head, g 2°75 to 3:2
mm., ? 2°8 to 3°75 mm.; width of front of ¢ at vertex
0°75 mm., width of front of ¢ in centre 0°25 mm., width of
front of 2 1:25 to 16mm. at vertex, greater below; length
of visible portion of proboscis in both sexes about 0°75 mm. ;
length of wing, ¢ 66 to74mm., 2? 8°75 to 11 mm.

6 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

Male dusky grey above (dorsum of thorax dark olive-grey,
dorsum of abdomen slate-grey}, 2 lighter grey above (dorsum
of thorax light olive-grey, with whitish - grey longitudinal
stripes, dorsum of abdomen drab-grey or smoke-grey), extreme
lateral margins of abdominal segments in both sexes cream-
buff or pinkish buff. Head light yellowish grey in 3 , cream-
coloured in 2, upper portion of front in gS mouse-grey.
Third joint of antenne clove-brown or black, first and second
joints paler (mouse-grey or isabella-coloured in 3, buff in ¢ ).
Wings milky ; fork of third longitudinal vein, cross-veins at
each end of discal cell, and siath longitudinal vein before
middle faintly suffused with drab,—these markings sometimes
indistinct ; stigma light mummy-brown, in 6 often paler than
in 2. Legs cream-buff or cream-coloured, femora in 3 more
or less grey.

Head: vertex and darker portion of front in g clothed
with pale yellowish hair, face and jowls in ¢ clothed with
whitish hair; front in ¢ with a blackish, elongate spot in
centre below ocellar tubercle, extending from eye to eye
in ? face, jowls, and upper three-fourths of front igoree
with minute whitish hairs; pa/pi cream-buff, often more or
less grey in 6, clothed with whitish hair; proboscis
ochraceous-buff, length of visible portion not exceeding
1 mm., usually only about 0°6 or 0°75 mm. ; first and second
joints of antenna very short, clothed with short whitish
hair, third joint ochraceous- buff at extreme base. Thoraz:
pleuree and pectus grey in g ; in 2 pleure cream-coloured,
dise of pectus light grey ; in both sexes pleurz and pectus
clothed with whitish hair; dorsum clothed with minute,
appressed, yellowish hairs; m ¢ these hairs are so small
that, on a superficial inspection, the dorsum appears bare ;
whitish-grey longitudinal stripes on dorsum of 9 fairly
broad, consisting of a pair of admedian stripes which
posteriorly are only narrowly separated or even apparently
{use together, and a more or less distinct stripe above base
of each wing ; In some specimens near front margin there
is also an indication of a narrow median stripe ; scutellum
dark grey in ¢, in @ greyish buff or drab. Abdomen
clothed in both sexes with short whitish hair, which is
longer on sides, especially im ¢ ; dorsum with a dark,
median, longitudinal stripe, more conspicuous in @, ex-
tending from second segment almost to distal extremity,
more or less interrupted by hind margins of segments, and
formed by minute black hairs among the w hitish ones;
whitish hair on dorsum of 9 extremely small and closely
appressed ; in ¢ dorsal plate of last segment, either entirely

Genera and Species of Tabanide. (

or for most part, and hind margins of some at least of
preceding segments cream-buff; venter light grey or more
or less cream-buff, without a dark longitudinal stripe.
Wings: costa as far as stigma, auxiliary and first longitudinal
veiu to same point, third longitudinal vein between anterior
transverse vein and fork, and portion of fifth longitudinal
vein from base to fork buff, veins elsewhere for most part
dark brown. Sqguame waxen white. J/alteres: stalks
cream-buff, knobs ivory-white. Legs clothed with whitish
hair ; under side of front femora shining, more or less dark
brown in @, buff-yellow in ? ; claws biack, buff or cream-
buff at base.

Zanzibar and German East Africa (Usambara): type of ¢,
type of redescription of 9, and eight other specimens
(4 9g, 4 22), from Pigaduli, Zanzibar, 14. vi. 1911,
“on sandy bank”; 3.2? 2, same locality, 23.v. 1911, “on
sandy bank”; 3 2? 2, same locality, 10. x1. 1910, *‘ numerous
eueeagae 1) 9) same locality, 12.xi. 1910; 1¢, 12,
Bububu, 7. xii. 1910: all collected and presented by Dr. W.
M. Aders.

Writing to the author on June 26, 1911, Dr. Aders
remarked that the species described above had been “ found
almost exclusively in one place, generally on a hot, sandy
bank where cattle are buried.’ Dr. Aders added that the
cadavers of the cattle seemed to possess a great attraction
for these flies. No information as to the blood-sucking
powers of Adersia wstroides has yet been received, although
it may be mentioned for what the observation may be worth
that natives in Zanzibar assert that the species bites *. ‘The
peculiar coloration of the body and wings, which in the case
of the body is most marked in the female sex, recalls that of
other Diptera inhabiting sandy or desert regions, and is
doubtless protective when the insects are resting on sand,

Genus Rutnomyza, Wied.

Rhinomyza mordosa, sp. 1.

9 .—Length (10 specimens) 7 to 8°6 mm.; width of head
9-2 to 2-6 mm.; width of front at vertex 0°25 mm. ; length
of proboscis 1°5 to 1°38 mm.; length of wing 7°25 to 825
mm.

Small, narrow-bodied species, allied to Rh. maculata, Surcouf

* From information supplied to the writer in conversation, 12. vi. 1911,
by Dr. A. Copland, who brought home a portion of the material collected
by Dr, Aders.

8 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

(S.-E. Madagascar), but distinguished by presence of a well-
marked, continuous, pale median stripe on dorsum of abdomen,
as also by certain differences in wing-markings.—Dorsum of
thorax russet-coloured ; dorsum of abdomen, in fully coloured
specimens, mummy-brown, with a pale (raw-sienna-coloured)
median longitudinal stripe; antenne raw-sienna-coloured,
unicolorous, upper branch of third joint very short, merely a
forwardly directed tooth ; wings nearly hyaline, with, in distal
half, two conspicuous sepia-coloured blotches resting on costal
border.

Head buff or orange-buff pollinose (occiput smoke-grey),
basioccipital region sparsely clothed with yellowish hair ;
front slightly broader below; ocellar spot greyish clove-
brown; frontal callus tawny or tawny-ochraceous, narrow, only
slightly expanded below, its upper extremity linear ; eyes in
specimens preserved in spirit dark bronze-green, without
bands; palpi buff, proximal joint clothed with yellowish
hairs, terminal joint clothed on outer side with minute black
hairs; first and second joints of antenne clothed above and
on outer side with minute black hairs. Thoraxr: dorsum,
including scutellum, clothed with minute, appressed, pale
buff-yellow hairs, prealar callus on each side clothed with
dark brown hairs; pleure and pectus cream-buff, covered
with pearl-grey pollen, and sparsely clothed with whitish
hair. Abdomen: median dorsal stripe varying in width in
different specimens (sometimes very narrow on third and
following segments), extending from base of abdomen to
hind margin of sixth segment; imperfectly coloured speci-
mens sometimes more or less pale (dull ochreous) on first
two or three segments, on each side of median stripe;
dorsum clothed for most part with minute, appressed, black
hairs, but on median stripe and on lateral margins with
similar pale yellow hairs, which also more or less predominate
eenerally on fourth and fifth segments, besides clothing hind
border of third segment; venter buff or ochraceous-buff,
clothed with appressed yellowish hairs. MWings: the two
main sepia-coloured blotches are situate as follows : firstly,
a blotch includes the conspicuous, mummy-brown stigma,
and then, narrowing considerably, either terminates on the
third longitudinal vein (or in the first submarginal cell
before reaching that vein), or extends across the wing to
the bottom of the distal extremity of the discal cell, enclosing
the posterior transverse vein, filling the extreme bases of
the second and third posterior cells, and sometimes even
extending into the angle in the upper margin of the fourth
posterior eell; seeondly, a blotch whieh occupies the distal

—

Genera and Species of Tabanide. 9

extremities of the marginal and submarginal cells, extends
across the anterior branch of the third longitudinal vein into
the upper part of the second submarginal cell, and has its
proximal margin nearly straight and at right angles to the
costa; the length of the space separating the stigmatic
from the apical blotch, measured on the costa, varies in
different individuals from about 1 mm. to about 1-4 mm.;
the fork of the third longitudinal vein is suffused with sepia,
and the small sepia-coloured spot so formed is sometimes
connected either with the apical blotch, or, in the first
posterior cell, with a forwardly directed prolongation from
the stigmatic blotch, or with both ; in addition to the fore-
going the proximal half of the first basal cell is occupied by
a faint, light sepia-coloured streak, sometimes indistinct ;
in specimens in which the stigmatic blotch does not extend
beyond the third longitudinal vein, the veins at the distal
extremity of the discal cell are still often suffused with sepia;
veins mummy-brown, auxiliary vein paler, anterior transverse
vein and extreme base of third longitudinal vein usually
darker than remainder of veins. Squame sepia-coloured.
Halteres: knobs seal-brown above, ochraceous-buff below ;
stalks buff, brownish at distal extremity. Legs buff or
ochraceous-buff, distal extremities of both front femora and
front tibize brown or brownish; front tarsi dark brown,
proximal two-thirds of first joint paler, tips of middle and
hind tarsi dark brown.

Madagascar: type and thirteen other specimens from
Andranolava, Majunga Province, North-West Madagascar,
24. xi.1907 (J. J. Lloyd); a fifteenth specimen, from same
locality and collector, 8. xi. 1907.

With reference to this species the collector writes :—“ A
very active fly ; bites hke a mosquito. All the specimens
sent were taken at dusk.”

Rhinomyza simplicicornis, sp. n.

9 —Length,(8 specimens) 6°75 to 8:2 mm.; width of
head 2°4 to 3 mm.; width of front at vertex 0°5 to just over
05 mm. ; length of proboscis 1°2 to 1:25 mm.; length of
wing 6°25 to 7°4 mm.

Small, thick-set species, with third joint of antenne totaily
devoid of an upper branch, and wings without coloured bands,
spots, or blotches, though with very conspicuous dark brown
stigma.—Thorax greyish cream-buff, dorsum with three fairly
broad, burnt-umber-coloured or dark brown, longitudinal
stripes, converging posteriorly, and with a dark brown spot on

10 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

scutellum ; dorsum of abdomen (in fuliy coloured specimens not
altered by post-mortem sang ) transversely and consecutively
banded with cream-colour, dark brown, light grey, and mummy-
brown.

Head cream-buff pollinose (occiput light grey), basi-
occipital region clothed with yellowish-white hair; front
much broader than in foregoing species, widening slightly
below; ocellar spot grey ish clove- brown ; frontal callus
cinnamon, clunamon-rufous, or light mummy-brown, of
normal shape, except that there is a pollinose indentation
on each side, forming a constriction, just above lower ex-
tremity ; palpi cream-buff, proximal joint clothed with pale
yellowish hairs, terminal joint varying in width in different
specimens but not particularly attenuated, clothed on outer
side with minute black hairs; antenne short, first and
second joints clothed with minute black hairs, expanded
portion of third joint ochraceous-buff, unusually broad from
above downwards, with nothing in the shape ‘of an upper
branch, but with the upper margin rising in the centre
into a prominent angle, fovr distal annuli clove-brown or
black, unusually short, of uniform width, termiual annulus
ending bluntly. Zhorax: dark dorsal stripes commencing
just behind level of humeral calli, median stripe usually
reaching scutellum but paired stripes not extending beyond
postalar calli; dorsum clothed with short, appressed, pale
yellowish hair, and with blackish hair on dark brown scutellar
spot, which occupies whole of upper surface of scutellum
except margin; pleurz and pectus clothed with yellowish-
white hair ; mesopleurze dark brown below, sternopleuree
also largely dark brown on each side of middle line, but in
both cases ground-colour partially concealed by the light
grey pollen clothing pleurs, pectus, and sides of dorsum.
lbdomen: dorsum in fully coloured and unaltered specimens
marked as follows,—first segment and anterior third or half
of second creaim-coloured ; remainder of second segment
and third segment entirely dark brown; fourth segment
light grey, more or less dark brown, ochraceous-buff, or
cinnamon on front border; remaining segments mummy-
brown, hind margins of fifth and sixth segments greyish ;
the front margin of the dark brown band is often somewhat
irregular, but in the middle line frequently sends out a
triangular projection, which does not quite reach the posterior
edge of the first segment; inimperfectly coloured specimens,
or such as show post-mor ‘tem changes, the dark brown band
is less sharply defined, and frequently exhibits irregular
patches of paler (mummy-brown) colour near the front

—"

Genera and Species of Tabanide. 11

margin of the third segment; dorsum clothed with minute,
appressed hairs, pale yellowish or yellowish white on the
fourth segment and on the cream-coloured band at the base,
dark brown on the dark brown band, and lighter brown on
fifth and following segments; venter in non-discoloured
specimens cream- -coloured at base, then mainly cream-buff,
whitish cream-buff, or whitish, followed by ochraceous-buff at
distal extremity, which is clothed with brownish hair, venter
elsewhere clothed with minute, appressed, yellowish-white
hair. Wings with a faint sepiaceous tinge, which in certain
specimens is somewhat more pronounced at extreme tip, next
costa ; veins for most part dark brown, those forming distal
boundary of first and second basal cells darker than else-
where, and more or less suffused with sepia; stigma sharply
defined, varying in length in different specimens from ]°2
to l'4 mm. Sguame sepia-coloured, border dark brown.
Halteres : knobs clove-brown, stalks cream-buff, dark brown
at distal extremity. Legs cream-buff or buff, tips of front
and hind femora and tibiz dark brown, tips of middle femora
and tibiz brown, front tarsi clove-brown, middle and hind
tarsi dark brown, proximal two-thirds of first joint of middle
tarsi paler.

Madagascar: type and nine other specimens from Andra-
nelava, Majunga Province, North-West Madagascar, October
15 to November, 1907 (J. J. Lloyd).

The collector’s field-note runs :—“ Seen from October 13
to November. Appears only in cool places, usually in
evening. Bite very painful.”

So far as the structure of the third joint of its antennz
is concerned, the species described above is an aberrant form,
which agrees with Rhinomyza edentula, Wied., and Rh. pusilla
(Erodiorhynchus pusillus), Schin.—the habitat of each of
which is the Cape of Good Hope,—in the absence of an
upper branch to the joint in question. As regards the re-
mainder of its cephalic characters, except that the proboscis
is somewhat shorter than usual, the new species is a true
Rhinomyza, and to place it in this genus—the only existing
one to which it could possibly be assigned-—is preferable to
founding a new genus for its reception. The comparative
shortness of its proboscis prevents Rh. simplicicornis from
being regarded as belonging to the same group as Rh. edentula,
Wied., and Rh. pusilla, Schin., though it agrees with these
species in its wings being devoid of coloured bands or
blotches. In the large size and conspicuous appearance
of the stigma, as well as in having its wings otherwise
unmarked, * Rh. simplicicornis agrees with Rh. (Dichelacera)

12 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

longirostris, Big., which is also found in Madagascar, but in
which the third antennal joint is of the typical form.

AEGOPHAGAMYIA *, gen. nov.

Resembling and allied to Silvius, Mg., but distinguished by
the absence of a frontal callus in the 2? , by the proboscis being
slender and elongate, and by the first and fourth posterior cells
in the wing being closed before reaching the margin. Distin-
guished from Scione, Walk., by the eyes not being hairy nor
the face conical. Distinguished from Bouvierella +, Surcouf,
in which the first and fourth posterior cells in the wing are
also closed, by the absence of a frontal callus in the 9 , by the
proboscis being slender and elongate, and terminated by narrow,
elongate labella (instead of being short and having large
labella), by the smaller antenne—especially the less elongate
third joint, and by the first posterior cell in the wing being
closed a relatively long way from instead of close to the hind
margin, the stalk of the first posterior cell being two or three
times as long as, instead of approximately equal in length to,
only slightly longer or even shorter than that of the fourth
posterior cell— Body Tabanus-like in shape. Eyes meeting
together above in 8; front in 3 of moderate breadth, its sides
parallel ; facets in front portion of eyes of & not conspicuously
larger than those behind ; ocelli present. Proboscis and palpi
slender, former elongate and prominent, projecting downwards
and forwards, or (in 8) sometimes horizontal, not thickened at
base ; lubella long and narrow. Patlpi small, in 3 linear and
horizontal or slightly curved upwards, terminal joint in §
elongate, somewhat swollen at base then bent downwards and
acicular, Antenne short, especially first and second joints,
third joint lanceolate in profile, without any projection on its
upper margin; terminal portion of third joint indistinctly
annulate, composed of four annuli. Wings hyaline; first
posterior cell with a long stalk, i. e. closed 0°6 to 0°75 mm.
before reaching hindmargin ; fourth posterior cell closed either
just before margin, or at any rate nearer to margin than point
at which first posterior cell is closed; anterior intercalary
vein, though sometimes complete, often terminating abruptly
before reaching margin.

* aiyopayos, goat-eating (in allusion to the fact that all the specimens
of the typical species taken by Dr. Aders in Zanzibar were found on
goats) ; pvia, a fly.

t See below, p. 16. With the exception of B. (Scione) alluaudi,
Giglio-Tos, the habitat of which is the Seychelles Is., the eight species of
Bouvierella at present known are contined to Madagascar.

Genera and Species of Vabanide. 13

Typical species Afgophagamyia pungens, sp. n. It is
worthy of note that the three representatives of the genus
AEgophagamyia at present known, all of which are described
below, are is/and forms, the typical species having been
obtained in Zanzibar and the other two species in Rodri-
guez I, and Astove I. respectively.

cEe-gophagamyia pungens, sp. 0.

& 2? .—Length, ¢ (7 specimens) 10°2 to 11:75 mm., 9
(4 specimens) 9°6 to 11:2 mm.; width of head, ¢ 3 to
3°75 mm., 2? 2°8 to 3:5 mm. ; width of front of 2 at vertex
0-5 to 06 mm.; length of proboscis, ¢ 2 mm. (in normal
position) to3°5 mm. (protruded), 9 1°75 to2°5 mm. ; length
of wing, 6 775 to9 mm., 2? 8 to 9:25 mm.

Frontal triangle in 3, viewed from above, bright cream-
coloured or glistening white, pollinose ; front and face in 9
dull greyish cream-coloured ; first and second joints of antenne
in both sexes buff or ochraceous-buff, third joint clove-brown ;
dorsum of thorax dark olivaceous-grey in 3 , lighter grey in 3 ,
in both sexes with faint darker streaks but without distinct
markings ; abdomen in & ochraceous or tawny-ochraceous,
with on dorsum a very conspicuous, blackish slate-coloured,
median longitudinal stripe; abdomen in Q slate-grey on
dorsum, the sides of the first four and lateral margins of re-
maining segments dull ochraceous-buff.

Head: face and jowls in both sexes clothed with whitish
hair, short on face, longer on jowls ; upper three-fourths of
front in ? clothed with minute whitish hairs, mingled to-
wards vertex with some blackish hairs; occiput in both sexes
smoke-grey ; palpi butt; proboscis ‘greyish clove-brown,
labella clove-brown Sard joint of antenne buff at Bene
base. Thorax: pleuree and pectus grey, lighter in 9 than
in ¢, clothed in both sexes with whitish hair; dorsum
clothed with short, erect, yellowish hair in @, and with
similar, whitish or yellowish-white hair in 2. Abdomen ;
median stripe on dorsum of ¢ extending from base to distat
extremity, narrower than elsewhere on third and fourth, or
third, fourth, and fifth segments, dorsum of sixth segment
in some ¢ ¢ for most part or entirely blackish slate-
coloured ; venter ochraceous in @, ochraceous-buff in 2,
without markings; abdomen clothed in g with short, ap-
pressed, pale ochre-yellow hairs, in 2 with similar pale
yellowish hairs, on dorsum in both sexes mingled with black
hairs towards distal extremity ; ochraceous-buff area on
dorsal side of first four segments in ? varying in width,

14 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

sometimes so broad as to reduce slate-grey area on these
segments to a median stripe, in other specimens very narrow
and confined to lateral margins. Wings : veins for most
part brown, auxiliary vein buff, base of first longitudinal
vein ochraceous-buff; stigma wanting, Squame cream-
coloured, small. Halteres: stalks light isabella-coloured,
knobs cream-buff. Legs: femora and tibiz ochraceous,
femora more or less streaked with dark grey, hind tibiz
brownish on upper side, sometimes entirely dark brown
except at extreme base, tips of front and middle tibize some-
times brown or pone tarsi dark brown, first joint of
front and middle pairs often paler (ochraceous or ochraceous-
rufous) at base.

Zanzibar: type of ¢, two other g g¢, and two 9 ? from
Bububu, 7. xii. 1910; type of 2, four g g, and one other
? from Pigaduli, 14. vi. 1911, “on goats”: all collected
and presented by Dr. W. M. Aders.

The collector’s field-note is as follows :—‘ Very restricted
in its occurrence: all the specimens of this species were
‘aught within a radius of two miles, and always on goats.”

Hgophagamyia remota, sp. n.

@.—Length (1 specimen) 10°8 Bn width of head
3°6 mm. ; length of proboscis 2 mm.; length of wing
9-6 mm.

Agreeing with foregoing species in coloration and markings,
except that the dark median stripe on dorsum of abdomen is
broken up into spots; frontal triangle more prominent, and
face (viewed in EES) inclined more obliquely backwards than
in preceding species ; ter minal joint of palpi 0°8 mm. in length,
longer than in foregoing species ; front and middie femora,
except at extreme tips, entirely greyish clove-brown.

Head: face and jowls clothed with whitish hair; pa/pi
ochraceous, terminal joint dark brown at tip; prodoscis dark
brown ; first and second joints of antenne tawny-ochraceous,
clothed above and on outer side with short black hairs, first
joint more bulky and with a more prominent upper angle
than in foregoing species (third joint wanting in type).
Thorax and abdomen clothed with yellowish hair; median
dorsal stripe on abdomen (at least in case of type) much
narrower on second segment than in <E-gophagamyia pungens ;
commencing at base of first segment, on which it occupies a
median area equal to half the width of the segment, the
stripe abruptly narrows on the second segment to ‘about half
its previous width and terminates suddenly at one-third of

Genera and Species of Tabanide. 15

the length of the segment from the hind margin ; on the
third seement the stripe is represented bya scutiform median
spot, extending from the base to a little beyond the middle :
on the fourth segment there is a smaller though rather wider
median spot, somewhat triangular im outline, resting on the
base of the segment and with its apex eX tending to a little
beyond the middle - ; the fifth and sixth segments each bear
a broad transverse blotch, resting on the bese of the segment,
but not extending to either the lateral or posterior margins.
Wings: first posterior cell closed 0°6 mm. from margin;
anterior intercalary vein (in typical specimen) terminating
abruptly just beyond halfway between end of discal cell and
hind margin of wing ; stigma exceedingly faint, not notice-
able. Squame cream- buff. Halteres as in foregoing species.
Legs: hind femora ochraceous, distal extremity dark brown,
under side greyish dark brown; tibize and tarsi as in fore-
going species.

Rodriguez I., Indian Ocean: presented by the Royal
Society.

Aegophagamyia terticeps, sp. n.

? .—Length (2 specimens) 10°6 to 11 mm.; width of
head 3°5 to 3°75 mm.; width of front at vertex 0°75 mm.;
length of proboscis 2°25 to 2°6 mim. ; length of wing 8°75 to
9 mm.

Resembling A’gophagamyia pungens 2, but distinguished
by face being more protuberant, by ochraceous-buff area on dorsum
of abdomen being confined to posterior angles of second and
third and extreme lateral margins of followi ing segments, and
by the femora, except extreme base and tips, being entirely
dark (greyish clove-brown).

Head: face and lower third of front isabella-coloured,
occiput and upper two-thirds of front dark grey ; median
portion of face conspicuously protuberant, when head is
viewed in profile; face, jowls, and basioccipital region
clothed with whitish hair, upper part of front clothed with
dark brown hair ; palpi buff, terminal joint greyish on outer
side; proboscis greyish clove-brow n, labella clove-brow LD;
first and second joints of antenne ochraceous-buff, clothed
for most part with short black hairs, third joint clove-brown,
ochraceous-buff at extreme base. Thorux and abdomen:
general coloration and hairy covering of thorax and of dark
portion of dorsum of abdomen as in 2gophagamyia pungeis
2; ochraceous-buff areas on dorsal surface of second and
third abdominal segments varying in size, sometimes much
reduced, especially on third segment; ventral surface of

16 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

fifth (or fourth) and following segments (at least in type and
para-type) with a dark transverse band, occupying anterior
two-thirds of each segment. Wings: first posterior cell, in
type and para-type, closed 0°75 mm. from margin ; anterior
intercalary vein varying in length, terminating abruptly
before reaching margin; veins mainly mummy-brown or
dark brown, auxiliary vein, base of first longitudinal, and
main portion of fifth longitudinal vein paler (cinnamon) ;
stigma transparent, not noticeable. Sguame cream-buff.
Halteres as in Egophagamyia pungens. Legs: tibie and
tarsi clove-brown, middle tibiz, except distal extremity,
sometimes paler (cinnamon), proximal portion of front tibiz
also cinnamon-coloured in case of type.

Astove I., Indian Ocean (north of Madagascar) ; type and
one other specimen (P. R. Dupont).

Genus Bovuviere.ta, Surcouf.

(Bulletin de Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Année 1999,
p. 176 (Paris, 1909).)

Bouvierella pulchella, sp. un.

?.—Length (1 specimen) 12°6 mm.; width of head
4 mm.; width of front at vertex 0°6 mm.; length of pro-
boscis 1°75 mm.; length of wing 10°4 mm.

Head, pleura, and pectus grey, dorsum of thorax slate-
coloured, with a pair of faint, grey, admedian, longitudinal
stripes ; first two abdominal segments cream-buff, each marked
on dorsum with a black blotch, that on second segment median,
elongate-rectangular, that on first segment occupying greater
part of dorsum except posterior angles, and tapering to hind
margin ; remaining abdominal segments black, hind margins of
third to fifth segments inclusive pearl-grey, clothed with silvery-
white hair ; wings light isabella-coloured ; legs, except coxe,
entirely black.

Head: subcallus, face, jowls, and basioccipital region
pearl-grey, clothed with white hair, upper part of front
blackish slate-coloured and clothed with blackish hair ;
frontal callus clove-brown, cuneate, with the upwardly directed
apex prolonged into a narrow raised line; front narrowing
slightly below ; palpi slender, slate-grey on outer side ; pro-
boscis clove-brown ; antenne entirely clove-brown or black,
except articular surface of third joint on outer side, which
is narrowly cinnamon, first and second joints clothed with
short black hair, expanded portion of third joint without an
angular prominence on upper margin. Thorax: humeral

Genera and Species of ‘Vabanidee. 17

calli and lateral borders of dorsum grey, admedian stripes
on dorsum commencing on front margin but becoming in-
distinct beyond transverse suture ; scutellum slate- black,
darker than remainder of dorsum ; pleur: e and pectus clothed
with white hair, dorsum somewhat sparsely clothed with
minute, appressed, yellowish-white hairs, mixed with longer
and more erect black hairs ; a patch of longer silv ery-white
hair above base of wing on each side, and a ‘smaller patch of
similar hair on anterior extremity of each postalar callus ;
scutellum, portion of dorst!m immediately in front of pree-
scutellar groove, and remainder of postalar calli clothed
entirely with black hair; prealar calli clothed with black
mixed with silvery-white hair. Abdomen: median black
blotch on dorsum of second segment extending from base
almost to hind margin ; ventral surface of third and following
segments agreeing “with dorsum in coloration and banding ; :
black portion of abdomen clothed with black hair, which on
dorsum of second segment also extends a little way outwards
from sides of median blotch; cream-buff area clothed with
yellowish-white hair, hind border of dorsum of second segment
with whitish hair, which also extends on to the hinder portion
of the median black blotch ; posterior angles of dorsal scutes
of third to fifth segments aelncire cream-buff, clothed with
silvery-white or yellowish- white hairs, which more or less
fringe the lateral margins of these scutes ; posterior portion
of dorsum of sixth segment somewhat greyish, with a few
yellowish hairs on lead margin in middle line. Wings :
extreme base and costal cells “ochre-yellow ; stigma orange-
ochraceous, narrow ; costa dark brown, auxiliary vein and
main portion of fifth longitudinal vein orange- ochraceous,
remaining veins mummy-brown. Squame light sepla~
coloured, border mummy-brown, Halferes dark sepia-
coloured, stalks buff at base, Legs: cox grey, clothed,
like proximal half of under side of hind femora, with white
hair; legs elsewhere clothed with black hair.

Madagascar : type from Andranolava, Majunga Province,
North-West Madagascar, 25. x. 1907 (J. J. Lloyd).

The collector’s field-note on this species is as follows :—
“ Observed first on Oct. 25th, 1907; taken at midday in
vicinity of office. Another specimen was seen on the follow-
ing day, but not captured; these were the only two individuals
observed up to Oct. 30th, 1907. The natives know this fly
and state that it oviposits in loose earth ; its bite is said to be
very painful; these flies are reported to become more plentiful
later in the season.’

Owing to its striking markings, this handsome species

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. ix, 2

18 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

cannot be confused with any other of its congeners at
present known.

Genus Curysors, Meigen.
Chrysops aprugna, sp. n.

9 .—Length (4 specimens) 7°25 to 8°75 mm.; width of
head 2°4 to 2°8 mm.; width of front at vertex 0°75 to
0°8 mm. ; length of antenne 2°2 to 2°4 mm. ; length of wing
7 to 7°6 mm.

Upper surface of thorax and abdomen blackish slate-coloured.
— Antenne entirely black, rather short, first joint somewhat
swollen at base ; frontal callus shining black ; dorsum of thorax
with a pair of narrow, light grey, longitudinal stripes ; dorsum
of abdomen on each side of first and second segments with a
dull greyish cinnamon-coloured patch, more or less indistinct ;
hind borders of second and following abdominal segments on
dorsal side yellowish-grey pollinose, in each case expanded in
middle line into amore or less distinct triangle, seventh segment
wholly grey pollinose ; wings hyaline, first and second costal
cells raw-sienna-coloured, extreme base, a conspicuous trans-
verse band across middle (sharply defined except at posterior
extremity),and a narrow border next costa at distal eatremity
of wing dark brown ; middle and hind tibia, and first joint of
middle and hind tarsi except extreme tips tawny.

Head ochre-yellow pollinose (in rubbed specimens front
and upper portion of posterior orbits yellowish-grey pollinose),
frontal callus, quadrate facial tubercles (connected below by a
median prolongation extending to margin of buccal cavity),
and a spot below each eye shining black ; ocellar spot greyish
clove-brown ; occiput slate-grey, except posterior orbits and
a downward offshoot from latter on each side of occipital

triangular extension of ocellar spot; frontal callus narrowly

separated from eye on each side, its lower margin curved, its
upper margin produced in middle line into an angle, which
nearly reaches ocellar spot; face, jowls, and basioccipital
region, except on shining black calli and spots, clothed with
pale yellow or yellowish hair; pollinose portions of front
clothed with similarly coloured hair (in some specimens
between frontal callus and ocellar spot with dark brown or
blackish hair) ; palpi greyish clove-brown, clothed on outer
side and below with yellowish, pale yellow, or whitish hairs,
terminal joint bluntly lanceolate in outline when head is
viewed in profile; first and second joints of antenne some-
what greyish pollinose, clothed with short, black hair. Eye-
markings (as seen in six § specimens preserved in spirit) :

Genera and Species of Tabanidie, 19

occipital border * broad, in contact with upper and lower as
well as with posterior margin of eye, deeply notched and in
some specimens actually ‘divided into two parts; frontal
spots large, and all three usually in contact with margin of
eye; shaft attached to arrow -head, and, though sometimes
not extending so far, usually reaching upper margin of eye
and there forming a connection between upper extremity of
occipital border and upper frontal spot ; point of arrow-head
not reaching lower extremity of occipital border, but shoulders
of arrow-head sometimes in contact both with lower end of
upper half of latter and with middle frontal spot. Thorax
clothed with whitish hair, shorter on dorsum than on pleurz
and pectus; paired light grey longitudinal stripes on dorsum
commencing on front. margin, and, when viewed from above,

disappearing after extending over about anterior three-
fourths of main portion of dorsum, when, however, the thorax
is viewed obliquely from behind the posterior extremities of
the stripes are seen to curve round on to the postalar calli ;
lateral borders of dorsum light grey; pleurz and pectus
slate-grey, former marked with an undulating stripe of pale
yellowish or ochreous pollen, which, commencing on each
side above hind coxa, runs forwards ‘along upper border of
sternopleura as far as prothorax, and is connected with its
fellow of the opposite side by a transverse band in front of
the anterior coxze; there is also a patch of similarly coloured
pollen on upper portion of each mesopleura. Abdomen:
dorsum clothed for most part with minute, appressed,
ochreous hairs (on basal angle sometimes with whitish
hairs), which become longer towards distal extremity ; venter
slate-grey, clothed with minute, appressed, ochreous or pale
yellowish hairs, more or less yellowish- -grey pollinose, espe-
cially towards distal extremity aud on sides of preceding
segments. Wings: proximal and distal edges of transverse
band both somewhat irregular, proximal edge commencing
on auxiliary vein a little beyond level of proximal end of
stigma, thence running obliquely to second longitudinal vein
at origin of third longitudinal, from this point passing
straight across distal extremity of first basal cell to angle at
proximal end of discal cell, and thence to the posterior of
the two angles at distal extremity of second basal cell; from
this pot the proximal edge of the band follows tiie veins
forming the base and proximal boundary of the fifth posterior
cell, passing over into the anal cell in the narrow, distal

* For explanation and illustrations of terms, see E. Daecke, “ On the
Fye-Coloration of the Genus Chrysops” (‘Entomological News,’ vol. xvii.
106, pp. 39-42, pl. i.).

2Q*

20 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

portion of the latter, in which it becomes very faint, and so
reaching the posterior margin of the wing; the distal edge
of the transverse band commences on the costa, usually a
little way beyond the end of the first longitudinal vein, forms
a conspicuous projecting angle in the first submarginal cell,
below which angle it is noticeably emarginate, and from the
fourth longitudinal vein follows a somewhat irregular or
slightly sinuous course to the vein forming the proximal
boundary cf the third posterior cell, after which it becomes
obliterated; with the exception of its proximal margin,
therefore, the transverse band does not reach the posterior
margin of the wing, but becomes obliterated in the fourth
and fifth posterior cells ; dark brown border next costa at
tip of wing commencing a short distance beyond transverse
band (sometimes narrowly connected with distal margin of
latter), and terminating just below distal extremity of
anterior branch of third longitudinal vein ; first basal cell
with an ill-defined brownish longitudinal streak at its
proximal extremity, second basal cell also shghtly mfuscated
at extreme base. Squwame light sepia-coloured, border
darker. Halteres clove-brown. Legs: coxe grey, clothed
with whitish hair, front pair yellowish pollinose at base in
front and sometimes with an ochraceous ground-colour ;
femora clothed with whitish hair, front pair clove-brown,
more or less tawny at base, middle and hind femora greyish
clove-brown, more or less tawny above, sometimes wholly
tawny except extreme tips; front tibiz not incrassate, clove-
brown, more or less raw-umber-coloured at base ; front
tarsi clove-brown, tips of middle and hind tarsi dark brown.

Madagascar: type and nine other specimens from T’sara-
tanana, North-Central Madagascar, 19-28. 1.1907 (W. C.
Holden).

With reference to this species the collector writes as
follows :—‘‘ Native name ‘ fihidambo, or wild boar fly.
Numerous only in certain localities, which are wooded, well
watered, and generally the haunts of wild boars, but not
necessarily of cattle. Prefers the shade, and is more
numerous in the forest and in the evening. Bite very
sharp.”

From Chrysops madagascarensis, Ricardo,—the only
species of the present genus from Madagascar hitherto
described,—C. aprugna is distinguishable inter alia by the
wing-markings and coloration of the tibie. In C. madagas-
carensis the wing-markings resemble those of the species
described below as C. dloydi, being blackish clove-brown in
colour, and the transverse band being much broader than

Genera and Species of Tabanide. 21

in C. aprugna, and its distal margin convex towards the tip
of the wing, instead of irregular and emarginate below an
angular projection in the first submarginal cell; the tibiz,
too, in C. madagascarensis are entirely black. Apart from
other characters, C.aprugna is distinguishable from C. lloydi
by the antennz being entirely black, instead of having the
first joimt ochraceous, as also by the coloration of the wing-
markings and shape ofthe transverse band. The distinctive
characters of C. aprugna as regards the following species
are pointed out at the end of the description of the latter.

Chrysops insulensis, sp. 0.

? —Length (1 specimen) 6°5 mm.; width of head 2 mm.;
width of front at vertex just under 1 mm.; length of wing
7 mm.

Antenne, body, and legs entirely black; wings nearly
hyaline, base, costal border, both basal cells except an area
just before their distal extremities (much larger in second than
in first basal cell), and a very conspicuous transverse band
across middle (sharply defined except at posterior extremity)
blackish clove-brown ; legs slender.

Head black ; frontal callus, a large, cordate, facial tubercle
occupying practically whole of face, and an inconspicuous
spot below each eye shining black; ocellar spot shining
black (in denuded specimen), broadly connected with frontal
callus by a clove-brown area, which encircles frontal callus
and extends a little way below it, connecting bases of an-
tenne; frontal callus roughly elliptical oval in outline,
almost reaching eye on each side, its transverse diameter the
longer ; sides of front and of face narrowly brownish raw-
sienna-coloured pollinose, jowls (except shining spot below
each eye), a small spot on each side of vertex next upper
angle of each eye, and a narrow transverse band immedi-
ately below antenne clothed with similarly coloured pollen ;
basioccipital region brownish pollinose ; palpi black, ter-
minal joint lanceolate in outliue when head is viewed in
profile, clothed on outer side with brownish pollen and short,
blackish hair; antenne of moderate length, first joint
swollen, first and second joints clothed with blackish hair.
Thorax: pleurz and sides of dorsum brownish pollinose.
Wings: blackish clove-brown costal border including costal
cells and extending from base to just beyond distal extremity
of anterior branch of third longitudinal: vein, emarginate
(and therefore narrower than elsewhere) in marginal cell,
next distal edge of transverse band; in addition to costal

22 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

border, blackish clove-brown area at base of wing includes
extreme base, proximal three-fourths of first basal cell,
proximal three-fifths of second basal (distal border of
proximal dark area in basal cells thus runs obliquely for-
wards), and base of marginal cell; basal dark area joins
proximal edge of transverse band in marginal cell, above
point of origin of third longitudinal vein, whence proximal
edge of band passes straight across tips of both basal cells,
just touching proximal angle of discal cell, and so filling
extreme distal extremities of basal cells with dark colour ;
proximal edge of transverse band touches proximal basal
angle of fifth posterior cell, and dies away in narrow, distal
extremity of anal cell; starting from costal border not quite
midway between distal extremity of stigma and tip of second
longitudinal vein, distal edge of transverse band forms a
conspicuous angle (apex of which rests on base of anterior
branch of third longitudinal vein), then runs_ backwards
towards base of wing and crosses main stem of third longi-
tudinal vein about 0°5 mm. before its bifureation ; from this
point distal edge of band passes somewhat obliquely across
wing to proximal boundary of third posterior cell, after which
it becomes indistinct; the band fills proximal two-thirds of
fourth and fifth posterior cells, and then dies away towards
hind margin of wing; portion of fifth longitudinal vein
forming part of boundary of second basal cell bordered
anteriorly with blackish clove-brown. Sguame_ sepia-
coloured, border darker. Halteres clove-brown. Legs
clothed with blackish hair, none of the tibiz incrassate.

Madagascar: Ambohimitombo Forest (Dr. C. I. Forsyth
Major).

In Chrysops insulensis the shape of the transverse band on
the wing resembles that seen in C. aprugna ; apart from all
other characters, however, the present species may be distin-
guished from the foregoing by the fact that the apex of the
angle on the distal margin of the band rests on the base of
the anterior branch of the third longitudinal vein, instead
of being separated from it by a considerable interval. Other
distinctive characters of C. insulensis as compared with
C. aprugna are afforded by the much darker coloration of
the wing-markings, by the much greater extent of the dark
area at the proximal end of the basal cells, and by the legs
being entirely black. From C. madagascarensis, Ricardo,
as well as from the new species described below, C. insulensis
is distinguishable at once by the distal margin of the
transverse band being conspicuously angulate instead of
nearly uniformly curved. When compared with the following

Genera and Species of Tabanide. 23

species, a further means of distinction is furnished by the
wholly black antennze.

Although the type of the present species is denuded, the
characteristic wing-markings are quite distinctive as regards
the other species of Chrysops at present known from
Madagascar, and the description printed above is therefore
sufficient for practical purposes. The details of the body-
markings, if any, cannot be determined until further speci-
mens are obtained. It may be noted that the type of
C. insulensis was erroneously ings by Miss Ricardo
(Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 7, vol..ix., May 1902, pp. 369,
370) to C. madagascarensis ; it is va second specimen
mentioned by the authoress, whose description of the

“shading” at the base of the wing is in reality taken from
the type of the present species sand not from that of C. mada-
gascarensis, in the wing of which the basal cells, with the
exception of their distal extremities, are entirely clear.

Chrysops loydi, sp. 0.

? .—Length (4 specimens) 6-4 to 8 mm.; width of head
2°2 to 2-4 mm.; width of front at vertex 0°6 mm. ; leagth
of antenne 2°6 mm.; length of wing 6°6 to 7 mm.

First joint of antenne ochraceous ; body black, moderately
shining, dorsum of thorax with two conspicuous yellowish-grey,
pollinose, longitudinal stripes ; wings hyaline, a narrow costal
border clove-brown or black, and a broad and sharply dejined
transverse band across middle purplish clove-brown or purplish
black, the purple tinge very noticeable when wings are viewed
at a certain angle; distal margin of transverse band not
angulate, but convex towards tip of wing ; legs slender.

Head black ; front, except frontal callus, clove-brown
ocellar spot and hind border of vertex, two small dark brown
spots connecting frontal callus with base of each antenna,
and a median saffron-yellow pollinose area below frontal
callus and between bases of antennz, ochre- yellow pollinose ;
face, except shining black facial tubercles, and basioccipital
region bright saffron-yellow pollinose; greater part of each
jowl occupied by a large, shining black. area, extending in-
wards from lower margin of eye; basioccipital region and
front behind frontal callus clothed with pale yellow hair ;
upper part of o. ciput with an ochre-yellow pollinose, clong: ate
fleck on each side of median downward extension of ocellar
spot; frontal callus shining black, prominent, roughly oval
in outline, narrowly separated from eye on each side, its
transverse diameter the longer; facial tubercles roughly

24 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

quadrate in outline, separated above by a narrow median
interspace of saffron-yellow pollen, but connected below by
a shining black (sometimes partly shining mummy-brown)
median prolongation , which reaches anterior margin of buccal
cavity; palpi black, inner surface of terminal joint paler,
outer surface of terminal joint elothed with blackish hair ;
first and second joints of antenne clothed with short black
hairs, first joint slightly swollen, second joint dark brown
above and on outer side, more or less ochraceous on lower
part of inner surface and below, third joimt clove-brown.
Thorax: dorsum (including upper surface of scutellum)
covered with short, erect, whitish hair, pleurze and pectus
clothed with longer brown or pale j yellowish hair; admedian,
yellowish-grey, pollinose stripes on dorsum narrow and
sharply defined, commencing on front margin and extending
over anterior two-thirds or three-fourths. -Aédomen uni-
colorous, entirely without markings, clothed above and below
with short, appressed, whitish hair. Wings: extreme base
clove-brown ; first and second basal cells entirely hyaline
except at extreme tips; clove-brown costal border including
costal cells and a narrow edging to costa, extending from
distal margin of transverse band to just bey ond tip of ante-
rior branch of third longitudinal vein ; proximal extremity
of marginal cell infuscated; proximal margin of transverse
band commencing on second longitudinal vein just before
origin of third longitudinal, crossing distal extremity of first
basal cell, just touching proximal angle of discal cell, and
thence passing somewhat obliquely across anterior portion of
distal extremity of second basal cell to meet basal boundary
of fifth posterior cell at about its centre; from this point
proximal margin of transverse band follows basal and
proximal boundaries of fifth posterior cell, passing over into
narrow, distal extremity of anal cell, and reaching hind
margin of wing at tip of latter ; distal margin of transverse
band commencing on costal border a little w ay beyond distal
extremity of stigma, and curving round to meet hind margin
of wing at tip of fourth posterior cell; anal cell usually
closed just before reaching wing-margin. Sguame light
sepia, borders dark sepia. Halteres clove-brown. Legs
clove-brown or dark brown, clothed for most part with
similarly coloured hair ; first. joint of front tarsi, except tip,
burnt-umber-coloured ; ‘first joint of middle and first and
second joints of hind tarsi, except tips, and third joint of
hind and second and third joints of middle tarsi at base
buff-yellow; middle tibiz sometimes raw-umber-coloured,
- distinctly paler than femora; none of the tibie in the
slightest degree incrassate.

Genera and Species of Tabanide. 25

Madagascar : type and three other specimens from Andra-
nolava, Majunga Province, 20-29. xi. 1907 (J. J. Lloyd).

In a note attached to the type the collector wrote :—
“The first specimen of this species that I have ever scen ;
taken while biting me on the hand ; bite not very severe.”

Although agreeing with Chrysops madagascarensis, Ricardo,
in the. shape of the transverse band on the wing, C. lloydi
may at once be distinguished from the species in question,
as well as from its two new congeners described above, by
the ochraceous coloration of the first antennal joint.

Table for the Determination of the Species of Chrysops
at present known to occur in Madagascar.

1. Antenne entirely black........ purer 2.
Antenne not entirely black; first joint
0 an Eee ee lloydi, Austen.
2. Distal margin of dark transverse band
on wing angulate or irregular ...... 3.

Distal margin of dark transverse band
on wing not angulate nor irregular, but
Pre EAN a ate se os eo ooo cte Wafer dis & ajc is madagascarensis, Ricardo.
3. Basal cells in wing, with exception of
a small area near distal extremity
(larger in second than in first basal
cell), entirely filled with dark colour ;
projecting angle on distal margin of
dark transverse band on wing reach-
ing fork of third longitudinal vein ;
Peememuitely black... ......6s+.00s msulensis, Austen.
Basal cells in wing almost entirely
hyaline; projecting angle on distal
margin of dark transverse band on
wing not reaching fork of third longi-
tudinal vein ; legs not entirely black,
PREP CLVAUAWDY Vice cy cee ute ey te aprugna, Austen,

TABANINE.
Genus TaBanus, Linn.

Tabanus kingi, Austen, var. nigrifeminibus, var. n.

? —Length (5 specimens) 14 to 16°5 mm.; wing-expanse
of largest specimen 29°4 mm,

Differing from the typical form of the species chiefly in the
coloration of the frontal callus and of the middle and posterior
femora.

Agreeing with typical form of Tubanus kingi, Austen, as
described and figured (‘ Bulletin of Entomological Research,’
vol.i. pt. 4, pp. 291-293, figs. 1 & 2a, January 1911), except
that:—frontal callus is mummy-brown or dark mummy-

26 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

brown instead of black or clove-brown; upper distal angle of
first joint of antenne is conspicuously tipped with black, being
covered with minute black hairs, and expanded portion of
third joint is sometimes dark brown or brownish, except
perhaps at base ; on dorsum of thorax, especially on scutellum,
the black hair is often more in evidence, giving a darker
effect and rendering the covering of minute, appressed, buff-
yellow hairs less noticeable ; ground- colour of dorsum of
abdomen is usually darker, ‘being dark brown or brownish
instead of tawny-ochraceous or ‘ochraceous ; the series of
oblique, pale marks on dorsum of abdomen, outside admedian
stripes, usually takes the form of clearly defined light grey
spots, which are often distinctly ovate in shape, in which
case they may not reach hind margins of segments on which
they are situated; and, lastly, that ground-colour of all
femora, and not merely of those of front legs, is black.

Abyssinia and the East Africa Protectorate: type of
variety, “caught in tent in daytime,” and one other
specimen, “caught on camel in daytime,’ from Hawash
Valley, Abyssinia, 30. vill. 1908 (Dr. R. E. Drake-Brockman) ;
two additional specimens from Laga Hardin, Abyssinia,

“ caught in tent,” 3, 8.ix. 1908 (Dr. R. E. Drake-Brockman) ;
a fifth specimen from the East Africa Protectorate, between
Lake Rudolf and the boundary of Abyssinia, January—
February, 1910 (N. C. Cockburn). By the courtesy of Baron
J. M. R. Surcouf, the author has been enabled to examine
an additional example of this variety, from Gondar, Abyssinia,
10. ii. 1907 (H. Latham), now in the collection of the Muséum
National d’ Histoire Naturelle, Paris.

The variety described above was formerly referred to by
the author (loc. cit. p. 293) as a “species.” The entire
absence of plastic differences, however, as well as the, in
some respects, intermediate character of the recently acquired
specimen from the East Africa Protectorate (in which,
though all the femora are black, the hairy covering of the
dorsum of the thorax and the shape of the outer greyish
abdominal markings are as in the typical 7. kingi), seems, on
further consideration, scarcely to justify this view.

Tabanus selousi, sp. n.

? .—Length (1 specimen) 12 mm.; width of head 4°2
mm. ; width of front at vertex 0°5 mm.; length of wing
9°75 mm.

Resembling and allied to T. laverani, Surcouf (?T. uni-
lineatus, Lw.), but distinguished by the shape and considerably

Genera and Species of Tabanide. 27

greater breadth of the median stripe on the dorsum of the
abdomen, by the stripe being interrupted (concealed by minute
black hairs) on the anterior portion of the second segment, and
by the pale border on each side of the dorsum of the abdomen
being narrower.

Head whitish-grey pollinose, face, jowls, and basioccipital
region clothed with whitish hair; front of moderate breadth,
inner margins of eyes bordering it converging slightly
below ; frontal callus mummy-brown, oblong, longer than
broad, and close above it in middle line an upwardly directed,
dark brown, elliptical callus, marked with a median groove ;
palpi greyish ochraceous-buff, proximal joint clothed with
whitish hair, terminal joint viewed from side rather broad
at base, tapering to a fairly sharp point at distal extremity,
clothed above and on outer side with minute, shining,
whitish or yellowish-white hairs, interspersed with minute
black hairs; first and second joints of antenne ochraceous-
buff (third joint missing in case of type). Thorar as in
T. laverani, Surconf (dorsum seal-brown, thinly clothed with
greyish pollen, and with sides and two broad admedian
stripes, commencing on frout margin and meeting at tip of
scutellum, grey pollinose and clothed with pale yellowish
or whitish hair; pleuree and pectus grey, clothed with
whitish hair), Abdomen : dorsum chestnut-brown, darker
on fourth and following segments, with a whitish-grey
pollimose median stripe, which extends from base of first
to hind margin of fifth segment, and on third and two
following segments is composed of a series of truncate
triangles, each of which has its base resting on the hind
margin of its segment, and its forwardly directed apex cut
off by the hind margin of the preceding segment; the
triangles on the third and fourth segments are rather broad,
and their bases approximately equal in length, while the
base of the triangle on the fifth segment is conspicuously
shorter, so that on that segment the stripe appears to be
suddenly narrowed ; on second segment, where stripe is
constricted in middle and, except at extreme base and on
distal half, concealed by minute black hairs, stripe is much
narrower than on distal halves of two following segments ;
on first segment base of stripe takes the shape of a median
blotch, which, anteriorly as broad as scutellum, tapers to
hind margin; except where covered on second segment with
minute black hairs, the stripe is clothed with minute,
appressed, pale yellowish hairs (on hind margin of first
segment in middle line the pale yellowish hairs are some-
what longer) ; sixth segment with a very narrow, almost

28 Mr. BE. E. Austen on new

linear, drab-grey median stripe, inconspicuous by comparison
with the truncate median triangles on the third, fourth, and
fifth segments; extreme hind margins of second and
following segments drab-grey ; lateral borders of dorsum
buff, clothed with whitish-grey pollen and silvery-white hair,
and narrowing from base to tip; dark area of dorsum
clothed with minute black hairs; ventral surface of first six
segments ochraceous-buff, clothed with minute, appressed,
pale yellowish hairs, fifth and sixth segments with a dark
greyish blotch on each side; ventral surface of seventh
segment dark grey, clothed with the usual, erect, coarse
black hairs, and with minute, appressed, pale yellowish
hairs on each side. Wings with a faint sepiaceous tinge,
anal cell raw-umber-coloured ; veins mummy-brown, rather
coarse-looking ; stigma long, mummy-brown, sharply defined
and conspicuous. Sqguame sepia-coloured, fringed with
minute, pale yellowish hairs. Halteres: knobs yellowish-
white, stalks buff. Legs: femora and tibie cinnamon-
coloured, light grey pollinose, and clothed with pale yellowish
or whitish hair; distal halves of front tibize brown, hind
femora mouse-grey above and at base; front tarsi clove-
brown, second, third, and fourth joints considerably ex-
panded ; middle and hind tarsi dark brown, extreme base of
secoud and following joints, and first joimt except tip
cinnamon-coloured.

Anglo-Egyptian Sudan: Bahr-el-Ghazal, about thirty
miles west of Rumbek, “on or near the Khor Gorman, in
the neighbourhood of Yei’s village,” 18. ii. 1911 (FL C.
Selous).

It may be mentioned that it would seem probable that
Tabanus laverani, Sureouf, to which reference is made in
the diagnosis of the species described above, is in reality
T. unilineatus, Lw., but that the description of the latter
(Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1852, p. 658) is so incomplete
as to render absolutely certain determination impossible.
T. laverani was met with by Mr. Selous in some numbers
at the same place and on the same date as the type of the
species just described, and was also found plentifully at
other localities in the vicinity. Although 7. laverani was
formerly regarded as a purely West African species, the
Museum collection now includes specimens of it from the
Bahr-el-Ghazal, Nyasaland Protectorate, and Portuguese
East Africa, besides others from the localities in West
Africa recorded by the present writer in his ‘ Illustrations
of African Blood-sucking Flies’ (1909).

Genera and Species of Tabanide. 29

Tabanus xanthomelas, nom. nov., for

Tabanus leucaspis, v. d. Wulp, ‘Notes from the Leyden Museum,’
vol. vii. p. 74, pl. 5. fig. 3 (1885) (mee Wiedemann, 1828)—nomen
bis lectum.

Material received from various parts of Africa during the
last two years shows that Tabanus leucaspis, v. d. Wulp (nec
Wied.), which was formerly considered by the present
writer to be identical with 7. pluto, Walk.*, is after all
distinct from that species. The name Jleucaspis having
previously been employed by Wiedemann for a Tadbanus
from Brazil, the designation of van der Wulp’s species must
be changed.

Tabanus xanthomelas can be distinguished from T. pluto,
Walk., by its abdominal markings. In the case of the
former species, the yellowish area, clothed with chrome-
yellow hairs, on each side of the dorsal surface of the
abdomen terminates abruptly on the hind margin of the
third segment, while in that of the latter the corresponding
area is continued on to the fourth segment, usually as
far as the hind margin, and sometimes even extends on
io the fifth segment. In 7. pluto, too, the black median
longitudinal stripe separating the two yellow areas is much
broader and has sharply defined edges, while in 7. xantho-
melas the intervening stripe is less than half the width of
that in 7. pluto, besides being more or less ill-defined and
incomplete, the areas clothed with chrome-yellow or Naples-
yellow hair having a marked tendency to fuse together. In
fact, in well- preserved specimens of 7. zanthomelas, the
median stripe may be reduced to a triangular or elongate
black spot on the hind margins of the second and third
segments, or even to a single spot on the hind margin of
the former segment.

Tabanus xanthomelas, the type of which was stated to be
from the Gold Coast, is represented in the National Col-
lection by specimens from Portuguese Congo, the Congo
Free State, the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (Mongalla Province),
and the Uganda and Nyasaland Protectorates. Tubanus
pluto, Walk., the Museum examples of which are from Sierra
Leone and the Sierra Leone Protectorate, Liberia, and
Northern and Southern Nigeria, would, so far as present
knowledge goes, appear to be purely West African.

* Cf. Austen, ‘Illustrations of African Blood-sucking Flies,’ p. 92
(1909).

30 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

Tabanus producticornis, sp. 0.

?.—Length (1 specimen) 11°6 mm.; width of head
4.mm.; width of front at vertex just under 1 mm.; length
of antennz 2°4 mm, (length of third joint 1-6 mm.); length
of wing 10°2 mm.

Rather small species, with abnormally long and slender third
antennal joint.—Front broad, inner margins of eyes bounding
it almost parallel, diverging very slightly below; frontal callus
very large, prominent, shining clove-brown, quadrate in outline
when viewed from in front, except that its upper margin is
produced in middle line into an upwardly directed angle ;
dorsum of thorax greyish olive, unstriped ; dorsum of abdomen
blackish slate-coloured, cinnamon-rufous on each side at base,
hind borders of all segments cream-buff or greyish cream-
coloured pollinose; wings hyaline, costal cells and stigma
mummy-brown, anterior branch of third longitudinal vein
anygulate at base and provided with a backwardly directed
appendia.

Head: front only about two and one-third times as long
as broad, buff pollinose above callus, subcallus cream-butf
pollinose ; face, jowls, and basioccipital region whitish grey,
clothed with white hair; occiput smoke-grey ; frontal callus
in contact with eye on each side below; palpi cream-

+]
coloured, first joint clothed below with long white hair,
terminal jomt remarkably small, acuminate, clothed on outer
side with appressed, silvery-white hairs, interspersed towards
tip with minute black hairs; first joint of antenne long,
ochraceous-rufous (ochraceous-buff at base), upper distal
angle not produced; second joint of antennz short, also
without a prominent upper distal angle; third joint remark-
ably long, narrow, and almost straight, expanded basal
portion ochraceous-rufous, as viewed from the side the
upper and lower margins of its proximal extremity almost
parallel, the angle on the upper margin of the expanded
basal portion not prominent, situate just before the middle
of this section of the joint; terminal annuli of third joint
clove-brown, styliform, together about one and a half times
as long as expanded portion of joint; last annulus especially
elongate, about three-quarters as long as the three preceding
annuli taken together. Thorax: dorsum clothed with fine,
erect, blackish hair, mixed with ochre-yellow hairs ; dorsal
surface of scutellum grey, olivaceous at base; pleure and
pectus light grey, clothed with white hair. Abdomen :
dorsal surface of first three segments, except hind borders,

cinnamon-rufous on each side; lateral borders of dorsal

Genera and Species of Tabanidee. 31

scutes (invisible from above) buff, narrowing from base of
abdomen to distal extremity, and clothed with white or
yellowish-white hair; posterior angles of fourth, fifth, and
sixth segments clothed with yellowish hair; ventral surface
greyish cream-buff, clothed with appressed yellowish or
whitish hair (seventh segment mouse-grey, clothed with
black hair), hind borders of third to fifth segments inclusive
cream-coloured pollinose. JWVings: veins dark brown or
mummy-brown ; stigma elongate, somewhat darker than
costal cells, the latter together with the stigma constituting
an abbreviated coloured border, which forms a conspicuous
contrast with the colourless remainder of the wing. Squame
light drab. Halteres: knobs cream-buff, somewhat darker
at base ; stalks ochraceous-buff. Legs: coxe grey, clothed
with white hair; femora and tibize cinnamon, femora clothed
with white hair and more or less grey at base, under surfaces
and distal extremities of front tibiz dark brown or brownish ;
front tarsi not expanded, clove-brown (first joint dark
brown) ; last two joints and tips of first three joints of
middle and hind tarsi dark brown, remainder of middle and
hind tarsi cinnamon.

Portuguese East Africa : Umbelusi River, 20 miles south
of Lorenzo Marques, December 1910 (C. W. Howard).

The awl-like shape and relatively great length of the
third joint of the antennz give this species an altogether
unusual appearance, and will alone suffice to prevent
confusion with any other African TYabanus at present
known.

Tabanus minuscularius, sp. u.

? .—Length (2 specimens) 86 to 10 mm,; width of
head 3 to 3°6 mm.; width of front at vertex 0°75 mm. ;
length of wing 7°2 to 8:2 mm.

Small, dusky species, with conspicuously grey-striped thorax,
and dorsum of abdomen marked with an ill-defined, yellowish-
grey, median, longitudinal stripe, and, midway between this
and lateral margin on each side, a sharply defined and some-
times broader stripe of lighter grey, more or less distinctly
composed of a series of elongate spots.

Head: front yellowish- grey pollinose, parallel-sided,
relatively rather broad (its length about two and one-half
times its breadth), subcallus cream buff pollinose, ground-
colour of subcallus ochraceous-buff; face, jowls, and basi-
occipital region whitish grey, clothed with white hair ;
occiput grey, posterior orbits yellowish grey ; frontal callus

32 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

shining clove-brown, transversely oblong, extending from
eye to eye ; on vertex is a shining black transverse mark,
also extending from eye to eye, and perhaps partly due to
rubbing; midway between mark on vertex and callus is a
dull, clove-brown or black, transverse band, of approximately
same size as callus, and extending from eye to eye; eyes
banded ; palpi cream-buff or cream-coloured, proximal joint
somewhat greyish and clothed with white hair, terminal
joint viewed from the side curved lanceolate, clothed on
outer side with minute, appressed, shining yellowish-white
hairs, mixed with minute black hairs; first and second
joints of antenne ochraceous-buff, short, clothed with short,
black hairs, their upper distal angles not produced ; expanded
portion of the third joint of antenne ochraceous-rufous,
viewed from side sometimes rather broad, terminal annuli
of third joint clove-brown (the three proximal annuli somes
times paler). Zhorax: dorsum dark olive-brown, greyish
in front, thinly clothed with minute, appressed, shining
buff-yellow hairs mixed with some blackish hairs, light
grey on each side from humeral callus to scutellum, with
three narrow, light grey, longitudinal stripes, and on each
side a shorter and broader grey stripe, which extends from
posterior margin of triangular depression at end of trans-
verse suture to postalar callus; the three light grey stripes
in the centre all start from the front margin, but while the
median stripe becomes indistinct beyond the transverse
suture, the paired stripes (which posteriorly, at any rate, are
somewhat broader than the median one) are ertire ; dorsal
surface of scutellum grey on each side, more or less olive-
brown in centre, its hairy covering similar to that of remainder
of dorsum; swelling occupying triangular depression at
each end of transverse suture isabella-coloured, clothed
below with longer dark brown or black hair, and above with
short yellowish hair; pleuree and pectus light grey (meso-
and sternopleurze sometimes with traces of isabella-colour),
clothed with whitish hair. Abdomen: dorsum dark olive-
brown, clothed on each side and on median stripe with
minute, appressed, yellowish hairs, extreme hind margins of
all segments, except first, yellowish-grey pollinose ; first
segment grey on each side; midway between median line
and lateral margin is, on each side, a longitudinal series
of elongate grey spots, each spot with its base resting on
the hind margin of the preceding segment, the two series
thus forming a pair of ggrey stripes (considerably broader
than the stripes on the thorax), which, commencing at the
base of the second segment, terminate on the sixth segment

Genera and Species of Tabanide. 33
before reaching the hind margin, though, when the abdomen
is viewed at a low angle from behind, a small grey spot,
representing the end of the corresponding stripe, is some-
times indistinctly visible on the seventh segment, on each
side of the middle line ; the inner edge of the spots on the
second, third, and fourth segments is somewhat oblique, and
the spots on the fourth and fifth as well as those on the
subsequent segments may not reach the hind margins ;
median stripe continuous, deeper in colour, less clearly
defined, and sometimes narrower than the grey stripes just
described, commencing at base of abdomen and dying away
on sixth segment ; venter light grey, clothed with minute,
appressed, yellowish hairs, hind margins of segments cream-
buff. JWVings hyaline, costa dark brown, other veins mummy-
brown ; stigma elongate, mummy-brown or raw-umber-
coloured. Halteres: knobs cream-coloured, stalks somewhat
darker. Legs: cox grey, clothed with whitish hair; front
femora slate-grey, clothed with appressed whitish hair, mixed
with longer, erect, black hairs; middle and hind femora
isabella-coloured or drab, with a dark grey or dark greyish-
brown band on distal third; tibiz buff, clothed (except tips
of front tibize and posterior surface of tips of hind tibiz)
with minute, appressed, glistening yellowish-white hairs,
distal fourth of front tibize clove-brown, tips of hind tibiz
brown ; front tarsi clove-brown, three middle joints slightly
expanded ; middle and hind tarsi seai-brown or dark mummy-
brown, first and second joints of hind tarsi, except tips,
sometimes paler.

Portuguese East Africa: Umbelusi River, 20 miles south
of Lorenzo Marques, December 1910 (C. W. Howard).

In size and general appearance the species described above,
which belongs to Surcout’s “ Thirteenth Group,” is not
unlike the typical form of Tabanus sufis, Jaenn., although
distinguishable, infer alia, by the front being of uniform
breadth, instead of noticeably wider above; by the much
darker coloration of the frontal callus, &c.; by each of the
paired grey abdominal stripes being practically continuous,
instead of broken up into a series of oblique spots; by the
wings having a distinct stigma; by the anterior branch of
the third longitudinal vein not being angulate nor provided
with an appendix at the base ; and by the wings lacking the
conspicuous infuscation of certain veins or portions of veins

that is characteristic of 7. siufis.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. ix.

34 Mr, W. Schaus on

II.—New Species of Heterocera from Costa Rica.—XII.
By W. Scuaus, F.Z.8.

Syntomide.

Loxophlebia peralta, sp. n.

S$. Palpi black. Head and collar black-brown; some
white scaling on frons. ‘Thorax and abdomen blue-black ;
some brown dorsally on abdomen at base; a large crimson
spot on patagia. Legs black-brown; some white irrorations
on fore coxe and tarsi inwardly. Wings hyaline; veins,
base, and margins black, expanding at apex and tornus ; the
discocellular rather broadly black. Hind wings: veins and
margins black, widest at apex.

Expanse 26 mm.

Hab. Peralta, Tuis.

Lowxophlebia flavipicta, sp. n.

gd. Palpi and vertex black; frons white. Thorax and
abdomen orange-yellow ; a large spot dorsally on middle of
abdomen and last two segments black, both with a few dark
metallic scales. Legs yellow, part of tibiz and tarsi brown.
Wings hyaline. Fore wings: base yellow, followed by a
black spot on inner margin, and a black streak on costa to
discocellular, which is also rather broadly black; a black
spot at tornus; apex black ; costa postmedially, outer margin
from vein 2 to near 4, and inner margin medially bright
yellow, also veins 3-6 from just beyond cell; median and
vein 2 black. Hind wings: veins and inner margin to
beyond vein 2 yellow, with a black streak at anal angle and
black at base of vein 2; apical part of outer margin broadly
black.

Expanse 20 mm.

Hab. Tuis, Sixola.

Chrostosoma patricia, sp. 0.

@?. Palpi and legs brown-black. Frons metallic blue;
vertex black, irrorated with blue. Collar and thorax black-
brown ; a blue spot on tegule and on meso- and metathorax ;
a crimson spot on shoulders. Abdomen above black, with
subdorsal crimson spots at base and lateral metallic-blue
spots; ventrally white. Coxz with white spots, the fore
cox opalescent white. Wings hyaline, the veins black.

oe > = =

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 35

Fore wings: a broad medial black band, expanding along
inner margin to tornus; an apical black patch from just
below vein 5. Hind wings: the outer margin broadly black
at apex, narrowing to anal angle.

Expanse 29 mm.

Hab. Sitio, Juan Vinas.

Chrostosoma fumosa, sp. N.

3. Body black ; a crimson spot on shoulders, on patagia,
and dorsally on abdomen at base. Fore wings semihyaline,
smoky brown; the veins and cilia black; the outer margin
narrowly suffused with black. Hind wings semibhyaline
black.

Expanse 25 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

Cosmosoma galbana, sp. 0.

6. Palpi, frons, and antenna brown; vertex black.
Collar, thorax, and abdomen yellow; last segment black,
expanding dorsally on previous segment. Legs chiefly light
brown; coxe yellow; hind tarsi yellowish buff. Wings
hyaline ; some yellow at base, followed by black; veins and
outer margins black, expanding at apices and at tornus.

Expanse 33 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Sitio.

Cosmosoma thia, sp. n.

3. Palpi, head, collar, thorax, and legs dark brown ;
some metallic-blue shadings on frons and tegule; the cox
shaded with blue-black. Abdomen bright yellow, the last
two segments black. Wings hyaline; the veins and margins
black, expanding at apices and at tornus; a rather heavy
angled black line on discocellular.

Expanse 29 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Sitio.

Cosmosoma galatea, sp. n.

3. Palpi, collar, thorax, and legs black ; frons white ;
two white spots on vertex; white spots on tegule and
patagia ; throat and base of fore coxw white. Abdomen
deep yellow ; last four segments above black, shaded with
steel-blue; below only last two segments black. Wings

hyaline, the veins and margins black. Tore wings: the
2%

36 Mr. W. Schaus on

base black ; the apex and termen along vein 2 more broadly
black.

Expanse 29 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Guapiles, Tuis.

Belongs near zurcheri, Dr., having the ventral valve and
black thorax, but otherwise very different.

Saurita improvisa, sp. n.

@. Head black, the frons irrorated with whitish-grey
hairs, and an angled line of similar hairs on vertex. Tegulz
black, edged with whitish grey. Thorax orange, some black,
with a white spot anteriorly; patagia black. Abdomen
orange; a black band at base, interrupted dorsally. Legs
fuscous brown, faintly streaked with white. Wings brownish
hyaline, thinly scaled on outer third ; veins and cilia fuscous
brown.

Expanse 24 mm.
Hab. Juan Vinas.
Allied to Saurita ochracea, Feld.

Arctiade.
Subfamily Norm.

Nola mata, sp. n.

Head, collar, and thorax dark brown. Abdomen greyish
brown. Fore wings: basal half brown; cell-tufts violaceous
black ; a faint whitish, antemedial, perpendicular line from
within cell; outer half lighter brown, especially before post-
medial, which is fine, white, edged with dark brown, out-
curved beyond cell and again on submedian; a deeply wavy
subterminal dark brown shade outwardly edged with white
scales. Cilia brownish, with dark irrorations and some
whitish scales at base. Hind wings whitish, shaded with
grey terminally. Hind wings below whitish, irrorated with
olive-brown ; a black discal spot; a broad postmedial dark
line; a fine terminal line.

Expanse 23:mm.

flab. Poas.

Nola sperata, sp. n.

9. Palpi brown, broadly tipped with white. Head,
collar, and thorax white, irrorated with black. Abdomen
fuscous grey, with white segmental lines. Fore wings
white, with a few fuscous-brown irrorations ; cell-tufts

—_

Lleterocera from Costa Rica. 37

brown, edged with white ; base of costa brown, followed by
a small brown spot from which the fine black antemedial line
starts and is angled in cell, wavy below it, and much thick-
ened just below median; a fuscous medial line outwardly
oblique, punctiform below discocellular, followed on costa by
a triangular grey-brown spot; postmedial fine, brown, out-
curved beyond cell, with velvety black spots on veins ; sub-
terminal brown spots, outwardly oblique from costa, and
confluent on costa and above inner margin, the spot on vein 5
inset ; terminal brown shade with white spots between veins.
Hind wings grey, darkest terminally ; a fuscous spot on
discocellular.

Expanse 22 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Zent.

Nola biumbrata, sp. 0.

@. Palpi grey, with dark irrorations laterally. Body
lilacine grey; whitish segmental lines on abdomen. Fore
wings brownish grey, thinly irrorated with dark brown ; lines
dark brown, broad ; antemedial angled in cell, close to dark
cell-spot and inwardly oblique to inner margin; a dark
medial shade on costa; postmedial lunular, dentate, from
below costa to middle of inner margin; a faint subterminal
line indicated by irrorations. Hind wings whitish grey,
thinly scaled; a faint fuscous line on discocellular and
indistinct postmedial points on veins.

Expanse 23 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Nola artata, sp. n.

@. Palpi light brown. Head, collar, and thorax white ;
some dark irrorations on head and shoulders. Abdomen
whitish grey. Fore wings whitish grey, with a few dark
irrorations forming indistinct antemedial and postmedial
lines ; base of costa and a spot medially dark brown and
three dark points towards apex; the termen shaded with
brown ; terminal dark streaks between veins 4 and tornus.
Hind wings fuscous grey.

Expanse 13 mm.

Hab. Tuis, Juan Vinas.

Allied to .V. apera, Druce, but without the distinct post-
medial row of spots.

38 Mr. W. Schaus on

Subfamily Agcrrayz.
Pheomolis lepida, sp. n.

?. Palpi yellow, tipped with fuscous grey, and streaked
above with fuscous grey edged with red. Head yellow; an
outcurved dark line across vertex. Collar yellow, partly
dark edged in front. Thorax dark red, with yellow spots,
irregularly yellow in front; patagia with a large lilacine
grey spot, edged with dull red. Abdomen crimson above,
with some yellow at base, white underneath. Legs out-
wardly yellow, with red-edged grey spots at joints. Fore
wings yellow; the basal third and inner margin to tornus
dark lilacine grey, cut by red veins, leaving the extreme
costa yellow; a subbasal triangular yellow space from costa
across cell, enclosing a small dark spot; an antemedial
oblique line below submedian, joining on inner margin a
fine yellow medial line inbent from vein 2, inset and angled
at cell and vein 2, and forming a small spot in cell; all the
yellow portions separated from the dark portions by fine red
edgings ; dark red-edged spots at end of cell and a streak on
subcostal, followed by four small spots from veins 3-8 ; an
outer row of larger spots, geminate above vein 6, suffusing
between 5 and 6 into an elongated spot, all more or less edged
with red; smaller irregular marginal spots between the
veins tipped with red. Hind wings roseate; a fuscous
shade on anal half of outer margin.

Expanse 40 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis, Sixola, Avangarez.

Halisidota einctipes fumosa, subsp. n.

3. Palpi and frons black. Vertex, collar, thorax, and
fore wings fawn-colour ; collar behind, thorax medially, and
patagia dorsally edged with green ; a black streak on patagia ;
abdomen ochreous buff above, with lateral black spots; body
below fawn-colour, the legs with black spots. Fore wings:
markings light brown, edged with black; the veins black
where crossing spots; a basal and antemedial spot on costa,
connected by streaks on subcostal, in cell, and on median
nervure, also a triangular spot below cell, not reaching base
nor extending below submedian; a sinuous medial band
crossed by black streaks in cell and on fold; a U-shaped,
black-edged, ochreous discocellular spot and a small spot on
costa above it; irregular subterminal spots from vein 3 to
inner margin and from 4 to 7; irregular terminal spots; all

TTeterocera from Costa Rica. 39

the costal spots tinged with ochreous. Hind wing semi-
hyaline whitish fawn, clouded with fuscous, chiefly along
inner margin ; cilia mostly black from vein 2 to anal angle.

Expanse 50 mm.

Hab. Sixola, Juan Vinas.

The specimen from Juan Vinas has an antemedial black
point on inner margin ; the medial band expands in cell and
suffuses with discocellular spot, and the subterminal spots
are connected by a spot between veins 3 and 4.

Virbia fluminea, sp. n.

d. Head and body above dark brown; legs greyish
brown ; abdomen below dark grey; some crimson laterally
on neck and below head; a lateral yellow spot on thorax
below. Fore wings above dark brown ; underneath with a
large yellow median spot not reaching costa. Hind wings
above black ; a large postmedial yellow spot from costa to
just below vein 3, its inner edge straight, and leaving the
outer margin rather narrowly black. Underneath duller
black ; the spot as above ; some yellow at base of costa.

Expanse 25 mm.

Hab, Sixola River.

Allied to V. subapicalis, Wk.

Lymantriade.

Turuenna electa, sp. n.
3. Palpi brownish grey, tipped with white. Head,

collar, and thorax roseate grey. Abdomen roseate above, °
greyish brown underneath. Wings brownish grey. Fore
wings: the base tinged with roseate; antemedial space
tinged with olive-brown and crossed by a faint lilacine shade,
limited by a fine dark line, incurved from fold to inner
margin; medial space tinged faintly with lilacine; a dark
shade at end of cell, followed by a brownish shade from costa
to inner margin; the postmedial line fine, olive-brown, in-
curved on costa, angled at vein 7 and straight to inner
margin, inwardly shaded with lilacine ; apical third of costa
brown; a subterminal dark sinuous line. Underneath lila-
cine grey, the inner margin broadly whitish grey, traces of
postmedial and subterminal lines on fore wings. Hind
wings: the costal margin rather darker; a broad postmedial
brown shade from costa to end of cell, followed by a fine
lunular wavy line not reaching inner margin, and a sub-
terminal shade from vein 6 to anal angle.

40 Mr. W. Schaus on

Expanse 42 mm.

Female: Head, collar, and thorax lilacine; a medial dark
Jine. Abdomen roseate buff. Fore wings: the dark portions
olive-brown, tinged with reddish on apical area; the base,
antemedial shade, a broad shade beyond medial line, and
narrow shades before pestmedial and subterminal lines, also
the termen, distinctly lilacine. Hind wings roseate buff;
traces of an interrupted dark subterminal shade. Wings
below buff, heavily shaded with lilacine, the postmedial
shades and lines, also the outer margins, especially of fore
wings, violaceous.

Expanse 58 mm.

Hab. Cartago, Juan Vinas.

Turuenna festiva, sp. 0.

3. Palpi dark brown, shaded above with buff. Head,
collar, and thorax dull buff, with a medial darker shade.
Abdomen roseate ochre above ; a fuscous dorsal line; under-
neath dark violaceous. Fore wings: the base greyish buff,
followed by a broad dull olive shade inwardly oblique from
costa; the antemedial space darker than the base and crossed
by a fine dark line ; a distinct medial olive-brown line, some-
what incurved, followed by a dark buff space expanding to
postmedial below vein 4, crossed by a vague olive shade,
which is broad and darker from vein 4 to costa ; the apical
area also dull olivaceous; a black discal point ; the post-
medial line distinct, fine, dark olive, oblique from costa and
angled at vein 7 ; the subterminal Jine sinuous, shaded with
butf from vein 5 to inner margin. Hind wings: the costal
half fuscous; the inner half yellowish buff. Fore wings
below yellowish buff; the costa and a broad postmedial
shade from vein 6 to costa violaceous, the latter followed by
a dark curved line from costa to vein 4; the apex lilacine.
Hind wings below : above median and vein 3 dark lilacine,
with broad postmedial violaceous shade and a fine dark line ;
below cell and vein 3 yellowish buff; traces of an interrupted
subterminal line.

Jixpanse 36 mm.

Female: Abdomen ochreous. Fore wings lilacine; the
lines fine, dark olive-brown; the shadings olive-brown, not
so heavy as in the male. Hind wings yellowish buff; an
indistinct postmedial line and a subterminal row of black
spots. Underneath brownish buff, with the dark shadings
much reduced. Fore wings: the outer margin shaded with
purplish ; the lines visible, the subterminal straight, not

So”

Fleterocera from Costa Rica. 41

sinuous. Hind wings: the postmedial shade very narrow
on costa, followed by a faint line ; subterminal black spots
as above.

Expanse 51 mm.

Hab, Juan Vinas, Tuis, San José.

Lasiocampide.
Claphe braganzoides, sp. n.

g. Body brown; a white patch laterally on tegula and
patagia. Fore wings white, irrorated with brown above
cell; a subbasal triangular brown spot on costa and cell; an
interrupted geminate antemedial brown line; two dark points
on discocellular; a geminate postmedial line outcurved
below costa, the outer portion terminating at vein 3; inner
margin brown, separated from white space by a darker
brown shade; outer margin below vein 4 brown from post-
medial line, narrowly brown from +4 to just above 6; an
elongated brown spot on costa beyond postmedial ;_ sub-
terminal dark brown spots, outwardly edged by a lunular
white line, obsolescent between 2 and 3; cilia dark brown,
with white points at veins. Hind wings brown; the costa
broadly white, not reaching termen, irrorated and crossed by
brown lines. Underneath brown; subterminal whitish lines
near apices.

Expanse 35 mm.

Female: Fore wings white, thinly irrorated with brown ;
the inner margin and termen narrowly brown; a brown spot
on costa towards apex ; an inbent geminate brown line from
vein 3 to inner margin; subterminal brown spots outwardly
edged by a broad lunular white shade. Hind wings with
the costal white area without lines and slightly irrorated
with brown.

Expanse 44 mm.

Hab. Tuis, Sixola.

Allied to C. braganza, Schs.

Claphe phedonioides, sp. n.

3d. Head, collar, and patagia mottled brown and grey.
Thorax and dorsal spot at base of abdomen fuscous brown.
Abdomen ochreous buff. Fore wings whitish grey, thinly
irrorated with brown; postmedial white streaks on veins,
preceded by dark brown streaks, and an oblique brown shade
on costa; the veins on terminal third more heavily irrorated
with brown ; a subterminal, deeply dentate, dark grey line;

42 Mr. W. Schaus on

cilia brownish, with indistinct white spots; a medial fuscous
spot on inner margin. Hind wings similar, the inner margin
broadly ochreous brown ; a faint medial fuscous line.

Expanse 37 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis.

Allied to C. phedonia, Stoll, but smaller, paler, and with
the wings less produced.

Claphe juliana, sp. n.

3. Body and fore wings dark fuscous grey, faintly tinged
with brown ; hind tarsi whitish. Fore wings: a black spot
at end of cell; a fine, dark, antemedial, slightly curved line,
marked with whitish buff on costa; a postmedial faintly
darker shade marked with whitish buff on costa and inner.
margin; a similar pale shade at tornus. Hind wings greyish
white; the veins finely dark grey; the costal and inner
margins broadly fuscous grey, tinged with brown, crossed
by a postmedial pale shade.

Expanse 42 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

Closely allied to C. giulia, Schs., but larger, and with
lines of fore wing more obsolete.

Titye perplexa, sp. n.

3. Body whitish buff, with brown shades on head, collar,
and posterior half of abdomen dorsally ; the anal hairs dark
brown. Fore wings buff-brown; the basal third of veins
and inner margin whitish, more thickly scaled and irrorated
with brown; a fine medial and postmedial brown line,
almost touching on submedian; the postmedial outcurved
below costa and followed by a fine geminate parallel brown
line; the apex suffused with fuscous; the subterminal space
from vein 8 to submedian rather broadly whitish ; a terminal
white line ; a black point at end of cell. Hind wings whitish
buff, darkest along inner margin; an indistinct postmedial
brownish shade, expanding below vein 4.

Expanse 28 mm.

?. Body greyish buff, the thorax, base of abdomen dor-
sally, and anal hairs tinged with light reddish brown. Fore
wings grey ; an antemedial brown line, outbent from sub-
costal to inner margin, followed by a fine lilacine white line ;
a large dark brown patch in cell, and a still broader dark
brown space from cell to inner margin, the latter space shaded
with dull red close to cell, and limited by a whitish line
below cell ; a dark point at end of cell; the postmedial space

ee

Fleterocera from Costa Rica. 43

to subterminal shaded with lilacine brown and crossed by
darker semilunar spots forming a line; the subterminal
whitish, inangled at vein 5; apical black spots between 8
and 10; a terminal white line. Hind wings buff-grey,
faintly darker postmedially ; veins and cilia light brown.

Expanse 37 mm.

fab. Sitio, Tuis.

Closely allied to J’. nana, Dr., the male tinged with brown
instead of grey, the female having the dark space in cell.

Saturniade,
Copaxa curvilinea, sp. n.

6. Head black. Collar whitish grey. Thorax, abdomen,
and wings dull brown. Tore wings: costa to beyond middle
greyish buff ; faint traces of a dark antemedial line; a round
hyaline spot at end of cell, outwardly edged by a black and
ochreous line ; a fine dark line from vein 7 near termen, in-
curved to inner margin beyond middle, outwardly edged with
whitish lilacine from vein 6 ; the outer margin very faintly
tinged with lilacine. Hind wings: a dark straight ante-
medial line ; a smaller hyaline spot more broadly edged with
ochreous; a postmedial dark brown shade, followed by
whitish lilacine streaks and black points on veins, the latter
connected by a faint dark lunular line ; subterminal whitish
points on veins.

Expanse 102 mm.

Hab, Guapiles, Sixola.

Gamelia musta, sp. n.

3. Palpi brown; a lateral black streak. Frons reddish
brown ; vertex, collar, and thorax brown, the patagia tinged
with reddish. Abdomen above fuscous, shaded with dark
brown dorsally. Body below bright reddish brown. Fore
wings: basal third dark reddish brown, limited by a fuscous-
brown shade, divided by buff irrorations, inset below cell,
and then outcurved; wing otherwise brownish, strongly
tinged with lilacine ; a buff line, edged on either side with
black from apex to inner margin near tornus; a bright small
ochreous spot at end of cell, crossed by a fine dark line; a
reddish-brown subterminal shade towards costa before line.
Hind wings greyish buff, dark-shaded along inner margin ;
ocellus large, crimson, containing a white spot, and broadly
edged with black, which is sharply produced towards outer

A4 Mr. W. Schaus on

margin across a fuscous-grey outer curved line; a sub-
terminal fuscous shade from apex, expanding towards inner
margin, but well above anal angle; outer margin brown,
tinged with lilacine. Fore wings below pale roseate brown ;
a large black spot at end of cell; the outer line indistinct,
fuscous, faintly geminate. Hind wings below bright reddish
brown, darkest on outer margin; a lilacine straight line,
outwardly shaded with dark reddish brown from termen at
vein 6 to inner margin at two-thirds from base; a black
point at end of cell.

Hixpanse 68 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Oxytenis albilunulata, sp. n.

¢. Head, thorax, and fore wings dark violaceous brown.
Abdomen above fuscous brown. Body brownish buff below.
Tore wings: the costa arched, slightly produced at apex; a
fine darker antemedial line, irregularly outcurved to middle
of inner margin; black points shaded with white at end of
cell; a fuscous postmedial shade angled between 6 and 7; a
fine reddish-brown line from costa near apex to inner margin
well beyond middle, followed by a subterminal fine lunular
white line and marginal whitish irrorations from vein 5 to
tornus, partly interrupted by dark spots ; a white line along
base of cilia. Hind wings brighter, irrorated with whitish
except on costal and anal area; the costa bufi-brown ; the
reddish-brown line of fore wing continued to middle of inner
margin ; a dentate black postmedial line ; subterminal black
spots. Wings below butf-brown, palest at base; the veins
clear buff ; a subterminal black shade, reaching apex on fore
wings ; some marginal black spots on hind wings.

Expanse 52 mm.

Hab. Carillo, Sitio.

The specimen from Sitio is light brown, the marginal
lunules and irrorations less distinct, but evidently represents
the same species.

Dysdemonia nobilis, sp. n.

G. Palpi, head, tibise, tarsi, and part of fore coxe dark
brown. Collar and thorax greenish grey. Abdomen above
greyish, Fore wings even more produced than usual and
deeply crenulate below vein 5, greenish grey ; an outwardly
oblique broad green antemedial shade from below cell,
followed by a similar medial shade from costa faintly edged
with darker green; an almost round hyaline spot on outer

— oy

FHeterocera from Costa Rica. 45

side of discocellular, with a dark brown spot above it and one
below it, the same size as the hyaline spot ; a minute hyaline
spot follows the upper brown spot ; a broad postmedial green
shade, slightly inbent and not quite touching the lower
brown spot ; an outer fine fuscous line outcurved below costa
and almost perpendicular from vein 4, followed above vein 2
by a large olive-green spot and below vein 2 to inner margin
by smaller spots, all edged with whitish irrorations; a
cluster of whitish irrorations between 3 and 4; a larger
olive-green elongated spot on costa before apex, partly edged
with whitish scaling ; a subterminal triangular olive-green
shade below vein 7; termen below vein 5 shaded with dark
green. Hind wings: the costal margin above cell and vein 6
dark brown, below cell greenish grey ; a downcurved greenish
shade below cell from base ; a postmedial dark green shade,
becoming dark brown above 6 ; the outer line fuscous brown,
angled at vein 4, and followed from below vein 2 to inner
margin by fuscous spots edged with whitish irrorations ; the
termen narrowly green-shaded. Underneath greenish buff ;
a sinuous outer line on fore wings, continued on hind wings
postmedially, greenish in colour, and a faint curved outer
line beyond it on hind wings.
Expanse 145-158 mm.
Hab. Juan Vinas, Sitio, Tuis.

Eupterotide.

Olceclostera bifenestrata, sp. n.
&. Palpi buff, streaked behind with black-brown. Head,

collar, and thorax grey, witha medial brown line. Abdomen
grey, thickly irrorated above with dark brown except on two
terminal segments. Fore wings grey, with a few black
irrorations ; the costa finely buff-brown; a fine antemedial
black line, punctiform on veins, outangled on median and
submedian, inangled in cell and on fold, followed by a fine
brownish-grey sinuous line ; a minute black point on disco-
cellular; a fuscous postmedial narrow shade, outcurved
beyond cell, followed by a row of black points on veins, con-
nected by a dark sinuous line from vein 2 to inner margin ;
a subterminal hyaline spot between 5 and 6 and a smaller
spot below 5, both edged with brown ; cilia dark brown,
with buff-grey spots at veins. Hind wings fuscous brown,
darkest on outer margin; a terminal greyish shade at anal
angle. Wings below buff-grey. Fore wings: a black line
on discocellular ; a brownish postmedial line; a fine blackish

46 Mr. W. Schaus on

subterminal line. Hind wings: some black irrorations; a
black discal point; the brown postmedial shade angled below
vein 6 ; the subterminal finely wavy dentate.

Expanse, ¢ 43 mm.; ¢ 57 mm.

Hab. Avangarez, Tuis, Juan Vinas.

Allied to O. angelica, Grote.

Carthara cachiana, sp. n.

9. Head, collar, and thorax greenish buff. Abdomen
ochreous ; a dark grey dorsal line and transverse black band
on basal segment. Fore wings: basal third greenish buff,
limited by the inner line, which is whitish, finely edged with
fuscous grey, oblique to median between veins 2 and 3,
angled and inwardly oblique; space to outer line greyish,
tinged with green on costa, crossed by a medial and a post-
medial fuscous shade; the outer line whitish, tinged with
lilacine, straight to vein 4, then slightly inbent and faintly
lunular between veins ; the outer margin greenish from vein
5 to costa, below 5 silvery grey, leaving a greenish shade
along outer line from 3 to inner margin; a_ subterminal
brownish shade from 5 to 7; veins 5-7 terminally brownish.
Hind wings dull greenish buff; the inner margin dark
olive-green, crossed by a white antemedial line, and a down-
bent semioval white line postmedially ; a fuscous postmedial
shade, followed by lilacine shading from vein 2 to inner
margin; the outer line lilacine white, edged with fuscous,
terminating at anal angle, which is considerably produced.
Wings below greenish ochre, the apical area of fore wings
and outer margin of hind wings brighter; a fuscous post-
medial line; the outer line whitish ; a white discal spot on
hind wings.

Expanse 57 mm.

Hab. Cachi,

Carthara subrufa, sp. n.

g. Throat and palpi red, the latter tipped with buff.
Frons dark brown; vertex mottled grey, brown, and red ;
baff hairs in front of antennee. Collar dark brown shaded
with maroon in front. Thorax ochreous buff, some purplish
hairs on patagia. Abdomen purplish brown. Fore wings:
base mottled green-buff and lilacine; a broad dark shade
from below cell to inner margin, followed by the antemedial
dark greenish line, which is oblique from costa, angled on
median, and outcurved from just below cell; the medial
space greenish buff in cell to beyond discocellular, on which

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 47

are two black points, roseate lilacine between 2 and 4,
greenish below cell and vein 2, and buff mottled with reddish
brown on inner margin; a postmedial line from a dark
brown spot on costa, oblique to 4, then lunular to inner
margin ; a fine medial dark line, also starting from a small
dark brown costal spot; from postmedial to outer line the
costa is ochreous and brown, the space between 6 and 8
purplish with lilacine irrorations, between 4 and 6 dark
olive-green, between 2 and 4 lilacine red, and below 2 as on
medial space; outer line whitish buff, obliquely lunular to
vein 4 followed by dark olive-green, cut by buff veins, below
vein 4, fuscous, perpendicular, lunular, followed by lilacine
violaceous shadings to termen, extending narrowly to apex.
Hind wings yellowish ; some red hairs in cell, and a curved
dark red line from base to middle of inner margin; a fine
postmedial dark line, beyond which the outer space is reddish
from vein 6 to inner margin, suffused with violaceous be-
tween 4 and 6, and dark shaded below 2; the inner margin
narrowly maroon and black; a fuscous outer line shaded
with white below vein 2. Fore wings below suffused with
black on outer margin; the costa ochreous buff; the apex
red ; some terminal whitish irrorations between 3 and 6;
the inner margin broadly yellow. Hind wings below dark
red; a black streak on discocellular ; a postmedial and an
outer fuscous line; a broad fuscous shade irrorated with
yellow medially and postmedially, from base to termen below
vein 2, crossed by a whitish line subterminally; a roseate
brown shade near inner margin, which is finely dark as
above.

Expanse 35 mm.

Female: Fore wings lilacine brown ; the antemedial and
postmedial lines fuscous and rather faint; the outer line
tollowed by a dark olive-green space from vein + to costa,
intersected by the buff-brown veins. Apex acute and
faleate. Hind wings fuscous brown. Hind wings below
brown; a dark discal point; a fuscous postmedial line; the
outer line fuscous, finely dentate, lunular, followed by
ochreous irrorations to termen.

Expanse 53 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Sixola.

Carthara denticulata, sp. nu.

6. Frons light brown. Vertex fuscous brown. Collar
brown. Thorax grey-brown; fuscous shadings on patagia.
Abdomen dark ochreous brown. White irrorations on vertex

48 Mr. W. Schaus on

and patagia. Fore wings dull greyish brown, with a few
scattered white scales; the costa, inner margin narrowly,
and veins ochreous brown; the lines dark brown aa on
costa where they are reddish; the medial sinuous; the
postmedial almost coalescing with medial at vein 2 and on
inner margin; the outer line dentate lunular; the outer
margin produced at veins 3 and 4; cilia ochreous brow n,
tipped with white between 3 and 4 and 5 and 7. Hind
wings broadly fuscous brown on costal and outer margins ;
from base and vein 4 to inner margin a large yellowish space
shaded with brown and crossed by reddish : finely dentate
postmedial and outer lines, the latter outwardly shaded with
vellowish white; the termen crenulate from vein 4 to anal
angle. Fore wings below brownish; the inner margin
luteous ; the "costa ochreous yellow irrorated with red, and
with origin of lines red; terminal interspaces fuscous. Hind
wings below fuscous brown with a few white irrorations ;
the lines reddish, outwardly whitish shaded on inner half ;
some reddish and yellow suffusions below cell and vein 4 to
inner margin.
Expanse 28 mm.
Hab. 'Tuis.

Zaphanta fraterna, sp. n.

Body buff-brown, the scaling somewhat opalescent; a
black spot on hind tibia close to tarsi. Wings buff-brown,
thinly irrorated with black; the base broadly tinged with
opalescent lilacine grey; the outer margins with a similar
tinge, but less marked. Fore wings: the costal margin
from before middle broadly tinged with pale yellow; a black
spot above vein 8, and a smaller spot below it nearer termen.
Hind wings: costal margin pale yellow; a yellowish ante-
medial and postmedial sh ade; a lilacine-grey shade along
outer half of inner margin. Underneath ochreous yellow
more heavily irrorated with black, forming antemedial spots,
discal streaks, and ie spots, those on fore wings sub-
terminal below vein 2 and between veins 4-8,

Expanse 21 mm.

Hab. Sixola, Esperanza,

Closely allied to Z, infantilis, Dyar.

Notodontida.
Schizura manca, sp. n.

&. Palpi fuscous fringed with brown. Head and thorax
light brown. Abdomen brownish grey. Fore wings brown

Fleterocera from Costa Rica. 49

shaded with fuscous grey on costal half to beyond cell ; traces
of a basal and geminate antemedial line; a velvety dark
brown fine streak on discocellular; a fine dark line, finely
lunular, curved around end of cell, inwardly oblique to sub-
median, then slightly outbent; a brownish postmedial shade,
somewhat lunular and chiefly visible below vein 4; fine
dark brown streaks between 4 and 5, and 5 and 6 from
cell to termen ; marginal dark lines between the veins, the
one between 2 and 3 outwardly edged by a white spot.
Hind wings whitish ; pale brown hairs along inner margin ;
the outer margin broadly fuscous.

BExpanse 33 mm,

Hab. Sixola.

Salluca ruptilinea, sp. n.

3g. Palpi dark brown fringed with buff. Frons whitish
buff, vertex dark brown. Collar and thorax mottled brown
and buff, probably more greenish when fresh. Abdomen
fuscous grey ; a green dorsal tuft at base ; the last segment
dorsally green. Fore wings green; geminate basal, an
antemedial, geminate medial, and postmedial brown spots on
costa, and smaller similar spots in cell, the medial spots in cell
larger and partly reaching median ; below cell the spots are
smaller, inbent and form indistinct lines; an irregular brown
shade beyond cell, cut by veins and green irrorations ; post-
medial fine, brown, geminate, consisting of small spots between
the veins, somewhat lunular; an irregular subterminal fine
whitish line preceded by a broad dark brownish shade ; dark
marginal spots between the veins. Hind wings dull greyish
brown.

Expanse 32 mm.

Hab. ‘Tuis.

Heterocampa antistes, sp. n.

3d. Palpi black fringed with mottled brown and buff.
Head and thorax mottled dark brown, buff, and green,
Abdomen dark greyish brown above ; a dorsal tuft at base,
mottled brown, black, and green. Fore wings dull green
shaded with lilacine brown at base of inner margin, and a
fuscous streak along inner margin; antemedial line dark
brown, fine, lunular and geminate, rather indistinct; an
oblique fuscous shade across end of cell and below it to
postmedial, which is very fine, lunular, geminate, black, very
indistinct, marked by a white spot on inner margin, and
followed by white points on veins; discocellular green with

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. ix. 4

50 Mr. W. Schaus on

a dark line; the space from end of cell to near termen, an d
from vein 8 to vein 3 lilacine brown, the veins tinged with
green; faint darker brown sabbtetnindl spots, almost “obsvles:
cent ; fie termen narrowly green, with some black irrorations
close to cilia and whitish points at ends of veins. Hind
wings dull fuscous brown ; white points at ends of veins.

Expanse 44 mm.

Hab. FE Sitio.

Resembling H. viridescens, Wlik., and H. mullinst, Schs.

Heterocampa mystica, sp. n

Q. Palpi and head mottled brown and grey. Collar and
thorax grey tinged with green. Abdomen grey heavily
irrorated with brown except on last two segments, which
have only a few irrorations ; fine fuscous seomental lines.
Fore wings greyish irrorated with brown ; the base tinged
with green and crossed by a subbasal whitish line, oblique
from costa; antemedial line fine, fuscous, denies some
black points at base below cell; cell shaded with lilacine
brown; a pale buff spot at end of cell containing a reddish-
brown line, below it a fuscous shade to tornus; a brownish-
ereen shade beyond cell, oblique towards costa ; pean ae
fine, black, partly geminate, and lunular below vein 4;
subterminal brown shade from veins 4— 7, preceded by refldicea
brown spots, and followed above 6 by a fuscous shade to
apex; a terminal black line interrupted by veins; black
spots on cilia at veins. Hind wings fuscous grey; a terminal
black line with pale spots at veins; cilia whitish buff, with
black points.

Expanse 39 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Talmeca gnoma, sp. 0.

do. Palpi fuscous grey fringed with white. Head and
collar buff tinged with green. Thorax dull grey shaded with
ereen. Abdomen fuscous brown above with pale segmental
lines; a reddish dorsal tuft at base. Fore wings “lilacine
erey, with some darker irrorations ; a green streak “below cell
to vein 2; a darker green streak along lower portion of cell,
expanding at discocellular and filling space between 4 and 5
to termen; a similar broad green space terminally from just
above vein 3 to inner margin; antemedial dark, geminate,
outeurved and interrupted ; ‘postmedial geminate, black and
much outbent along costa, then incurved and pale brown,

Feterocera fram Costa Rica. 51

intersected by veins and partly lunular ; subterminal geminate
black points on veins separated by whitish points ; terminal
black points between veins. Hind wings fuscous tinged
with brown; cilia white.

Expanse 32 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

Near 7’. pulchra, Schs.

Meragisa albescens, sp. n.

?. Head and thorax whitish grey, mottled with pale
brown hairs. Abdomen above ochreous buff shaded with
grey, a reddish-brown shade at base, the two terminal
segments white, thinly irrorated with dark scales ; under-
neath ochreous buff. Fore and hind legs with long white
hairs; hind legs ochreous buff; tarsi with black rings.
Fore wings white, thinly dusted with light brown ; basal line
dentate, interrupted, brown and geminate on costa, otherwise
black ; antemedial fine, geminate, black, outwardly oblique
and wavy from costa, inset below cell, outeurved above sub-
median, outwardly oblique below it ; a dark brown line on
discocellular, a medial dark streak on costa; postmedial
fine, light brown, deeply lunular, followed by a lunular
geminate black ijine, somewhat inset between 4 and 6 and
below 3; terminal black points close to veins, connected
between veins by deeply curved black lines; cilia white.
Hind wings whitish grey, shaded with ochreous on basal
half; the veins, a medial line, and broad outer shade fuscous
grey. Underneath ochreous buff, the outer half suffused
with fuscous grey.

Expanse 53 mm.

Hab. Tuis, Juan Vinas.

Meragisa proxima, sp. n.

@. Palpi black fringed with grey. Head and thorax
grey mottled with brown. Abdomen above brown, shaded
with ochreous at base, the terminal segments white irrorated
with brown; underneath ochreous buff. Fore and hind legs
with grey hairs. Fore wings whitish grey, irrorated with
darker grey; basal line geminate, black, deeply outcurved
on costa, incurved and outbent below cell; antemedial out-
wardly oblique, slightly inset below cell, fine, black, geminate
filled in with pale ochreous; a white point in cell; a dark
streak on discocellular edged with white; very faint traces
of a postmedial line, but distinct and geminate on costa,

fo!lowed by the usual geminate black lunular line, which is
4.*

52 Mr. W. Schaus oa

filled in with pale ochreous and followed by a brownish
shade, widest and most heavily marked towards costa; the
terminal points and black line as in ML. albescens, Schs.
Hind wings fuscous brown; cilia whitish. Underneath
fuscous brown; costal margins finely pale ochreous; a
terminal dark line on fore wings above vein 33 base of
hind wings pale shaded.

Expanse 50 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Closely allied to IZ. marcata, Dogn., but readily dis-
tinguished by the absence of yellow on hind wings above at
base.

DUNAMA, gen. nov.

Palpi slightly upturned, with second joint long, smoothly
sealed, third minute. Antenne pectinated, the tips with
cilia. Legs smooth. Fore wings narrow, vein 5 from
below upper angle of ceil; 6 from near middle of areole ;
7, 8, 10, from end of areole. Hind wings proportionately
broader, the costal margin straight ; 8 diverging from 7
before middle; 3 and 4 from lower angle of cell ; 6 and 7
from upper angle; vein & weak.

Type of genus, Dunama angulinea, Schs.

Dunama angulinea, sp. n.

3S. Palpi, head, and thorax dark brown; vertex out-
wardly shaded with buff. Abdomen above fuscous ; under-
neath and legs buff, the latter partly streaked with dark
brown. Fore wings greyish brown; a subbasal buff shade
on costa, and an interrupted dark brown subbasal line; a
triangular dark antemedial shade on costa, and a round dark
brown spot below cell, followed from cell to vein 2 by a
medial geminate dark brown line, faintly visible on costa
and inner margin; this line followed by a whitish-buff
shade, most distinct from cell to vein 2; a postmedial brown
shade angled at vein 4, and followed on veins from 5 to
submedian by geminate dark streaks separated by buff spots;
a subterminal fuscous-grey shade, widest from vein 4 to
inner margin; marginal black spots preceded by a pale
buff shade, cut by the fuscous-grey veins; termen fuscous
grey. Hind wings fuscous brown. Underneath dall fuscous
prey.

Expanse 22 mm.

flab, Guapiles.

Tleterocera from Costa Lica. 53

Rifargia culpata, sp. n.

6. Palpi reddish brown, with two buff streaks and similar
fringe in front. Head mottled brown and buff. Collar
light brown, with a transverse fuscous-brown streak. Thorax
buff-brow n, shaded with dark grey posteriorly ; patagia pale
buff, dorsally edged with dark brown. Abdomen reddish
brown above and below, shaded with buff laterally ; the last
two segments dorsally grey. Fore wings dark grey, shaded
with light grey towards apex ; basal third Pie brown,
streaked with dark reddish brown on costa, narrower below
cell; a dark line limits this space from costa to median,
below which it forms two curves, and is preceded by a
parallel dark grey shade; a fine cnn line forms a large
reniform spot at end of cell; postmedial line outeurved
beyond cell, finely lunular, geminate, dark grey, followed by
another geminate dark wavy line, deeply outbent on costa,
incurved below vein 3, and partly defined by fuscous-brown
spots ; a subterminal whitish dentate shade; a reddish-brown
apical spot, partly edged by fuscous- brown lines; a fine
fuscous-brown marginal line from below vein 4, inset below
each vein. Hind wings reddish brown; a darker medial
line followed by a buff shade ; a broad subterminal darker
brown shade; the termen and cilia buff.

Expanse, ¢ 69 mm.; 2 83 mm.

Hab, Sixola.

Closely allied to R. lemoultt, Schs., but larger and differing
in details.

Hemiceras avangareza, sp. n.

gd. Palpi, head, and collar roseate buff. Thorax dark
lilacine grey. Abdomen light brown; a lateral whitish
streak. Fore wings dull brown tinged with fuscous, lines
pale buff; antemedial forming three outward curves from
subcostal, and a smaller curve on costa; the outer line from
costa near apex to middle of inner margin; a dark line on
discocellular preceded by a black point close to subcostal ;
costa finely buff. Hind wings white, the outer margin
tinged with light brown.

iixpanse 36 mm. .

Hab. Avangarez.

Similar to H. albulana, Dr., from the same locality, except
in colour.

54 Mr. W. Schaus ow

Sphingide.
Hyloicus biolleyt, sp. n.

9. Palpi brown, fringed with white at base ; frons slightly
darker brown, vertex brown, shaded with black behind ;
collar dorsally black, outwardly edged by a brown-black line,
which continues to tips of patagia, and is followed by a
lateral brown and white shade ; patagia otherwise and thorax
reddish brown, mottled with a few whitish scales; abdomen
at base dorsally tufted with light brown and with subdorsal
black spots followed by a broad whitish band, and sub-
sequently by alternate broad black and narrow white bands ;
two dorsal brown and grey lines diverging and expanding
towards anal segments; abdomen white underneath, with
black ventral points. Fore wings brown, irrorated with
whitish buff; a basal, geminate antemedial, medial and post-
medial angled black spots on costa ; black and white tufts
at base of inner margin; an antemedial patch of roseate
buff seales below cell, cut by a fine black line; a black
streak in cell and beyond it, cutting a medial round fuscous
spot and interrupted by a white point on discocellular ;
black streaks above veins 2, 3, and 5 ; an outeurved post-
medial fuscous shade, followed by an indistinct fine, fuscous,
dentate line ; an outcurved series of subterminal angled
black lines between the veins, nearest to termen between
2 and 4; an oblique black line to apex from vein 6, inter-
rupted by vein 7; some small terminal black spots. Hind
wings black ; a whitish antemedial line inbent towards base
on costal and inner margins; a sinuous white postmedial
band; cilia white, spotted with black.

Expanse 90 mm.

Hab. Tablazo.

Allied to H. lugens, Wlk., but very different in the details
of its markings. Named after the late Prof. Biolley, to whom
I am indebted for this specimen.

Ambulyx goeldi marcata, subsp. n.
6 . Differs from A. goeldi, Roths., in having all the shadings

and lines more distinctly marked ; the postmedial and outer
lines on fore wings fine, geminate, and well marked. Hind
wings with a third line between medial and outer lines.
Fore wings below: a fuscous-brown irregular and heavily
marked postmedial line; the outer line fine and geminate.
Hind wings with the third line as on upper side.

Expanse 98 mm.

Hab. Tuis.

Tleterocera from Costa Rica. 55

Megalopygide.
Megalopyge costaricensis, sp. n.

Body dorsally whitish yellow, laterally on collar, thorax,
and abdomen shaded with brownish buff; frons brownish ;
throat black. Fore wings brown, darkest at base, paler
postmedially, fading into the broad whitish-yellow outer
margin; black and whitish streaks on costa medially and in
basal half of cell; postmedial small, triangular, whitish spots
inwardly oblique from vein 5; a brown shade at veins 7
and 8. Hind wings whitish yellow, faintly. darker shaded
below cell.

Expanse 35 mm.

Hab, Tuis, Sixola, Juan Vinas.

Probably only a race of MV. ornata, Druce, the wings being
rather more pointed and brighter coloured.

Megalopyge torva, sps n.

6. Frons bfiff-brown, shaded with fuscous medially.
Vertex white. Collar black-brown. ‘Thorax brown, darkest
medially, with two large transverse white spots in front.
Abdomen banded black and whitish buff; two large dark
brown dorsal tufts at base. Fore wings fuscous grey tinged
with brown; a white patch at base between median and
submedian containing a fuscous streak ; a white streak in
cell ; postmedial space white, outwardly dentate between
veins with whitish streaks on veins, and dark streaks between
the veins, not reaching the angles ; dark expanding shadings
to the white streaks on veins, chiefly noticeable towards apex.
Hind wings grey-brown, the veins darker.

Expanse 50 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis.

Mesoscia dyari, sp. 0.

g. Frons dark brown; vertex grey-brown. Collar
yellowish white, shaded with black-brown in front. Thorax
white, the patagia dorsally edged with fuscous brown.
Abdomen fuscous brown above and ventrally, sublaterally
whitish. Fore wings: the costal edge fuscous brown, below
it for two-thirds a broad yellowish-white shade, extending at
base to inner margin ; medial space fuscous brown, extending
to apex and outer margin below submedian, where it is met
by a paler grey-brown terminal broad shade, which does not
extend above vein 4; outer space otherwise yellowish white,
its inner edge oblique from apex to vein 5, then incurved,

56 On Fleterocera from Costa Rica,

tapering to a point above submedian. Hind wings white ;
the costa broadly, also the inner margin, and the outer
margin near anal angle more narrowly shaded with fuscous
rey.
Expanse 29 mm.
Hab. Juan Vinas.
Near I/. eriophora, Sepp.

Trosia lena, sp. n.

g. Antenne crimson. Body white; frons strongly
shaded with crimson; eyes very black, narrowly surrounded
by black hairs; fore femora and coxe fuscous brown.
Wings white.

Expanse 25 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Cachi.

Aidos admiranda, sp. n.

g. Palpi black, fringed with white. Frons black, with a
central white spot. Vertex brownish. Collar white, black
in front. Thorax whitish, shaded with ochreous and brown.
Abdomen crimson ; a large black dorsal tuft at base. Fore
wings : the basal half whitish , tinged with ochreous brown
on veins; a black costal streak ; a fuscous-brown streak on
SHER EA traces of a Garyed brownish antemedial line;
outer half fuseous brown; a black line inbent from costa to
subcostal and outeurved around cell; postmedial black
streaks on veins, followed by a faint greyish, wavy shade,
and subterminal black streaks connected by a dentate line ;
the apex whitish grey. Hind wings crimson; the outer
margin broadly black, narrowing at anal angle. Under-
neath: basal half of wings crimson, outer half fuscous grey,
the veins darker.

Eixpanse 27 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

Allied to A. perfusa, Schs.

Cicinnide.
Cicinnus lygia, sp. n.
@. Palpi and head pale brown, Collar, thorax, abdomen,
and wings lilacine grey, the wings with scattered black
irrorations. Fore wings excised from below apex to vein 3,

inbent below it, slightly crenulate ; a fine wavy darker
antemedial shades ; a faint reddish-brown shade at end of

On Coleoptera of the Family Buprestidee. 57

cell, and oblique black line on discocellular ; a fine dark
postmedial line, slightly inbent ; a faint darker space above
tornus. Hind wings crenulate, the anal angle produced; a
faint antemedial and postmedial dark line. Fore wings
below shaded with dull reddish brown to postmedial line ;
the outer margin of hind wing similarly shaded.

Expanse, d 34 mm.

Female: the hind wings with the outer margin well out-
curved,

Expanse, ? 42 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

Zygenide.
Pseudotalara euthoracica, sp. n.

9. Black ; the fore wings a little more lustrous purplish
than the hind wings. Vertex of head and thorax orange-
yellow, as are also the sides of the thorax in front and the
fore coxe. i

Expanse 21 mm.

Hab. Sitio.

Pseudotalara schedoxantha, sp. n.

9. Orange-yellow : eyes and antenne black; legs black
except the fore coxe; abdomen with a broad dorsal black
stripe, the venter slightly touched with black on the seg-
ments. Wings orange-yellow, the fore wings a little more
opaquely coloured and shining than the hind wings; fore
wing with the costa and fringe narrowly black above, the
apex more broadly black below; hind wing with extreme
outer margin and fringe black, the apex somewhat more
broadly so ; alike above and below,

Expanse 24 mm.

Hab. Mount Poas.

Allied to Pseudotalara lateralis, Dyar.

III.— Observations on Coleoptera of the Family Buprestide,
with Descriptions of new Species. By Cuas. O. WATER-
HOUSE, I.8.0., F.E.8.

[Continued from yol. xv. 1905, p. 584.}

HAvInG recently rearranged the Buprestide in the British

Museum belonging to the genus Conognatha, I noticed

several species which appear to require names, and which

I now describe.

58 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse on Coleoptera

Capitaine Kerremans in Wytsman’s ‘ Genera’ adopts the
genus Pithiscus as distinct from Conognatha on account of
the difference in the form of the prosternum. I think this
separation cannot be maintained. I find every gradation
from C. hemorrhoidalis (the type of the genus) to viridi-
ventris (the type of Pithiscus). The species are very diverse,
but may be arranged in groups, which, however, cannot be
defined even as sections. ‘The following is the order in
which the species are arranged in the Museum :—

C. hemorrhoidalis, pretiosissima, tris, magnifica, vargasi,
juno. (All these have the prosternum conically pro-
duced in front.)

C. buqueti, amena, princeps, impressipennis, splendens,
batesit, minor.

C. leacht, ornata.

C. clara, abdominalis, eximia, interrupta.

C. rujiventris, bifasciata, trizonata.

C. badent, octoguttata, excellens.

C. posticalis, apicalis, flavipennis, rogeri, nigropurpurea.
(These five species have the disk of the thorax
impressed, and have a fovea above each posterior
angle.)

C. paranensis.

C. fascipennis, subdilatata, insignis, parallela, sellovit,
nigrocerulea, miliaris, elongata. (Thorax with pos-
terior angles impressed.)

All the foregoing have the thorax delicately punctured.

C. propinqua, klugt. (Thorax moderately strongly pune-
tured, forming a transition to the coarsely punctured
species which follow.)

C. auricollis, C. & G.*

C. nero, principalis.

C. chilensis, gounellei, compta, consobrina, cyanicollis,
errata.

C. macleay?, vulnerata.

C. olivacea, brevicollis, rufipes.

C. hamatifera, parallelogramma.

QO, lebasi, souverbit, edwardst.

C. costipennis.

C. viridiventris (type of Pithiscus), hastaria, sagittaria.

I think C. brucht, Kerrem., is undoubtedly the same

* By some unaccountable error the male of C. edwards? is frequently
found in collections under this name, The true awricollis is a broad
species with unicolorous elytra.

of the Family Buprestide. 59

as (, viridiventris. Capt. Kerremans had probably
not had access to the figure of the latter.

C. edwardsit. IfI am right in the determination of the
sexes of this species, all the males have a broad fascia
and the apex of the elytra brown ; the females have
this colour confined to the suture and margins.

Conognatha splendens, sp. n.

Elongate, narrow, somewhat elliptical, brilliant golden
green; the elytra with a rather broad yellow fascia at a
short distance from the apex. Antenne black. Clypeus
deeply triangularly emarginate. ‘Thorax convex, arcuately
narrowed in front, rather finely and moderately closely
punctured, very slightly sinuate before the acute posterior
angles, which are more closely punctured and slightly im-
pressed. ee not very large, as long as broad,
arcuately narrowed posteriorly. Hlytra at the base of exactly
the same width as the thorax, gradually and arcuately
narrowed towards the apex; finely punctate-striate, the
interstices only very slightly convex, but more strongly so
at the apex. The apical margins have four or five obtuse,
scarcely noticeable teeth. Prosternum convex, rather closely
and moderately strongly punctured, the front part sloping
down, transversely rugulose, and separated from the upper
part by a slight but distinct carina. Tibice and tarsi dark
steel-blue, the apical three segments of the abdomen narrowly
edged with blue ; the apical segment gently emarginate. @.

Long. 19 mm.

Hab. Parana.

Conognatha leachi, sp. n.

Brilliant metallic golden green, shining. Thorax much
narrowed in front, gently arcuate at the sides, very delicately
and not very closely punctured, with a strong impression at
each posterior angle. Scutellum rather small, arcuatel
acuminate. HKlytra exactly the same width as the base of
the thorax, of a darker bluer green than the thorax, deeply
punctate-striate, the interstices rather strongly convex except
near the scutellum. Hach has the following clear yellow
ornamentation: a stripe extending from the base to a little
beyond the middle, broad at the base, narrower posteriorly,
not quite reaching the suture behind, then it turns in a
flexuous band to the margin and runs along the marginal
costa to the base (leaving a small green spot below the
shoulder). Between this and the apex there is an angulated

60 Mr. C. O. Waterhouse on Coleoptera

fascia extending from the suture to the margin. At the
apex a small Junate spot. At the margin there are six
or seven acute teeth, with the usual acute apical spines. .
Prosternum horizontal, shining, moderately closely and dis-
tinctly punctured, very slightly produced at the apex, which
is transversely rugulose.

Long. 17, lat. 7 mm.

Hlab. N. Argentina (Mrs. Leach).

This very beautiful little species may be placed near
C. minor, but its markings somewhat resemble those of
compta,.

Conognatha ornata, sp. 0

Closely resembles C. leachi, and at first I believed it to be
the same, but it differs in the following points :—Thorax
slightly but distinctly widened just before the posterior
angles, the impressions deeper and much more strongly
punctured than the rest of the surface. Prosternum not
produced in front, but sloping down. ‘The elytra are rather
darker green, the markings brownish yellow, but very
similar. The stripe is not narrowed behind and after turning
to the margin it 1s not joined to the narrow yellow on the
marginal costa, which appears only as a stripe below the
shoulder. The apical spot is larger.

Long. 17, Jat. 7 mm.

Hab. La Plata, Salta (ex coll. Fry).

Conognatha abdominalis, sp. n

Elongate, parallel, deep steel-blue, the elytra with a
purple tint, abdomen entirely dull reddish yellow. Clypeus
and antennee with a slight green shade. Thorax strongly
convex, very finely punctured, obliquely narrowed in front,
the sides nearly straight, not quite so broad as the elytra at
the posterior angles, which are very acute, convex, without
any impression. Scutellum elong gate, slightly narrowed to-
wards the apex, which is acute. Elytra parallel, a trifle
wider just before the apex than in the middle, with numerous
coste, those near the suture strongest but not extending
to the base; apex obtusely roinded: with numerous
acute teeth, the sutural one and the one next to it more
prominent than the others with an emargination between
them. Prosternum very convex, finely but very distinctly
punctured, obtuse in front and scarcely produced. Abdomen
dull reddish yellow, with slight purple reflections, nearly
straight at the apex.’ 2’;

Ms
a

of the Family Buprestide. GL

Long. 24 mm.

Hab, British Guiana (A, W. Bartlett).

This species is somewhat inter ‘mediate between C. clara
and C. eximia. From clara it differs in having a narrower
thorax and less expanded apex to the elytra, which are also
less strongly costate. From evimia it differs in having the
thorax a little narrower, the scutellum is rather more narrowed
posteriorly, and the elytra have no yellow band. From both
it differs in having a yellow abdomen.

Conognatha rufiventris, sp. n.

Elongate, parallel, deep steel-blue, head and thorax almost
black, with green reflections ; elytra very dark purple, with
two yellow bands, one before the middle, narrow at the
suture, widened to the third interstice, then slightly arcuate
and narrowed to tlfe margin; the second band at one-quarter
from the apex, rectilinear posteriorly, slightly flexuous
anteriorly. Abdomen entirely reddish yellow with faint
purple reflections. Antennze very dark green. Thorax
convex, obliquely narrowed in. front, not quite so broad as
the elytra at the shoulders, the angles very acute. Scutellum
elongate, very slightly narrowed | posteriorly, obtuse at the
apex, where there is a slight impression. Hlytra subparallel,
only slightly narrowed towards the apex, finely punctate-
striate, the second interstice slightly costiform posteriorly,
the third with a fine raised line near the apex, the fourth
convex for its whole length. Apex with about six strong
acute teeth, commencing behind the yellow fascia, the sixth
tooth more prominent than the others, with a somewhat wide
space between it and the acute sutural tooth, the margin
between these two teeth straight. Prosternum convex,
obtuse but not conical in front. Abdomen reddish yellow,
the apical segment slightly emarginate. ¢.

Long. 20 mm.

Hab. Brazil.

The specimen described was received with Capt. Kerre-
mans’ collection, from Chevrolat’s collection, and was
labelled *‘b:fascrata, Waterh.” It differs from that species
in its dark colour, smaller size, longer scutellum, less costate
elytra, totally different pereation of the apex, pat in the
colour of the abdomen.

M. Théry has desciibed (Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1904, p. 75)
a species (C. mayetz) closely allied to this. He says: “il
se distingue de CU. b:fasciata, Wat., par sa taille plus grande
et son abdomen de méme couleur que le rest du corps.”

62 On Coleoptera of the Family Buprestide.

C. bifasciata, however, has a blue abdomen of tle same
colour as the rest of the body. Nevertheless I think
C. mayeti is distinct from C. bifasciata on account of the
very narrow posterior fascia of the elytra.

Conognatha apicalis, sp. n.

Brassy black, shining ; thorax strongly impressed on the
disk, with a deep fovea above each posterior angle. Elytra
yellow with black apical markings. The thorax is delicately
and not closely punctured ; much narrowed in front, some-
what abruptly enlarged at the middle, and then continuing
to become wider to the posterior angles. The discal im-
pression is very large and is continued to the front margin
by a channel ; the effect of this is to leave two slight but
distinct tubercles in front of the middle. The scutellum is
rather small, rounded posteriorly. The elytra are exactly
the width of the base of the thorax, parallel for two-thirds
their length, then narrowed to the apex. ‘The striw are
rather finely punctured, moderately impressed (except near
the scutellum), the interstices slightly convex. At a little
distance from apex there is an irregular transverse oval black
spot, and a small spot near the margin. Behind this there
is a fascia which does not quite reach the margin, much
narrowed at the suture, angulated in front. ‘The apex is
black, and is united to the fascia by the black suture. The
apical margins are acutely dentate. ‘The usual apical spines
are strong, not very widely separated, the outer one the
larger. Abdomen obscure red, with blue reflections. ?.

Long. 19, lat. 7 mm.

Hab. Novo Friburgo, Brazil (Bescke).

The specimen described is from the same locality as
C. posticalis, Saund., and was collected with it, and was
believed to be that species until the Museum received the
type from Fry’s collection. It differs from that species in
having the thorax very deeply impressed on the disk, the
elytra have no humeral spot, the apical spots are slightly
different (in postécalis the subapical fascia reaches the margin,
but does not reach the suture and is not united with the
black apex), the apical spines are larger, the strie are more
impressed, and, lastly, the abdomen is entirely red, whereas in
posticalis only the apical three segments are yellow.

J :
Conognatha nigro-purpurea, sp. 0.

Dark purple, appearing almost black in some lights.
Thorax very obliquely narrowed anteriorly, punctuation very

af

€

On new Mammals from British East Africa. 63

fine, disk with a well-marked circular impression occupying
more than half the length of the thorax, posterior angles
very acute, with a triangular impression above. Scutellum
small, transverse, rounded behind. Elytra at the extreme
base exactly the same width as the base of the thorax, but
immediately widened at the shoulders, then gradually nar-
rowed to the apex; very faintly and finely striate-punctate,
appearing almost smooth; with a broad sinuous yellow
fascia, which leaves only a small amount of the apex purple.
The apex of each with the two usual acute strong teeth,
which are not far apart, and between the outer one and the
yellow fascia there are six acute teeth. Hach elytron has,
rather behind the middle and near the side, an elongate,
shallow impressior. Prosternum convex, very slightly
swollen in front, scarcely sloping. Abdomen with the apical
three segments reddish yellow.

Long. 18, lat. 74 mm.

Hab. Brazil, Novo Friburgo.

This species may be placed near C. rogeri, Saunders, but
it is not like any species known to me.

(‘To be continued. |

IV.—Some new Mammals from British East Africa.
By Dr. E1nar Lonnsere, F.M.Z.S. &c.

THE following new mammals collected in British Hast Africa
will be more fully described in a paper, which will shortly
be published, on the collections obtained in that country by
the Swedish Zoological Expedition (1911). Inthe meantime
the following preliminary diagnoses are given.

Colubus abyssinicus kikuyuensis, subsp. n.

Closely allied to Colobus caudatus, Thomas, but smaller,
with the white tuft of the tail shorter and less developed,
measuring only 44 cm. to the tips of the hair in a rather old
male. The black of the basal part of the tail extending over
24-27 em., thus longer than in C. caudatus. The young not
white, as in C, caudatus, but nearly of the same colour as in
the adult. :

Condylo-basal length of skull in a rather old male 101 mm.
(111 mm. in C. caudatus) ; occipito-nasal length 91 mm.
(101 mm. in C. caudatus).

Six specimens examined.

Type lecality. K=carpment Station.

64 Dr. E. Lonnberg on new

Galago (Otolemur) kikuyuensis, sp. n.

General colour pale greyish brown, somewhat darker on
head and upper neck, outside of limbs more chamois ; throat
and lower side of neck with an ochre-yellow tinge; under-
side of body dirty white; hands and feet dark brown, in-
clining to blackish; tail dark brown, gradually darkening to
blackish towards the distal third, paler below. Ears naked.

Total length about 62 cm.; tail about equal to head and
body.

mm.
Greatest length of skull.............. 61
Basicranial length of skull............ 49
Zygomatiec breadth 2)... 2.2.22: se = am 41
‘Palataldength’.« GYiy tte aease kes 23
Length of upper molar series.......... 19°5

Type locality. Escarpment Station.

Helogale hirtula ahlselli, subsp. n.

Body and tail all over coarsely grizzled with ochre-
yellow and black, producing an olive-brown general colora-
tion. Yellowish subterminal rings about 3 mm. Head
very dark grey, produced by a fine white sprinkling on
black. Lower parts grizzled like upper, but duller. Fingers
and toes more or less black. Hair of back 12-14 mm.

Length of head and body 25-26 em., of tail 18-20 em., of
hind foot with claws 54-56 mm.

mm.
Condylo-basal length of skull (¢).. 525
Basicranial = ‘ af 49
Zygomatic breadth ....... gc lates 82-333
Interorbital breadth.............. 12:1-12'9
Greatest diameter of p* .......... 6:1-6-4
_ 5) oe Ae eee 45
Front of canine to back of m? 188

Type locality. Thorn-bush country on the northern side of
Guaso Nyiri.

Hyena schillingsi rendilis, subsp. n.

Nearly related to H. schillingsi of the Kilimanjaro district,
but much paler in its ground-colour. Black longitudinal
stripe on either side of the mane of the upper neck little
conspicuous, more or less broken up in short streaks. Mane
of the back whitish-looking, with the thin maroon tips not
producing much effect. Tail very pale. Black stripes on

Manmals from British East Africa. 65

shoulders and flanks much narrower than in HZ. schillings’.
Three narrow stripes running from dorsal crest over hind-
quarters (two broad ones in //. schillingsi). Stripes on flanks
often broken up. Legs paler than in //. schillingsi.
Skull-measurements rather similar to those of H. schillingst.
‘Two specimens examined, a young adult female and a
male, both alike.
Type locality, Thorn-bush country north of Guaso Nyiri.

Cephalophus harveyi kente, subsp. n.

Similar to C. harvey?, but coronal tuft not black, but
mahogany-coloured in the middle, rufous.on the sides. Fore
legs and hind legs from above the hocks glossy brownish
black, A brown mesial streak over the chest.

mm

“Basicranial length of skull (Q ad.) ....,. 151
0) SG eee he
Distance from orbit to tip of premaxillary.. 88
MRMMETMPM MR TIBBGU! 5 oe) 5/5 oo cave i ans g ties 58
7 upper molar series ............ 49

Type locality. Forests near Nairobi.

Rhynchotragus cavendisht minor, subsp. n.

A Rhynchotragus of the Rh. kirki group, with the pre-
maxillaries forming a broad suture with the nasals as in
Th. cavendishi, Thomas, but much smaller than that species.

General colour above grizzled yellowish grey, which
colour is produced by buffish-yellow subterminal rings and
dark brown tips to the hair. Neck paler greyish (less
yellowish), with whitish subterminal rings. Flanks less
grizzled and paler than the back, about sand-coloured.
Surroundings of tail and posterior parts of hams pure ashy
grey. Lower parts suffused with buff only, the middle of
the belly and inner side of hind legs being pure white. Legs
and middle of face fulvous buff. Sides of face paler, almost
sandy. White eye-mark well developed. Anterior shorter
portion of crest ringed with buffish white and dark brown,
but greater posterior portion dull fulvous buff, with hardly
conspicuous dark tips to some of the hairs in the males (the
females have a smaller crest very broadly tipped with black).
Ears sand-coloured, with a black line along the margin on

the upper half.

mm.
Basicranial length of skull (gd) ........ 92-94
Zygomatic width ......... res ae treve.cs 50-54
WRI EDP OL MASAI: oes eiwie ce ad tle uid 8 are « 21-23
Posterior brim of orbit to gnathion,..... 76-77
Length of upper molar series .......... 34-35

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. ix, 5

66 On new Mammals from British East Africa.

Type locality. Thorn-bush north of Guaso Nyiri, below
Chanler Falls.

Potamocherus cheropotamus kenie, subsp. n.

Head white, with black ears; a black patch round each
eye and a black streak above the white whiskers. Dorsal
crest from behind the ears to the middle of the back of black
bristles with long white tips. In the sacral region in front
of the tail similar bristles form a slight crest. Sides of
back rich rufous much mixed with black ; sides of body and
neck, lower parts, legs, and feet black. Width of parietal
flat area about 8°3 per cent. of upper mesial length of skull.

mm.
Upper mesial length of skull (¢) ........ 349
Width of parietal flat area ...........00 29
Greatest zygomatic width ............4. 177

Canine apophyses strongly developed and ankylosed with
lateral exostoses of snout. Nasal surface flat and very
broad.

Type locality. Forests near Nairobi.

Procavia brucei borana, subsp. n.

A member of the Heterohyrax group, which is closely
related to Procavia brucei hindet, Wroughton, but much
smaller.

General colour of back burnt umber-brown, grizzled with
whitish, and dark brown tips to the hair. Face darker than
back, almost pure blackish brown. Superciliary mark dull
whitish, dorsal spot cinnamon (no. 4, Rép. de Coul.) ; flanks
brownish grey. Underparts from chin to vent dull creamy
white, a little buffish between fore legs and round vent.

Length of hind foot (skin-measurement) about 53 mm.

Skull of type specimen (?, stage VIII.) : greatest length
74 mm.; basilar length 66; zygomatic breadth 39°5; length
of nasals 16; length of upper molar series 28°3.

Protuberances on the posterior margin of the palate just
as described by Wroughton for P. b. hindet. As the type of
the latter was also a female stage VIII., the measurements of
the skulls are directly comparable.

Type locality. North of Guaso Nyiri, not far east of the
Marsabit road.

On a new Species of the Genus Perionyx. 67

Sylvisorex sorelloides, sp. n.

A long-tailed shrew, with four unicuspids, allied to S. soredla,
Thomas, but differing from it by different proportions of
the unicuspids and shape of last molar &e., as well as by
colour, presence of lateral glands, &e.

Dark brown above, the colour being produced by the long
brown tips of the hair, something between ‘raw umber”?
(Rép. de Coul. no. 301) and “ brownish drab” (J. c. no. 302).
Fur basally dark plumbeous. Lower side whitish, fur basally
plumbeous grey. Hands and feet slender, hairy. Fingers
and hands whitish, except the fifth and the lateral parts of
the fourth, with the corresponding parts of the hands, which
are brown. The two inner toes light. Tail long, slender,
annulated, but covered with short hairs which do not conceal
the annulation. No long bristles on the tail. Lateral musk-
glands strongly developed.

mm
Length of head and body ............ 67
; RUM etapa salt si « oiw hesehesersip: ace cfs 84
~ BING Oot) Ss Ue) ose wad eel 15
Condylo-incisive length of skull ...... 184
Greatest breadth of skull ..... . about 8
iiiterorbital width! 66.065. s selene es 4:3
Maxillary series of teeth............45 8

First unicuspid large and sharply pointed. Second uni-
cuspid not reaching half the height of the first and also a
little smaller than the third, but much larger than the fourth.
Last upper molar not “ squarish.”

Type locality. Acacia steppe, south of Guaso Nyiri.

V.—Description of anew Species of the Genus Perionyx.
By Dr. Lurer Cognetti dE Martius, R. Museo Zoologico,

Torino.

THE earthworm described in the present paper was collected
in Shoe Island, a small island near Auckland Island, by one
of the officers of the steamship ‘ Discovery,’ on her return
from the Antarctic Expedition (1902). I have to express
my sincere thanks to Prof. F. J. Bell, who sent me the worm
for examination,

68 On a new Species of the Genus Perionyx.

Perionyx shoeanus, sp. 0.

A single specimen only.

Faternal charocters—The body measures 165 mm. in
length and 5-6 mm. in thickness ; the number of segments
is 205.

The colour is brownish.

The prostomium is pro-epilobus (3).

The sets are arranged in continuous rings as follows :—
35/i1., ABZ/iii., 57/vi., 46/x. ; dorsal and ventral gaps in the
rings of sete are not constant. ‘The sete are provided with
some small semilunar excavations on the distal tract.

The clitellum is not yet developed.

The male pores are on xviil. segment, close to the ventral
middle line.

A similar position is taken by the three pairs of sperma-
thecal pores in the intersegmental furrows vi./vii., vil./vill.,
and vill./ix.

Female pores as nephridial and dorsal pores are not visible.

Internal anatomy.—tThe septa vi.-vil. to xv.—-xvi. are
moderately thickened.

An imperfectly developed gizzard lies in vi. segment.
The portion of the cesophagus which occupies segments viil.
to xv. is wider than elsewhere and is provided with many
deep folds of epithelium. These folds are longitudinal and
are provided with a blood-vessel. The intestine begins at
the xvil. segment; a typhlosole is not recognizable.

Three pairs of moniliform hearts are found in segments
Ke. Kl, Ana. al.

The nephridia are meganephridia regularly disposed i
two longitudinal series, close to the ventral nerve-chain.

A single pair of sparsely lobulated sperm-sacs lies in xi.
seoment.

A single pair of prostates is present. Each prostate is a
tongue-shaped body, not divided into lobes, which projects
from the side of the nerve-cord laterally into the xviii.
segment. Penial sete are wanting (perhaps in relation with
the immature condition).

The three pairs of spermathecz lie in segments vii., viil.,
and ix. Hach spermatheca consists of an oval main pouch
with a very short duct ; two small globular diverticula are
placed on each side of the distal extremity of the duct.

Loc. Shoe Island, near Auckland Island.

The oceurrence of a species of the genus Perionyzx in a
subantaretic island is a_ surprise. This genus was only

On the Land-Molluscan Fauna of Rhodesia. 69

known from the Philippine and Sunda Islands, from the
Indian Empire, Himalaya (11,900'), Ceylon, and Madagascar.

P. shoeanus differs from its nearest ally, P. saltans, Bourne,
particularly in the dimensions.

VI.— Additions to the Land-Molluscan Fauna of Ithodesia.
By H. B. Preston.

Streptaxis gwandaensis, sp.n. (Fig. 1.)

Shell perforate, roundly ovate, moderately solid, cream-
coloured ; whorls 5}, the earlier whorls regularly increasing,
flattish, the last two rapidly increasing and rounded, the last
ascending in front, sculptured with indistinct, rather closely
set, transverse, arcuate riblets which are more apparent in
the subsutural region ; suture impressed, regularly crenellate
below by the terminations of the transverse riblets ; base of
shell rounded, almost smooth ; umbilicus moderately narrow,

Fig. 1.—Streptaxis gwandacnsis. Fig. 2.—Kaliella victoria.

deep, partly overhung by the outward expansion of the colu-
mella; columella outwardly broadened, descending obliquely
in a gentle curve, diffused above into a rather thin well-
defined callus, which reaches the upper margin of the labrum ;
labrum somewhat reflexed, receding above to form a shallow
sinus; aperture edentulate, irregularly subquadrate. ,

Alt. 16; diam. maj. 12, diam. min. 11 mm.

Aperture: alt. 8, diam. 6 mm.

Hab. Near the Geelong Mine, Gwanda District, Rhodesia.

70 Mr. H. B. Preston on the

Kaliella victoria, sp.n. (Fig. 2.)

Shell small, turbinately conic, pale reddish brown; whorls 54,
regularly increasing, the last strongly carinate at the peri-
phery, sculptured with closely set, rather fine, oblique, trans-
verse plice and microscopic, somewhat indistinct, spiral striz ;
base of shell closely spirally striate ; suture impressed ; colu-
mella obliquely descending, somewhat outwardly reflexed,
spreading above into a light, well-defined, parietal callus
which reaches the margin of the labrum; labrum simple,
acute ; aperture subrectangular.

Alt. 3; diam. maj. 3°5, diam. min. 3 mm.

Aperture: alt. 1, diam. 1°25 mm.

flab. Victoria Falls (J/. Connolly).

Distinguishable from Helix (Trochonanina) pretoriensis,
Melv. & Ponsonby %, chiefly by its less laterally compressed
form and in having spiral stria not only on the base but also
on the whorls,

Thapsiella connollyi, sp. n. (Fig. 3.)

Shell small, perforate, depressedly turbinate, pale reddish
brown, shining ; whorls 4}, rather convex, sculptured with
very oblique, closely set, somewhat wavy, transverse plice ;
base of shell sculptured with closely set, fine, revolving, wavy

Fig. 3.—Thapsiella connally?, Fig. 4.—Jaminia corrugata.

strize ; suture well impressed ; umbilicus very narrow, deep ;
columella slightly obliquely descending, outwardly expanded,
diffused above into a light, whitish, ill-defined callus which
does not reach right across the parietal wall; labrum simple ;
aperture obliquely sublunate.

Alt. 2; diam, maj. 3°25, diam. min, 3 mm.

Aperture: alt. 1, diam. 1:25 mm.

Hab. Rain Forest, Victoria Falls (If, Connolly).
* Ann, & Mag. Nat, Hist, 1890, vi, p. 469; 1892, ix, pl. iv. fig. 5,

Land-Molluscan Fauna of Rhodesia, 71

Jaminia corrugata, sp.n, (Tig. 4.)

Shell perforate, small, cylindrical, brownish bronze-colour ;
whorls 5, rather convex, the first three rapidly increasing
in both length and breadth, the last two in length only,
corrugated throughout, the third and fourth whorls being
also obliquely, somewhat irregularly and distantly plicate ;
suture deeply impressed ; umbilicus very narrow ; columella
whitish, outwardly and rather erectly expanded, obliquely
descending ; labrum also whitish, somewhat sinuous, dilated
below, erect and angled above ; aperture subquadrate, armed
with a denticle just below the margin of the labrum, and
below and to the left of this an oblique curved lamella on the
parietal wall, a slightly projecting denticle very internally
situate on the upper portion of the columella, and a small,
rather indistinct, basal denticle situated well within and rather
on the right-hand side of the shell.

Alt. 2°25, diam. maj. 1 mm.

Hab. Rain Forest, Victoria Falls (MZ. Connolly).

Fig. 5.—Achatina connollyt.

Achatina connollyi, sp.n. (Fig. 5.)

Shell allied to Achatina semisculpta, Pfr.*, from Loanda,
coast of Benguela, but differing from that species in its
nearly smooth apical whorls, whereas in A, semisculpta the
upper whorls are closely and conspicuously granulate ; the
sculpture on the later whorls in the present species is also
considerably lighter than is the case with A. semisculpta,

* Proc. Zool, Soc. London, 1845, p. 74.

72 ‘Mr. G. J. Arrow on new Species of

Alt. 33°5 ; diam. maj. 16°25, diam, min. 14°75 mm,

Aperture: alt. 16, diam. 8 mm.

Hab. Victoria Falls, Rhodesia (JZ. Connolly).

The dimensions given above are those of the type specimen,
which would seem to be an average example of the species ;
but one specimen sent to me by the collector, and which I am
unable to separate from the rest except on grounds of size,
measures as follows:—Alt. 45 ; diam. maj. 21, diam. min.
19°5 mm. Aperture: alt. 20°5, diam. 9°5 mm.

VII.—Some new Species of the Lamellicorn Genus Anomala
from Sikkim, North India. By GitBert J. ARRow.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Most of the species here described were taken by R. P.
Verschraeghen at Kurseong and sent to me for determina-
tion by Baron Paul de Moffarts, to whom the British Museum
is indebted for the types. Other specimens have been
received from Mr. K. A. d’Abreu and the Museums of Paris,
Berlin (Entom. Nat. Mus.) and Calcutta.

Anomala flavofasciata, sp. n.

Purpureo-nigra, antice cuprea, elytrorum fascia media transversa
irregulari flava: ovalis, subnitida, supra dense punctata ; clypeo
punctato-rugoso, lato, antice fere recto, fronte ubique dense
punctato ; pronoto crebre equaliter punctato, paulo iridescenti,
lateribus antice approximatis, angulis anticis acutis, posticis
perpaulo obtusis, basi 3-sinuato, immarginato; scutello bene
punctato; elytris sat profunde striatis, striis irregulariter punc-
tatis, interstitiis inequalibus, minute punctulatis; pygidio haud
subtiliter transverse strigato, apice parce piloso; metasterno
breviter fulvo-villoso ; tibiis bidentatis, pedum anticorum et
intermediorum ungue majori fisso.

Long 14-16°5 mm.; lat. max. 7°5-8°5 mm.

Hab. Suxxim: Kurseong (4700-5000 ft.—Annandale),
Gantok ; ‘Tonkin: Mauson Mts. (2000-3000 ft.—FruA-
storfer).

Black or dark brown, with a greenish or bronzy lustre,
which is scarcely traceable upon the posterior part of the
elytra, and with a transverse zigzag yellow mark, interrupted
or continuous, at the middle of the elytra. It is ovate in
shape, moderately broad in the middle, and tapering in front

Anomala from Sikkim, North India. 73

and behind. The head is densely punctured, rugosely upon
the clypeus, which is broad. ‘lhe pronotum is closely set
with deep transverse punctures and has an iridescent lustre ;
its sides are subangulate before the middle, the front angles
acute, the hind angles rectangular but slightly rounded off,
the base not margined and moderately prominent in the
middle: The scutellum is punctured like the pronotum.
The elytra bear a flattened dilatation from the shoulder to
beyond the middle ; they are deeply striated, with confused
punctures in the striz and upon the second and fourth inter.
stices, which are broad, and fine scattered punctures upon the
remaining surface. ‘he pygidium is transversely strigose
and bears a few erect tawny hairs. The metasternum is
finely punctured and pubescent, and the abdomen irregularly
striolated, with transverse rows of stout bristles. The meso-
sternum is not produced, the front tibize are bidentate, and
the larger claw of the front and middle feet is cleft.

3. The front tibial teeth are short, the claw-joint is
strongly curved and bears a short basal tooth and the lower
lobe of the inner claw is broad.

A. flavofasciata is closely related to the Chinese A. spilo-
ptera, Burm., as well as to A. flavonotata and flaviventris,
which follow. ‘The peculiar iridescent lustre of the pronotum,
and the well-marked lateral flange of the elytra will serve to
distinguish it.

This insect is nocturnal in its habits, Mr. Annandale having
noted that it hides by day in the moss under tree-trunks and
emerges at night,

Anomala flavonotata, sp. n.

Viridi-nigra vel cupreo-nigra, levissime metallica, punctis elytro-
rum singulorum tribus, plerumque in fasciam transversam flavam
conjunctis: longe ovata, nitida; capite crebre punctato, postice
nitido; clypeo lato, rugoso, margine arcuato; pronoto et scutello
minute sat crebre punctatis, illius lateribus antice approximatis,
angulis anticis acutis, posticis fere rectis, basi trisinuato, immar-
ginato; elytris parum profunde punctato-striatis, punctis postice
obsoletis, interstitiis undique minutissime punctatis; pygidio
levissime transversim strigato, apice parce piloso; metasterno
rugoso, breviter villoso; abdominis lateribus striolatis; tibiis
fortiter bidentatis, pedum anticum et intermediorum ungue
majori fisso.

Long. 15-18 mm.; lat. max. 8-9 mm.

Hab. Stxxim: Kurseong (Verschraeghen, d’ Abreu —
5000 ft.) ; Darjeeling.
Very dark greenish- or coppery-black above and beneath,

74 Mr. G. J. Arrow on new Species of

with a narrow transverse zigzag yellow band at the middle
of the elytra, sometimes breaking up into three small spots.

The body is elongate-oval, shining and moderately convex.
The clypeus is short and rounded and rugosely punctured,
the forehead closely and strongly punctured in front and thinly
behind. The pronotum is rather finely and closely punctured,
with the sides narrowed to the front, the front angles acute,
the hind angles nearly right angles, the base trisinuate and not
margined. The scutellum is well punctured and the elytra
rather unevenly punctate-striate, with a broad irregularly
punctured subsutural space. The punctures disappear
towards the apices, but the whole surface of the elytra is
sprinkled with very fine scattered punctulations. The pygi-
dium is very finely but not closely transversely strigese, with
a few long hairs towards the apex. The metasternum is
rugose and clothed with short erect pubescence and the
abdomen is striolated at the sides. The front tibia is strongly
bidentate and the larger claw of the front and middle feet
is bifid.

g. The upper surface is more minutely punctured and
shining than in the ?, the club of the antenna is longer,
and the terminal tooth of the front tibia much shorter and
sharper. The front claw-joint bears a sharp basal tooth.

@. The terminal tooth of the front tibia is very broad and
blunt.

Anomala flaviventris, sp. n.

Nigra vel purpureo-nigra, prothoracis lateribus haud late, elytro-
rum fascia media irregulari utrinque obliquata, pygidio (parte
basali excepta), corpore subtus, antennis, femoribus, tibiisque
4 anterioribus, flavis; breviter cylindrica, sat parallela, corpore
supra crebre punctato, haud nitido, subtus parce setoso; capite
dense rugoso-punctato; clypeo brevi, subquadrato; prothorace
crebre et minute punctato, lateribus medio subangulatis,
angulis posticis fere rectis, basi immarginato ; scutello punctato ;
elytris profunde striatis, striis confuse punctatis, interstitiis
alternis convexis, minute punctatis, lateribus rugosis ; pygidio
transverse striolato, parce hirto; tibiis anticis apice fortiter
bidentatis, pedum 4 anteriorum ungue majori fisso.

Long. 14°5 mm.; lat. max. 7°5 mm.

Hab, SIKKIM: Kurseong (Verschraeghen, Lynch—5000
ft.); N. BENGAL: Siliguri (Calcutta Mus.—July 1907),

Black or purplish black, with yellow markings as follows :—
Narrow lateral borders to the pronotum, an irregular trans-
verse median band common to both elytra, directed slightly
forward towards the extremities, which do not quite reach

Anomala from Sikkim, North India. 75

Co

the outer margins, the posterior part, or almost the whole, of
the pygidium, the lower surface of the body, the antenna,
femora, and front and middle tibia.

The body is elongate, rather parallel-sided, closely punc-
tured and scarcely shining above. The head is densely
rugosely punctured, with the clypeus short and nearly straight
in front. The pronotum is finely and densely punctured, with
the sides obtusely angulate in the middle, the hind angles
nearly right angles, the base not margined and very gently
trisinuate. The scutellum is closely punctured at the sides.
The elytra are deeply striated, with coarse confused punctures
in the strize and upon the alternate interstices, the remaining
intervals being narrow, convex, and minutely punctured.
The pygidium and lower surface are very thinly hairy and
the metasternum is finely and closely punctured. The front
tibia bears two strong teeth placed rather close together, and
the front and middle feet have the larger claw bifid.

The antennal club is rather long in the male, and the tibial
teeth are short and very sharp.

Three specimens taken by Verschraeghen at Kurseong are
males and have the pygidium transversely striolated and
broadly black at the base, while four specimens from the
Calcutta Museum taken at Kurseong and Siliguri are all
females, with the pygidium densely pitted and yellow, except
for a very narrow black basal line.

Anomala flavopicta, sp. n.

Pallide flava, capite, prothoracis vitta media, ad margines anticum
et posticum attingente, scutelloque nigris, levissime eneis, ely-
trorum fasciis duabus transversis irregularibus, pygidii margine
basali, medio producto, tibiis extus vel toto tarsisque nigris vel
fuscis, antennis longis et flavibus; corpore elongato sat angusto,
parallelo, haud conyexo, modice nitido ; clypeo rugoso, angusto,
omnino arcuato, fronte rugose, vertice parcius punctato; oculis
magnis ; pronoto crebre haud grosse punctato, lateribus ante
medium angulatis, antice valde conyergentibus, postice paulo
divergentibus, angulis anticis acutis, posticis fere rectis, haud
rotundatis, basi trisinuato; scutello crebre punctato ; elytris
biseriato-punctatis, fere costatis, intervallis latis, irregulariter
punctatis, toto minutissime sat parce punctulatis ; pygidio trans-
verse striolato, apice longe ciliato; metasterni lateribus dense
punctatis et fulvo-hirtis, mesosterno haud producto; tibiis anticis
fortiter bidentatis, pedum 4 anteriorum ungue majori fisso,

Long. 13-145 mm, ; lat. 7-7-5 mm,

Hab. Sikkim: Kurseong (2. A. d’ Abreu, R. P. Ver-
schraeghen) ; Darjeeling (Lruhstorfer).

76 Mr. G. J. Arrow on new Species of

Pale yellow, with the head, a median stripe upon the pro-
notum extending from front to hind margin, narrowed before
the latter but extending along it almost from side to side,
the scutellum and two irregular transverse bands upon the
elytra (the anterior one frequently reaching the base and
sometimes uniting with the posterior band) black or dark
brown, the head, thoracic markings, and scutellum faintly
metallic. The base of the pygidium, with a pointed median
prolongation, the tibiz and tarsi are also dark, the front and
middle tibize sometimes yellow on their inner side. The
antenne are long and yellow.

It is narrow, rather parallel-sided, and not convex. The
clypeus is narrow, parabolic, and rugose. The eyes are
large, the forehead very coarsely rugose, and the vertex
strongly but not densely punctured. The pronotum and
scutellum are closely punctured ; the sides of the former are
angulated before the middle, strongly convergent to the front
angles, which are acute, and slightly divergent to the hind
angles, which are nearly right angles. The elytra have
three or four pairs of punctured strize, bordering slight coste
which, like the remaining surface, are minutely and rather
sparingly punctulated. The interstices are irregularly punc-
tured. The pygidium is transversely striolated and bears
long hairs at the apex. The metasternam is densely punc-
tured and clothed with rather long yellow hair, except in the
middle, and the abdomen is strongly but not closely punctured.
There is no sternal process. The front tibiz are strongly
bidentate, and the longer claw of the front and middle feet
is cleft.

3. The inner front claw is broad and its lower edge
strongly bisinuated.

This species is related to the Chinese A. rufopartita, Fairm.,
but is longer and narrower, and the markings are paler and

oOo
less sharply defined.

Anomala anthracina, sp. n.

Nigra, nitida, capite pronotogue levissime wneis, abdomine subtus
pygidioque utrinque rufo-spilotis, antennis rufis, capite, pectore
pygidiique apice fulvo-pubescentibus; corpore convexo, parum
elongato, postice lato; capite toto crebre rugoso, opaco; clypei
margine antico levissime arcuato, reflexo; prothorace omnino
marginato, subtiliter punctato, lateribus crebre punctatis, arcuatis,
angulis posticis bene marcatis, baseos medio sat lobato, scutello
vix punctato, lateribus marginatis ; elytris intus profunde sat
eequaliter sulcatis, extus minus fortiter punctato-striatis ; pygidio
minute et crebre rugoso-punctato ; pectore longe et dense fulvo-

Anomala from Sikkim, North India. 77

hirto, abdomine fere nudo; mesosterno haud producto; tibiis
anticis bidentatis, pedum 4 anticorum ungue majori fisso.

3d, corpore breviori, pedum anticum tibia magis acute dentata,
tarso incrassato, ungue majori lato, pedum posticum calcare
longiori apice clayato.

Black, with a very feeble metallic lustre above, especially
visible upon the head and pronotum ; the mouth and antennze
dull red, and the sides of the pygidium and abdominal seg-
ments exhibiting spots of the same colour, those of the
pygidium generally uniting to form a wavy line.

The sternum is thickly clothed with long tawny hair, and
the vertex of the head and apex of the pygidium bear a few
similar hairs.

The body is stout and convex, not long, widest near the
extremity. ‘The head is densely rugose and opaque, and the
clypeus transverse and very gently curved at the front
margin. The pronotum is minutely punctured, rather densely
at the sides but more scantily on the disc; it is entirely
margined, the sides are rounded, the hind angles well marked,
and the base rather prominent in the middle. The scutellum
is scarcely punctured, but generally bears an impressed line
on each side. The elytra are deeply and rather evenly
suleate internally, less deeply and more irregularly punctate-
striate externally. The pygidium is finely and densely
punctate-rugose. The mesosternum is not produced, the
front tibia is bidentate, and the larger claw of the front and
middle tarsi is cleft.

The male has the body shorter, the front tibial teeth
sharper, the front tarsi thickened, and the larger claw very
broad. ‘The longer spur of the hind tibia is slender and
clubbed at the end.

Length 14-16 mm. ; lat. max. 8-9°5 mm.

Hab. S1KKIM: Kurseong (6000 ft.—. A. d’ Abreu,
Rh. P. Verschraeghen) ; Mungphu (Atkinson) ; Darjeeling
(Harmand),

Anomala propinqua, sp. n.

Cupreo-castanea, elytris paulo pallidioribus, pygidio abdomineque
subtus utrinque flavido-spilotis, capite, pectore pygidiique apice
fulvo-pubescentibus ; corpore modice elongato, convexo, postice
Jato ; capite crebre rugoso, opaco; clypeo antice leviter arcuato,
reflexo ; prothorace omnino marginato, subtiliter punctato,
lateribus crebre punctatis, medio angulatis, angulis posticis
acutis, baseos medio sat lobato; scutello irregulariter punctato,
utringue breviter inciso; elytris profunde geminato-striatis ;
costis 4 elevatis formantibus, intervallis irregulariter grosse

78 Mr. G. J. Arrow on new Species of

punctatis ; pygidio minute, lateribus crebre et rugose punctatis ;
pectore longe et dense fulvo-hirto, abdomine fere nudo, meso-
sterno haud producto; tibiis anticis bidentatis, pedum_4 anti-
corum ungue majori fisso.

3, pedum anticorum tibiis magis acute dentatis, tarsis crassatis
ungue majori valde dilatato et deflexo; pedum posticum calcare
longiori apice clavato.

Long. 16-18 mm. ; lat. max. 9-9°5 mm.

Hab. AssaM: Silhet, Cahar ; Stxxrm: Darjeeling.

Coppery, with the elytra chestnut, slightly metallic, the
sides of the pygidium and of the abdominal segments having
more or less distinct paler spots, those on the pygidium
generally uniting to form a wavy line. The sternum is
thickly clothed with long tawny hairs, and there are a few
similar hairs on the vertex of the head and the apex of the
pygidium.

The hody is slightly elongate, broadest near the extremity,
and convex. The head is densely rugose and opaque, and
the clypeus transverse with the front margin gently rounded.
The pronotum is completely margined and minutely punc-
tured, the punctures being fairly close in the middle and
rather dense at the sides. The lateral margins are obtusely
angulated in the middle, the hind angles are sharp, and the
base is trisinuate. The scutellum is finely punctured and
has a short linear impression on each side. Each elytron
has a deep sutural stria and four paired strie enclosing
elevated coste, and the intervening spaces are flat and
strongly and irregularly punctured. The pygidium is finely,
and at the sides densely and rugosely, punctured. The
mesosternum is not produced, the front tibia is bidentate,
and the larger claw of the front and middle feet is cleft.

The male is rather less elongate than the female, the front
tibial teeth are sharper, the front tarsus thickened and its
larger claw broad and abruptly bent. ‘The longer spur of the
hind tibia is slender and clubbed at the end.

This species, although different in colour and in the sculp-
ture of the elytra, has evidently a peculiarly close relationship
to A. anthracina, the pale marks upon the pygidium and the
curiously-shaped spur of the hind tibia of the males being
identical in the two.

Anomala marginipennis, sp. n.

Pallide testacea, fronte, elytrorum marginibus extremis humerisque
nigris, nonnunquam viridi-enescentibus, tarsis rufis: elongata,
parallela, depressa ; capite fortiter et crebre punctato, clypeo

Anomala from Sikkim, North India. 79

brevissimo, oculis magnis ; pronoto crebre punctato, toto margi-
nato, angulis anticis acutis, posticis obsoletis; scutello punctato ;
elytris profunde punctato-striatis, stria secunda antice disrupta ;
pygidio fortiter et crebre punctato, metasterno subtiliter punc-
tato, breviter pubescenti; pedis antice tibia bidentata, ungue
majori fisso. ;

Long. 14-16 mm.; lat. max. 7-8 mm.

Hab. Assam: Khasi Hills (3000-5000 ft.) ; Jorhat
(Deseme) ; Patkai Mts. (Doherty) ; NepaAL; SrxKkim: Mung-
phu (Atkinson) ; BenGaLt (Simson) : Buxar Duars (D. Now-
rojee).

Pale testaceous, with the head between the eyes, a narrow
marginal line entirely encircling each elytron and a humeral
spot black with a metallic-green lustre in certain lights, and
the tarsi red.

The form is moderately long, rather depressed and parallel-
sided. ‘The head is entirely, closely and strongly punctured,
with the clypeus very short and the eyes large and prominent.
The pronotum is everywhere closely punctured, completely
margined, with the front angles sharp, the hind angles
rounded away and the base trisinuate. The scutellum is
irregularly punctured and the elytra are deeply punctate-
striate, the second stria breaking up in the anterior half.
The pygidium is strongly and rather closely punctured, the
metasternum finely punctured and thinly pubescent. The
front tibia is bidentate and the inner front claw cleft.
The club of the antenna is rather long.

?. The eyes are smaller and the terminal tooth of the
front tibia long and blunt.

This has the closest resemblance to A. pallida, F. (Java),
and still more to A. communis, Burm., but may be readily
distinguished by the entire absence of a third tooth to the
front tibia. ‘This is also present in A. brachypus, Bates, the
only other N. Indian species. Another closely related
species, A. testacea, Bl., has bidentate front tibize, but is a
more convex and cylindrical insect, with an almost smooth
clypeus.

Anomala angusta, sp. 0.

Testacea, leviter cupreo- vel aureo-tincta, prothorace utrinque vage
fusco-plagiato: elongata, angusta, parum convexa, corpore postice
leviter amplescenti, pedibus gracilibus ; capite grosse rugoso-punc-
tato, elypeo semicirculari, sutura fere recta ; prothorace crebre fere
rude punctato, medio leviter canaliculato, lateribus haud arcuatis,
ante medium angulatis, antice valde, postice haud contractis,
angulis anticis acutis, posticis rectis, haud rotundatis, basi toto

80 Mr. G. J. Arrow on new Species of

marginato, levissime trisinuato; scutello crebre punctato, vix
angulato; elytris fortiter sat equaliter striatis, striis indistincte
punctatis, interstitiis convexis, parce punctulatis; pygidio meta-
sternique lateribus rugosis, griseo-hirtis ; abdomine grosse punc-
tato, sat parce hirto; tibiis anticis bidentatis, pedum 4 anticorum
ungue majori apice fisso.

Long. 10-12°5 mm. ; lat. 5-7 mm.

HTab. StKKIM: Mungphu (Atkinson); Kurseong (Ver-
schraeghen); Darjeeling (7000 ft.—Brunetti).

Testaceous, with a slight golden or coppery suffusion, and
with a rather vague dark patch on each side of the pronotum.

It is a long narrow insect, slightly increasing in width
from front to back, and not very convex. The head is
rugosely punctured, and the clypeus is semicircular, The
pronotum is strongly and closely punctured, lightly sul-
cate along the middle, strongly contracted in front, and
broadest at the base. The sides are angulated before the
middle, and nearly straight from there to the angles, which
are sharp, the front angles acute and the hind right angles.
The base is completely margined. The scutellum is closely
punctured and rather rounded at the apex, and the elytra are
deeply and rather evenly striated, the strize rather indistinctly
punctured, the interstices convex and very sparsely punc-
tured. The pygidium and the sides of the metasternum are
rugose and clothed with grey hair, and the abdomen is
coarsely punctured and more scantily hairy. The legs are
long and slender, the front tibia bidentate, and the longer
claw of the front and middle feet cleft at the apex, the latter
very minutely.

3. The inner front claw forms an extremely broad lamina.

@. The inner front claw is rather broad.

This species is related to A. straminea, Sem., but is much
more elongate and slightly metallic.

Anomala protea, sp. n.

Rufo-testacea, capite, thorace pedibusque levissime metallicis,
elytrorum puncta juxta-scutellari, marginibus lateralibus et api-
calibus fasciaque transversa post-mediana nigris ; vel elytris totis
nigris, Margine exiguo externo excepto; vel vertice, pronoto
(lateribus exceptis), scutello, sterno, pedibusque viridi-nigris,
elytris nigro-maculatis ; vel tota testacea, elytris rufo-maculatis :
breviter ovata, convexa, capite crebre et profunde punetato,
clypei margine antico fere recto; pronoto sat fortiter punctato,
medio paulo subtilius, lateribus fortiter rotundatis, angulis anticis
acutis, posticis obtusis, basi levissime trisinuato, immarginato ;
scutello crebre punctato; elytris profunde striatis, striis grosse

Anomala from Sikkim, North India, 81

punctatis, interstitiis angustis, 5°, 7° et 9° medio lineato-

punctatis; pygidio corporisque subtus lateribus grosse et con-

fluenter punctatis, his parce setosis; pedibus robustis, tibiis

anticis valde 3-dentatis, pedum 4 anticorum ungue majori fisso.
Long. 8-9 mm. ; lat. max. 5-5°5 mm.

Hab. SiKKiM: Kurseong (Verschraeghen) ; Mungphu (At-
kinson) ; ASSAM: Sibsagar (S. £. Peal).

Reddish-testaceous, with a slight metallic lustre upon head,
thorax, and legs ; the elytra non-metallic and decorated with
black markings, consisting of a large spot adjoining the
scutellum on each side, broad lateral and apical margins and
an irregular transverse band beyond the middle joining the
lateral borders, the suture being reddish: or

the colour may be entirely pale, with reddish markings as
described upon the elytra: or

the elytra may be entirely black, with very narrow anterior
and external margins reddish-testaceous like the remainder of
the body: or

the forehead, prothorax (except narrow lateral margins),
scutellum, and legs may be metallic greenish black, the
elytra with black bands as described.

It is a small, globose, shortly ovate insect. The head is
coarsely and closely punctured, with the clypeus broad and
nearly straight in front. The pronotum is strongly punc-
tured at the sides, a little more finely in the middle, with the
lateral margins strongly rounded, the front angles sharp, the
hind angles obtuse, and the base very gently trisinuate and
not margined. The scutellum is strongly punctured, and
the elytra are deeply punctate-striate, the punctures large
and annular, the interstices narrow, and the fifth, seventh,
and ninth divided by longitudinal rows of punctures. The
pygidium and the sides of the body beneath are coarsely and
confluently punctured, the latter scantily hairy. ‘There is no
sternal process. ‘The legs are stout, the front tibia strongly
tridentate, and the larger claw of the front and middle feet
is deeply cleft.

3. The inner front claw is very broad.

‘Lhis species is similar in shape and pattern to A. decorata,
Kirseh, but it is a little smaller; the pronotum is much less
densely punetured and the colour is not the same. ‘The
markings are remarkably inconstant. I have seen six speci-
mens, most, if not all, males, but two specimens decorated
with red instead of black may be females, being so frag-
mentary as to render the sex indeterminable.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. ix. 6

82 Mr. G. J. Arrow on new Species of

Anomala pusilla, sp. n.

Aureo- vel viridi-testacea, capite, macula prothoracis elongata
extus utringue angulata (nonnunquam obsolescenti) saturate
viridibus, antennis nigris: ovata, parum conyexa, nitida, antice
et postice valde angustata; capite fortissime rugoso-punctato,
clypeo parvo, rotundato, sutura fere obsoleta, vertice profunde
punctato ; prothoracis lateribus fortiter sed parcissime, medio
vix, punctato, marginibus lateralibus medio valde angulatis, v1x
arcuatis, angulis anticis et posticis acutis, basi medio late rotun-
dato, immarginato; scutello fere levi, acute angulato ; elytris
sat profunde striato-punctatis ; pygidio grosse rugoso, apice longe
fulvo-hirto ; metasterni lateribus rugosis, parce fulvo-hirtis ;
mesosterno paulo producto, compresso, elevato; tibiis fortiter
bidentatis, pedum 4 anticorum ungue majori fisso:

dg, tibiis tarsisque obscure viridibus :

© , tibiis tarsisque cupreis. 4

Long. 7-9 mm.; lat. 3-5-5 mm.

Had. SixKIM: Mungphu (Atkinson) ; Kurseong (Ver-
schraeghen) ; Shamdang; AssAM: Manipur (Doherty) : Shil-
long; Nepau: Soondrigal.

Pale yellow, with a golden or golden-green suffusion, the
head and a longitudinal patch on each side of the pronotum
(angulated externally and not attaining the front or hind
margin) dark green.

It is ovate, much narrowed in front and behind and not
very convex. ‘The head is very deeply and rugosely punc-
tured, the clypeus small and rounded, and the suture almost
obliterated. ‘The pronotum is coarsely but sparsely punctured
at the sides and almost smooth in the middle; the sides are
strongly angulated in the middle and nearly straight from
there to the front and hind angles, which are sharp; the
base is broadly rounded in the middle and not margined.
The scutellum is smooth and sharply pointed. The elytra
are coarsely and deeply striate-punctate. Tle pygidium is
coarsely rugose and bears a few long hairs near the apex.
The metasternum is rugose and thinly pubescent, and the
abdomen is coarsely punctured. The mesosternum forms a
broad, compressed, slightly prominent lamina. The front
tibie are strongly bidentate, and the larger claw of the front
and middle feet is cleft.

The male is smaller, its elytra less broad, the prothorax
less contracted anteriorly ; the tibiw and tarsi are dark green,
the apical tooth of the front tibia is acute, the upper tooth
slight, and the inner front claw broad.

9. The shape is more oval, the elytra have the outer
margins dilated and thickened from the shoulder to the

Anomala from Sikkim, North India. 83

middle, the tibize and tarsi are copper-coloured, and the apica]
tooth of the front tibia is rather blunt.

This is one of the small species having evident relationship
to Popillia but differing in the absence of e:margination to
the pronotum in front of the scutellum.

~ Anomala (Callistethus) tumidicauda, sp. n.

Lete rufo-aurantiaca, corpore subtus pedibusque viridi-wneis, capite
et prothorace supra igneo-micantibus, hujus lateribus anguste
purpureo-maculatis pygidioque leviter viridi-suffuso: oblonga,
polita, modice convexa, corporesubtus griseo-hirto; capite, pronoto
scutelloque politissimis, subtilissime punctulatis; clypeo lato,
antrorsum leyviter contracto, margine antico fera recto, modice
reflexo ; pronoto sat lato, antice contracto, lateribus vix arcuatis,
ante medium angulatis, angulis anticis acutissimis, posticis fere
rectis, basi immarginato, medio late lobato; elytris minute
punctatis, punctis nonnullis biseriatis, lateribus vix explanatis ;
pygidio levissimo, apice conico, parcissime hirto; processu
mesosternali gracili, acuto, curvato, metasterno lateraliter dense
punctato, medio levi; tibiis anticis bidentatis, pedum 4 anti-
corum ungue majori fisso.

Long. 14-16°5 mm. ; lat. max. 7-8°5 mm.

* Tab. Stxxim: Darjeeling (Fruhstorfer, Harmand) ; Kur-
seong (6000 ft—d’ Abreu).

Reddish orange, with the legs and lower surface metallic
green, the head, prothorax, and scutellum suffused with
crimson or golden red, and the pygidium with a pale greenish
lustre, and the lateral margins of the prothorax having a
narrow patch of a deep violet colour.

The body is oblong, very smooth and shining, and mode-
rately convex. The head, pronotum, and scutellum are
extremely smooth, with scarcely perceptible punctures; the
clypeus is broad, narrowed slightly to the front margin,
which is nearly straight and gently reflexed, and the clypeal
suture is well marked and nearly straight. The pronotum is
broad at the base and strongly narrowed to the front, with
the sides scarcely curved, but feebly angulated before the
middle, the front angles very acute, the hind angles almost
right angles, the base rather prominent in the middle and not
margined. The elytra are smooth and very minutely punc-
tured, some of the punctures forming double rows upon the
outer part. The outer margins are slightly flattened behind
the shoulders for less than one-third of their length. The
pygidium is extremely smooth and glossy and conically
protuberant before the extremity, and there are a very few
erect hairs in its hinder part, The mesosternal process is

6%

84 Mr. O. Thomas on

slender, strongly curved, and acute. The metasternum is
closely punctured and shortly pubescent at the sides and
smooth in the middle, and the abdomen is smooth, with
scanty pubescence at the sides. The front tibia is bidentate,
and the longer claw of the front and middle feet cleft. The
antennal club is long in both sexes.

gd. The terminal tooth of the tibia is short and sharp.

?. The terminal tooth of the tibia is long and blunt.

The following species of Anomala also occur in Sikkim :—

A, erythroptera, Kr.

A, (Adoretosoma) elegans, B).

A, (Callistethus) auronitens, Hope.
A. (Callistethus) pterygophorus, O).

VIII.— On small Mammals from the Lower Amazon.
By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

I OWE again to the kindness of the authorities of the Goeldi
Museum, Para, the opportunity of examining a number of
small mammals from the Lower Amazon recently added to
that Museum.

Apart from a few odd specimens from localities near Para,
the series consists of two collections—the one made by the
Director of the Museum, Fraulein Dr. E. Snethlage, at
Boim, near the mouth of the Tapajoz ; and the other formed
by one of her pupils, Mr. Oscar Martins, at Faro, on the
north side of the Amazon, near the mouth of the River
Yamunda, some 200 kilometres N.W. of Boim.

The whole set prove to be of great interest, and show that
further mammal collecting in this region is likely to result in
valuable discoveries. Not only are there two very striking
new species, the marmoset from Faro and the Peramys from
Boim, but that most interesting group the Loncherine is repre-
sented by a number of little-known species, of which the
most notable is Jsothrix pagurus, now again obtained for the
tirst time since its discovery seventy years ago.

The following is a list of all the specimens sent.

Alouatta seniculus, L.
One specimen.

oe 6)
Qn

Mammals from the Lower Amazon.

Callithrix argentata, L.
gd. 1,2. Mararu, Rio Tapajoz, near Santarem.

Callithriz santaremensis, Matsch.

3.14. Boim, Rio Tapajoz (Fraulein E. Snethlage).

Leontocebus martinsi, sp. n.

do. 1, 2 (young), 3, 31 (young); ¢?. 5. Faro, Lower
Yamundé River (Uscar Martins).

Precisely like ZL. bicolor, except that the head and fore
limbs are of normal coloration, corresponding to the rest of
the animal, not sharply contrasted white.

Head (in adult) naked from crown to chin, the skin black.
Scanty hairs of back of crown and the nape black or brownish
black. General colour of back and sides isabella, darkened
along the dorsal area, the middle posterior back almost
blackish. Under surface tawny ochraceous, duller ante-
riorly, richer posteriorly. Ears quite naked, black. Arms
proximally isabella, buffy yellowish on forearms, hands
cream-buif or rather more yellowish ; whole inner side of
arms ochraceous. Hind limbs externally isabella, becoming
suffused with tawny towards ankles; inner aspect rich
ochraceous, tending towards ochraceous rufous. Feet
yellowish buffy. ‘l'ail black above nearly to the tip; under-
side and end sharply defined ochraceous.

Young specimens with the crown well-haired, blackish
mixed with greyish; face and chin thinly haired, greyish ;
ears with black hairs about half an inch in length.

Skull and teeth essentially as in L. bicolor.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 208 mm. ; tail 366 ; hind foot 61; ear 31.

Skull: occiput to gnathion 51; basion to gnathion 36 ;
zygomatic breadth 35°5; breadth across orbits 28°8; breadth
of brain-case 27°5 ; length of upper cheek-tooth-series 10.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 11.12. 22.2. Original
number 3, Collected 27th April, 1911.

This beautiful and interesting new marmoset, which I
have much pleasure in naming after its discoverer, is an
exact replica of Z. bicolor in its naked head and in its colora-
tion posterior to the head and fore limbs. But instead of
having these, as in L. bicolor, conspicuously contrasted pure
white, they are coloured quite normally in correspondence
with the rest of the animal. It might therefore have been
presumed that the present was a more ancestral form, from

86 Mr. O. Thomas on

which Z. bicolor had been evolved by the accidental oceur-
rence and then gradual predominance of semi-albinistic
individuals of this normally coloured species. But the fact
that the very young specimen of ZL. martinsi has its face and
the sides of its erown clothed with silvery-grey hairs tells
against this theory and in favour of the ancestors of both
species having had heads of a grey colour.

The rule that ‘ Natura non facit saltum,” which I believe
to be generally true of mammal coloration, has therefore
not got an exception in this marmoset, as I at first believed to
be the case.

Dasypterus ega, Gerv.
9.400. aBaror

Myotis nigrieans, Wied.
@. 28. Benevides, E.F.B., near Para.

Saccopteryz bilineata, Temm.
dg. 22. Parana de Faro.

Saccopteryx leptura, Schr.
9. 4. Benevides, E.¥.B., near Para.

Rhynehiscus naso, Wied.

. 20, 293) 9 20; 2a... ato;
. 4. Apehu, E.F.B.

O, Oy

Noetilio albiventer, Spix-
9. eb aroe

Molossus obscurus, Geoft.

(9.57) 2 oe de, s sears

Lumops trumbulli, Thos.

Bx, os". Paro,

Specimens from Ega in the collection of Mr. Tomes,
determined by him as L. perotis, also prove to belong to this
smaller Amazonian species. Examples of the three large-
toothed LZ. perotis are in the Museum collection from Lagoa

Santa and Cordova; its type locality was the Parahyba
River, Rio Janeiro.

OE EE

DH
~l

Mammals from the Lower Amazon.

Flemiderma perspicillatum, L.
36.8; 2.9. Boim, R. Tapajoz (2. Srethlage).
d6.1,3; 2.2. Apehu, near Para.

Glossophaga soricina, Pall.

g 37; fy fo 11, 12, 14, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39. Faro.
“In ano ouse,”’

Artibeus cinereus, Gerv.

6. 2,3; 9.1. Benevides, E.F.B., near Para.
?. 33. Faro.

Seiurus estuans gilvigularis, Wagn.

9. 25. Faro (O. Martins).
Nearly topotypical, S. gilvigularis having been described
from Borba. Four pairs of mamme.

Nectomys squamipes, Bts.
6.14. Benevides, near Para.

(Hecomys tapajinus, Thos.

oes ge. t. Marajo.
Somewhat intermediate between CG. tapajinus and @.
guiane.

Dactylomys dactylinus canescens, subsp. n.

Essential characters as in true dactylinus, but colour greyer
and less buffy. Flanks especially clear greyish, without
any of the buffy so strongly marked in the type form.
Rusty colour of underfur strongly marked along the middle
dorsal area. Back of hind legs rich ochraceous. Under
surface white.

Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :—

Head and body (c.) 300 mm.; tail 420; hind foot 58.

Skull: condylo-basal length 73; condylo-incisive length
70; zygomatic breadth 38°5 ; upper tooth-series 21°5.

fab. Itacoatiara, below Manaos, Middle Amazons.

Type. Adult. B.M. no. 11.12. 22.15. Collected October,
1911, by Mr. W. M. Mann.

It has not been by any means easy to settle what should
be taken as the type form of Dactylomys, for the original

§8 Mr. O. Thomas on

specimen of Echimys dactylinus, Desm., was without locality,
and the several descriptions of different dates do not entirely
agree with each other—probably owing to the progressive
deterioration and bleaching of the type specimen.

Taking for this reason the earliest account as the most
valid, we have the two by Desmarest * in 1817 and 1822, in
which it is clearly stated that the animal was “ jaunatre sur
je dos’ and “ presque roux f sur les flanes,” the latter being
the most characteristic mark of the Rio Napo specimens in
the British Museum as compared with the skin from Itacoa-
tiara. I therefore propose to consider the Upper Amazon
animal as true dactylinus, and that from the river lower down
as a new form.

This would also fall in with Dr. Jentink’s identification of
his specimens from Nauta (near the Rio Napo) as D. dacty-
linus.

Loncheres grandis, Wagn.
3. 21; 9.24. Parana de Faro (Oscar Martins).

Loncheres armatus, Geoff.

gd. 20. Parana de Faro (0. Martins).

Tsothrix pagurus, Wagn.

3. 3. Boim, Rio Tapajoz (Z. Snethlage).

As has happened with several members of the present
family, this species was described from a specimen which
had lost its tail, and as it has never been rediscovered until
now, the present is the first perfect specimen ever recorded.
The tail is longer than the head and body, uniformly clothed
beyond the basal inch with soft hairs 7-8 mm. in length, not
specially lengthened at the tip. The base is, as usual,
coloured like the body ; then follows a short zone (an inch
above and three below) of dull buffy, the remainder, above
and below, being blackish proximally and brown terminally,

The original specimen, a female by the description, though
referred to as a male, was obtained by Natterer at Borba, on
the Lower Madeira, about 300 miles west of the present
locality, in 1830, and described by Wagner in 1845. It is

now in the Vienna Museum, where I have examined it.

* N. Dict. d’H. N. (2) x. p. 57 (1817) ; Mamm, ii. p. 291 (1822).
+ The early French authors always described as “roux” what we
should now call “ buff,” not any colour we should look upon as “ red.”

Mammals from the Lower Amazon. 89

The measurements of the present specimen are as follows :—
Head and body 189 mm. ; tail 236 ; hind foot 37; ear 16.

Fiiiulein Snethlage is to be congratulated on her rediscovery
of this rare and interesting animal.

Proechimys oris, Thos.

6. 7,13,15; 2.6. Boim (Dr. Snethlage).

9.18. Fazenda Paraizo, Faro (O. Martins).

3d. 21. Benevides, E.F.B., near Para.

The Boim specimens are mostly more brightly rufous than
is usual in Para examples, but no. 6 is quite of the normal
colour.

Proechimys goeldii, Thos.

6.19. Fazenda Paraizo, Faro (0. Martins).

‘his rare species may be recognized externally by its
brown feet, the more bowed and heavier shape of the skull,
aud the extra lamin in its teeth.

Besides the type the British Museum contains two separate
skulls, also from Santarem, received from Dr. Goeldi, but the
present is the first properly prepared skin that I have had
the opportunity of seeing. Its hind foot measures 50 mm.

Bradypus tridactylus, L.
eon ta. Faro.

Tamandua tetradactyla, L.
Two specimens.

Peramys americanus, Miill.

6. 24. Benevides, E.F.B., near Para.

Peramys emilie, sp. n.

6. 4,11; 9.12. Boim, R. Tapajoz (Frdulein Sneth-
lage).

Coloration somewhat as in P. scalops, but belly paler.
Teeth larger.

General appearance about as in P. scalops, the upper sur-
face similarly grey (‘“ mouse-grey ’’), turning to rufous on
face and rump. Under surface dull pinkish buff, not sharply
defined laterally, the hairs buffy to their roots; but this
colour in two out of the three specimens is overlaid by

90 On Mammals from the Lower Amazon,

the peculiar rose-colour referred to in Fraulein Snethlage’s
note below. Crown and face dull fulvous brown, the side of
the face in front of the earalso fulvous. Ears short, rounded,
practically naked, their few minute hairs fulvous. Rump
rich rufous, almost ‘‘ orange-rufous.” Fore limbs greyish
buffy above, pinkish buff on inner aspect; hind limbs
rufous to ankles, buffy on inner aspect and feet. Tail rich
rufous, in continuation with rump, above, pinkish bufty
below ; line of demarcation not sharply marked.

In specimens 11 and 12 the colour is darker throughout,
the rump and tail being rather rufous brown than rufous.

Skull not of the peculiar slender muzzled shape of that of
P. scalops, but more normal in outline, the muzzle evenly
conical. Nasals long, greatly expanded behind. Supra-
orbital edges square, though not sharply so, thickened, but
not forming postorbital processes. Palatal vacuities small,
opposite the first two molariform teeth.

Teeth of normal size, larger throughout than in P. scalops,
the three upper premolars evenly increasing in size backwards.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 129 mm.; tail 60; hind foot 21; ear 15.

Skull: condylo-basal length 33°3; basal length 31°3 ;
zy gomatic breadth 18°4; nasals 16 x 5:7 ; interorbital breadth
73; intertemporal breadth 6:1; palatal length 18°2 ; front of
canine to back of last molar 13°3; breadth between outer
corners of m* 11'4; three anterior molariform teeth 6.

fab. as above.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 11.12. 22.16. Original
number 4. Collected 13th September, 1911.

This very pretty little opossum, which is named in honour
of its discoverer, has the general colour-scheme of P. scalops,
although the rufous of head and rump is not so bright and
the belly-hairs are not plumbeous basally. The skull, how-
ever, is quite different in shape.

With regard to the peculiar rose-colour now shown on the
belly of no. 4 and in part of no. 11, Friulein Snethlage
writes :—“ The first one that I got (no. 4) had the underparts
of a rather vivid rusty red, which changed during the night
to the rose-colour that it now shows. No. 11 was shot by
my preparator among dry palm-leaves on the ground, and he
assures me that its belly was already rose-colour when he
picked it up; it certainly was when | saw it half an hour
later.’ No. 12 has no trace of this rose-colour, which would
seem to be akin to the fugitive purplish colour visible on
freshly killed examples of Lutreolina crassicaudata, as I have
myself seen in La Plata.

Notes on Phascogale and Chetocereus, 91

IX.—WNotes on Phascogale and Chetocercus.
By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In a small collection of mammals from Mount Goliath,
Dutch New Guinea, obtained by Mr. A. S. Meek, there occur
three specimens of a large and very handsome Phascogale,
apparently quite unlike anything previously known. But
among the species of this genus recently described by Dr.
Jentink there is a certain PA. lorentz?, nearly wholly black,
and bearing in mind the frequency with which Phascogales
are melanoid, [ have made a careful examination of its
characters—assisted by further notes kindly supplied me by
Dr. Jentink—and now conclude that Mr. Meek’s specimens
belong to that species.

The following are the external characteristics of the non-
melanoid specimens, which are all males, Dr. Jentink’s
example being a female :—

Size largest of the genus. Fur very long; the general
mass of the dorsal hairs 12-13 mm. in length, the numerous
longer isolated hairs attaining 21 mm. General colour above
deep rich rufous, profusely speckled with whitish, the whole
resembling the speckled colour of the back of PA. apicalis,
but far richer and deeper; underfur blackish at base, rich
rufous terminally, long hairs with white subterminal bands
and black tips. Sides more greyish, though still of the same
freckled character. Under surface dull ochraceous buff or
clay-colour, the hairs slaty at base. Head rufous brown, not
freckled. Ears of medium length, their outer side whitish,
inner side greyish brown. Forearms dull ferruginous ; hands
brown, claws very long, littlecurved. Similarly, behind, the
legs are deep rusty, the feet brown, the claws very long and
strong. ‘Tail about as long as the head and body, its basal
three inches furred and coloured like the body, the middle
portion clothed with straight brown hairs about 6 mm. in
length, closely adpressed, the terminal inch and a half white,
the hairs of the extreme tip attaining nearly an inch in length.

The length of the skull attains 53 mm., and that of the
tliree anterior molariform teeth 8°5 mm.

This fine species is the extreme of the fossorial branch of
Phascogale, the genus tending to divide itself into two groups
which it may hereafter be advisable to consider as genera.
The one, typical, containing Ph. penicillata and the majority

92 Notes on Phascogale and Chetocercus.

of the Australian species, with short curved claws, broad
flattened skull, and with 2} always markedly differentiated
from the other incisors ; and the second, of which Ph. lo-
rentzi is the extreme, with long more or less fossorial claws,
a narrow skull, rounded above, with long slender muzzle,
and with 7d generally little or not differentiated from the
other incisors. Into this latter group would come the Tas-
manian PA, minima and swainsont, Ph. apicalis, nearly all
the New Guinea species, and also Ph. wallacei, from which
the generic name, if a genus were distinguished, would be
Myoictis. But the line between the two groups is not very
sharply defined, and the subject may, perhaps, be left for
further investigation.

But one species, Krefft’s “ Chatocercus cristicauda,” hitherto
placed in Phascogale, differs in such a marked way from all
the others in its hypertrophied bulle and peculiar feet that I
think it should be recognized as generically different from
the rest, and would therefore restore to it the name Cheto-
cercus given it by its original describer.

The following is a new subspecies belonging to true
Phascogale :—

Phascogale melanura modesta, subsp. 0.

Like typical melanura in all respects except that the rufous
patch behind the ears is practically obsolete, the hairs corre-
sponding to it slaty basally and only duli rufous just at their
tips. ‘Tail brown rather than black.

Dimensions of the typical skin :—

Head and body 106 mm.; tail 126; hind foot (wet) 20;
ear (wet) 13.

Hab. Mount Goliath, Dutch New Guinea.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 11.11. 29.11. Collected
by Mr. A. S. Meek.

Ph. melanura was originally described from two spirit-
specimens, and on this account the brightness of the ear-
patches was hardly sufficiently emphasized. A fresh skin of
it, however, obtained by Mr. W. Stalker at Tamata, Mam-
bare R., British New Guinea, has the patches bright ochra-
ceous to the roots of the hairs, and a renewed examination of
the alcoholic co-type in the Museum shows that this is the
normal condition in the Eastern form.

On Far-Fastern Species of Myospalax. 93

X.—Revised Determinations of Two Far-Eastern Species
of Myospalax. By OLDFIELD ‘THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THANKS to the kindness of Prof. Trouessart I have been
enabled to make a direct comparison of the typical skulls of
Myospalax fontanieri and psilurus with the two series from
Shan-si and Mantchuria, which I had recently referred
respectively to those species, but on whose determination
doubt has been thrown by Mr. Miller.

These doubts appear to have been well founded, the types
differing enough in each case from the good series I have
been able to compare them with to justify me in describing
the latter as new.

Myospalazr fontanus, sp. n.
M. fontanteri, Thos. P. Z. S. 1908, p. 978, nec M.-Edw.

Feet mostly naked, the hair only thinly spread on the
proximal part of the metapodials.

Skull with the essential characters of that of M. fontanier?,
which is no doubt its nearest ally. Size about as in that
species. Muzzle normalin shape, more or less parallel-sided,
not of the peculiar conical outline correctly indicated for the
type in fig. 7 of Milne-Edwards’s plate *. Anteorbital foramen
very much as in other species, e. g. as figured on the same
plate figs. 1-3; its outline triangular with a deep notch
below, its outer plate with a strongly developed projecting
ridge running downwards past the foramen itself towards the
palatal surface ; the posterior upper bridge comparatively
narrow. [In M. fontanieri the foramen is low from above
downwards, its lower corner rounded, its outer wall not pro-
jecting forwards and scarcely ridged, its posterior upper-
bridge broad.] Interorbital region lengthened at the expense
of the brain-case, the temporal fossa, as measured from the
transverse masseteric crest to the sharply developed antero-
external angle of the brain-case, much shorter in proportion
to the true orbital region; the supraorbital edges sharpened.
[In M. fontaniert the temporal fosse are long, the orbital
region short, the supraorbital edges rounded, and the antero-
external corners ot the brain-case not sharply angular. |
Palatal foramina rather shorter than in fontaniert and meso-
pterygoid fossa slightly narrower. Molars quite similar

* Rech. Mamm. pl. 8.

94 On Far-Eustern Species of Myospalax.

throughout, or perhaps a little broader, this depending in part
on the age of the individuals. Incisors rather less obliquely
twisted, more as in other species; those of the type of
fontaniert with an unusual degree of slanting along their
outer edges.

External dimensions of type (taken in the flesh) :—

Head and body 203 mm. ; tail 70; hind foot 35.

Skulls of adult male and female, the first the type:
condylo-basal length 49°8, 48°5; condylo-incisive length *
49°6, 47°9; zygomatic breadth 38°5, 35; nasals 19°5 x 8,
18x 7:2; breadth of anteorbital bridge 2°2, 2:1; interorbital
breadth 10-4, 9°1; length of masseteric fossa 13°3, 13°2;
posterior breadth on transverse crests 37, 33; palatilar
length 25:3, 25; palatal foramina 7°7, 7:3; upper molar
series (alveoli) 12, 11°8.

Fab, Central Shan-si. Type from Ning-wu-fu, 6000’.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 9.1.1. 209. Original
number 2001 f. Collected 23rd June, 1908, by M. P.
Anderson and A. de C. Sowerby; presented by H.G. The
Duke of Bedford, K.G. Eleven specimens.

The considerable difference in the structure of the muzzle
and anteorbital foramen affords quite sufficient reason for
distinguishing the Shan-si mole-rat from that described by
Milne-Edwards.

Myospalax epsilanus, sp. 0.

M. psilurus, Thos. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) iv. p. 503 (1909), nec
M.-Edw.

External characters about as in psilurus. Metapodials
thinly hairy, digits naked. A white coronal streak present.

Skull very like that of psclurus, but with certain constant
differences, Nasals with their anterior third, after the first
slight narrowing, again convex outwards on each side, about
as drawn on the left side of Milne-Edwards’s figure of the
skull of pstlurus ¢; the figure is thus not correct, as in the
type the two sides even diverge forwards, both sides being as
drawn on the right of the figure. Anteorbital foramen with
its outer wall not projected forwards above, or only very
slightly in old age, the anterior profile-line from the shoulder
of the zygoma to the muzzle joining the latter practically

* An exceedingly old male, with greatly developed cranial ridges, has
a condylo-incisive length of 54:2 mm., but I have not thought it advisable
to select so exaggerated a specimen as the type.

+ Accidentally enumerated among the females in my previous paper.

t Pl. 9a. fig. 2.

On a new Nyctimene from New Guinea. 95

without break, when viewed from above. In psilurus there
is a strong projection forwards, as correctly shown in fig. 1,
this projection being less, though still evident, in the younger
specimens which alone I had previously been able to see.
Throughout the series this difference is quite marked if
specimens of corresponding age are compared, though the
projection of old epsi/anus is equal to that of young psilurus.
Zygomata somewhat more widely spread. Interorbital
region narrower, the crests approaching each other above
much more closely anteriorly than on the parietals, these
ridges being practically parallel in psilurus. Mesopterygoid
fossa slightly broader.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 209 mm.; tail 43; hind foot 36.

Skulls of old male and female, the first the type: condylo-
basal length 49°5, 47; condylo-incisive length 49, 46;
zygomatic breadth 37°3, 32°6; nasals 18°3x9, 17-4x8;
interorbital breadth across ridges on upper surface 4°7, 6:4;
breadth across ridges on parietals 8, 10; posterior breadth
on transverse ridges 31, 28; palatilar length 25°7, 24:5;
palatal foramina 5°8, 5:4; upper molar series (alveoli) 11,
10°8.

Hab. Khingan Mts., Mantchuria, 3400’.

Type. Oldmale. B.M.no.10.5.1.75. Original number
40. Obtained 15th June, 1908, by Mr. Alan Owston’s
collector Orié. ‘Ten specimens examined.

This species is separable from JZ. psilurus by the different
structure of the anteorbital region and parietal crests, these
differences not coming out in comparison with the younger
examples of Milne-Edwards’s species, which alone I was
able to examine in 1909. ‘The respective localities of the
two animals are about 1200 kilometers apart.

The specific name refers to the epsilon-like form of the
upper molars, especially m°.

XI.—A new Nyctimene from New Guinea.
By Kxnup ANDERSEN.

Nyctimene certans, sp. n.

Most nearly related to N. cyclotis (Arfak Mis.)*, but
dentition much heavier and colour of fur much darker.
Size as N. eyelotas or little larger (forearm of type 58 mm.) ;

* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vi. p. 623 (Dee, 1910),

96 Dr. R. C. L. Perkins on Aculeate

ears as in cyclot’s, unusually broad, semicircularly rounded
off above, and narrowly edged all one with yellow, this
yellow edge interrupted here and there by the dark central
colour of the conch breaking through to margin of conch.
Molariform teeth, as in cyclotis, subcireular in “outline, with
m? and m, conspicuously smaller than, respectively, p* and Pas
but all teeth much heavier, particularly broader, than in the
related species: p® (length and breadth) of type (between
parentheses corresponding measurements of the type of
cyclotis, for comparison) 2°2x 2:1 (2:°0x1°7), p* 2°0x1°8
(1°8x 1:6), m?1:8x1°6 (1:6 x1°3), p3 2°5x 2:0 (23x17),
Pg 2°38 X 2°0 (2°L x 1°7), m,.2°0x 1°7 (1:9x 1:5), my 1-3 x 12
(1:°2x 1:1). Colour of fur peculiarly mottled above, as in
NV. cyclotis, but much darker: individual hairs of back seal-
brown at extreme base (for about 5 mm.), then very pale
buffy wood-brown (for 5-6 mm.), with short (2 mm.) dark
brown tips; the mottled appearance of the colour of the head
and back due to the dark brown tips of the hairs being too
short to cover completely the paler middle portion of the
hairs; a narrow and somewhat ill-defined dark brown spinal
stripe along posterior half of back; breast and belly pale
greyish drab in centre, flanks fawn.

Type, skin and skull of an adult (unsexed), Mount Goliath,
Dutch New Guinea, 20 Jan. 1911, collected by. A. S.
Meek, B.M. no. 11. 11. 29. 1. ‘Two other specimens, from
the Upper Aroa River, British New Guinea, are in the
collection of the British Museum.

Thirteen species of Nyctimene are now known; of these no
less than five are New Guinean, viz. N. papuanus, cyclotis,
certans, geminus, and aéllo,—no place has so rich a Nycitmene
fauna as New Guinea.

XII.—Notes, with Descriptions of new Species, on Aculeate
Hymenoptera of the Australian Region. By R. C. L.
Perxins, M.A., D.Sc., F.Z.S.

Meroerossa, Smith, and Patmoruiza, Perkins.

Tue genera Meroglossa and Paleorhiza contain a large
number of Australian bees of exceptional interest, owing to
the fact that there is a quite unique sexual dimorphism in
the mouth-parts. In the males the apex of the ligula, or tip
of the tongue, is acute, while in the females it is of the

FTymenoptera of the Australian Region. 97

ordinary blunt form of the other Prosopid. It has been
customary with some hymenopterists to speak of the Proso-
pide as being the most primitive of bees on account of the
lingual characters, the blunt tongue being somewhat similar
to that of wasps; but in many other respects they contain
very highly evoluted forms.

It seems to me now to be very doubtful, owing to the
condition of the tongue of the male of these two genera,
whether the blunt tongue is a primitive character at all, and
not rather a special development, and that the pointed organ
of the male may be the more primitive. It has always been
perplexing to find somewhat similar blunt tongues in another
family (Colletidz), which otherwise has so little in common
with the Prosopide. It seems hardly possible that the males
of Meroglossa and Paleorhiza should have specially deve-
loped a tongue quite different from the females for any
special purpose ; but we do know that both the Prosopide
and the very different Colletidee have in common the habit
of smearing their cells with a peculiar secretion, which forms
a receptacle for the larval food stored therein. This work
is of course done entirely by the females, and, so far as is
known, is quite peculiar to the two families of bees that have
these blunt or bifid tongues.

It should not be at all surprising to find that some males
have not acquired the same structure of the mouth-parts,
since they do not perform the same function. Somewhat
analogous cases may be seen in other Hymenoptera, e. g. im
the Dryinidse, wherein the males in some genera closely
resemble their females in important characters, while in others
the females, being moditied for a special purpose, become
extremely different, the males remaining in a very un-
specialized condition. This is so much the case that syste-
matists have even placed in different subfamilies females
whose males are with difficulty separable generically !
Although the bees may have originated from some blunt-
tongued fossorial wasp, I do not think that the blunt-
tongued bees can be any longer brought forward as evidence
of this,

Prof. Cockerell has remarked that Paleorhiza is but ‘‘ at
the best a subgenus” of Meroglossa; but 1 think it is a quite
distinct genus, and unless one proposes to sink both genera
in Prosopis, to which few, if any, hymenopterists would
agree, it must be maintained. There is at present some
difficulty in distinguishiug females of both these genera from
certain species of Prosopis ; but this is no doubt due partly to
insufficient study and partly to the fact that Prosopis itself

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. ix. 7

98 Dr. R. C. L. Perkins on Aculeate

is not a homegeneous group of species, but itself contains
a number of genera. Until entomologists will take the
trouble to examine the male terminal segments and genitalia
of Prosopis it is unlikely that any very satisfactory classifi-
cation will be forthcoming. It is, of course, unfortunate
that no equally good characters have yet been discovered in
the females, but, doubtless, when the males are satisfactorily
classified it will be possible to find characters in the more
difficult females. Having at various times during the past
six years done some little work on these Australian bees, I
recently took the opportunity of examining the large collec-
tion in the British Museum, where are most of the very
numerous species described by Prof. Cockerell and the late
F. Smith. The time at my disposal was quite insufficient
for a satisfactory study of more than a fraction of the total
number of species, but these I examined fairly thoroughly.
Many species I did not examine at all.

Males of Paleorhiza are easily distinguished from Mero-
glossa by the simple scape of the antennz, which in the
latter is always greatly swollen in a manner quite peculiar to
the genus; Meroglossa also has the face extraordinarily
channelled. Paleorhiza has a very simple form of genital
armature, that of Meroglossa is very specialized.

In the female of Meroglossa the second segment of the
abdomen has a very wide basal area, with the sculpture very
different from that of the apical portion of the segment ; the
posterior boundary of this basal area is always strongly
curved, so that it is longest in the middle line, and it is
always more or less exposed. In Paleorhiza there is at
most only a narrow hasal transverse area, and it is entirely
concealed, unless the second segment be unnaturally dis-
tended. Some species of Prosopis have in the female a basal
area somewhat like that of Meroglossa, but these are other-
wise quite different im facies.

The following species belong to Meroglossa :—M_ penetrata,
M., canaliculata, M. eucalypti, M. sculptissima, M. sulcifrons,
M. impressifrons, M. desponsa, M. torrida, and M. rudricata.
Of some of these I have only seen females, and no doubt
there are other * species amongst those I have not examined.
M. sulcifrons aud others have no doubt been wrongly placed
owing to their resemblance in colour-pattern to certain
Australian Prosopis, this pattern being entirely different
from that of species heretofore described as Meroglossa.

* Thus Prosopis diversipuncta, Cockerell, and presumably P. nigrifrons,
S S :
Sm., should belong to Meroglossa.

EE ——————

Hymenoptera of the Australian Region. 99

To Paleorhiza belong P. perviridis, P. reginarum, P. luxu-
riosa, P.varicolor, P. turneriana, P. parallela, P. perkinsi,
P. denticauda, P. melanura, P. flavomellea, and P. basilura.

Meroglossa baudinensis (which I have not examined),
according to Prof. Cockerell, ‘from its evident affinities
must be a Meroglossa”’ (incl. Paleorhiza) ; but I think this
improbable, as I have taken the female of an allied species
—probably Prosopis cyaneomicans, and this is not at all
related to either Meroglossa or Paleorhiza.

It should be noticed that “the comb on the first two
joints of the maxillary palpi,” said to be a noteworthy
feature of Meroglossa (incl. Paleorhiza), is also found (quite
similar) in some of the Australian Prosopis proper, as
deseribed by Prof. Cockerell, and having no near relationship
with Meroglossa (incl. Paleorhiz a).

It is to be regretted that Prof. Cockerell should have been
obliged to describe his species at intervals and without any
opportunity to review the whole together with Smith’s
species. I feel sure that, should he do so, he would agree
with me as to the distribution of the species in the manner
given above, and no doubt, having studied a larger number
of described species than I have, he could at once determine
the position of the misplaced Prosopis.

I have not been able to dissect the male of any of the
black species of Meroglossa, which have the scutellum and
postscutellum bright yellow and have been described as
Prosopis, as the specimens with this coloration that I possess
are all females.

Meroglossa penetrata, Sm.

It is remarkable that Smith should not have recognized
this as a Meroglossa, as, apart from the sexual differences,
the female has a great superficial resemblance to his VW. cana-
liculata. 1 have observed this species in life at Bundaberg,
where it was common. WM. canaliculata I have received in
numbers from Port Darwin. Prof. Cockerell has described
a M. lactifera supposed to be allied to M. penetrata. I
should think from the description that M. lactiferais certainly
no Meroglossa, but either a Prosopis or Paleorhiza, and that
the resemblance is superficial.

These comparatively big bees form a group (Meroglossa
proper) very distinct from the M. eucalypti section (Mero-
glossula) of the genus. The sagitte of the genital armature
of the male extend to or beyond the apices of the stipites,

whereas in eucalypéi and its allies the sagittee are very short
7

100 Dr. R. C. L. Perkins on Aculeate

indeed and fall far short of the ends of the stipites. More-
over in the former the calcar of the hind tibiz is con-
spicuously pectinate in the female, but not so in the eucalypti
group.

In M. canaliculata the stipites are prolonged at the apex
into a thin, recurved, elongate, downward-directed process,
narrowed on the apical half ; the membrane on the inner
side of the stipes is ciliate with long bristles ; outwardly
beneath the stipes, before the apex, “another lobe is seen
beautifully and densely ciliated with long sete. The apical
processes are no doubt homologues of the membranous
laciniz of the eucalypti group, and are convected with the
inner membrane.

In M. penetrata the apical processes are very slender and
almost filiform and wider on the apical than the basal portion ;
externally just before the point of origin of these processes
several long bristles are placed on a strongly chitinized line,
while internally the membrane is regularly ciliated with long
bristles, as in canaliculata. The small lobe seen beneath
the stipes at about the middle of its length forms an acute
tooth bearing about four long sete, anterior to which is
another row of long sete directed downwards beneath the
stipes.

Meroglossa soror, sp. n.

Female black, shining, clothed with whitish pubescence ;
the head in front and the face bare or nearly so; the clypeus,
cheeks, sides of face adjoining the clypeus, the plate above
it, and the scape of the antenne red. A minute and incon-
spicuous spot on the mesopleure, one on the tegule, and
one on the axillz yellow. Mesonotum shining, finely punc-
tured, not very closely on the disc; postscutellum shining,
the punctures finer than the larger-sized ones of the scutellum.
Basal abdominal segment smooth, shining, finely and not
densely punctured except towards the sides, where is a lateral
apical line of pubescence, the other segments generally
pubescent. Almost similar to specimens of M. percrassa
taken by myself at Bundaberg except for the different colour
of the head and the different markings. It appears, how-
ever, to have a more shining and less strongly punctured
mesonotum and other slight distinguishing characters, and is
a little smaller.

Hab. Queensland, Herberton district (Dodd).

Hymenoptera of the Australian Region. 101

Meroglossa decipiens, sp. 0.

Face of male formed as in M. sculptissima, pale markings
of thorax and tegulz as in euca/ypli. Clypeus black on
posterior half and the malar space black, the face otherwise
like that of ewealypti in colour. Thorax black, abdomen
reddish brown, subinfuscate in parts. Stipites of the male
genital armature continued into an elongate submembranous
lacinia fringed with very long hairs on the apical part out-
wardly, and with shorter ones along its exterior margin,
where it underlies the stipites for half or more than half the
length of the latter; inwardly before the apex of the stipites
it gives off on each side a chitinous, somewhat pointed, elon-
gate process, furnished before the apex exteriorly with a
single long bristle, the inner margin to the apex fringed with
short hairs.

Female with thoracic markings of eucalypti, the head
above black, the face red, the abdomen a dull red colour.

Hab. Port Darwin and Herberton district, Queensland
(Dodd).

Meroglossa deceptor, sp. n..

Face formed as in eucalypli, the clypeus becoming dark
(brown or pitchy) on a line with the lateral angles of its
prominence ; malar space dark or with a very fine apical
line, otherwise coloured much as like eucalyptt. Pronotum
black or more or less obscurely reddish; mesonotum red, more
or less sordidly infuscate in some specimens; tubercles not
spotted, dark; a spot on the tegule and one on the axille
yellow; abdomen black, more or less reddish-timted in
parts, basal segment all black or largely red in the middle.

Genital armature with the submembranous lacinia much
less developed than in the preceding ; near the apex furnished
with only two or three outer and three inner long setz instead
of the regular fringe of many apical sete ; the acute chitinous
inner processes, which cross each other above the sagitte,
bare, without hairs or sete. ¢.

It is uncertain whether these are distinct species or merely
local races of M. eucalypti and sculptissima, with which they
agree in size, sculpture, &c. It is observable that the species
identical with sculptissima in superficial structure has almost
the colour of eucalypti. I should have hesitated to give names
to these forms but for the interest of the male genitalia,
and in the hope that eucalypti and sculptissima may now be
examined and described.

Hab. Cairns, collected by myself; Herberton (Dodd).

102 Dr. R. C. L. Perkins on Aculeate

Patzoruiza, Perkins.

In the males, apart from the clothing of the terminal ventral
abdominal segments and the carinations of the third segment,
a rather useful character is found in the shape of the apical
margin of the second segment beneath. ‘This is distinctly
angulated in the middle in P. perviridis, reginarum, perkinsi,
&c., rounded or nearly straight in varicolor, parallela, tur-
neriana, &c.

The seventh ventral segment furnishes useful characters :
this usually has the form of a pair of lateral processes or
wings on each side, one being dorsal to the other, the ventral
ones more chitinized and ciliated along the lateral margin.

The genital armature is very similar in all the species —
examined, the stipites simple, without lacinia or membrane,
with long hairs at the apices. In P. parallela, however, the
armature is very short, about as wide as long to the apex of
the stipites. In all the others itiselongate. In P. eboracina
and P. parallela the very delicate inner (dorsal) membranous
wings are extremely minute and delicate, not so long as the
small ventral (more chitinized) triangular ones. In P. vari-
color they are more developed and appear more chitinized
and as long or longer than the upper, being also more pointed,
but are without the cilia in the latter. In perviridis they are
very long and twisted, extending far to the sides of the
dorsal ciliated ones. In dasilura the finely ciliated wings are
butterfly-shaped, with black line at the base of the ciliz, and
I cannot detect any underlying membranous pair.

Iregret that I have no specimen of P. melanura or P. denti-
cauda (which form a distinct section of the genus, with a
regular longitudinal rugosity of the anterior area of the
propodeum) for dissection.

The seventh dorsal segment is emarginate apically in all
the species examined. Rarely the genital armature is acci-
dentally a little protruded. This is the case in the type of
P. denticauda, and the structures described do not belong
to naturally external parts. Similarly, in JZ. lueuriosa the
description “ apex of abdomen with a pair of minute con-
tiguous spines”’ refers to the tips of the sagitte of the
genital armature.

As to the females, P. perviridis (the male of which
has the angulated margin of the second ventral segment)
has the hind calcar strongly toothed, but the species
which I have identified as P. varicolor, turneriana, and
eboracina (with simple second ventral segment in the male)
are without these teeth. Should the angulated margin of

ITymenoptera of the Australian Region. 103

the male prove to be concomitant with the dentate calear of
the female, these will prove most useful characters. I was
unable to examine the females of the British Museum species,
from Jack of time.

I have taken stylopized specimens of P. eboracina, aid have
P. turneriana thus affected.

Paleorhiza muiri, sp. n.

Very closely allied (¢) to P. perviridis cassie, Cock., but
very different in superficial appearance, of a much duller or
darker green, changing to purple in different aspects. The
wings are rather darker. The clypeal marking consists of a
large triangular cream-coloured spot, not prolonged back-
wards behind the middle, two minute dots above the antennz
being sometimes also present ; lateral pale markings narrower
and only prolonged a little above the antenne ; no prothoracic
spots. Puncturation of thorax and abdomen decidedly closer
and slightly finer. Agrees with perviridis in the angulation
of the margin of the second ventral segment, the lateral carinee
of the third and fourth ventral segments, the general vestiture
of the segments beneath (but the hairs are black) , and for the
most part in the genitalia and hidden seventh and eighth
ventral segments. As in so many ofthe Australian Prosopide,
the position of the recurrent nervures varies in individuals.

Length, @, about 9 mm.

Hab. Amboina (Muir).

Palesrhiza varicolor var. eboracina, Cockerell.

I found this form, described on a single specimen, very
commonly on various flowers during July at Cairns and also
at Kuranda. As I have not received it from Dodd, nor was
it collected in the Cairns district by Turner, I suppose it is
in season during the cold months of the year, when collecting
is considered poor in the district. Both sexes are extremely
constant in the facial markings, and superficially quite unlike
any varicolor that I possess. I have, further, seen no
P. varicolor resembling the original type, and those that
I myself took in the Cairns district are very constant, none
resembling the original type, and still less are they like
eboracina.

Prosopis, Fabr.

Australia is extremely rich in described species of Prosopis,
and doubtless but a fraction of the existing species have been

104 Dr. R. C. L. Perkins on Aculeate

collected. Many of the species so described were not true
Prosopis, and after the removal of those that belong to
Meroglossa and Paleorhiza, the residue contains a complex
of species belonging to a number of genera and subgenera.

I have here separated off two groups of species as distinct
genera, but do not care to proceed further until I can obtain
a larger number of species for dissection. 'Thereis no doubt
that the terminal ventral segments and genital armature of
the male are of great importance in the classification of these
insects. In some cases the structure of the propodeum or
median segment furnishes very valuable characters ; but I do
not think that it can be safely used for the formation of
generic characters, unless these are corroborated by those
of the malecharacters. Thus I have not thought it advisable
to give any name to an important group of species with a
remarkable flattened bifurcate process of the eighth ventral
segment, since it includes species with very different pro-
podeal structure, nor am I satisfied that the N.-American
species with this structure are congeneric with Australian.
The remarkable group of over fifty species of the genus Neso-
prosopis, in the Hawaiian group of islands, show considerable
variety of structure in the propodeum; but the terminal
segments, while differing greatly in detail, are extremely
uniform in their general features. While the extreme forms
of Nesoprosopis might, by themselves, hardly be recognized
as belonging to the same genus, the intermediate forms, still
existing, show that all belong to a single series, and the male
characters amply confirm this. Many neurational characters,
considered of importance by some hymenopterists, are of very
minor importance in Prosopide, owing to their instability
even in individuals of the same species.

GNATHOPROSOPIS, gen. NOV.

I propose this name for a group of Australian Prosopis,
quite remarkable for the extremely short, wide, flattened
mandibles, broadly truncated at the apex in both sexes, and
with quite a different appearance from the comparatively
narrow, strongly carinated organs of ordinary species. Most
of the species known to me in the male have either tubercles
or processes on the third ventral segment, a peculiar erect
abdominal pubescence, and a more or less dilated scape to
the antenne.

Anterior area of propodeum seen from in front bounded
by a raised line at the truncation, the area being rugose ;
posteriorly it is marked off by an impression and the surface

OO e——————— es

Hymenoptera of the Australian Region. 105

is smooth, or more finely rugose, quite different from the
anterior portion. Lower margin of the stigma to the radius
nearly straight, so that the stigma is not very large and
receives the radius beyond the middle. First recurrent
received before the first transverse cubitus or interstitial
with it.

Type of genus, Prosopis xanthopoda, Cockerell.

Stipites of the male genital armature simple, no lacinia or
membrane, pilose apically, the sagittz reaching to the apex
of the stipites, or a little longer. Eighth ventral segment
produced in the middle into a more or less elongate process ;
this segment, therefore, entirely different from the group of
Australian Prosopis (which also have the propodeal area
rugose) with the eighth segment produced into long pilose
bifurcations.

This is a very easily recognized genus, on account of the
general similarity of the sexes in their mandibular structure,
quite different from that of Prosopis, which has in the male
a sharp apical tooth at least or is apically acutely bidentate.
In Prosopis, also, the longitudinal carine of the mandibles
enclose a narrow elongate triangular space, the apex of the
triangle at the apex of the mandibles, where the carine meet
or are approximate. In Gnathoprosopis, in the female at least,
the mandibles have a peculiar vestiture, and in both sexes
they leave only a very small basal portion of the labrum
visible. The several species of which I have seen males have
the face remarkably polished, almost oily in appearance.
The dilatation of the scape appears to be developed pari passu
with that of the processes of the ventral surface of the
abdomen.

No doubt this genus is numerous in Australia, as I myself
have taken several species and have specimens from Adelaide
to Cairns.

Gnathoprosopis theodorei, sp. 0.

36. Black, abdomen except the extreme base ferruginous.
Mandibles, the whole face below the antenne, the scape of
the antennz except above (where it is dark brown), a wide
production upwards nearly to the top of the eyes from the
facial colouring, the hind margin of the pronotum (narrowly
interrupted in the middle), the tubercles, and a connection
between these and the pronotal border yellow or creamy
yellow; flagellum of antenne ferruginous, a little paler
beneath. Femora for the most part black or dark, but the
middle ones are pale in front and down the middle poste-
riorly ; tibie yellow, the middle and hind pair with dark

106 Dr. R. C. L. Perkins on Aculeate

markings towards the apex ; tarsi yellow, the front and middle
ones more testaceous, except their basal joints.

Face below the antenne polished, very obscurely sparsely
punctured. Head above dull, very densely finely punctured.
Apical margin of supraclypeal plate twice (or more) as wide
as the length of its side to the antennal fossa. Scape strongly
dilated, subovate, but not so wide as long. Mesonotum very
dull and densely punctured, densely clothed with extremely
short dark erect hairs and very sparse longer ones, which
are more developed on the scutellum. Anterior area of pro-
podeum shining, coarsely reticulately rugose. Wings clear
hyaline, stigma and nervures fuscous.

Abdomen dark brown or fuscous on the basal portion and
very deeply channelled in the middle above the petiole, un-
usually robust, shortly ovate, all the segments finely and
closely punctured and densely and evenly clothed with longish
erect pale pubescence, becoming fuscous on the apical seg-
ments. Third ventral segment produced into two great.
lateral dependent flattened processes, with the apices coucave
or emarginate, so as toform a large and a small apical angle,
the segment deeply depressed behind the base between these
processes ; fourth segment with an oblique transverse carina
on each side; sixth with a deep transverse fovea or impression
on each side at the base.

3d. Length 7 mm.

By far the most remarkable of the Prosopis xanthopoda
and bituberculata group, as at present known, aud perhaps
hardly congeneric with the others. Genitalia very remark-
able (probably abnormal for the genus), the armature with
simple pointed stipites, pilose apically, the cardo unusually
long; sagitte extending to or slightly beyond the apices of
the stipites, dilated, with a prominent angle about the middle
of their length. Seventh veutral segment emarginate apically
in the middle, bilobate on each side, the apical lobes concavo-
convex, large, the posterior narrow, elongate-ovate, and more
membranous, neither lobes ciliate; apical process of the
eighth very long, angulate at the top in the middle and with
apical hairs.

Hab. Townsville, Queensland (Dodd).

Evprosoris, gen. nov.

This may be considered by some as a subgenus only of
Prosopis, but, | think, when that genus is properly classified
it will be found worthy of full generic rank. Prosopis
husela may be taken as the type of the genus.

Hymenoptera of the Australian Region. 107

In the male the genital armature is rather short and
robust, with short incurved apical portion of the stipites,
the sagittze extending well behind these. Eighth ventral
segment with long, slender, median, apical process ; seventh
with well-developed lateral wings, and giving off at the apex,
on each side of the middle, two very long, curved, slender
processes.

The general characters are as follows:—The propodeum
seen from in front is extremely short and bounded behind
by a raised line or ridge, and within this area it is strongly
rugose in all the species known to me. Behind this it is
smooth, or comparatively so, over the rest of the anterior
area (=basal area, enclosed space of metathcrax, &c., auct.),
which penetrates and (comparatively) widely separates the
lateral elements of the propodeum by a wedge-shaped pro-
longation, which reaches nearly to the insertion of the
abdomen. Small details of neuration vary even in different
specimens of a single species, but the first recurrent nervure
either meets the first transverse cubitus or is received a very
short way within the second cubital cell.

There are two very distinct groups in this genus, viz., that
of Prosopis husela, which like elegans has the calcar of the
hind tibiz of the female armed conspicuously with out-
standing teeth or lamellate spines. Inthe male of husela, at
least, the apical curved processes of the seventh ventral
segment are beautifully clothed with hairs. Jn the other
group, one species of which I have identified as Prosopis
disjuncta, these processes in the male are without the re-
markable vestiture, and the calcaria of the female are without
the spines. ‘To the genus in its wide sense belong species of
very different superficial appearance, such as husela, which
greatly resembles a species of Euryglossa described by me,
other red-bodied species, black species with yellow scutellum
and postscutellum, and species (except for small yellow
markings) altogether metallic. All agree essentially in the
peculiar features of the male terminal segments and genitalia,
and in the structure of the propodeum as described above.

Euprosopis husela, Cockerell.

Male genital armature rather robust, the apical pro-
longations of the stipites pilose, short and bent inwards, not
nearly so long as the wide basal portion, and not at all
membranous, the sagittz extending beyond them. THighth
ventral segment with a long, slender, apical process, curved
ventrally, with a few feeble hairs at the sides, and a few
distinct ones on the narrow apical margin, the apex not

108 Dr. R. C. L. Perkins on Aculcate

dilated nor in any way peculiar. Seventh segment with
large lateral wings, ciliated at the sides, the apex of the
segment in the middle giving off two very long, outwardly
curved, subfiliform processes, beautifully hairy and slightly
dilated at their apices.

Prof. Cockerell thinks that E. husela, elegans, and its var.
huseloides may be all forms of one species, but husela is
easily distinguished from elegans var. huseloides by the meso-
notal puncturation. Both seem very constant except in
neurational characters. The latter has a dense and almost
rugose puncturation of the hinder part of the mesonotum
in the middle, while in the former the punctures are much
less close and leave considerable smooth spaces of surface
between them.

I have seen very large numbers of EL. husela from various
localities, but comparatively few of elegans var. huseloides
and all from Townsville. I have not seen the male of the
latter, unless it be a form structurally the same as P. rollei.

Hyuzoipes, Smith.

The Prosopid bees of this genus have a facies entirely
their own, resembling Australian Eumenid wasps of the
genus Alastor. Apart from their coloration, this resemblance
extends to the remarkable structure of the second ventral
segment of the abdomen, which is abruptly and greatly
raised above the basal one (when the insect is reversed) and
highest in the middle in front, so as to have a tuberculate
form. Important generic characters are the narrow stigma,
the very long second cubital cell, and the strong curved
spine at the apex of the front tibie above. The wings
appear to be capable of longitudinal folding like those of
Kumenide, at least they are partly folded in some examples
that I have received.

I have examined the genitalia only in the common
Queensland species (7. concinna), which has a wide orange
band on the first segment, the third and following segments
orange. Genital armature elongate, the cardo short, the
apical prolongations of the stipites narrow, pilose, elongate,
longer than the basal part and not at all membranous;
sagitte reaching fully to the apex of these, dilated from
near the base ; together they are almost spoon- or racquet-
shaped. Process of the eighth ventral segment twice as long
as its greatest width, almost parallel-sided, only a little
prolonged beyond the median thickening, the apex emargi-
ginate and clothed with long hairs; seventh segment widely

Hymenoptera of the Australian Region, 109

and distinctly emarginate in the middle apically, with a pair
of lateral wings on each side, the one wing overlying the
other—one pair suboblong, with blunt, subtruncate, lateral
margin, rather inconspicuously ciliate; the other much
narrower, dilated at the apex, with the basal lateral angle
acutely produced and the margin conspicuously ciliated
with long hairs.

Other sexual characters are a curved strong carina on the
third ventral segment, defining a large flattened shining
plate, and a shining transverse ridge on the fourth.

Another point of resemblance between this Hyleoides and
some of the Australian Eumenide is the deep black second
segment, the dull colour being due in both cases to a very
dense appressed black tomentum, quite similar in the bee
and wasps.

Evuryeuossa, Smith.

This large and dominant Australian geaus has been much
studied by Prof. Cockerell, and he has formed new genera
or subgenera for allied forms. Generally speaking, the
Euryglossine section of the Prosopide are easily distinguished
from Prosopis and its allies by the form of the tongue and
by the mandibles, which have a more acute appearance in
the females, owing to the apical tooth being well produced
beyond the inner one. In Euryglossa itself, in some species
the anteapical tooth is hardly, if at all, developed. <A great
many at least of the species of the Euryglossine section have
the posterior tibiz spinose or subspinose. Euryglossa itself
in normal forms has much more of an Andrenoid facies than
most Prosopidee, and the females, in such species as I have
been able to examine (as also those of the genera Pachy-
prosopis, Turnerella, Euryglossina, and probably others), have
a small but distinct bare pygidial area. The calcaria
of the hind tibie are notably spinose or serrate in such
Euryglossa, Pachyprosopis, Stilpnosoma, and Turnerella as I
have been able to examine; but they are also notably so in
one group of species of Meroglossa and Paleorhiza in the
Prosopine section and in some Prosopis, e. g. P. elegans, &c.

I have only examined the genitalia in one undetermined
species of Euryglossa. The genital armature is long, very
strongly rounded on the basal half, 7. e. to the base of
the sagitte, which extend in dorsal view to the apices
of the stipites. The latter are long and slender on their
free portion, somewhat twisted, and with a roundish,
more membranous, dilated apex turned outwards, a little like
some species of Andrena. There are no long hairs or bristles,

110 Dr. R. C. L. Perkins on Aculeate

but only very short and inconspicuous pubescence. The
seventh ventral segment has the lateral wings ample, and
they are strongly acutely produced at their apical angle, and
bear and are ciliated with a peculiar short pubescence ; at
the apex of the segment in the middle between the wings
arise, side by side, two small, hairy, elongate processes.
The eighth segment is prolonged into a strong and very
elongate chitinous process, widest at about the middle, with
a dense and peculiar pubescence on its apical half.

Euryglossa variabilis, sp. n.

Very variable in colour, black, the abdominal pleura for
a large part white: or (a) black, the fourth and fifth abdo-
minal segments brightly ferruginous ; or (8) black, the whole
abdomen, except the extreme base, ferruginous ; or (y) black,
the whole mesonotum and scutellum ferruginous, the
abdomen black; or (5) head black, mesonotum and scutel-
lum ferruginous, abdomen, except extreme base and the fifth
and sixth segments, ferruginous. Intermediate conditions
also occur—e. g., the apical margins of the second and third
segments narrowly, the fourth very widely, and the whole
of the fifth may be ferruginous. When the abdomen is
black, this has a greenish lustre, but in the red-bodied
specimens it disappears, and on the red parts in inter-
mediates. The pleura remain largely white in all varieties.
The legs also vary in the brightest forms, the tibiz and
tarsi being sometimes clear testaceous; in dark varieties
they may be black or pitchy.

Mandibles more or less red, the face at the sides densely
clothed with white hairs. Clypeus shining, densely and
finely punctured at the sides, plentifully, but more coarsely
and irregularly, in the middle; frons dull and very densely
punctured. Mesonotum very smooth and shining in the
middle, where it is strongly and remotely punctured, but
very densely in front and at the sides in front of the tegule ;
scutellum shining, coarsely punctured in front, densely and
more finely along the hind margin ; postscutellum dull and
very densely and roughly, finely punctate. Anterior area of
propodeum smooth and shining, with microscopic surface-
sculpture most noticeable in front and behind, rest of pro-
podeum with white pubescence. Abdomen ovate, dull, with
excessively dense microscopic surface-sculpture, not or
hardly punctured; basal segment with short hairs basally,
second, third, and fourth nearly bare or only with very short
inconspicuous hairs, fifth with longer suberect hairs and an

Hymenoptera of the Australian Region. 111

apical fringe; pygidium elongate, narrow, its sides raised.
Neuration ordinary, but varying in detail as in most
Australian Prosopidze, of which I have examined long series.
Second recurrent nervure sometimes received far within the
second cubital, as far as the first recurrent is from the other
extremity, usually only slightly within this cell, sometimes
interstitial with second transverse cubitus.

_¢&. Length 6-7 mm.

Hab. Bundaberg, Queensland.

Obs. Not having been able to compare it with the types
of the many known species, I do not feel sure that this may
not in some of its many varieties have been already described.
It is very interesting from the definite character of its
variations. My series was taken at random from hundreds
of examples that were visiting the flowers of a small forest
tree. There were no males present and the females were all
engaged in brushing the pollen inwardly towards the mouth
with the front legs in the usual Prosopid manner. A dozen
specimens could be swept off at a single stroke of the net.
There is no noteworthy variation, except in colour and
details of neuration, the latter being similarly unstable in
many other Australian Prosopidze, so that the exact position
of the recurrent nervures &c. is hardly worth referring to,
unless one has examined a large series of examples. As
to the colour-variation, I find similar cases in Australian
Prosopis, those with a ferruginous abdomen having black-
bodied forms also, in some of the species I have taken in
numbers. Further, the abdomen may become conspicuously
metallic (blue) in the dark varieties. For this reason these
colour-differences are not to be taken into account for
purposes of specific distinction, unless they are known to be
constant.

£. variabilis must be very close to HE. myrtacearum, if the
latter is not identical with one of its colour-variations.
However, in the former the first recurent is generally, if not
always, received well within the second cubital cell.

Euryglossa euxantha, sp. n.

Head mostly yellow, but the occiput and a wide transverse
band including the ocelli, which is produced downwards on
each side along the eyes for about half the distance between
the top of the eyes and the line of insertion of the antenne,
are black. The yellow line formed between the black occiput
and the black vertical band is narrow and irregular in outline.
Lateral sutures of the clypeus on the basal balf with narrow

12 Dr. R. C. L. Perkins on Aculeate

dark lines, terminating apically in a short transverse line on
each side. The lateral dark clypeal limes connect above
with a dark spot, in which the antenne are inserted.
Mandibles dark apically. Scape yellow, rest of antennz
testaceous. Mesonotum black bordered with yellow, very
widely at the sides in front, but the hind margin is black ;
two large discal longitudinal yellow bands, narrowing
posteriorly, where they are connected by a transverse band
a little in front of the black hind-margin; anteriorly they
are incompletely separated, so that it might be said that a
great oblong yellow spot, enclosing an elongate black triangle,
occupies the whole middle portion of the mesonotum, except
at the hind margin. Most of the pronotum, one or more
spots on the tegulz, the tubercles, the mesopleura in front,
a quadrate spot behind this, with a minute one below it, a
large spot on the metapleura and a dot below it, yellow.
Mesopleura, where not yellow, nearly black. Scutellum
with the axille and postscutellum and nearly the whole of
the propodeum, except the anterior area, yellow. Anterior
area black, with three large yellow spots in a transverse row.
Legs yellow, hind tibiz and middle and hind tarsi more
testaceous. Abdomen brown, the basal face of the first
segment, and two great transverse wedge-shaped spots,
almost forming a complete band, on the second, yellow.

Clypeus and plate above it shining and feebly irregularly
punctured, the front of the head below the ocelli dull, with
distinct fine but very shallow punctures more evenly distri-
buted. Mesonotum dull, with fine, remote, and very shallow
punctures. Anterior area of propodeum dull, with only
microscopic surface-sculpture. Abdomen more shining than
the thorax and with shallow puncturation on the more apical
segments. Spur of hind tibiz with regular lamellate spines
decreasing in length towards apex, the basal ones very long.
Neuration, except subcosta, mostly pallid yellowish, as also
the stigma.

?. Length 6 mm.

Hab. Port Darwin (Dodd).

Heterapis halictiformis, sp. u.

Male very slender and elongate, with clavate abdomen.
Black, the whole face below the antennal fosse and a broad
orbital prolongation upwards, not reaching the top of the
eyes, the mandibles, malar region, scape of the antenne in
front, the front coxe, the hind margin of the pronotum
and the tubercles, yellow. Flagellum of antenne pale

Hymenoptera of the Australian Region. 113

ferruginous beneath, infuscated above. Teguli pale, yel-
lowish, with a dark spot. Front legs clear, pale yellowish
brown, middle ones more brightly yellow, the femora with
a small dark mark behind, the tibiz with a rather larger one.
Hind femora black, tibiz yellow on the basal portion; the
rest of the tibiz and tarsi having been broken off their
eolour is uncertain.

Head large, subquadrate on the vertex, sides of face
evidently punctured, the face shining, strongly and evenly
convex in profile, above the antennz much duller and very
densely punctate, vertex smooth and shining between the
ocelli and externally to there. Antenne long, the scape
elongate, nearly parallel-sided, distinctly, but not strongly,
arched beneath ; second joint nearly globular; third very
small, transverse ; fourth elongate, twice or more than twice
as long as the third; the following joints all elongate and
becoming thicker towards the apex of the antennz. Meso-
notum shining, with distinct punctures, inclining to rugu-
losity ; scutellum also shining, sparsely punctured ; post-
scutellum very dull. Propodeum seen from above with
excessively long dorsal face, as long as the scutellum and
postscutellum together, very dull, with extremely dense and
minute granular appearance, the brow and posterior face
smooth and shining, the latter with a great and deep median
fovea. Abdomen clavate, third segment twice as wide as
the first, pitechy brown on the first two segments, beneath
and towards the apex with very scanty, longish, erect, white
hairs, which are quite conspicuous, ‘The surface is shining,
for the most part without definite sculpture, with feeble,
shallow punctures on the more apical, piligerous segments.

6. Length 3 mm.

Hab. Bundaberg, Queensland, in June.

Evryewossina, Cockerell.

Euryglossina cockerelli, sp. nu.

Black, the apical part of the mandibles and labrum more
or less reddish ; clypeus and plate above it black ; antenne
pale beneath, fuscous above, tubercles and a spot on the
tegule bright yellow. - Front femora black, the tips as well
as the tibiz and tarsi yellow. Middle and hind legs pale,
but not of the bright colour of the front ones, the femora
dark in front and behind, and the tibiz infuscate above.
Abdomen dark brown or pitchy with a purplish lustre, the
pleura and ventral surface as well as the extreme apex

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. ix. 8

114 Dr. R. C. L. Perkins on Aculeate

yellow. Neuration, except the subcostal, very pallid yellow,
the stigma pale and hyaline except the brownish- yellow
margin.

Examined under a strong lens the sculpture, &c., is as
follows :—Clypeus shining and with evident, fine punctures.
Head and mesonotum not quite dull, in spite of the dense
surface-sculpture, puncturation not or hardly discernible, on
the scutellum a very fine puncturation is observable; pro-
podeum seen from in front more shining than the meso-
notum ; abdomen somewhat shining, without definite
sculpture. First recurrent nervure received well before the
second cubital cell, which is about as wide as its greatest
height. Lower side of first cubital straight.

?. Length 4 mm.

Hab. Bundaberg, Queensland, collected by myself.

TuRNERELLA, Cockerell.
Turnerella doddi, sp. n.

Colour and appearance very like Euryglossina cockerelli,
but the whole face below the antenne is red, and this colour
extends for some distance above the base of the mandibles
behind the eyes. Scape of antenn and flagellum beneath
red or reddish. Abdomen of a pitchy or more or less sordid
brown colour, darker apically, and with yellow tip, the basal
concavity yellowish, the dark parts with purplish reflections.
Tubercles, tegule, venter, and pleura of the abdomen, as
well as all the legs, bright yellow. Neuration like the
preceding, but the second cubital wanting.

Clypeus forming a very distinct obtuse angle with the
plate above it; mandibles acute, the apical “tooth being
well produced beyond the inner one. Front of head with
very fine remote punctures quite evident. Mesonotum very
dull, the minute punctures indistinct, much more numerous
and more distinct on the scutellum. Propodeum seen from

in front smooth and shining. Abdomen without definite
sculpture.

?. Length 3°5 mm.
Hab. Port Darwin (Dodd).

NEOPASIPHAE, gen. nov.

1 propose this name for a male insect which has some-

what the appearance of Euryglossa with extraordinary sex
characters.

Mandibles bidentate, the apical tooth much the longer and

Hymenoptera of the Australian Region. 115

rather sharp ; labrum short, transverse, hardly seen beyond
the clypeus in a front view ‘of the head. Scape of antennze
flattened and enormously dilated. Hind femora and tibize
greatly incrassated, the metatarsus greatly dilated, apex of
middle tibiz armed with a stout spine. Wings with first
and second cubital cells nearly equal in length ; stigma very
narrow, lanceolate ; lower side of first cubital cell “straight,
not the least curved; submedian cell a little longer than
the median ; first recurrent nervure slightly witha the
second cubital, second about one-fifth the length of the lower
side of the cell from its extremity. Tongue not visible;
maxillary palpi apparently six-jointed, ordinary. ‘The apex
of the eighth ventral segment and of the stipites of the
genitalia, which happen to be exposed, are Andreniform in
appearance.

Whether this is really allied to Pasiphae is, of course,
doubtful, seeing that the unique example, without dissection,
can only be very imperfectly examined. There are examples
of two species under Pasiphae in the British Museum
collection, all the individuals, I think, being male. One of
these has the tongue protruded, and it is a very elongate
organ, not in the least like that of Huryylossa,

Neopasiphae mirabilis, sp. n.

Black, the clypeus, mandibles, scape of antenne, flagellum
beneath, an apical band on all the abdominal segments,
yellow. ‘These bands with two emarginations in front.
Front femora and tibie yellow, the former for the most part
black above, the latter with a large black mark, tarsi yellow ;
hind femora and tibiz for the most part black, but both are
yellow at the apex and the latter have a pale line along the
front margin.

Scape of antenne greatly dilated, flattened, and sub-
rotundate, the inner margin evenly rounded, the outer for
the most part nearly straight. Head and thorax clothed
with long pale hairs, the whole insect with the surface very
dull. Thorax very densely sculptured with very fine
puncturation, appearing more or less granulate. Anterior
area of propodeum defined by a slightly impressed line and
by the absence of pubescence. Abdomen excessively densely
and finely sculptured, very dull, clothed with sparse longish
pale hairs; the legs thinly clothed with long pale hairs.
Hind femora and tibiz greatly incrassated ; the metatarsus
subrotundate and much wider than the greatly incrassated
tibia, its hind margin fringed with very long pale hairs.

6. Length 10 mm.

3

116 Dr. R. C. L. Perkins on Aculeate

It is not clear whether tle appression of the pubescence
of certain parts is natural or otherwise, the specimen
appearing to be in a rather dirty condition.

The type is in the British Museum.

Hab. W. Australia, Violet Kange (2. Murchison).

Nomadide.

NoMADA.

This genus is only known in Australia from Queensland,
where but a single species, here described, has so far been
discovered. Considering the abundance of Andrenid bees of
the genera Halictus and Parasphecodes, one might expect
many species of Nomada, parasitic on these; but such is
not the ease, and it is probable that this genus is a com-
paratively recent arrival. It is a small and obscure species,
and appareutly not very common. Turner has taken it at
Mackay and Cairns, and I have received the female from
Dodd from the latter district.

Nomada australensis, sp. 0.

g. Head and thorax black or nearly so; mandibles,
cheeks, labrum, clypeus, a narrow line along the inner orbits
reaching the vertex, antennz beneath, the scutellum and
postscutellum pale yellowish brown. Antenne mostly dark
brown above. Pronotum posteriorly and mesonotum late-
rally rather obscurely bordered with red; mesopleura pale,
vellowish brown, Legs brown, the front pair and the hind
and middle tibiz paler than the hind and middle femora,
but the tibize are more or less infuscate behind. Abdomen
dark or blackish brown, more or less paler at the articu-
lations of the segments ; second segment with a round pale
yellow spot ou each side, third with a much smaller one not
visible in dorsal aspect, fourth and fifth with paired spots,
sometimes concealed by contraction of the segments.

9. Generally like the male, but the antenne are paler
above, the whole face reddish except the middle part above
the antenne. Mesonotum entirely reddish, except a dark
median line; legs uniformly brownish yellow. Third and
fourth abdominal segments with very dense lateral apical
fringe of white appressed hairs. Wings in both sexes
distinctly clouded round the margins, neuration dark.

Face densely clothed with white appressed hairs ; mandibles
acute. ‘Third antennal joint very similar in each sex,
clongate, much longer than the fourth, this and the following

eer

Hymenoptera of the Australian Region. 117

joints being subequal. Mesonotum shining between the
coarse punctures, which are rather sparser in the female
than in the male, distinctly longitudinally impressed down
the middle and more or less distinctly on each side of this.
Anterior area of propodeum rugulose, beyond this with
dense and conspicuous appressed white plumose pubescence ;
scutellum subprominent on each side. Abdomen with only
very feeble punctures, the apical margins of the segments
widely impunctate. Apex of hind tibiz of the female with
two very short but distinct blunt spines. Owing to the pale
hairs the spines are difficult to see in the male, but I detected
two in one of the examples.

?. Length 6 mm.

The type is in the British Museum.

A variety from Mackay has the clypeus largely black in
the middle and the orbital lines very widely broken.

Hab, Cairns (Turner, Dodd) ; Mackay (Turner).

Ceratinidaz.

NEocERATINA, gen. nov.

General form and appearance of a smallish Ceratina,
similar mandibular characters, but the maxillary palpi with
only five joints, the first two by far the longest, the second
about twice as long as the third, which is subequal to the
fourth, the fifth being slender and acuminate. The first
joint is of peculiar form, much more solid than the second,
and thickened on its basal portion, in length not differing
much from the latter. Wings with the second transverse
cubitus strongly curved, nearly meeting the first transverse
on the radius, the recurrent nervures received a short and
about equal distance within the second and third cubital
cells respectively.

Shuckard gives the generic characters of the well-known
European Ceratina cyanea at some length; the maxillary
palpi as “ 6-jointed, the three first joints subequal, the three
terminal gradually decreasing in length.” ‘Phis agrees in
general with a North American species which I dissected
for comparison. This has three long basal joints, not differ-
ing much in length, but the fourth is very short, the fifth
rather longer, the sixth slender and acuminate. The Aus-
tralian insect is therefore very different from these.

Neoceratina australensis, sp. n.
Female black, with slight eneous tinge; abdomen with

118 Dr. R. C. L. Perkins on Aculeate

the basal segments more or less pitchy and the apical margins
pitchy red. A wide stripe down the middle of the clypeus,
the prothoracic tubercles, a spot at the base of the middle
tibize above and a line on the front and hind ones, white.
The legs pitchy brown. Wings hyaline, somewhat smoky ;
neuration dark.

Face below the antennz polished, and at the sides with
sparse coarse punctures, impressed along the margins of the
clypeus, the latter impunctate down the middle; a dense
puncturation on the inner side of the great impressions, in
which the antennze are inserted, these being elsewhere
smooth. Head seen from above with a flattened punctate
area, on which the front ocellus is placed, the vertex with
coarse punctures. Mesonotum finely and densely punctured
and dullish, but with two highly polished areas postero-
laterally, whereon there are few punctures, and in fact on
part of these areas none, but they are traversed by an
impressed line. Scutellum densely punctured all over.
Propodeum in front dull, with dense minute surface-sculpture,
appearing granulate. Basal abdominal segment finely and
somewhat irregularly punctured; second and third very
densely and finely punctured, but with a smooth transverse
submedian impunctate line, which is interrupted in the
middle by a punctured portion ; fourth, fifth, and sixth with
extremely dense and fine puncturation and remote minute
tubercles. Abdomen above with very short sparse hairs,
beneath with much longer pale ones ; sculpture of ventral
segments very dense and rough ; scopa pale.

9. Length 4°5 mm.

Hab. Bundaberg, Queensland ; taken by myself in 1904.

Obs. This is so far the only representative of the family
Ceratinide in Australia.

Eumenide,
Iscunoce@ ia, Perkins.
This genus is entirely distinct from Elimus, Saussure,
which it superficially resembles, by the quite different

mouth-parts. There are several species of each of these
genera in the British Museum collection.

EcrorioGLossa, gen. nov.

General form and appearance of a yellow-and-black
Eumenes. Antenne of male 13-jointed, the twelfth very
small, forming a base for the recurved hook-like thirteenth

Hymenoptera of the Australian Region. 119

joint. Clypeus bidentately emarginate in both sexes. Middle
tibiz with a single calcar. Second cubital cell triangular,
the sides meeting above (or almost meeting) at the radius,
receiving the first recurrent nervure far along its lower side
at one-third or more of its length from the first transverse
eubitus, second recurrent received at not half so great a
distance from the second transverse cubitus. Abdominal
petiole gradually widening from base to apex, about as long as
the thorax. Labium with a very elongate linear ligula, which
is hairy for nearly its whole length, and bifid at the apex.
Labial palpi long, the basal joint incrassate, thickening
apically, but many times as long as its greatest width, set on
one side with bristly hairs; second long and slender, but
much shorter than the first, thickened at the apex, and there
set with two long curved bristles; third slender and elongate,
but much shorter than the second, and also armed with two
curved apical bristles ; fourth spine-like, not more than one-
third the length of the third and much shorter than one of the
curved apical bristles of the latter. The palpi of the male
are very similar, but they are more slender and the bristles
less developed. Maxillary palpi very short, three-jointed,
the whole not longer than the third joint alone of the labial
palpi; basal joint elongate but stout and clavate, second
very small, but stoutish, third a mere rudiment and very
minute. Inner edge of mandibles (?) with three smaller
apical teeth, followed by a very wide one with concave free
edges and as wide as the other three together.

Ectopioglossa australensis, sp. 1.

Black, clypeus, a large spot above it, pomted above and
nearly reaching the ocellus, the inner orbits from the clypeus
to the top of the sinus of the eye, the posterior orbits, some-
times a dot adjoining each of the exterior ocelli, a band on
the pronotum dilated at the sides and slightly interrupted
in the middle, a large spot on the mesopleura, two curvate
lines on the anterior part of the mesonotum in the female,
two spots on the tegule and one adjoining these, two large
spots on the scutellum, sometimes united, two great spots on
the propodeum, which are deeply emarginate exteriorly, an
apical, slightly interrupted, band on the basai abdominal
segment, two spots at the base of the second as well as a
complete apical band on this and the two following segments,
the whole (or nearly) of the front tibize and a large part of
the femora, a spot at the apex of the middle femora and the
tibiz above, pale yellow. Head with very sparse larger

120 Dr. R. C. L. Perkins on Aculeate

punctures and the interstices distinctly punctulate. Meso-
notum shining (more so in the male), with very sparse and
feebly impressed punctures of larger size and a finer punc-
turation, which is also indefinite or very feeble, clothed like
the head with short, erect, black hair. Propodeum smooth
and shallowly punctured, widely channelled and rugose down
the middle, its posterior lateral angles dentate or spinose.
Abdomen clothed with excessively short hairs, the apical
margin of the petiole raised or reflexed. Wings shining
fuscous, brassy in some lights.

3 2. Length to apex of second abdominal segment
9-14. mm.

Hab. Cairns, Queensland.

Asispa, Mitch.

The antenne in the male of this genus are remarkable
for being only 11-jointed and quite simple. The Australian
Alastor likewise has eleven joints in the male, but only
eight of these are apparent, the three terminal ones being
extremely minute and more or less sunk in a cavity of the
eighth joint. Sometimes they are so small as to appear as
a mere tubercle, even under a very strong lens. The eight
apparent joints are, most of them, unusually lengthened,
giving the antenne a characteristic appearance.

Abispa odyneroides, sp. v.

General colour the same as that of Odynerus abispoides,
described below, but the mandibles are darker, reddish, the
yellow in the sinus of the eye does not continue down to fill
up the space between the clypeus and supraclypeal plate,
but is continued upwards nearly to the top of the eyes, the
pronotum is entirely black.

Clypeus very deeply and widely dentately emarginate.
Antenne (¢) 11-jointed, the third subequal to the fourth
and fifth together. Head in front with dense reddish hair.
Mesonotum dull, very rugosely punctured, clothed with very
short, erect, dark hairs, those on the scutellum pale; post-
scutellum tridentate, the lateral spines short, blunt and
obscure, the median one erect and sharpish; propodeum
rugose from the very dense puncturation, the hind angles
hardly prominent, in some aspects subrectangular. Basal
abdominal segment shallowly, but distinctly and rather
evenly punctured, the whole surface of the abdomen very
dull from the sericeous dark tomentose clothing. Trans-
verse sulcature of second ventral segment deep, the cost

Hymenoptera of the Australian Region. 121

few and feeble ; third and following segments very densely
clothed with orange-coloured woolly hair; second basally
with black erect pubescence. Wings on the costal portion
orange, elsewhere less deeply coloured, some violet irides-
cence apically.

6. Length to apex of second segment 24 mm.

The resemblance between this species and the next is
quite remarkable and is not merely oue of colour, but the
general form of the clypeus, mandibles, and propodeum is
also concerned. Of course there is really no affinity, the
genera being entirely distinct.

Hab. New Guinea (Prait).

Odynerus abispoides, sp. nu.

Black, the mandibles excepting the teeth, clypeus, supra-
clypeal plate, the sinus of the eyes and a line between this
and the clypeus, the posterior orbits, two large spots on the
pronotum, the hind angles of the propodeum, the antenne,
tibize, and tarsi, and an apical band on all the abdominal
segments (that on the first segment paler) orange.

Mandibles long and slender, projecting, when crossed, by
more than half their length beyond the apical angles of the
clypeus, the latter widely and deeply dentately emarginate,
feebly punctured. Apical joint of male antennz strongly
curved, long, much longer than the twelfth, which is itself
elongate and much smaller than the preceding. Head in
front coarsely rugosely punctured, the vertex subincrassate.
Pronotum coarsely and closely punctured, mesonotum very
small, much less closely and coarsely, the surface covered
with dull black dense tomentum concealing the surface.
Seutellum coarsely punctured, the punctures distinct. Pro-
podeum rugose, with very close punctures, finer than those
on the scutellum, the hind angles produced into a prominent
spine. Abdomen deep dull black from the tomentose covering
which in some aspects almost hides the shallow puncturation,
the basal segment foveate near the apex in the middle.
Second ventral segment with short coste, behind these it is
widely flattened and has a shortish median impressed line.
Wings orange on the costal portion, the nervures rather
darker.

g. Length to apex of second abdominal segment 14 mm.

Belongs t to the Letonotus section, as generally accepted.

Hab. New Guinea (Pratt).

122 Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen on

XIII. — A Review of South-African Land-Mollusca be-
longing to the Family Zonitide. By Lt.-Colonel H. H.
GopwIin-AUSTEN, F'.R.S. Ke.

[Plates I.-VI1.}

Introduction.

For some years past Messrs. James Cosmo Melvill and
John H. Ponsonby have contributed valuable conchological
papers to the ‘Annals and Magazine of Natural History’ on
the South-African Land-Mollusea; their ‘ Check List of Non-
Marine Mollusca’ is a record of some 21 families, containing
57 genera and 367 species from that part of the world.
Up to the present time our knowledge of the animals of
African land-shells is very limited, and when I received
from Mr. John Ponsonby, some years ago, several specimens
of a species preserved in spirit from Port Elizabeth, exami-
nation showed considerable divergency from the Australian
genus Helicarion, to which it had been assigned, the type of
which is HZ. cuviert, Fér. (vide Moll. Ind. vol. i. 1883, p. 146,
pl. xli. anatomy of H. helene, G.-A.)*, still more did it
differ from Indian species which had been placed by various
authors in this genus Helicarion. Very soon after my first
examination of the animal sent to me as L/elicarion hudsonice
it was evident that it had no representatives in the Indian and
Malay region, and the genus Peltatus was created for it in
1908.

During the last few years, however, valuable material has
been collected and sent home by Messrs. M. Connolly, Henry
C. Burnup, J. Crawford, J. Farquhar, and others, while
Mr. John Ponsonby has twice visited South Africa. In
the conchological work, the determination of the species,
Messrs. Ponsonby, Connolly, and Burnup have devoted all
their knowledge and time, and the two latter gave me
many valuable notes on the animals they collected. They
have most kindly placed the spirit-specimens in my hands
for examination—truly a splendid series of species and
varieties from numerous widely separated localities, mostly
in a beautiful state of preservation. As this material came

* This species is the same as hyalina, Pfr. Mr. Brazier states that the
examples obtained by Godwin-Austen were from a colony introduced
from Queensland: Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 3lst December,
1890, “ On the Naturalized Forms of Land and Freshwater Mollusea of
Australia.” See form of the animal, Moll. Ind. i. pl. xli., reproduced from
an excellent water-colour drawing from life by Mrs. H. Forde (1870).

South-African Land-Mollusca. 123

to hand, it became apparent that we were dealing with forms
representing a distinct branch of the great family Zonitidee—
a branch given off from the parent stem in the remote past,
and long isolated in Africa from branches in other lands,
such as the Ariophantinze and Macrochlamyine of India.

Following the course of evolution and breaking up
into generic divisions, it was interesting to observe how a
similar and parallel development of parts had gone on in two
widely separated areas. It has been my aim, in this study
of comparative anatomy of the African species of Zonitidz
under review, to construct a classification somewhat similar
to that of the Asiatic representatives of the family as built up
by the labours of Semper, Stoliczka, and others. Occupied
with other work, I much regret the delay which has occurred
in publishing the results; it must be remembered that the
material to examine, though large, was very unevenly distri-
buted among species, some being represented by several
specimens, many others (often undetermined) by only one.
It is very difficult to secure a satisfactory knowledge of all
the internal anatomy with only a single animal to deal with ;
to wait for more material would perhaps mean years.

With regard to the animal, I cannot say too much as to the
importance of making notes and, if possible, drawings of
them when freshly taken. Colour is destroyed in spirits, and
we want te know to what extent the lobes cover the shell,
and in those species where the lobe at the extremity of the
foot is much elongated, to what extent, and how it is carried
in life. In contracted spirit-specimens (and all the drawings
in this paper have been made from them) the true form and
size can only be estimated; fortunately, having seen and kept
many of the Indian slug-like forms alive, I have been able
to form a fair idea of what these African snails are like.

Notice, by collectors in the field, should be taken of the
coloration and markings of the animal generally, especially
that of the visceral sac when the shell is removed. When I
took up the examination of this African group of mollusks
my attention was called very early to the great variability
displayed in the visceral sac. Beginning with the edge of
the mantle, the wall of the branchial cavity and the region
of the kidney and heart were often beautifully mottled and
streaked in various ways, in one or more colours—in rounded
spots or streaks, either fine or coarse; and although not
absolutely identical in arrangement in every specimen of the
same species, yet on the whole it was a typical distribution
of colour. Spotting in some cases would be continuous to
the apex, while in other species there was no spotting at all,

124 Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen on

and in its place some uniform tint pervaded the whole
visceral sac up to its position in the apical portion of the
shell.

I was first led to notice specific variation in this part of
the animal lying within the shell when going over a large
collection of species of Macrochlamys from Sikhim. I have
laid stress on the character very fully in the descriptions of
species in this paper, trusting that it may be useful in their
determination, particularly of local varieties.

It is apparent and worthy of notice that these South-
African snails, hitherto placed in the genus Helicarion, have
characters, external as well as internal, not at all like those
of typical species of the genus, viz. //. cuviert and hyalina
of Australia, previously alluded to.

They differ also from species inhabiting India and the
Malay Archipelago, Malayana, &c., at one time also placed
in LHelicarion. J have good grounds, therefore, for locating
the South-African species in a new subfamily, for which I
propose the name Peltatinz, particularly as the species I have
now examined from South Africa can be readily separated
into several well-defined genera.

Unfortunately I have not that personal knowledge of the
physical features and the local distribution of the fauna and
flora of South Africa which is so desirable when writing a
paper such as this. All I have seen of the country is the
immediate neighbourhood of Cape ‘Town and Simon’s Bay,
for the vast extent beyond that I am indebted to books of
travel and meeting those who have been there.

Like Southern India it is a land of great antiquity, a
very large portion not having been beneath the ocean
since pre-Cretaceous times, during which vast changes in
sea and land were going on in other parts of the world.
There was a period indefinitely associated with the out-
burst of volcanic activity in Southern India when the two
countries had a land-connection. This renders a study of
the molluscan fauna of Africa of such extreme interest.
Wm. Blanford, writing so long ago as October 1876, in the
pages of this journal (vol. xviii. p. 277), on “ The African
Element in the Fauna of India,” says: “I was especially
desirous also of working out the very difficult question of
terrestrial Mollusca, the distribution of which, as Mr. Wallace
has just pointed out in his ‘Geographical Distribution of
Animals,’ whilst agreeing in some respects with that of the
Vertebrata, presents some very singular anomalies.”’ In this
family of the Zonitide, although we do not find a single
genus common to Africa and Southern India, yet there is

South-African Land- Mollusca. 125

this curious similarity. The Peltatins in the former country
hold the same position the Ariophantine do in the latter.

The remarkable variation in anatomical detail met with in
the species of this subfamily has, [ suggest, some relation to
the very great extent of country over which they are dis-
tributed, and still further to be accounted for by the extremely
long isolation each species has probably undergone in its own
particular habitat.

The physical nature of the country and the great distances
across high, arid, treeless tracts point to this, and isolate
more widely than usual the localities from which the animals
described in this paper have been received. A glance at the
map of South Africa will show this more clearly. Thus
from Cape Town north-east to Pretoria is 800 miles, from
Cape Town eastward to Port Elizabeth is some 400 miles,
and another 425 or so on to Natal with Durban and Maritz-
burg, while from this last place to Pretoria is over 300 miles.
Most of the intermediate country between these localities
does not appear to be of a climatic nature conducive to
the rapid extension of mollusks of this kind possessing
extensible lobes to cover the shell; their habits and require-
ments necessitate a considerable amount of moisture. ‘Chey
could only unrestrictedly move along the lines of main
drainage or the more wooded jungle-clad slopes of the lateral
ranges.

Species very similar in shell-characters are found far
beyond the area I have above indicated, many of which
I have noticed in the Natural History Museum, but as the
animals of these species are not yet known they can only
be placed provisionally in the Peltatine.

Further north, in Africa and in Abyssinia, we know that
Helicarion-like shells of the family Zonatidze occur, repre-
sented by the genus Africarion, type palleus or lymphaceus,
Morelet, described by me in the § Mollusca of India,’ vol. i.
pp. 154-188, pl. xlu. As we obtain further malacological
knowledge of these species, their true geographical distri-
bution and limits of range and their relationship will be
of extreme interest.

Even while preparing this paper, my attention has been
called to a very excellent, valuable contribution to our
knowledge of African land-shells by Professor Dr. J.
'Lhiele, entitled ‘ Mollusken der Deutschen Zentralafrika-
Expedition,’ 1907-1908. ‘This expedition, under the leader-
ship of Adolf I’. Herzog zu Mecklenburg, has been productive
of good work, and Protessor Thiele describes a large number
of new species in many genera. Some eight species are re-

126 Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen on

ferred to Helicarion, three to Vitrina. The value of the paper
is much increased by the figures of the generative organs
given on plate vi. Among these it is interesting to note how
similar in every way are these organs in no. 60. H. kivuensis,
Thiele, no. 63. H. schubotzt, Thiele, and no. 59. H. semi-
membranaceus, v. Martens, to the species of South Africa
which I place in the Peltatine, particularly in the first two
species. In no. 60, kivuensis, whatis marked (d) is evidently
the flagellum coiled up with the accessory gland as seen in
phedimus, M. & P., and will be figured in the next part of
this paper, while the form of the spermatheca is precisely the
same. Inno. 63, H. schubotci, the penis is separated out
and all its parts are distinctly displayed, the flagellum given
off close to the vas deferens, the accessory gland on the
epiphallus, peculiarly long in this species.

A glance at this plate shows some other very distinct
groups to exist in Africa. In fig. 69, Helicarion auriformis,
Thiele, can, I suggest, be placed in Africarion, while no. 58,
I. plicatulus, v. Martens, evidently waits to be placed in a
new African genus yet to be described, one possessing an
amatorial organ. Here is work which I trust Professor
Thiele will take up; he may perhaps have already done so.
I must not intrude into the sphere of his labours.

As this paper will extend into, perhaps, two more parts
of this journal, it becomes necessary to give with the first
contribution a list of the species and the genera in which I
provisionally place them. A key to the species of the sub-
tamily I propose giving with the final portion, by which time
I trust I shall be in possession of further material and be
able to know more of species I have not attempted to name
up to the present.

Description of the Subfamily Peltatinee.

Shells globose or globosely conoid, rather thin, some
transparent, of few whorls.

Animal.—F oot divided and with the usual peripodial grooves,
Mucous pore at extremity of foot, with a lobe above it; in
some species this becomes much lengthened and horn-like.
Both right and left shell-lobes present, either small or much
lengthened or expanded to cover the shell. ‘The generative
organs present a male organ with a long flagellum and a free
cecum coiled up together, the caecum contiguous to but
distinct from the retractor muscle. Spermatheca a large bag
on a strong stalk. The spermatophore elongate, of elaborate
form, with many branched spines, varying in their shape in
different species. ’

—EEEEEoEo>E———

South-African Land- Mollusca. 127
Radula and jaw as in the family.

South Africa, ranging northward; limits as yet unknown.
Compare description of Ariophantine, Faun. Brit. Ind.,

Moll. p. 25.

Description of the Genus Peltatus.

Shell with decussate or punctate sculpture adjacent to the
protoconch, but not extending to the surface of the last whorls.

Animal with short lobe over the mucous gland at end of
the foot and with short shell-lobes; in one or two species
both are more elongate, in two there is a sharp bend in the
penis-sheath.

The South-African species of Zonitide which I have now
seen appear to range themselves as follows :—

Species of Perarvs.

Shells with decussate or punctate sculpture adjacent to the proto-
conch,

aloicola, M. & P., type.
» var.
trotteriana, Bs.
caledonensis, sp. 1.
capsula, Bs.
natalensis, Pfr.
cotyledonis, Bs.
hudsonie, Bs.
arnotti, Bs.
phytostylus, Bs.
asthenes, M. & P.

Of the last four the animals have yet to be examined ; the shell of
phytostylus has a peculiar columellar margin, it will be interesting to
see how far the animal differs from the species with which it is now
included.

Port Elizabeth,
Grahamstown.
Cape Colony.

” ”

Port Elizabeth.
Cape Colony.

Species of Kurxornorvs.

Sculpture the same throughout, apex smooth, some species polished
and shiny. Animal with very long lobe at extremity of foot. Right
shell-lobe large and broad, left also large.

tmunctus, M. & P., type.
vitalis, M. & P.
leucospira, Pfr.
phedimus, M. & P.
melvilli, sp. n.

corneus, Pfr,

Shell-lobes lengthened and narrow.

natalensis, Krauss.
ampliatus, M. & P.
poeppigt, Mike,

Alexandra Junction, Maritzburg.
Port Shepstone.

Tangaat.

Maritzbure.

Kqueefa.

Maritzburg.

Port Elizabeth.
Maritzburg.
Alexandra Junction, Maritzburg.

128 Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen on

No. 15, sp. n. ? Maritzburg.

Nos, 12 and 13, sp. n. ? Kqueefa, East London.
eingulatus. Port Elizabeth.
Suscicolor, M.& P. Harrismith.

This last appears to be a connecting-link with the next new genus.

New genus Microxerkvs.

Lobe over mucous gland shorter ; shell-lobes much reduced in size.

symmetricus, Craven. Pretoria.
pondoensis, sp. N. Pondoland.
No. 72, sp. n. ? Thabanchu, O.R.C.

New genus ?

transvaalensis, Craven. Game Pass, Mooi River.

New genus ?
pumilio, M. & P. Transvaal.

In the‘ Annals and Magazine of Natural History,’ February
1908, p. 131, I gave a description of a South-African land-
shell which was then considered to be the same as Helix or
Helicarion hudsonie of Benson, from three very badly pre-
served animals from Port Elizabeth. Sufficient was then
seen of the external form and of the anatomy on which to
create a new genus, Peltatus. The type shells are in
Mr. John Ponsonby’s collection.

I have uow received and examined some animals of a
species from another locality, some 60 miles to the eastward
and inland, Grahamstown, also labelled H. hudsonie, col-
lected by Mr. J. Farquhar, a resident. They are beautifully
preserved, so I am able to extend and much correct errors in
the original description.

The “drawing of the generative organs (Pl. IV. fig. 1 0)
is far more cor-ect than figs. la and 10 on pl. viil., 1908,
made from specimens in a very decomposed state, and it serves
to show the blunders one may fall into when working and
drawing conclusions from inferior material. What was
then peed to be the retractor muscle of the male organ
(7.m.p.), Shown in dotted lines, is the free cecum (er p);
and should come out, the retractor of the penis was really
lost. The spermatophore e is in its right position in process of
forming, and the spermatheca is correct ; ; of an ovoviviparous
habit I was led to suppose there was not asign. The vas
deferens in fig. 1 a does not join where indicated, and this
and the oviduct (ov.) are all drawn out, and out of place owing
to the soft state of the specimen.

Comparing the shells of these animals from Port Elizabeth
and Grahamstown, they do not agree with the typical

South-African Land-Mollusca. 129

examples of H. hudsonie, to which both have been assigned,
nor are they quite similar to one another, though so ex-
ceedingly close; I should be sorry to separate them. Helix
hudsonie having been referred to as the type of Peltatus, it
becomes necessary to begin with the shells of that species
originally collected by Benson, about 300 miles away to the
westward, and refer to his description.

Helix hudsonie, Bs.

Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, vol. xiii. p. 493 (1864).

Original description :—

“ H. testa minutissime obtecte perforata, globoso-depressa, tenuissima,
levigata, striatula, lineis minutissimis confertissimis spiralibus
superne decussata, prope umbilicum polita, cornea, translucente,
prope suturam linea angusta rufescente ornata; spira depresso-
conoidea, sutura submarginata, apice obtuso; anfractibus 33,
rapide accrescentibus, convexiusculis, ultimo lato, ad peripheriam
rotundato, subtus convexo; apertura obliqua, globoso-lunata, mar-
ginibus subconniventibus; peristomate tenui, acuto; margine
collumellari superne breviter reflexo, perforationem obtegente.

* Diam. major 123, minor 103, axis 7 mm.

“A single full-grown specimen, with the young, was
received from Mrs. J. F. Hudson, with H. phytostylus*.
The shell has a Vitrinoid appearance ; but the sculpture, per-
foration, and suture, as well as the character of a portion of
the animal remaining in the shell, prove it to be a Helix.”

Examining the sculpture of specimen dissected (no, 2022)
from Grahamstown, and observed under high power, the
protoconch appears to be quite smooth; it soon passes to a
very beautiful and finely decussate surface, in parts punctate
up to the second whorl, where it merges into very microscopic
longitudinal striation.

Three specimens of H. hudsonie are in the Natural
History Museum, presented by Mr. R. McAndrew in 1873 ;
they are, I am inclined to think, the type shells from which
Benson made his description, and alluded to as one full-
grown specimen and one young, because the coloured suture
he mentions is very conspicuous, most probably due to some
colouring-matter derived from the soil and not a true
character. In these type shells it was interesting to find in
the apical part of the shell the decussate surface mentioned
above in the Grahamstown shell,

* Colesberg, 235 miles west of Natal, and near Riversdale, Swellendam,
about 100 miles east of Cape Town.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. ix. 9

130 Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen on

I also compared the six specimens of this species in thie
McAndrew collection, Cambridge, kindly sent to me by
Mr. L. Doncaster, to whom my best thanks are due. Four
of these show ruddiness in the suture. The perforation is
exceedingly minute, as Benson describes. Looking at the
so-called Audsoni@ sent me by Ponsonby and Burnup from
Port Elizabeth and Grahamstown, perforation is not apparent ;
the shells, too, are darker and far more solid in structure than
the typical form. I am therefore disposed to consider that
true H. hudsonie@ is confined to the area around Swellendam.
‘The four specimens under this name in the Natural History
Museum collection from Algoa Bay show minute perforation,
but differ from the typical shells in being larger, 13} mm.
in major diameter.

Only a comparison of the animals of hudsonie from the
original habitat, with those I have mentioned from the
country further east, can conclusively solve what degree of
difference there may be in the animals ; judging from those
I have dissected from the western side, it will not be very
great.

Peltatus aloicola, M. & P., var. (PI. 1V. figs. 1, La, 18.)

Locality. Grahamstown (J. Farquhar).

The animal: the foot is indistinctly divided.

The lobe over the mucous gland is quite small (PI. LV.
fig. 1 a).

Both right and left shell-lobes are small and narrow
(Pls LV. degp. date).

The visceral sac is much mottled with a ground-colour of
pale ochraceous, but milky white is the predominant colour,
There is a narrow border of black on the mantle-edge in
front: the branchial sac up to the kidney (x) is broadly
streaked with white ; this organ is bordered by a narrow bar
of black, sharply edged with ‘white, thence to the apex there
are large blotchings of white with a few small spots of same
colour mixed with them. I have examined some eight
specimens ; the bar of black is a conspicuous feature, showing
through the shell.

Generative organs (PI. IV. fig. 1 &).—The penis-sheath is
doubled on itself in close S- form, the retractor muscle is given
off just above it; the epiphallus is fairly long, with a ‘short
excun-like accessory gland about midway. Flagellum
short and pointed. ack cee on a thick stalk.

Radula tormula: 46. 2.14.1.14.2.46, or 62.1. 62.

Jaw with a central projection.

South-African Land-Mollusca. 131

The shell of alotcola, var., under high powers, is smooth
on the last whorls, with the faintest indication of irregular
strie lines running longitudinally ; near the protoconch the
surface is decussate or punctate.

Recently (November 1911) I have seen quite a number
of shells of this species from the Ponsonby collection, fine
specimens and fully grown, whereas those sent me, preserved
in spirit, were quite young shells—the major diameters
respectively being 11°5 and 16 mm. As is, I fear, generally
the case, the finest shells find their way into the cabinet, the
finest animals are thrown away, at one time they were never
saved at all.

From Port Elizabeth has been described as a var. of
hudsonie another species, aloicola, M. & P. Ihave compared
the type shells of this with hudsonia, Bs., type of Peltatus,
originally described in 1908, and I cannot see any difference
to seize on. Fortunately one contained a dried-up animal,
and this clears the position up, for after a lengthy soaking 1
am able to give the following description :—

Peltatus aloicolor, M. & P.
Port Elizabeth.

Animal.—Visceral sac, ground-colour dark brown, with a
very large amount of white, broadly distributed, and ex-
tending to the apex with a few white spots: véde description
of the Grahamstown species. ‘The right shell-lobe and the
extremity of the foot had been unfortunately destroyed, but
the left shell-lobe was intact, small, and triangular, somewhat
similar to fig. La, Pl. 1V.; I therefore infer the right shell-
lobe is small, as in fig. 1 a@ofthesame Plate. There is a sharp
bend in the shaft of the male organ, and the generative organs
correspond to those of that Grahamstown species: a well-
developed spermatophore is also present. The two specimens
are very much alike and may both be taken as typical of
the genus Peltatus. More observations of both in a living
state would be conclusive and are required. The radula was
extracted complete ; it has a great number of teeth in the
row, the marginals becoming very minute and evenly bi-
cuspid. I counted the row to be 90.3.13.1.13.3. 90,
or 106.1.106. Jaw with no central projection as in
pl. viii. fig. 1c, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. i.

With regard to the sharp §-like bend in the shaft of the
male organ which occurs in P. alotcola, var. (Pl. IV.
fig. 1b), caledonensis (PI. V. figs. 1, la, B), and trotter’ana
(Pl. VI. fig. 1c), this is met with in other species, varying in

Qt

132 Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen on

degree, and is indicated in a different way or absent as in
natalensis (Pl. VI. fig. 2) and in a yet unnamed species
no. 15 to be described later on.

For some time I was at a loss to account for the presence
and meaning of certain very defined lines on the surface of
the main shaft of the penis when making drawings of the
genitalia: see symmetricus and melvilli, figured in the next
part. It would appear that this folding becomes so buried in
the muscular tissue which holds the folds together, as a last
phase, that it is concealed altogether. In the other direction
the folding is so slight that only an indication of it remains,
asin no.15; in capsula and nos. 12 and 13 (also undescribed
species) it is altogether absent.

Peltatus caledonensis, sp.n. (Pl. IL. figs. 1, 1a.)

Locality. Houn Hoek, Caledon Div., Cape Colony
(Connolly).

Shell conoid, no perforation; sculpture decussate near
apex, rest beautifully fine and regular, microscopical longi-
tudinal striation, crossed by the lines of growth; colour dull
ochraceous or straw; spire subconoid; suture impressed ;
whorls 44; aperture oblique, rotundate, curve near circular
on the thin peristome; columellar margin vertical, not
thickened.

Size: major diameter 12°75, minor 11:0; alt. axis 6 mm.

This shell is remarkably like that of capsula, Bs., from
Simonstown in the sculpture, but is much higher in the spire,
also very close in form to typical hudsonie, Bs.

Connolly, writing to Mr. J. Ponsonby, says: “ No. 60, Pel-
tatus sp. 2 in spirit : these will, I hope, be of interest, for
Colonel Godwin-Austen will at once settle whether they are
Peltatus or Helicarion, and whether or not they are the same
as the shell from Simonstown, one of those already in your
hands unnamed [capsula, Bs.], and also whether both the
Houn Hoek and Simonstown shells= Peltatus hudsonia, as
Burnup thinks probable.”

Animal.—Extremity of the foot truncate (Pl. V. fig. Le),
the lobe above elongated. Foot divided. Right shell-lobe
long and narrow (PI. Il. fig. 1a), much longer ‘than in what
has been called P. hudsoni, var. =aloicola, var., from
Grahamstown. The left shell-lobe is triangular and small
(Pl. Il. fig. 1). Visceral sac (same figure) is closely mottled
black, and forming thus two parallel bands, the lower the
most distinct near the kidney, the upper one arranged in
zigzags. ‘lhe apical whorls black, with large white spots.

South-African Land-Moliusca. 143

There is here a similarity with the species from Simonstown
identified as capsula, Ls., but they are not the same. ‘The
animal compared also side by side with adoicola, var., is at
once seen to be different in the distribution of colour and
consequently of pattern.

In the generative organs (Pl. V. figs. 1, la) the penis is
closely bent on itself in S-shape (B) and held together by
muscular tissue ; close above this bend the retractor muscle
is given off, and then comes a short straight accessory gland
or caecum on the epiphallus, which is not very long, to where
the vas deferens joins; here is a fairly long flagellum. The
spermatlieca is a large globular sac on the head of a strong
and lengthened duct. ‘here is remarkable similarity here
with the generative organs of aloicola, var., of Grahamstown,
and this extends to the spermatophore. I was not fortunate
enough to find this in a perfect state, but enough pieces were
found in the spermatheca to show the form of the spines.
‘They were found to be different from those of species hitherto
examined from 8. Africa. They are beautifully branched, and
each branch terminates in a peculiar flat bifid end (PI. IV.
fig. 3). It is interesting to note that in alotcola, var., similar
pointed spines occur ; the contents of the spermatheca in three
specimens were examined, and in one two or three such points
were discovered, all the rest had been absorbed. ‘The jaw
(Pl. V. fig. 1b) has a central projection on a concave edge.
meeradula( Pl: V. fic. lc) formulais58 .2.9.1.9.2.58,
or 69.1.69. The admedian are all bicuspid, nearly equally
so, becoming more even as they approach the margin. ‘lhe
last three on the edge are very small (PI. V. fig. 1 d) and
three- to four-cuspid.

This is a true Peltatus, its anatomy as regards the genitalia
being similar in every respect to the typical species. It
differs, however, in the shell-sculpture and in the radula and
general colour of the animal.

Peltatus capsula, Bs.
Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, vol. xiii. p. 492 (1864).

Locality. Simonstown.

Captain Connolly writes, under date 12th January,
1910 :—* With no. 31, ? Helicarion ?n. sp., loc. Simons-
town, probably a Peltatus, and Burnup thinks it may be
merely a var. of hudsonie. ‘The live animal is palish grey,
with a beautifully spotted mantle and long wavy horn on its
tail.’ The shell is not at all like P. hudsoniew, of which the
type has been preserved both in the B. M. and Cambridge

134 Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen on

Museum. The apical whorls are sculptured with fine regular
longitudinal striation, which merges into finer striation on
the rest of the shell.

The animal in spirit is very pale in coloration, with the
overhanging long lobe on the extremity of the foot tipped
black. Both the right and left shell-lobes are long and
narrow. Foot long, narrow, and divided.

The wall of the branchial sac is, as Connolly describes it,
beautifully streaked and mottled with black and pure milky
white, the dark spots larger over the kidney and heart.
Towards the apex the sutural line is bordered black, with a
few white spots.

The generative organs (Pl. VII. fig. 2) are in every respect
like those of Peltatus, with the exception of the sheath of the
penis being straight, not S-shape; there is a vestibule; the
accessory gland is short and thick, the flagellum the same.
‘The spermatheca on a thick stalk, the sac much enlarged and
elongately pear-shaped. ‘This sac contained a spermatophore
(Pl. VII. figs. 2a, 26) in a most perfect stage of develop-
ment. On the flume of this are some twenty-five many-
branched spines closely set together on one side only ; although
in fig. 2a they appear alternately on either side, it is a
twisting of the flume which gives this appearance. The
branches do not terminate in the bifid manner as is usually
the case, but splay out and become flat-topped.

Peltatus cotyledonis, Bs.

Locality. Koumetje, south of Cape Colony (If. Cornolly).

Shell strongly decussate next protoconch when examined
under high power.

Animal with foot dark-coloured below, pale above, with
lobe over mucous gland. A tongue-shaped right shell-lobe,
dark tipped and finely pointed, and a small left shell-lobe
given off froma broad base ; left dorsal lobe divided into two
narrow parts. The anterior part of the visceral sac plain,
towards the apex dark, white at apex.

Theradula formula is 50.3.9.1.9.3.850, or 62.1. 62.
Form of the teeth as in all this genus—the marginals bi-
cuspid, inner cusp slightly the longest, the outermost teeth
more evenly bicuspid. Jaw with a central projection.

Captain Connolly tells me “ the live animal is of a pecu-
liarly orange-brown colour, almost pure orange, especially
the under part.” Ponsonby gives me this extract from
Connolly :—“ I am pretty certain that Zingis afra and pinguis
do not have horns on their tails, while thermarum and cotyle-
donis do.”

. =e

South-African Land-Mollusca, 135

It was unfortunate to find the spirit all evaporated in this
tube, so that the animals were dried up and the genitalia
could not be made out aiter the soaking it was subjected to ;
but enough was seen to place it in its generic position.

Peltatus trotteriana, Bs. (PI. V. figs. 2, 2 a.)

Locality not given on tube.

First specimen dissected: animal brown, as also the
ground-colour of the visceral sac, but very little of the
ground-colour is to be seen; the greater part of the surface
on the upper side is covered with large isolated patches of
milky white, while on the lower side the same colour occurs
as small spotting. A black band margins the liver, another,
less distinct, the rectum.

The right shell-lobe is short and triangular, the left shell-
Jobe is very small. The lobe above the mucous pore is
faivly large (PI. V. fig. 2a).

Teeth of the radula are similar to those of Microkerkus
pondoensis ; marginals evenly bicuspid.

_ Radulaformula: 65.2 .11.1.11.2.65,o0r78.1. 78.

Jaw (Pl. V. fig. 2) with central projection.

Peltatus trotteriana, Bs. (Pl. VI. figs. 1-1 ce.)

Locality. Cape Province (Capt. MM. Connolly) ; two
specimens, no. 78.

Shell globosely conoid, imperforate; sculpture smooth,
crossed by a few lines of growth, shows indistinct decussation
near protoconch, which is smooth; colour pale ochraceous,
more jntense at the apex; spire high, conical, apex blunt
and rounded; suture well impressed; whorls 4, rapidly in-
creasing, the last very ample, very convex ; aperture lunate,
higher than breadth, subvertical; columellar margin weak,
not reflected.

Size: major diameter 13°5, minor 12°25; alt. axis 8°5 mm.

Animal (Pl. VI. fig. 1, 1a).—Visceral sac plain, no
spotting ; a band ot pale brown over kidney, in one specimen
another much paler next the rectum at the apex dark brown,
with some milky white extending over half the upper surface.
The right shell-lobe (PI. VI. fig. 1) very small, the left
(fig. la) quite minute, just a remnant. Foot short, very
distinctly divided, lobe over the mucous gland very small.

‘The genitalia (Pl. VI. figs. 1b, 1c) were not at the fullest
stage of maturity, yet sufficiently so to show all important
parts and that they are of the type of the subfamily. The
penis just below tlie retractor muscle is closely folded into

136 Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen on

S-shape (>); the epiphallus is long, and about midway
is a short cecum. At the junction of the vas deferens
there is a rather short thick fagellum, which contained an
immature spermatophore. ‘lhe spermatheca is globose on a
thin stalk.

Radulaformula: 58:. 2. 12-1 .12..2.58,o0r 72.1. 72.

Feliz natalensis, Pfr.
Symbol, 1846, iii. p. 65.
Original description :—

‘« 7’. imperforata, subglobosa, tenuis, levigata, subdiaphana, corneo-
albida, lineis fuscis irregulariter radiata, spira elevatiuscula,
obtusa; anfr. 4, vix convexiusculi, ultimus inflatus; columella
subverticalis, filiformis, profunde intraus; apertura lunato-rotun-

data, intus fulva, nitida, perist. simplex, acutum.
‘Diam. 12, alt. 9 mill.

“ Port Natal (Menke).

“This species is figured by Kiister (Neues Conchyl.-
Cabinet, t. xxix. figs. 30, 32).”

In the Nat. Hist. Museum are four specimens under this
name (precise locality not given, only 8S. Africa), presented
by J. H. Ponsonby in 1888. ‘There is this note in pencil:
“Compared by Dohrn with Pfeiffer’s type.” The largest
measures 15 mm. in major diameter, alt. axis 84. It shows
narrow transverse bands of colour alternating pale and dark.
The apical whorls are strongly decussate under high power.
Its form is well represented in Kiister’s figures, and the
striping even indicated.

Peltatus natalensis, Pfr. (Pl. ILI. figs. 2, 2a;
Ph Vivi. 23

Locality. Port Elizabeth.

The animal (PI. [1L. figs. 2, 2a) is pale-coloured. The
foot has a small overhanging lobe above the mucous pore, no
doubt elevated when alive; the oblique grooves on the side
of the foot running from the peripodial grooves to the dorsal
line of the foot are close together, the margin is rather broad.
The right shell-lobe (Pl. III. fig. 2) is long and narrow on
the side of the right dorsal lobe. The left shell-lobe (PI. III.
fig. 2.a) is also narrow, but very short. The left dorsal lobe
is in two parts, the posterior being long and narrow. The
visceral sac next the mantle-margin is closely speckled with
pure white, and the same colour predominates along the line
of the rectum up to the kidney and, with more or less
mottling, continues to the very apex. At the generative
aperture (PI. VI. fig. 2) there is an ample bulbous vestibule,

South-African Land-Mollusca. 137

which, on being opened to view, did not show inside the
folded walls as in Kerkophorus tnunctus, M. & P., but
the sac contained a good deal of extraneous loose matter,
which under a high power had all the appearance of being
the broken-down walls of the vestibule, the result of
decomposition, the specimen not being in the best state of
preservation,

The male organ has a short flagellum, a cecum, and an
accessory gland near the retractor muscle, which is long.
The spermatheca is a globose sac on a thick stalk-like duct.

In a row of the radula the teeth are arranged as follows :—

gen 20. 110. LT 56 = 67 5 1.67.

The central and admedian as in alovcola, M. & P., var., and
other Cape species. ‘The transition tooth similar, but on a
narrower basal plate ; it is succeeded by some three teeth, the
outer cusp of which is below the terminal point, all the
succeeding laterals being unevenly bicuspid and diminishing
gradually to the margin, where they become very minute.

Peltatus phytostylus, Bs.
Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist, ser. 3, vol. xiii. p. 492 (1864).
Original locality. Colesberg.

Peltatus arnott?, Bs.
Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, vol, xiii. p. 491 (1864).
Original locality. Colesberg.

The animals of these last two species have not yet been
seen by me.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.
Puate I,

Kerkophorus corneus ?, Pfr. Maritzburg.

Fig. 1. Animal, viewed from the right side. x 1:6.
‘tg. 1a. Ditto, left side. x 1:5.
Fig. 1b. The visceral sac, showing left shell-lobe, the region of the

branchial sac, kidney, &e. x 45.

Microkerkus symmetricus, Craven. Pretoria.
Fig. 2. Animal, viewed from the right side. x 1°5.
ug. 2a. Ditto, left side. x 1°56.
PraTe IL.
Peltatus caledonensis, sp. n. Cape Colony.

Fig. 1, Animal, anterior part viewed from the left side, to show the

138 On South- African Land- Mollusca.

mantle-edge and small left shell-lobe, with the visceral sac;
shell removed. x 4°d.

Fig. 1a. Animal, viewed from the right side, showing right shell-lobe and
right dorsal lobe, and spotting on the visceral sac. xX 45,

No. 15. Kerkophorus, sp. n.?, undetermined. Maritzburg.

Fig. 2. Animal, shell removed, viewed from the right side, shell- and
dorsal lobes and visceral sac. x 4°5.
‘ig. 2a. Ditto, from the left side. x 45. Equeefa.
Fig. 26. The extremity of the foot. x 495.
No. 3379. Kerkophorus, sp. n.?, undetermined. Pinetown.
Fig. 3. Animal, viewed from the right side. x 1:5,
Fig.3a. Anterior part of animal, viewed from the left side. x 4°5.

Puate ITI.
Kerkophorus inunctus, M. & P, Alexandra Park, Natal.
Fig. 1. Animal, as seen from the right side. x 1°65.
Fig. 1a. Ditto, anterior part from the left side, showing the left dorsal
and left shell-lobe. x 1:5.
Peltatus natalensis, Pfr. Port Elizabeth.

Fig. 2. Animal, as seen from the right side. x 1:5.
‘ag. 2a. Ditto, left side. x 1:5.
Fig. 3. xtremity of foot of Kerkophorus vitalis, M. & P. x 45.
Natal.
Fig. 4, Ditto of Microkerkus symmetricus, Craven. X 8. Pretoria.

PiADE aly,

Peltatus aloicola, M. & P., var. Grahamstown.
Fig. 1. Part of the animal, seen from the right side. x 4°5.
Fig. la. Ditto, from the left side, to show the right and left shell-lobes.
x 45.
Fig. 16. The generative organs. xX 8.
Microkerkus pondoensis, sp. n. Kentani, near Pondoland.
Fig. 2. The generative organs. x 8.
Fig. 2a. Teeth of the radula at different parts of the row. x 368.
Peltatus caledonensis, sp. n. Cape Colony.

Fig. 3. A portion of the spermatophore. xX 30,

PRAT Vy

Peltatus caledonensis, sp. n. Cape Colony.

Fig. 1. Part of the generative organs. X 45,

Fy. 1a, Ditto of another specimen, more perfect. X 4°d.
Fig. 16. Jaw. xX 12.

dy. 1c. Teeth of the radula, nos. 6 to 16, xX 3868.

Fy. 1d. Outermost teeth. xX 868.

Fig. le. Extremity of the foot. x 40.

Descriptions and Records of Bees. 139

Peltatus trotteriana, Bs. Cape Province.
Fig. 2. Jaw. x 12.
a. Extremity of the foot. x 4:5.
_ Kerkophorus phedimus, M. & P. Maritzburg.
Fig. 3. Part of the generative organs. xX 8,

Prarr VI.

Peltatus trotteriana, Bs.

1, Animal with shell removed, seen from the right side. x 4°5.
la. The same, from left side. x 4°5.

Fig. 1b. Portion of the generative organs. xX 4°5.

lc. The male organ. x 8.

Peltatus natalensis, Pfr. Port Elizabeth.

Fig. 2, The generative organs. xX 4°5.
PuaTeE VII.
Kerkophorus melvilli, sp.n. Equeefa.

Fig. 1. Portion of a spermatophore. x 12.

“~g. 1a. Three central teeth of the radula. x 368.
Fig. 1 b. Nos. 12 to 15, transition teeth. x 368.
Tig. 1c, Lateral teeth about 32 from the extreme margin.
Fig. 1d. 8 teeth nearer the margin.

Peltatus capsula, Bs. Simonstown,

Fig. 2. Generative organs. x 4'5,
Fig. 2a. A spermatophore complete. x 18.

"ig. 2b. A portion of same, A-B. x 24.

X1V.—Descriptions and Records of Bees. —XLI.
By T. D. A. Cocxrrett, University of Colorado.

Trigona cassie, Cockerell.

Additional workers collected by Mr. Turner at Mackay,
Queensland, show that usually the scutellum has a broad
interrupted cream-coloured band and a spot of the same
colour on each axilla. The scutellar band may be only
notched, not interrupted, and the axillar spots may be very
minute. The new specimens are from flowers of Cassia,
except one from Eucalyptus.

Trigona carbonaria, Smith.
When describing 7. cassia, I suggested that it was per-
haps the species recorded by Friese from Mackay as 7. car-

140 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

bonaria. However, I now have before me two workers of
carbonaria, collected by Mr. Turner at Mackay, April 1900,
at flowers of Xanthorrhwa, and September 1894. The
latter bears the number 318, which was also used for male
Cassia.

Megachile lanata (Fabricius).

Mr. W. Biithn sends mea female which he obtained near
Gordon Town, Jamaica, 1911. The species is East Indian,
and has doubtless been introduced, as it has in Trinidad.
Fox has described it from Kingston, Jamaica, as Megachile
martindalei. In Turton’s edition of the ‘Systema Nature,’
Apis lanata is said to occur in the ‘South American
Islands.”

Centris lepeletieri, sp. n.

Centris hemorrhoidalis, Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hyménop., ii. p. 155.
(S. Domingo.)

The Fabrician C. hemorrhoidalis was briefly described
from the West Indies, no special locality being cited. I
believe the name may properly be applied to the Jamaican
species, which differs from that of S. Domingo by having
the first four abdominal segments and the base of the fifth
blue in the male, and in the female the first four blue, the
apical margin of the fourth reddish. In the face-markings
C. lepeletieri resembles C. elegans, Sm., from St. Vincent,
rather than the Jamaica insect. I have a pair of C. hemor-
rhoidalis collected by Mr. Biithn near Gordon Town, Jamaica,
from which I note some characters not brought out by the
published descriptions,

Centris hemorrhoidalis (Fabricius).
¢.—Anterior tibiew with a longitudinal cream-coloured
stripe; posterior long hairs on hind basitarsus tipped with
white.

? .—Clypeus black ; very sparsely punctured, with a small
round cream-coloured spot near each anterior corner ; lateral
face-marks reduced to a stripe along each orbital margin ;
a small triangular supraclypeal mark ; anterior tibiz with a
short oblique white stripe; second abdominal segment with-
out the lateral light spots seen in the male; hind basitarsal
hairs not tipped with white.

Hyleoides concinna (Fabricius).
Sydney and Cook’s River, Australia (Froggatt).

Records of Bees. 141

Pachyprosopis angophore, sp. 0.

é .—Length about 6 mm.

Black, wholly without metallic lustre; legs and scape
bright chrome-yellow ; flagellum yellow suffused with fer-
ruginous, the last four joints black, and a blackish suffusion
extending down the upper side of four more; scape thick ;
elypeus and supraclypeal area brilliantly shining, sparsely
punctured ; mouth-parts prosopiform, maxillary palpi quite
long; head as in Euryglossa, not specially enlarged ; front
densely punctured ; mesothorax and scutellum finely and
distinctly, but less densely, punctured; a beaded furrow
runs along hind margin of postscutellum ; tegule brownish
piceous, with a yellow spot. Wings clear, with dark reddish-
brown nervures and stigma ; venation as usual in the genus ;
femora broad; hind tibiz robust; hind basitarsus curved,
thickened at base, with an inward projection, beyond this
concave on the inner side, with a few curved erect spines.
Abdomen broad, dullish, with a subsericeous lustre, the surface
under the microscope seen to be covered as densely as pos-
sible with regular, well-defined, transversely oval punctures ;
the mesothorax between the punctures is microscopically
tessellate.

Hab. Sydney, New South Wales, at flowers of the
Myrtaceous Angophora, December 1, 1910 (W. W. Froggatt,
110). Two specimens.

Very distinct from all other described Pachyprosopis by
the wholly black body.

Pachyprosopis flavicauda, sp. n.

2 —Length 5 mm. or slightly over.

Black, with the abdomen reddish yellow at apex and
partly at sides ; labrum, and mandibles except at apex, pale
red ; face and front brilliantly shining ; clypeus with sparse
distinct punctures; front microscopically reticulate, with
very sparse minute punctures; clypeus low and broad, the
supraclypeal area very large; head of ordinary size, as in
Euryglossa ; antenne ferruginous beneath, the flagellum
thick ; mesothorax microscopically reticulated, with sparse
weak punctures; abdomen with microscopical sculpture as
in P. angophore ; tegule light rufo-testaceous; legs pale
ferruginous, with the femora mainly dark, at least behind,
and the tibiz also with large dark marks. Wings clear,
nervures and stigma sepia. Abdomen with the last seg-
ment, the penultimate (except a black band at extreme
base, broadly lobed in middle, not reaching sides), and the

142 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

posterior apical corners of the second to fourth reddish
orange or orange ferruginous.

Hab. Sydney, New South Wales, at flowers of Angophora,
December 1, 1910 (W. W. Froggatt, 111).

Known from all the other Pachyprosopis by the black
abdomen with light apex. On account of the small size,
and quite different sculpture of head and thorax, I cannot
regard this as the female of P. angophore. Two specimens
were sent.

Pachyprosopis humeralis, sp. n.

¢ .—Length about 43 mm.

Black, the abdomen very dark brown, with yellow bands
at the extreme bases of the second to fourth segments, or
only on the second ; face below antennz, labrum, mandibles
(except tips), cheeks (ending some distance below top of
eye), scape and frontal mark, all brilliant chrome-yellow ;
the frontal mark, connecting with the supraclypeal, is large
and circular or subquadrate; the yellow Jateral marks
extend above the level of the antenne very broadly, with a
further linear extension along the orbit, the whole like a
hand with the index-finger pointed ; flagellum dull yellowish
beneath ; third antennal joint extremely short, a mere ring,
fourth twice as broad as long; facial fovez linear, sharply
pointed above ; upper part of head and thorax dull, rather
coarsely microscopically tessellate, with scattered punctures ;
the broad base of metathorax more shining, with a micro-
scopic cancellation; upper part of thorax all black, except
broad anterior corners of mesothorax, which are yellow, the
yellow ending in a sharp point over the tegule ; sides of
prothorax, tubercles (except a dark dot), anterior part of
pleura, a small stripe invading mesopleura, and under side
of thorax all yellow; legs yellow, the hind tibiz with a dark
stripe; hind legs quite normal; tegule pale testaceous.
Wings clear, nervures piceous ; first r. n. entering apical
corner of first s.m.; second s.m. narrow, its upper apical
angle variably produced, but always essentially in_ the
Pachyprosopis manner; stigma large, sepia-brown. Abdo-
men broad, the apex ferruginous ; venter yellow.

Hab. Sydney, New South Wales, three at flowers of
Angophora, Dec. 1, 1910 (IV. W. Froggatt, 112=type, and
115 in part).

Quite unlike all other Pachyprosopis by its yellow
markings, in which it resembles one of the groups of Eury-
glossa. The head also is formed as in Euryglossa. The
abdomen has a minute transverse tessellation, but no distinct

punctures.

Records of Bees. 143

Euryglossa mutica, sp. n

g .—Looks exactly like Pachyprosopis humeralis, but on
closer inspection seen to differ as follows: nervures paler,
second s.m. quadrate, its upper apical angle about a right
angle ; no yellow frontal mark; yellow going hardly half-

way up cheeks; facial fovea shorter ; mesothorax entirely
black; thorax rather more shining ; sides of prothorax, with
tubercles, and anterior coxz, yellow, but thorax otherwise
black beneath. The third antennal joint is a mere ring, as
in P. humeralis.

Hab. Sydney, New South Wales, one at flowers of Ango-
phora, Dec. 1, 1910 (W. W. Froggatt, 115, in part).

What is the real relationship of /. mutica to P. humeralis ?
On the venation, they go in different genera, yet they are
so closely allied that I was at first convinced that they were
forms of one species. I do not yet consider it satisfactorily
demonstrated that E. mutica is not a ‘“‘ mutation” of the
Pachyprosopis, but in view of the various differences I
describe them as distinct. The male of FH. calliopsella, which
Professor Froggatt took on the same day as E. mutica, is
very similar in coloration, and no doubt closely allied ; but
it is much larger, and has a much longer second submar inal
cell, which receives both recurrent nervures. The genus
Pachyprosopis variously grades into Euryglossa and becomes
hard to define. It could be restricted to the species with
large heads, but this seems unsatisfactory.

Euryglossa aurantifera, sp. n.

? .—Length about 94 mm.

Black, with bright chrome-yellow markings on head and
thorax ; head broad, inner orbits nearly parallel ; clypeus
(except a pair of small black marks), semicircular clypeal
area, and broad supraclypeal marks bright yellow, the latter
filling space between clypeus and eyes and extending broadly
upwards, ending near level of upper margin of ‘antennal
sockets, the highest puint nearly halfway between antennze
and eyes ; mandibles and the shining labrum wholly dark ;
front and vertex dull, the latter with black hair; mesothorax
dull, with black hair, its anterior lateral corners with a large
yellow patch ; tubercles broadly yellow, but pleura wholly
black; scutellum, postscutellum, and axille yellow, not
shining; area of metathorax dull, without any evident
sculpture ; tegule black. Wings clear, with piceous nervures
and stigma; second s.m. long, receiving the recurrent
nervures a considerable distance from its base and apex ;

144 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

second t.-c. straight. Legs entirely dark, with thin pale
hair. Abdomen flattened, dull at base, more shining apically,
with black hair. Under the microscope the sculpture of
the thorax above is seen to consist of a very minute net-
work, the meshes elongate ; there are no punctures.

Fak. Sydney, New South Wales, Nov. 29, 1910 (W. W.
Froggatt, 132).

Unfortunately the specimen was broken in transit and the
antennee lost.

Very close to E. geminata, Ckll., but differing by the
absence of yellow spots on the abdomen, the darker nervures,
and the much longer second submarginal cell. Also related
to EL. quadrimaculata, Smith, which has four yellow spots on
the abdomen. ‘These insects closely resemble species of
Prosopis.

Meroglossa (sulcifrons subsp. ?) persulcata, sp. n.

¢ .—Length about 9 mm.

Black, with the face deeply suleate on each side of the
clypeus, the middle of which is strongly elevated; face-
marks creamy white; thoracic markings (consisting of
tubercles), a large rounded patch behind, scutellum and
postscutellum (but not axille) bright chrome-yellow; light
marks of face consisting of elevated part of clypeus, a large
triangular patch on each side, a supraclypeal dot, and lateral
face-marks, ending in a broad truncation a little below
middle of front; there is a dark shade on each lateral mark
next to the eye; malar space, labrum, and cheeks black ;
tongue slender and pointed; maxillary palpi very long;
scape black; flagellum dark red beneath, the last joint
pointed ; front depressed, smooth and shining above antenne,
but beyond this punctate; mesothorax shining, strongly
punctured ; basal area of metathorax longitudinally finely
ridged or striate; legs black, with some of the hair ‘shining
silvery ; ; tegulz piceous, with a yellow dot. Wings dusky,
nervures and stigma dark brown, second s.m. receiving both
recurrent nervures. Abdomen shining, conspicuously punc-
tured, punctures on first segment conspicuously finer than
those on second.

Hab. Southern Queensland (Froggatt, 36). Certainly very
near to Meroglossa sulcifrons (Prosopis sulcifrons, Smith),
but the lateral face-marks of sulcifrons are much more
reduced. The large white area on clypeus in persulcata is
long and narrow, a truncated cone, not “ bell-shaped ” ; the
wings of persulcata are distinctly dusky, not “hyaline...
their extreme apex slightly clouded.” It is possible, how-
ever, that persulcata isa race of sulcifrons.

Records of Bees. 145

Prosopis nubilosella mediosticla, subsp. un.

? .—Larger, length about 8 mm.

Wings strongly infuscated ; second s.m. not especially
long ; clypeus wholly black ; a triangular creamy-white mark
on upper part of supraclypeal area ; inconspicuous linear
marks at sides of front as in nubilosella ; tubercles broadly,
mesothorax and scutellum bright orange, the surface of
mesothorax and scutellum dull. Abdomen pure black,
finely but distinctly punctured. Head short and broad
compared with nzi/osa and its immediate allies.

Hab. Botany, New South Wales, Nov. 10, 1891 (Froggatt,
29

This is perhaps a distinct species, but it is in any event
very close to P. nubilosella. The legs carry three asclepiad
pollen-masses.

Prosopis quadriceps, Smith, var. a.
? .—Large (about 8 mm. long).

Legs all dark except the broadly yellow base of hind tibie ;
lateral face-marks lobed above, the whole shape much like
that of a snail crawling, with obtuse foot and no tentacles.

Hab. Kenthurst, New South Wales, Oct. 9, 1903
(Froggatt, 27).

Ido not give this a special name, as it is probably no
more than an individual variation.

Prosopis chrysognatha, Cockerell.

Described from Melbourne. A male (Froggatt, 30) is
labelled “ A. decur., Nest,’ March 10, 1893. It differs
from the type in having the first r. n. meeting first t.-c.
We are doubtless to understand that it nests in Acacia
decurrens.

Prosopis alcyonea, Erichs.

Both sexes from National Park, New South Wales,
Dec. 10, 1909 (T. McC. ; sent by Froggatt).

Prosopis impressifrons, Smith.

Described from ‘‘ New Holland.’ A male before me is
from Kenthurst, New South Wales, October 1903 (Froggatt,
32). The second to fourth ventral segments of abdomen
have a rather inconspicuous tubercle on each side. The
scape is extremely thick.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. ix. 10

146 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

Prosopis desponsa, Smith.

Described from ‘‘ New Holland.’”’ A female before me is
from Heathcote, New South Wales, June 28, 1894 (Froggatt,
21). Smith says, “this is probably the female of P. im-
pressifrons,”’ and I believe this suggestion is correct.

Prosopis morosa, Smith.

Described from ‘ Australia.” A female before me is
from Como, New South Wales, Nov. 1, 1902 (W. W.
Froggatt, 31).

Prosopis perplexa, Smith.

Described from ‘‘ New Holland.” Mr. Froggatt has

taken females at Mosman’s Bay (Oct. 4, 1892) and Hornsby

(Feb. 22, 1894), New South Wales. The venation varies,
the first r. n. joining the first t.-c. or entering the first s.m.

Prosopis elegans, Smith.

Kenthurst, New South Wales, Feb. 1904 (Gallard). A
male of var. sydneyana (Ckll.) is from Wellington, N.S.W.,
1896 (Froggatt).

Prosopis aureomaculata, Cockerell (? =race of nubilosa, Sm.).

Additional specimens (males) collected by Mr. Turner at
Mackay, Queensland, in May, show that subnubilosa, Ckll.,
completely intergrades, and must be regarded only as a
variation. ‘The range of P. aureomaculata is greatly ex-
tended by males from Como, N.S.W., Nov. 1, 1902
(Froggatt), and females from Kenthurst, N.S.W. (Gallard),
and Sydney, N.S.W., at Angophora, Dec. 1 (Froggatt).

Prosopis amicula, Smith.

Described from Champion Bay. Females were collected
by Mr. Froggatt at Wellington, N.S.W., 1891; and Sydney,
at flowers of Angophora, Dec. 1, 1910.

Prosopis flavojugata, sp. n.

? .—Length about 54 mm.

Black, with a variable but small yellow spot on each side
of clypeus, the swollen upper margin of prothorax and the
tubercles bright chrome-yellow, but no other yellow about
the insect, the legs wholly black, the tegule entirely dark ;
flagellum very dark reddish beneath ; head and thorax dull ;

Records of Bees. 147

abdomen with the first segment smooth and shining, the
others dull. Wings clear, nervures and stigma very dark
brown; second s.m. large, subquadrate, receiving both re-
current nervures. The mesothorax is microscopically tes-
sellate, with excessively minute punctures; the abdomen,
beyond the first segment, has a microscopical transverse
striation.

Hab. Como, New South Wales, two taken Nov. 1, 1902
(Froggatt, 35).

Looks at first sight like P. amicula, but easily separated
by the reduced face-markings and entirely dark legs; amicula
also has a delicately punctured abdomen, without any abrupt
contrast between the first and second segments. It also
recalls P. nigropersonata, Ckll., but that has a blue abdomen.

Prosopis wanthaspis, Cockerell.

The male, not before described, isvery small (hardly 54 mm.
long).

Clypeus, labrum, and cuneate lateral face-marks (strongly
notched above) primose-yellow ; no supraclypeal mark ;
yellow ornaments of thorax as in the female, except that
the yellow of the tubercles is paler and reduced in amount,
while the bright chrome-yellow patches of the scutellum and
postscutellum are smaller (shorter), and there are no axillar
spots; anterior tibie in front, hind tibie broadly at base,
and all the basitarsi, white or very pale yellowish ; metallic
tint of abdomen very obscure.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland, March 1900 (Turner, 15 a).
Two specimens.

In my table of Australian Prosopis, this runs to P. metal-
lica, Sm., which has a strongly punctured abdomen; or
among the non-metallic species to the group of honesta,
simillima, and metallica, differing by its small size and the
face-markings.

Prosopis scintilla, sp. u.

? —Length about 4 mm.

Looks like P. eugeniella, but face-marks reduced to a
slender cream-coloured line along rather more than the
middle third of the inner orbital margins; labrum and
mandibles ferruginous; antenne dark “brown above, pale
testaceous beneath (including scape), the flagellum thick ;
head round seen from in front; head and thorax dullish,
abdomeu convex, shining ; thorax with no light markings ;
knees, anterior tibiz in front, and all the tarsi ferruginous;

10*

148 Descriptions and Records of Bees.

tegulz testaceous. Wings clear, nervures and stigma dark
reddish brown ; stigma ordinary, considerably smaller than
in P, eugeniella; recurrent nervures meeting the transyerso-
cubitals; vertex and mesothorax rough and coarsely punc-
tured, the latter with scattered pale hair. Abdomen with
very sparse excessively minute punctures, and minute
transverse lineolation.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland, at flowers of Eucalyptus,
Dec. 1899 ( Turner, 1082). British Museum.

Prosopis ancorata, sp. 0.

¢ .—Length nearly 44 mm.

Black, with creamy-white markings; head and thorax
minutely grauular-punctate; eyes converging below, face
rather narrow; labrum and mandibles, clypeus (except a
large cuneiform black mark on each side), and lateral face-
marks, the latter long and narrrow, filling space between
clypeus and eye, abr uptly notched by antennal sockets, and
ending in a line a short distance above level of antenne ; :
no supracly peal mark ; scape very short, cream-coloured on
outer side; flagellum long, hght ferruginous beneath ; pro-
thorax with two white lines on upper border and a small
spot on tubercles; no other light colour on thorax ; area
of metathorax very large, semicircular, with irregular ruge ;
tegule piceous with a light spot. Wings clear, with dark
nervures and stigma; firstr. n. entering second s.m., second
r. n. joining second t.-c.; second s.m. rather long ; anterior
tibize in front, and anterior and middle knees, ferruginous
or testaceous ; hind tibia narrowly at base, and hind basi-
tarsus, white. Abdomen somewhat shining, scarcely punc-
tured ; venter normal,

Hab. Sydney, New South Wales, at flowers of Angophora,
Nov. 24, 1910 (Lroggatt, 107, in part).

In my table runs to 35, and runs out on account of the
cream-coloured face-markings, which resemble those of
P. aureomaculata, although the face is so much shorter than
in ancorata.

Prosopis eburniella, sp. n.

3 .—Size and appearance of P. ancorata, but differing as
follows: face broader and_ shorter, entirely ivory- white
beneath the level of the antenne, with a supraclypeal mark
which is about twice as broad as long, the lateral marks
ending obliquely above, at an angle of about 45° with orbit,
but at extreme apex prolonged along orbital margin ina
small finger-like tip; flagellum much shorter, but scape

On new Species of Pyralide. 149

longer, black with an ivory-white mark near apex; thorax
more shining ; white lines on prothorax very narrow, but
tubercles broadly white ; area of metathorax hardly sculp-
tured ; tegule entirely black. Wings dusky; second s.m.
shorter; anterior tibiz in front, spot at base of middle
tibize, basal half of hind tibize, and all the basitarsi white ;
apical part of abdomen above with short dark hair.

Hab. Sydney, New South Wales, at flowers of Angophora,
Noy. 24, 1910 (Froggatt, 107, in part).

This runs to about the same place in the table as
P. ancorata, but is very distinct from it. Except for the
much shorter face, the face-markings resemble those of the
European P. hyalinata.

Meroglossa parallela var. recessiva, v. nov.

3g .—No light mark on pleura behind tubercles; light
marks on scutellum absent or reduced to a small spot, on
postscutellum reduced to a small spot on moderately large
triangular mark.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland, at flowers of Xanthorrhea,
April 1900, also taken in May (Turner, 853). British
Museum.

Prosopis albonitens var. chromatica, v. nov.

?.—Light colour of prothorax and tubercles bright

chrome-yellow.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland, at flowers of Xanthorrhea,
May 1899 (Turner, 712, in part). British Museum.

The mesothorax is more finely punctured than usual.

XV.— Descriptions of new Species of Pyralidee of the Sub-
family Pyraustine. By Sir Grorce F. Hampson, Bart.,
F.Z.S.,; &e.

Tur following descriptions of new Pyraustine are supple-
mentary to my papers on the classification of that subfamily
in the ‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society,’ 1898, pp. 590-
761 and 1899, pp. 172-291. The numbers given refer
to the position of the species in the genera in those papers.
The types are in the British Museum, when not otherwise
stated.
(4) Newrophyseta camptogrammalis, sp. n.
Hydrocampa clymenalis, Druce, Biol, Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p, 275 (part.),
nec W1k.
Fore wing with no glandular swelling on vein 1.

150 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

Head, thorax, and abdomen white tinged with ochreous ;
antennz fulvous ; abdomen with slight subdorsal black spots
on second and fifth segments and band on fourth segment.
Fore wing white ; obliquely placed subbasal black spots on
costa and below cell; a brown antemedial line interrupted
by orange below costa, angled outwards below costa, then
oblique; a discoidal lunule defined by brown, open below,
with orange streaks above it on costa and beyond it on veins
7,6; a double brown postmedial line, the inner line arising
from a black point on costa, rather oblique to vein 3, then
bent inwards and diffused to lower angle of cell where it is
interrupted, then oblique and rather diffused from submedian
fold to middle of inner margin, the outer line oblique from
costa to vein 8 near termen, then curved inwards to inner
margin ; subterminal line acutely bent outwards to apex
where it is strong and black, then fine and brown, excurved
to near termen at vein 3, then obsolete; cilia yellowish white.
Hind wing white, with oblique pale brown postmedial line
from vein 5 to tornus; a pale brown patch on termen in sub-
median interspace ; cilia yellowish white.

Hab, Guatemata, Vera Paz (Champion), 1 g, Cerro Zunil
(Champion), 1 2, Las Mercedes (Champion), 1 3,1 2 type,
Godman-Salvin Coll. zp. 16-18 mm.

(5) Neurophyseta normalis, sp. n.

White; antennz tinged with yellow; mid-femora with
slight black ring at extremity ; abdomen with dorsal ochreous
lines on first two segments. Fore wing with black point at
base of costa and subbasal black spots on costa and below
cell; an oblique ochreous antemedial line; a discoidal-lunule
defined by black except below, with ochreous streaks beyond
it on the veins to the postmedial line, which is ochreous
arising from a black striga on costa, excurved to vein 4,
then retracted to below angle of cell and erect to inner
margin, another ochreous line beyond it, oblique from costa
to near termen at vein 3, then inwardly oblique and less
distinct ; a fine black subterminal line, excurved to apex and
obsolescent towards tornus ; the termen and cilia tinged with
yellow. Hind wing with ochreous antemedial line from
middle of cell to inner margin; an ochreous postmedial line,
obsolete towards costa, excurved to lower angle of ceil where
it is angled inwards, then again slightly excurved; a curved
ochreous subterminal line ; the termen and cilia tinged with
yellow.

Hab. W. Inpvizs, St. Vincent (H. H. Smith), 43,19
type. Eap. 18 mm.

Species of Pyralide. 151

(6) Neurophyseta arcigrammalis, sp. 0.

¢. White; palpi with black point at extremity of second
joint; maxillary palpi with black point near extremity ;
antennz tinged with yellow; fore cox with some fuscous
hair at extremity, the femora and tibiz fuscous above, the
mid and hind tibiz and tarsi with some black points; abdomen
with black dorsal bar on second segment and slight ochreous
lines on medial segments. Fore wing with black point a
base of costa and subbasal spots on costa and below cell ;
antemedial brown line angled outwards below costa, itn
oblique ; a discoidal lunule defined by black except below,
with some yellow above it on costa and brown streaks beyond
it on the veins; a brown postmedial line arising from an
oblique black striga on costa, excurved to vein 3 towards
which there is a brown patch on its inner side, then retracted
to below angle of cell and obsolescent, then erect to inner
margin, another brown line beyond it, obliquely excurved
from costa to vein 3, then obsolete ; a fine black subterminal
line, excurved to apex and obsolete towards tornus. Hind
wing with slight brown antemedial line from middle of cell
to inner margin ; a brown postmedial line obliquely excurved
from costa to vein 4, then incurved, and again excurved at
vein 1; another brown line from costa. beyond middle
obliquely excurved to vein 2, then subterminal.

flab. 8. Brazit, Sao Paulo (Jones), 1 3 type. Haup.20 mm.

(7) Neurophyseta diplogrammalis, sp. uv.

2. White; vertex of thorax and abdomen slightly tinged
with yellow and with slight black points behind tegule.
Fore wing slightly tinged with yellow in parts; subbasal
black points below cell and on vein 1 ; traces of an ochreous
antemedial line, oblique from costa to median nervure; a
small discoidal lunule defined by fuscous except below and
with slight yellow streaks beyond it on the veins; postmedial
line double, yellow, obliquely curved from costa to vein 3
near termen, then obsolete; a fine fuscous subterminal line
curved outwards to apex and obsolete below vein 3. Hind
wing slightly tinged with yellow in parts; two brownish
antemedial lines from middle of cell to inner margin; two
brownish postmedial lines from below costa to tornus, the
inner line slightly incurved from vein 5 to submedian fold.

Hab. Brazit, Organ Mts., Tijuca (Wagner), 1 ¢ type.
Exp. 18 mm.

152 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

(8) Neurophyseta albinalis, sp. n.
Hy dr ooampe clymenalis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 275 (part.),
nec W1k.

Hydrocampa debalis, Druce, Biol. Centr-Am., Het. ii. p. 276 (part.).

White; antennz, thorax, and abdomen tinged with white.
Fore wing with subbasal black point below costa; two dark
marks on basal costal area ; a curved fulvous antemedial line
arising from a black point on costa; a narrow black dis-
coidal annulus; a postmedial fulvous line arising from a
black point on costa, simuous, and at vein 3 recurved to the
discoidal annulus; a slightly curved subterminal line from
costa to vein 2; a yellow terminal band with black line on
its inner side arising from a poimt below costa; a fuscous
terminal line. Hind wing with curved fulvous antemedial
line, a sinuous postmedial line excurved beyond thie cell; a
curved subterminal line; a yellow terminai band with black
strize on its inner edge and fuscous line on its outer edge.

Ab. 1. Fore wing with ochreous suffusion along the veins ;
both wings with the base of cilia deep ochreous.—W.
Colombia.

Hab. Costa Rica, Irazu (Rogers), 2 2? , R. Sucio (Rogers),
1 3,1 2 type; Guaremara, Cubilguitz (Champion), 2 3,
San Juan (Champion), 1 9; Panama, Chiriqui (Champion),
1 2 Godman-Salvin Coll.; W. Cotomspra, San Antonio
(Palmer), 1 3,19; Brazm, N. Friburgo, 1 ¢, Organ
Mts., Tijuca (Wagner), 1 8. Exp. 18 mm.

(9) Neurophyseta argyroleuca, sp. n.

gd. Head and thorax silvery white; palpi with some
rufous at base ; antenne tinged with rufous ; abdomen white
dorsally banded with rufous. Fore wing silvery white; the
costal edge deep rufous, the costal area suffused with rufous
except towards base ; the veins streaked with rufous ; a sub-
basal rufous bar from cell to inner margin ; antemedial line
rufous, waved, from costa] area to inner margin, followed
by a narrow oblique rufous band; reniform defined by deep
rufous except below, constricted at middle; postmedial line
rufous, obliquely excurved from costa to below end of cell,
then oblique, followed by an oblique deep rufous band; an
oblique, minutely waved deep rufous line just before termen,
the area beyond it tinged with yellowish rufous; cilia
brownish at tips. Hind wing silvery white, with an oblique
red-brown antemedial line from cell to inner margin ; post-
medial line red-brown, excurved below costa, then oblique ;
a slight somewhat dentate red-brown subterminal line from

Species of Pyralide. 153

below costa to submedian fold; a series of slight red-brown
lunules just before termen ; cilia tinged with red-brown at
base ; the underside with the lines more distinct, the ante-
medial and subterminal lines extending to costa, a slight
discoidal striga.

Hab. Perv, Agualani (Ockenden),4 3 type. Eup. 22mm.

(10) Neurophyseta albirufa, sp. n.

6. Head and thorax silvery white, the metathorax tinged
with rufous ; antennz ringed with rufous; fore legs brown
on inner side; abdomen white, suffused with rufous except
at base. Fore wing rufous ; an oblique silvery-white ante-
medial band from below costa to inner margin; a silvery-
white discoidal bar confluent with an oblique quadrate
silvery-white patch at lower angle of cell, its two outer angles
somewhat produed ; an elongate white spot in discal fold
beyond the cell; a lunulate silvery-white patch from apex to
vein 4 before termen; an oblique quadrate silvery-white
patch at tornus ; cilia white, brown at middle. Hind wing
silvery white; traces of a red-brown antemedial line from
cell to inner margin ; postmedial line indistinct, red-brown,
excurved from costa to vein 4, then incurved, excurved at
vein 4 and ending in a spot at tornus, traces of another line
beyond it from costa to discal fold; traces of rufous points
on termen below apex and a red-brown bar at middle with
small spot before it; the underside with some red-brown
suffusion on middle of costa and in end of cell, a slight white
discoidal lunule, the postmedial line distinct and double from
costa to discal fold.

Hab. Perv, Agualani (Ockenden),1 2 type. Exp. 22 mm.

(12 a) Neurophyseta perrivalis, sp. n.

6. Head, thorax, and abdomen white slightly tinged with
yellow; palpi with black point at extremity of second joint ;
metathorax with black bar; fore tibiz black on inner side ;
abdomen with black dorsal bars on second and third segments
followed by brownish bars, lateral series of black striz and a

‘ventral bar on anal segment. Fore wing white tinged with
yellow; a very oblique blackish subbasal line followed by a
yellowish line ; antemedial line black, acutely angled out-
wards below costa, then oblique ; discoidal lunule defined by
black ; postmedial line black, excurved below costa, incurved
at discal fold, excurved to vein 2, then retracted to below
end of cell, excurved above vein 1 and oblique to inner
margin; an orange-yellow subterminal band, dentate to

154 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

termen below apex, incurved at discal fold and below vein 2;
a black line just before termen bent outwards below apex ;
cilia orange with a fine black line near tips which are white.
Hind wing white tinged with yellow ; oblique black subbasal
and antemedial lines ; discoidal lunule defined by black ;
postmedial line black, excurved between veins 5 and 2, and
curved round at inner margin to join the antemedial line ;
an orange-yellow subterminal band, excurved below costa
and at middle, incurved at discal fold; a fine black terminal
line; cilia orange with a fine black line near tips which are
white.

Hab. W. Cotomsia, San Antonio (Palmer), 1 ¢ type.
Exp. 18 mm.

(14) Neurophyseta auralis, sp. n.

?. White, strongly tinged with orange; maxillary palpi
and patagia with black points; abdomen with dark dorsal
spot at base and band on third segment. Fore wing with
black points at base of costa and below cell; a subbasal
orange spot on costa and three antemedial spots; a medial
line acutely angled outwards below costa, then slightly
sinuous ; a black-edged discoidal Innule, with slight orange
streaks on the veins beyond it ; the postmedial line excurved
from costa to vein 3, then bent inwards to below end of cell,
angled outwards in submedian fold, and bent outwards to
inner margin and with a curved orange line beyond it, angled
inwards in submedian fold; a fine black eabicaouanl ee
bent outwards to apex. Hind wing with fulvous subbasal
and antemedial lines on inner area; a blackish discoidal
lunule ; a medial line excurved beyond cell, then sinuous ;
a curved postmedial line and a fine black subterminal line.

Hab. Brazir, Sio Paulo (Jones),3 ¢ type. Eap.18 mm.

(15) Neurophyseta arcuatalis, sp. n.

Tydrocampa clymenalis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii p. 275 (part.),
nec Wlk,

@. Head, thorax, and abdomen white slightly tinged with
ochreous; palpi with black point at extremity of second joint ;
fore tibiz and tarsi tinged with fuscous ; abdomen with sub-
dorsal black spots on second segment and slight dorsal bands
on terminal segments. Fore wing white, the base tinged with
ochreous ; obliquely placed black subbasal points below costa
and cell; two very oblique orange antemedial strize from
costa and an oblique pale brown line from subcostal nervure
to inner margin; a discoidal lunule slightly defined by

Species of Pyralide. 155

fuscous except below, an orange streak above it on costa
and the veins beyond it streaked with orange to termen ;
some pale brown suffusion from lower angle of cell to termen
between veins 5 and 2; postmedial line double, with oblique
black striga on the inner line at costa, then very minutely
waved and excurved to vein 3, where it is bent inwards and
almost obsolete, then as a faint single pale brown line from
vein 3 tc middle of inner margin ; subterminal line black,
stronger and bent outwards to apex, then fine, slightly ex-
curved and parallel to termen to above tornus; a fine dark
terminal line; cilia white tinged with golden brown and
with a slight dark line near base. Hind wing white, the
terminal area tinged with golden brown; two pale brown
postmedial lines from below costa, excurved below vein 2 and
the outer line ending at tornus; a slight subterminal line
from costa to vein 3; a fine dark terminal line; cilia white
tinged with golden brown, and with a slight dark line near
base.

Hab. Guaremata, Las Mercedes (Champion), 1 2 type;
Panama (Champion),1 2, Godman-Salvin Coll. Ezp. 16mm.

(19) Neurophyseta rufalis, sp. nu.

¢@. Head and thorax rufous and whitish ; pectus and legs
whitish ; abdomen rufous banded with whitish. Fore wing
pale rufous, the basal, autemedial, and medial areas with
some whitish except towards costa; curved diffused rufous
subbasal and antemedial lines ; a medial diffused line slightly
angled outwards below costa, then very oblique; a small
white discoidal lnunule defined by rufous, with whitish streak
from it to postmedial line, which is rufous defined by whitish
on outer side, very oblique below vein 4 to inner margin
before middle; a series of slight dark points just before
termen. Hind wing whitish; a rather indistinct rufous
antemedial line; a small discoidal spot defined by rufous ;
a rufous postmedial line excurved from costa to vein 4, then
oblique ; the terminal area suffused with rufous, with a series
of slight dark points just before termen.

Hab. Jamaica, Runaway Bay (Walsingham), 1 § type.
Exp. 14 mm.

(20) Neurophyseta fulvalis, sp. n.

Fore wing without swelling on vein 1, the apex produced
and the termen excised below it ; hind wing with the termen
excurved at middle.

Head and thorax white; palpi with black points on first

156 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

and second joints and at extremity of maxillary palpi; tegulz
with fulvous points ; extremities of patagia and patches on
pro- and metathorax fulvous ; femora and tibiz with some
black spots ; abdomen white suffused with fulvous above.
Fore wing fulvous ; a white patch at base of costa and waved
white subbasal and antemedial lines, the latter angled out-
wards below costa; black points at angles of cell with a
waved white line from lower augle to inner margin ; a dark
postmedial line defined by white towards costa, excurved
from below costa to vein 38, then ineurved ; a fine black sub-
terminal line, bent outwards to apex where there is some
white on its edges, incurved to imner margin; cilia brown.
Hind wing pale fulvous, the inner area darker with a white
antemedial line on it; the postmedial line defined by white
on outer side, excurved from costa to vein 3 where it is bent
inwards ; a fine minutely waved black subterminal line with
some white on its inner edge; cilia whitish, black at base
towards tornus.

Hab. Brazit, Sao Paulo (Jones), 1 g,1 92 type. up.,
6 18, 2 20 mm.

(5 a) Homophysa flavidalis, sp. 1

6. Head and thorax white tinged with yellow; abdomen
orange-yellow with slight white segmental lines. Fore wing
fulvous yellow ; a faint fulvous subbasal line slightly defined
by whitish on outer side, angled outwards below costa, then
oblique, sinuous ; the antemedial line almost medial, angled
outwards in cell, ‘then oblique, sinuous and defined on each
side by black scales, a diffused whitish band beyond it; the
outer part of medial area finely pencilled with dark scales ; -
postmedial line fulvous slightly defined by white on outer
side, oblique from costa to vein 6, excurved to vein 4, then
oblique, sinuous, a white spot beyond it on costa; a terminal
series of black points and striga above tornus, the points
towards apex on slight dentate white marks ; ; cilia whitish
at tips. Hind wing white tinged with yellow; a faint brown
postmedial line excurved from costa to vein 2, then incurved ;
a terminal series of black striz and more prominent line at
submedian interspace ; cilia pure white at tips.

Hub. Paracuay, Sapucay (Foster), 2 ¢ ; ARGENTINA,
Sante Fé, Ocampo (Magner), 1 g type. Exp. 16 mm.

(8a) Homophysa furvalis, sp. n.
9? . Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish suffused with rufous

except the base of abdomen ; palpi banded with white. Fore
wing whitish suffused with rufous, the terminal area deeper

Species of Pyralidee. 157

rufous ; subbasal line represented by a very oblique rufous
striga from costa; antemedial line almost medial, rufous,
oblique from costa to subeostal nervure, then inwardly
oblique and slightly sinuous; postmedial line rufous,
excurved from costa to vein 4, then oblique and angled
inwards in submedian fold; the apex slightly tinged with
white ; a small black spot on termen at submedian fold
with a point below it. Hind wing with the basal half
whitish, the terminal half rufous; an antemedial rufous
patch from cell to inner margin ; a postmedial rufous line
defined by whitish on outer side and bent outwards to
tornus; a black point on termen at submedian fold, with
white line from it to tornus.

Hab. Mexico, Tabasco, Teapa (H. H. Smith), 2 @? type,
Godman-Salyin Coll. Erp. 14 mm.

(11) Homophysa dichordalis, sp. un.

Head and thorax ochreous tinged with rufous; pectus,
legs, and abdomen whitish. Fore wing ochreous tinged
with rufous; the first line almost medial, brown, oblique
from costa to subcostal nervure, erect to submedian fold,
then inwardly oblique ; a brown discoidal bar; postmedial
line brown slightly defined by whitish on outer side, oblique
towards costa, excurved to vein 4, then obliquely incurved ;
a terminal series of black points; cilia dark at tips. Hind
wing whitish tinged with ochreous, the terminal area with
rufous ; a slight curved brown postmedial line from costa to
submedian fold; some dark points on termen and the cilia
rufous from apex to submedian fold, then whitish.

Hab. Mexico, Presidio (Forrer), 1 2? , Godman-Salvin Coll.;
Cotomsia, 1 9; Surinam, Paramaribo (Ellacombe), 1 6
type; Brazit, Bahia (Lacerda),1 92. Exp. 14-20 mm.

(12) Homophysa distictalis, sp. n.

?. Head and thorax ochreous tinged with rufous; pectus
and legs whitish; abdomen ochreous. Fore wing ochreous
tinged with rufous, the medial area yellower except the
costal area and cell ; antemedial line white defined on each
side by blackish, expanding into a white spot on costa,
excurved from costa to median nervure, then incurved,
interrupted by a diffused dark streak in cell; postmedial
line white defined on each side by blackish, expanding into
a wedge-shaped white spot on costa, excurved to vein 4,
then incurved and slightly excurved again at vein 1; a
series of small black spots on termen ; cilia with dark line
at middle and white tips. Hind wing white slightly tinged

158 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

with ochreous ; faint traces of a brown postmedial line from
costa to submedian fold ; a terminal series of black points
and the cilia ochreous at base with a dark medial line from
apex to submedian fold, white at tips and towards tornus.

Hab. Fr. Guiana, Cayenne (Schaus), 1 2? type. zp.
14 mn.

(13) Homophysa albifascialis, sp. n.

Head and thorax ochreous tinged with rufous; pectus
and legs whitish ; abdomen ochreous white irrorated with
brown on dorsum. Fore wing ochreous tinged with rufous
and irrorated with brown; a diffused brown medial line bent
inwards to costa, with a white band beyond it diffused on
outer side; an indistinct diffused brown postmedial line,
oblique towards costa, excurved to vein 4, then inwardly
oblique ; a terminal brown line and series of slight black
points ; cilia with dark medial line and white tips. Hind
wing white tinged with ochreous, the terminal area with
rufous ; a slight curved brown postmedial line from costa to
submedian fold, faintly defined by whitish on outer side; a
rather strigiform brown terminal line; cilia whitish, with
fine dark lines at middle and near tips.

Hab. Peru, Callao (J. J. Walker), 2 2, Valparaiso (J. J.
Walker), 1 2 ; Arncentina, Florenzia (Wagner), 3 3 type,
Goya (Perrins),4 2. Exp. 20-22 mm.

(5 a) Scybalista rufescens, sp. n.

2. Head and thorax red-brown ; pectus and legs white;
abdomen pale reddish brown, dorsally suffused with dark
brown. Fore wing red-brown; a dark medial line oblique
from costa to discal fold, then sinuous; postmedial line
dark, excurved, angled inwards in submedian fold; a
terminal series of black points; cilia white at tips. Hind
wing red-brown with some dark irroration, the costal
area whitish; postmedial line dark, arising at vein 6 and
excurved in submedian interspace; a terminal series of
black points; cilia white at tips; the underside whitish
tinged with rufous, a black discoidal point, the postmedial
line formed of dark striz.

Hab. Panama, Cana Mines (Tylecote), 1 2 type. Exp.
18 mm.

(9) Seybalista leucostactalis, sp. n.

Head and thorax white mixed with some red-brown ; palpi
banded brown and white; pectus and legs white, the fore
tibiz banded with brown ; abdomen red-brown with white

Species of Pyralide. 159

segmental lines. Fore wing red-brown with some darker
irroration; an indistinct brown subbasal line excurved
below costa, then incurved, with white patches before and
beyond it on inner area; antemedial line brown slightly
defined by white on inner side, oblique towards costa, angled
inwards in submedian fold and with white patch beyond it
from cell to above inner margin; a dark discoidal striga;
postmedial line brown slightly defined by white on outer
side, oblique towards costa, excurved to vein 4, then oblique,
minutely waved and slightly angled inwards at vein 2; an
oblique white striga from costa before apex; a terminal
series of black points, the two below apex on slight white
marks, some white on termen above tornus; the cilia with
slight white marks below apex and above tornus. Hind
wing white, the terminal area faintly tinged with rufous,
more strongly in female; a faint brown postmedial line,
excurved from costa to vein 2, where there is a dark striga
and it is bent outwards; a punctiform blackish terminal
line; cilia white, with two fine dark lines and a brown mark
at base at submedian fold; the underside with the costal
area irrorated with brown, a small discoidal spot, the post-
medial line punctiform, a terminal series of small black
lunules.

Hab. Braztt, Amazons, Obydos (Austen), 1 9; Peru,
Callao (J. J. Walker), 3 3, 1 2 type; Valparaiso (J. J.
Pome ast 2: Hzp., 6 18, 9 20 mm.

(1a) Symphysa discalis, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow; palpiat tips and frons
tinged with fuscous ; pectus, bands on tarsi, and ventral sur-
face of abdomen white. Fore wing yellow ; a subbasal series
of three white points on an orange band; an antemedial
series of six points on an orange band bent inwards to costa
and angled inwards on median nervure ; the area from just
beyond middle to postmedial line on costa and to tornus on
inner margin chestnut-brown partly suffused with purplish
fuscous ; white points at angles of cell; the postmedial line
pale, strongly excurved from below costa to vein 3, then
bent inwards and sinuous. Hind wing with the basal half
semihyaline, the terminal half yellow with a subterminal
chestnut patch extending from vein 5 to submedian fold
with a pale line bordered by purple from vein 8 to the
fold.

Hab. Jamatca, Kingston (Taylor), 1 g type. Eup.
6 20, 2 22 mm.

160 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

(2a) Symphysa rufifusalis, sp. n.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen white tinged with
ochreous. Fore wing white slightly tinged with yellow ;
a broad medial band of rufous suffusion and irroration
from below costa to inner margin, with a faint oblique
waved brown line just beyond it from lower angle of cell to
inner margin; a brown postmedial line, almost obsolete
towards costa, excurved from costa to vein 4, then retracted
towards lower angle of cell, then dark, diffused and sinuous
to inner margin, a band of deep rufous suffusion beyond it,
more prominent on inner area and extending to tornus.
Hind wing yellowish white, the terminal area tinged with
rufous, deeper in colour at middle.

Hab. Panama, La Chorrera (Dolby-Tyler), 1 92 type.
xp. 16 mm.

(4) Voliba gigantea, sp. n.

2. Head and thorax reddish brown ; abdomen whitish.
Fore wing reddish brown irrorated with dark brown and
with pale ochreous patches on inner area before the ante-
medial aud beyond the postmedial lines; antemedial line
dark brown, very oblique and slightly sinuous; a dark
point in middle ‘of cell, the reniform faintly defined by
dark brown; postmedial line dark orn defined on outer
side by ochreous, crenulate to vein 2, then bent inwards to
origin of vein 2 where there is a blackish spot, and acutely
angled outwards above and below vein 1; a terminal series
of rather triangular black points; a fine ochreous line at
base of cilia. Hind wing yellowish white, the terminal area
tinged with rufous, br oadly at costa, narrowing to tornus;
a terminal series of black striz from apex to vein 2 ; cilia
rufous at base, white at tips; the underside with the costal
area suffused with red-brown from near base, extending
on terminal area to vein 2, small dark spots at angles
of cell, a rather diffused curved blackish subterminal line
from costa to vein 2.

Hab. Br. N. Guinea, Owgarra (Meek), 1 type. Ezp.
44 mm.

(4) Lipocosma nigrisquamalis, sp. n.

&. Head and thorax white; palpi with black spot at
base of second segment and the extremity black; abdomen
white tinged with brown except at base and extremity, the
second to fourth segments dorsally suffused with black. Fore
wing white, the terminal half faintly tinged with fulvous ;

Species of Pyralidm. 161

a few black scales below base of cell; traces of a brown
antemedial line from vein 1 to inner margin and of a
postmedial line irrorated with black scales from vein 2
to inner margin, incurved at vein 1; minute black points
on termen towards apex and below vein 2. Hind wing
white, the inner area tinged with brown except at base
and with a ‘patch of rough black scales at middle ; a black
point on termen below vein 2.

Hab. Panama, La Chorrera (Dolby-Tyler), 1 & type.
Exp. 12 mm.

(2) Catapsephis melanostigma, sp. n.

d. Head, thorax, and abdomen white; palpi and frons
marked with black. Fore wing with the basal half white;
a yellowish patch at base of costa and indistinct antemedial
band; the terminal half brown with some yellow on its
inner "edge, the white running to end of cell, where there is
a white lunule on a black spot ; the postmedial line white
defined by a fuscous line on inner side, angled at vein 5 and
with a white spot on its inner side, then retracted and
interrupted to vein 2; a black terminal line with white
line on its inner side; cilia white with black spot at apex
and brown marks at middle. Hind wing white; a very
prominent black discoidal spot; the postmedial line white
with the area beyond it brown, its inner edge defined by a
fuscous line, inside which is a brown band from cell to inner
margin, the line strongly excurved between veins 5 and 2;
a fuscous terminal line with some white on its inner side ;
cilia white with brown spot at apex and two at middle.

Hab. N. Guinea, Kapaur (Doherty), 1 $ type; New
Georcia (Meck), 1 g. Exp. 16 mm.

(2a) Sufetula obliquistrialis, sp. n.

g. Hind wing with fringe of long hair on upperside
below costa.

Head and thorax brownish white mixed with fuscous ;
tarsi fuscous with pale rings ; abdomen brownish white, with
black dorsal bands on subbasal, medial, and subterminal
segments. Fore wing whitish tinged with brown and
irrorated with black ; the basal area suffused with black-
brown ; antemedial line double filled in with white, angled
outwards below costa, then obliquely curved ; the medial

art of costa with three very oblique wedge- shaped white
marks filled in with black ; a slight discoidal black point ;
postmedial line double, black filled in with white, incunyed

Ann, & Mag. N, Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. ix. 1]

162 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

below costa, angled outwards to near termen at discal fold,
then strongly incurved and with some black suffusion beyond
it ; a subterminal black line angled outwards below apex,
then incurved, angled outwards at vein 3, then oblique ;
a fine terminal black line ; cilia whitish and black. Hind
wing whitish suffused and irrorated with brown; some
slight black strize on inner margin ; some blackish suffusion
below end of cell; postmedial “line white defined on inner
side by a black line and on outer by black suffusion, ex-
curved below costa, then incurved to vein 2 where it is
angled outwards to near termen, then almost obsolete to
vein | and again prominent on inner area; a fine minutely
waved black subterminal line from costa to vein 2; a fine
black terminal line ; cilia whitish, brownish at tips ; the
underside whitish suffused with brown, a slight dark discoidal
lunule and faint whitish postmedial band defined on each side
by brown.

Hab. LovistaprEs, Rossel I. (Meek), 1 g type. zp.
12 mm.

(2b) Sufetula nigrescens, sp. n.

Head and thorax brownish grey mixed with black ; palpi
black with white rings at extremities of second and third
joints; the spurs and tarsi black ringed with white; abdo-
men brownish grey obscurely banded with black. Fore wing
brownish grey suffused with black; antemedial line black
defined on inner side by white, angled outwards below costa,
in cell and submedian fold, then oblique to inner margin; a
black discoidal spot; two yellowish white annuli on costa
beyond middle ; postmedial line black defined on outer side
by white forming a small triangular spot on costa, oblique to
discal fold, then inwardly oblique and sinuous ; a black line
just before termen from costa to submedian fold, excurved
below costa and at middle; a fine black terminal line and
yellowish white line at base of cilia. Hind wing: brownish
grey irrorated with black; a black discoidal spot with
diffused line from it to inner margin ; postmedial line black
defined on outer side by grey, oblique, minutely waved, with
blackish suffusion beyond it extending on costal area to
termen; a sinuous black line just before termen from costa
to vein 1; a fine black terminal line and pale line at base of
cilia; the underside grey irrorated with fuscous, a black
discoidal spot, the postmedial line defined on outer side by
whitish.

Hab. S1erra Leone (Clements), 1 ¢ type; S. Nrepria,
Niger R. (Dudgeon), 1 9, Sapele (Sampson), 3 9. Exp.
18-22 mm.

Spectes of Pyralide. 163

(2e) Sufetula bilinealis, sp. n.

?. Head and thorax fuscous brown with acupreous tinge ;
palpi white at base, the maxillary palpi tipped with white ;
frons with two fine white lines on each side; pectus and legs
white tinged with brown, the tarsi fuscous ringed with
white; abdomen pale fuscous brown with white segmental
lines, the ventral surface blackish. Fore wing black-brown
with a eupreous gloss ; a curved slightly sinuous white ante-
medial line; two white points on middle of costa and three
small annuli on postmedial part of costa; a black discoidal
bar defined on outer side by white; subterminal line white
arising from the third annulus, sinuous, two minute white
points beyond it on costa; cilia white at base, blackish at
tips. Hind wing white suffused with fuscous except on inner
area; a black discoidal spot; postmedial line white, sinuous ;
cilia white at base, blackish ut tips ; the underside whitish,
the costal and terminal areas irrorated with fuscous, a black
point at base of cell, the postmedial line defined on each side
by blackish, angled inwards above vein 5.

Hab. Durcu N. Guinea, Snow Mts., Oetakwa R. (Meek),
1? type. zp. 18 mm.

(4a) Sufetula pygmea, sp. n.

9. Head, thorax, and abdomen grey suffused with brown ;
pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen whitish tinged
with brown. Fore wing grey suffused with brown; ante-
medial line blackish, waved ; an oblique blackish striga from
middle of costa; a small black discoidal spot placed on the
postmedial line, which is blackish defined on outer side by
white, excurved to vein 4, then incurved ; an indistinct
whitish subterminal line defined on inner side by brown,
excurved at middle ; a terminal series of black points defined
on inner side by white. Hind wing grey suffused with
brown ; a blackish antemedial line from cell to inner margin;
a blackish discoidal point ; postmedial line indistinct, dark
defined on outer side by whitish ; a termina] series of black
striz defined on inner side by whitish ; the underside whiter
with the black discoidal spot prominent.

Hab. Mextco, San Blas (Walker), 19 type. Exp.10mm.

(3a) Sufetula polystrialis, sp. n.

Head and thorax ochreous mixed with brown ; palpi and
maxillary palpi white banded with black; frons white ;
tegule with black medial line and white tips; patagia white
with black bands at base, middle, and tips; tarsi banded

Et*

164 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

with black ; abdomen ochreous with black and white dorsal
segmental lines, the ventral surface whitish with sublateral
series of dark points. Fore wing ochreous white tinged and
irrorated with brown, the costal area suffused with brown ;
a short brown streak on base of median nervure ; an oblique
whitish subbasal striga from costa with a slight blackish
streak below costa from it to antemedial line, which is whitish,
oblique, and defined by a black line on outer side from costa
to submedian fold, then bent inwards to base of inner margin
and defined by a brown fascia above ; the medial part of ecsta
with two whitish semicircular marks ; a small black discoidal
spot ; whitish streaks with diffused dark streaks between
them on veins 7,6, 5,4 to the postmedial line, which is
whitish defined by a black line on inner side, expanding at
costa, oblique to vein 4, then bent inwards and ending at the
angle of antemedial line in submedian fold, a triangular patch
of blackish suffusion beyond it at costa and some fuscous and
brown suffusion below its retracted portion ; a very oblique
white streak defined on each side by brown from submedian
fold beyond middle to middle of inner margin ; a black sub-
terminal line, incurved at the excision below apex and bent
inwards along terminal part of inner margin; cilia whitish
with a fuscous line through them, Hind wing ochreous
white tinged and irrorated with brown ; an oblique diffused
blackish medial line defined by white on outer side on inner
area ; a very oblique white postmedial line defined on inner
side by a black line and on outer by dark suffusion ; a black
subterminal line defined by white on inner side, incurved at
discal fold; cilia white with a waved black line near base.
Hab. N. Guinea, Milne Bay (Meek), 1 2 ; LourstapEs,
St. Aignan I. (Meek),1 6,19 type. Eap., 618, 220mm.

(45) Sufetula cyanolepis, sp. n

&. Head and thorax ochreous suffused with black-brown ;
palpi and maxillary palpi blackish ; pectus and legs ochreous,
the tarsi banded with black ; abdomen ochreous with diffused
blackish segmental dorsal bands except at base. Fore wing
ochreous largely suffused with red-brown and fuscous, and
with scattered patches of silvery-blue scales ; the base and
costal area to antemedial line blackish ; the antemedial line
ochreous defined on each side by blackish and with silvery-
blue scales on its outer edges, oblique from costa to submedian
fold, then incurved ; two minute semicircular marks defined
by black on medial part of costa ; a diffused blackish discoidal
annulus ; postmedial line ochreous defined on each side by

Species of Pyralide. 165

blackish and with silvery-blue scales on its inner edge, in-
curved below costa, angled outwards at discal fold, then
oblique ; some minute silvery-blue streaks before termen ;
a dark terminal line incurved at the excision below apex ;
cilia ochreous and fuscous with some silvery-blue scales.
Hind wing ochreous ; a diffused oblique medial black-brown
band from cell to inner margin; an ochreous postmedial line,
obsolete on costal area, then defined on inner side by a black
line and with a broad diffused blackish band on outer; a
subterminal series of diffused black striz with slight patches
of silvery-blue scales before termen on costal half; cilia
ochreous mixed with black.
Hab. 8. Cerxses (Doherty), 1 3 type. Ezp. 14 mm.

(7) Sufetula trichophysetis, sp. n.

9. Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish suffused with
ochreous ; palpi and maxillary palpi rather darker at tips.
Fore wing whitish suffused with ochreous yellow; an indis-
tinct double waved curved antemedial line, the inner line
diffused ; postmedial line double, ochreous, oblique from
costa to vein 6, then minutely waved, excurved to veii 4, then
oblique; a faint diffused ochreous subterminal line; a slight
oblique dark subapical striga; a slight dark terminal line
from just below apex to vein 4, incurved at the excision
below apex. Hind wing whitish suffused with ochreous
yellow ; the basal half of submedian fold with fringe of long
spatulate scales; indistinct double waved brownish medial
aud postmedial lines from discal fold to inner margin or on
inner area only.

Hab. Goup Coast, Accra (Carter), 3 ? type. Hap. 14—
16 mm.

(2) Erpis pacificalis, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen greyish ochreous tinged
with brown; palpi at base, pectus, and ventral surface of
abdomen white, anal segment with a fuscous band before the
tuft. Fore wing thinly scaled, pale echreous tinged with
brown, rather darker on terminal area ; a fuscous spot in
middle of cell and slightly curved, diffused antemedial line
from cell to inner margin ; a fuscous discoidal lunule ; post-
medial line fuscous, diffused, excurved between veins 7 and
5, at vein 3 retracted to lower angle of cell, then slightly
oblique to inner margin and excurved at vein l. Hind wing
thinly scaled, pale ochreous tinged with brown, rather darker
on terminal area ; a fuscous discoidal spot; postmedial line

166 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

fuscous, rather diffused, oblique from costa to vein 3, then
angled inwards, excurved again at vein 1 and bent inwards
to above inner margin; termen fuscons brown ; cilia white.

Hab. Purry’s Group, Bonin Is.,2 g¢ type. Exp. 22mm.

(7 a) Massepha syngamiodes, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow-brown mixed with
some white; palpi white with some brown on first joint and -
a brown point near extremity of second joint ; frons white
at sides and above ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of
abdomen white, the fore femora and tibize tinged with brown.
Fore wing yellow-brown ; antemedial line fuscous with a
white band on its inner side, excurved, slightly bent outwards
to inner margin ; a quadrate white patch in end of cell with
oblique black striga from subcostal nervure near its inner
edge and the blackish discoidal bar on its outer edge ; some
whitish on costa before the postmedial line which is blackish
with a white band on its outer side, slightly incurved from
below costa to vein 5 where it is bent outwards, at vein 2
retracted to below end of cell, then slightly excurved ; a
blackish terminal line ; cilia whitish with a slight dark line
near base. Hind wing yellow-brown irrorated with whitish ;
a blackish discoidal spot defined by white; postmedial line
blackish defined on outer side by white, shghtly incurved
from below costa to vein 5 where it is bent outwards, at
vein 2 retracted to below end of cell and almost obsolete,
then oblique to inner margin near tornus; a black terminal
line with some white before it towards apex "and in submedian
interspace ; cilia brownish at base, white at tips.

Hab. Arcentina, Tucuman, Los Vasquez (Dinelly), 1 g
type. Ezp. 22 mm.

(7 6) Massepha cuprescens, sp. n.

3g. Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown with a cupreous
gloss, the pectus and ventral surface of abdomen paler. Fore
wing red-brown with a cupreous gloss ; the first line almost
medial, blackish defined on inner side by whitish with a
darker brown shade before it, erect, minutely waved ; a dif-
fused dark discoidal spot ; postmedial line blackish defined
on outer side by whitish, obliquely excurved and minutely
dentate to vein 4, then bent inw ards to lower angle of cell
and again strongly excurved above vein 1; a fine whitish
line at base of cilia. Hind wing white tinged with cupreous
brown ; a dark minutely waved postmedial line ; cilia witha
brown line near base,

Species of Pyralide. 167

Hab. S. Brazit, Sao Paulo (D. Jones), 1 3 type. Exp.
22 mm.

(7c) Massepha longipennis, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen white tinged with ochreous
brown ; palpi with the second joint black above ; lower part
of frons black at sides ; fore and mid femora at extremity and
fore tibize above blackish. Fore wing long and narrow, pale
ochreous, the costal area slightly tinged with brown ; black
points at base of costa and below cell; a black point in
middle of cell on a faint diffused incomplete dark line; a
small black discoidal spot ; a diffused fuscous postmedial line,
oblique towards costa, at vein 2 retracted to lower angle of
cell and obsolescent, then erect to inner margin; a fine
fuscous terminal line. Hind wing pale ochreous; a black
discoidal spot ; a diffused fuscous postmedial line oblique from
costa to vein 3, then retracted to lower angle of cell and
obsolescent, then strong and oblique to tornus ; a fine fuscous
terminal line ; cilia with slight brown line through them and
whitish tips.

Hab. Cameroons (Sjostedt), 2 3 type. Exp. 20 mm.

(2) Aulacoptera philippinensis, sp. nu.

Fore wing of male normal.

Head and thorax yellow tinged with reddish brown ; abdo-
men white tinged with yellow and reddish brown. Fore wing
yellow tinged in parts with red-brown, the basal half of costa
dark brown ; some diffused red-brown below base of cell ;
two sinuous red-brown antemedial lines; a diffused red-
brown discoidal annulus ; postmedial line diffused, red-brown,
obliquely curved from costa to below end of cell, then oblique,
followed by another diffused oblique somewhat maculate line;
a diffused waved subterminal line, incurved below costa and
excurved at middle ; cilia reddish brown. Hind wing white,
the termen and cilia tinged with yellowish ; a slight sinuous
red-brown postmedial line and waved red-brown subterminal
line excurved at middle; the underside with the costa tinged
with rufous.

Hab, Puriprines, Negros I. (Whitehead), 9 3, 2 ¢ type,
Samar I. (Whitehead),1 9. Exp. 18 mm.

(56) Entephria subpictalis, sp. u.

Vertex of head with tuft of hair; male with tufts of hair

168 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

from pectus at origin of fore wing and from mid coxe ;
wings long and narrow.

Head and thorax yellowish suffused with red-brown ; palpi
black above, except third joint ; maxillary palpi black; fore
tibize at base and extremity and first joint of tarsus with
black bands ; abdomen pale yellow, the second and third
segments dorsally suffused with brown. Fore wing pale
yellow suffused with rufous except the basal part of medial
area and the inner area except at base; indistinct brown
subbasal and antemedial lines ; a dark point in middle of
cell and discoidal striga with semicircular mark above it on
costa followed by some dark points ; postmedial line indis-
tinct, brown, slightly defined by yellowish on outer side,
somewhat angled inwards at discal fold, at vein 2 retracted to
lower angle of cell, then oblique to inner margin ; a terminal
series of slight brown spots ; cilia yellowish at base, with
dark medial line and brown tips. Hind wing yellowish
white almost wholly suffused with dark brown, leaving the
costal area, cell, and a spot on termen at vein 3 pale; a small
blackish discoidal spot on a yellowish patch ; postmedial line
dark defined by yellowish white on outer side, sinuous, at
vein 2 retracted to lower angle of cell and ending on inner
margin above tornus ; a dark line on apical part of termen ;
cilia yellowish white with some dark points towards apex and
a blackish spot at base at tornus. Underside of fore wing
variegated with dark brown, forming patches beyond the
postmedial line at costa, middle, and in its sinus and subter-
minal spots below apex and at middle; hind wing whitish
with black discoidal spot and postmedial line, some brown
suffusion before the Jatter on costal half, an apical patch and
subterminal spot between veins 5, 4.

Hab. Sierra Leone (Clements), 8 g, 1 2 type. Lap.
18-20 mm.

(17 a) Entephria sexpunctalis, sp. n.

White ; patagia with black points. Fore wing with sub-
basal black spot below the cell; a black point at base of
costa and antemedial spot ; a discoidal spot ; a medial spot
below the cell and a spot beyond lower angle ; a postmedial
spot on costa; a black-brown shade on middle of inner
margin; a brownish band on termen towards tornus at
middle expanding inwards into a patch with a black spot on
its upper edge at vein 5. Hind wing semihyaline, the termen
brown towards apex.

Species of Pyralide. . 169

Hab. Srerra Leone (Austen), 1 2? type; S. Nicerta,
Warri (Roth). Exp. 16 mm.

(19 a) Entephria geminipuncta, sp. n

3g. Head, thorax, and abdomen pure white ; palpi black
above at base; maxillary palpi black at base; fore legs
blackish in front; abdomen with faint brownish dorsal
segmental lines except towards base, the anal segment with
black spot above. Fore wing silvery white; a subbasal
black bar from costa to below the cell; an oblique ante-
medial black line expanding into a spot at costa; a black
bar from origin of vein 2 to vein 1 and an elliptical black
discoidal spot; postmedial line black, shghtly excurved
beyond the cell and followed by another straight oblique
black line; subterminal line black, shghtly curved; a black
Jine near base of cilia. Hind wing silvery white with two
black diseoidal spots, two very slightly curved black post-
medial lines, a curved black subterminal line, and black line
near base of cilia.

Hab. W. Cutna, Shen-se, Sin-ling (Maw), 1 ¢ type.
Exp. 24 mm.

(22a) Entephria staminalis, sp. n.
Lpichronistis eylonalis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 258 (part.).

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous white faintly
tinged with rufous ; palpi white at base, red-brown at tips ;
frous red-brown ; fore tibiz red-brown at extremities. Fore
wing ochreous white slightly irrorated with rufous, the costal
and terminal areas tinged with rufous; a brown subbasal
striga from costa; antemedial line with brown striga from
costa, then faint, oblique, sinuous ; a brown point in middle
of cell and two discoidal points connected by some brown
scales ; postmedial line brown, punctiform and sinuous from
costa to below vein 3, then almost obsolete and retracted to
beyond lower angle of cell, then erect and sinuous to inner
margin ; a faint brown shade at middle of terminal area ; a
Perineal series of dark striz ; cilia with a dark line through
them. Hind wing ochreous white slightly irrorated with
brown ; a slight discoidal striga ; postmedial line indistinct,
bent outwards and minutely waved between veins 5 and 2
then retracted to below angle of cell and oblique to above
tornus ; a fine brown terminal line and brown line through
the cilia, f

170 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

Hab. Guatemaua, Vera Paz, San Gerénimo (Champion),
1 g type, Godman-Salvin Coll. zp. 32 mm.

(25) Entephria albivittalis, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen deep fuscous brown ; fore
coxee on inner side and the tibiz and tarsi in front white.
Fore wing deep fuscous brown with a cupreous gloss espe-
cially on inner area ; five obscure small black spots in and
just beyond end of cell with whitish points between them; a
postmedial series of short white streaks on veins 7 to 3;
a terminal series of black striz with white points between
them anda series of whitish spots at base of cilia. Hind
wing grey, suffused with fuscous brown especially on terminal
area ; a terminal series of dark striz with whitish points
between them ; cilia whitish with a dark line through them.
Underside of fore wing with slight white streaks in the
interspaces of terminal area.

Hab. Natat, Durban (A. T. Cook), 1 3 type. Lap.
38 mm.

(4) Rehimena unimaculalis, sp. n.

3g. Golden yellow; palpi with the second joint black in
front; frons, pectus, and ventral surface of abdomen white.
Fore wing with deep black discoidal lunule; traces of a
terminal series of fuscous points. Hind wing rather paler
yellow ; a terminal black band between veins 7 and 2,
expanding triangularly at vein 7, then narrowing to a
line.

Hab. Stncarore (Ridley), 2 § type. Lxp. 16 mm.

(4) Zinckenia lophoceralis, sp. n.

Antenne of male with ridge of scales on base of shaft
above.

d. Head, thorax, and abdomen black-brown; base of
palpi and front of pectus white; mid femora at extremity,
the tibiz below, and tarsi white; hind femora at extremity
white, the tarsi whitish ringed with fuscous; ventral surface
of abdomen white. Fore wing black-brown ; a small white
spot in middle of cell and another beyond the cell above
vein 5, a point in submedian fold below origin of vein 2.
Hind wing black-brown; a white bar below origin of
vein 2; a white patch beyond the cell between veins 6

Species of Pyralide. 172

and 2, expanding and with its outer edge rather dentate
between veins 5 and 2.

2. Abdomen with dorsal white band on second segment ;
fore wing with rather irregular erect subbasal white line
from below costa to inner margin, an irregular white bar
from below costa across middle of cell, conjoined to a small
spot below origin of vein 2, with an oblique white bar
beyond it from vein 2 toinner margin; a postmedial white
line from below costa to vein 5, followed by small spots
rather further from base above veins 4, 3 and a wedge-
shaped spot above vein 2 extending to near termen, a fine
white line at base of cilia and a white patch above tornus ;
hind wing with broad white subbasal band with waved
edges ; an oblique medial band from below costa to above
tornus expanding outwardly between veins 5 and 2, then
sinuous, two small postmedial spots above veins 4, 3 con-
joined to a wedge-shaped spot above vein 2 extending to
near termen, a fine white line at base of cilia.

Hab. New Guinea, Milne Bay (Meek), 2 3, 1 ¢ type
Exp. 34 mm.

(6) Tabidia nacoleialis, sp. n.

6. Head and thorax grey-brown; pectus and legs
whitish ; abdomen grey-brown, the terminal half and
ventral surface whitish. Fore wing grey-brown slightly
irrorated with fuscous ; a slight dark mark in base of cell;
antemedial obliquely placed dark points below costa and in
cell and a bar from submedian fold to inner margin; a
slight blackish discoidal lunule; postmedial line very
minutely waved and slightly defined by whitish on outer
side, somewhat incurved from costa to vein 6, then bent
outwards and excurved to vein 2, then retracted to below
angle of cell and erect to inner margin; a terminal series
of small fuscous spots. Hind wing grey-brown slightly
irrorated with fuscous; some fuscous subbasal suffusion
with whitish suffusion beyond it; postmedial line diffused
and slightly defined by whitish on outer side, somewhat
incurved from costa to vein 5, then bent outwards and
excurved to vein 2, then retracted towards lower angle
of cell and diffused to tornus; a terminal series of small
fuscous spots.

Hab. Penane (Ridley), 1 g type. Exp. 22 mm.

172 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

(13 a) Agrotera pyrostrota, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax bright yellow slightly tinged with
fiery red, the tegule and thorax with brown dorsal fascia
defined at sides by fiery red on tegule; antenne blackish
except basal joint ; palpi fiery red with the third joint yellow ;
fore femora and tibize on inner side and the tarsi black, the
tibie tinged with red on outer side ; abdomen pale yellow
dorsally suffused with brown. Fore wing bright yellow
with slight fiery-red irroration on medial area, the costal
area suffused with fiery red to middle; a slight fiery-red
subbasal line, angled outwards on median nervure and
ending at vein 1, a diffused triangular patch of blackish
and red suffusion beyond it from costa to just below the
cell; a small round fiery-red spot in middle of cell; an
obliquely curved blackish band suffused with silvery blue
from upper angle of cell to inner margin, joined at lower
angle of cell by a similar oblique fascia from apex, some
fiery-red suffusion below costa in the fork of these bands, on
costal area towards apex, and beyond the band on tornal _
area; three slight fiery-red spots on middle of termen.
Hind wing semihyaline white, the terminal half tinged with
yellow. Underside of fore wing with the postmedial band
black-brown.

Hab. Br. N. Guinea, Owgarra (Meek), 1 9 type. Eup.
36 mm.

(2a) Desmia mesosticta, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax dark brown ; palpi white at base;
pectus white ; legs white and brown ; abdomen brown with
white segmental lines except on basal segments and white
streak on anal segment, the ventral surface white except
towards extremity. Fore wing dark brown with a cupreous
tinge ; a white medial band from below costa to inner
margin, expanding and its outer edge angled in and just
below cell, then incurved, a small white spot beyond it
below base of vein 2; a postmedial white band from costa
to vein 4 where it ends in a point, its outer edge dentate ;
cilia white with series of brown spots. Hind wing dark
brown with a cupreous tinge; a medial wedge-shaped white
band from costa to vein 1, then bent outwards as an oblique
white line to above tornus and with oblique white striga
before it, a black bar near its outer edge beyond the cell;
cilia white with a black line through them.

Ab. 1, Fore wing with the spect beyond the medial band

Species of Pyralide. 173

connected by an oblique white line with inner margin ; lind
wing without the oblique striga above inner margin. —Br.
Guiana.

Hab. W. Corompia, Jiminez, 1 ¢ type; Br. Guiana,
Demerara (Rodway),1 g. Hap. 26 mm.

(3a) Desmia bifidalis, sp. n.

Desmia geminalis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 260 (part.),
nec Snellen.

¢. Brown with a cupreous gloss; vertex of head and
extremity of patagia pale; abdomen with pale brown dorsal
patch on anal segment; palpi at base and throat white;
pectus, the greater part of legs, and ventral surface of
abdomen ochreous white. Fore wing with bifid ochreous
white spot in and below middle of cell, defined by blackish
and connected with inner margin by a dark line; an
ochreous-white patch beyond the cell between veins 8 and 4
with rather irregular outer edge, defined by blackish ; a fine
pale line at base of cilia. Hind wing with narrow ochreous
white band from below middle of costa to above tornus
where it narrows to a point, defined by blackish on inner side
and beyond the cell, its inner edge slightly angled inwards
below the cell ; Sia! white with a Black line through them.

Hab. Mexico, Vera Cruz, Atoyac (Schumann), 1 ¢ type,
Godman-Salvin Coll. Evp. 34 mm.

Subsp. 1. Fore wing with the markings white, the medial
spot completely divided, the lower part of postmedial spot
expanding on outer side; hind wing with the markings
white, the medial band expanding into a patch between
veins 6 and 2.

Hab. Perv, 1 g. FExvp. 38 mm.

(5a) Desmia dentipuncta, sp. n.

d. Head and thorax dark brown, the vertex of head with
slight whitish streak ; palpi white at base; pectus white ;
legs brown and white ; abdomen dark brown, with segmental
white lines except towards base and white streak on anal
segment, the ventral surface white except towards extremity.
Fore wing dark brown with a cupreous gloss; a medial
white band from below costa to inner margin, its outer
edge expanding into rounded lobes in and below the cell, a
small white spot beyond it below base of vein 2 connected
by an oblique line with inner margin ; a postmedial wedge-
shaped white band from costa to vein 4, its outer edge

174 On new Species of Pyralide.

dentate and with four minute dentate white spots beyond it ;
cilia white with a black line through them. Hind wing dark
brown with acupreous tinge; a medial oblique wedge-shaped
white band from costa to above inner margin, its outer edge
excurved and enclosing a black bar beyond the cell; cilia
white with a black line through them.

Hab. W. Cotomsta, Jiminez, 2 g type. Exp. 30 mm.

(5b) Desmia ufeodalis, sp. n.
Desmia ufeus, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 261 (nee Cram.).

Antenne of male with the shaft excised at middle and
with scale-tooth before it; hind wing with slight furrow
above vein 6, the termen slightly excised below apex.

¢. Reddish brown; abdomen with white band on third
segment followed by white irroration and white segmental
~ lines, a streak on anal segment ; palpi at base and throat
white ; legs white and brown; abdomen with the ventral
surface white with some red-brown on terminal segment.
Fore wing with bifid white antemedial points in and above
cell ; a medial white band from just below costa to inner
margin expanding somewhat in cell, then oblique and
followed by an incurved white line from vein 2 to inner
margin ; a wedge-shaped postmedial white patch from costa
to vein 3, its outer edge dentate, the area before it yellowish
with slight whitish discoidal bar defined by blackish ; cilia
white with a black line near base. Hind wing with broad
oblique medial white band narrowing to inner margin and
with small black lunule on it beyond the cell, concave
towards base; cilia white with a black line through them.

Hab. Mexico, Tabasco, Teapa (H. H. Smith), 1 @ type;
GuatremMaLa, San Isidro (Champion), 1 g¢, Godman-Salvin
Coll. Hap. 28 mm.

Subsp. 1. Rather darker brown ; fore wing without the
bifid antemedial point, the line beyond the medial band
replaced by a point below vein 2, the postmedial band not
wedge-shaped and expanding below without the yellowish
and discoidal striga before it ; hind wing with the lower
part of medial band bent outwards as an oblique line to
tornus.

Hab, Paracuay, Sapucay (Foster), 2 ¢.

(To be continued. }

an

Miscellaneous. 17

MISCELLANEOUS.

Note on the Date of Publication of the Works of Jacob Huebner on
the Lepidoptera, By C. Davies Suersorn and Lovtis B. Provr.

Tue elucidation of the dates of publication of Huebner’s works has
exercised the ingenuity of many persons. The more valuable papers
written on the subject are those of Scudder (Proce. Amer. Acad. Sci.
x. 1875, pp. 91-293) and C. H. Fernald (8vo, Amherst, Mass., 1900,
16 pp.). Considerable time and trouble have been expended in recent
years by J. H. Durrant, Lord Walsingham, Sir George Hampson,
Hon. Walter Rothschild, and others in this country, and a mass of
manuscript notes has been placed at our disposal by Durrant and
others as assistance in a sort of forlorn hope attack on the subject.
Although the result has been but slight, it seems worth while to
briefly sum up our present position regarding these obscure and
troublesome publications. We will take them in order of date.

1. Beitr. Geschichte Schmett. 2 vols. 8vo. Augsburg, I. (1)
17s6; 1. (2) 1787; IT. (3) 1788 ; I. (4) 1789; IL. 1790.

[Heinsius, Allgem. Biicher-Lexicon, ii. 1612, p. 445, says 2 vols.

1787-1792. Engelmann, Bibl. Hist. Nat. 1846, p. 489, and
Hagen, Bibl. Entom. 1862, p. 387, both close vol. ii. in 1790.]

2. Samml. auserl. Vogel u. Schmett. Syo. Augsburg, 1793.

[Geyer, Entom. Archiv (Thon’s), p. 28, says 1792; Engelmann,
Bibl. Hist. Nat. 1846, p. 489, says 1793; Wiedmann, Allgem.
Verz. Biicher . . . Ostermesse, 1793, p. 60, says “1'-8" Heft, wird
fortgesetzt.”’ ]

3. Samml. europ. Schmett. 4to. Augsburg, 1796-1841.

For all published up to Dec. 24th, 1799, see Sherborn and Dur-
rant, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) ii. Dec., 1898, pp. 491-495, here
tabulated as :—

Il. Horde (Sphinx), pp. 1-32. 1796.
V. Horde (Geom.), pp. 1-24. 1800.
VI. Horde (Pyral.), pp. 1-16, 1-30. 1796.
VII. Horde (Tort.), pp. 1-16. 1796.
VILL. Horde (Tine), pp. 1-70. 1796.

For the rest :—

Ziefer, pp. 194. 1805. Different paper is used at Aa, p. 179, and new
type (see t in Noctua=a new printer) ; but
C. Geyer, in Huebner, Samml. europ. Schmett.
(+ Horde) 1834, p. iv, says ‘‘ Noctue 1805,” so
we regard all as issued in this year.

Nachtrag, pp. 1-8. 1824.
VII. Horde (Tort.), pp: 1-16. 1880. By Froelich.
IV. Horde (Noct.), pp. 1-16. 1834. By Geyer.

Plates :—

We have little new evidence as to date, so quote them as

176

Miscellaneous.

** Fernaldo judice,” according te his paper, which includes those
worked out by Durrant and Sherborn; and reprint his list :—

1. Papiliones...

to

3. Bombyces ...

4. Noctus ......

5. Geometre ...

. Sphinges ..,

Pls. 1-88.
89-96.

97-114.

115-124.

125-128.

Pls. 1-42.

64-66.
67.
Pls. 1-74.

61-66.

67-95.

96-100.
101-102.

1799.

1802.

1804.

1805.

1808.
1808-1816.
1796.

L799.
1802-1808.
1808-1818 f.
1802.
1802-1808.
1808-1810.
1810-1818 t.
1818-1822.
1822.

1802.
1802-1808.
1808.
1808-1818 f.
1818-1822.
1798.
1800-1808.
1808-1818 +.
1818-1822.
1827.

148-150.
151-154.
155-161.
162-195.

196.

197-207.

170-176.
177-185.

103-105.
106-108.
109-111.
112-113.

1817.
1818-1822,
1823.
1823-1833 *.
1834. :
1834-1841.
1818-1822.
1827.
1828.
1840.
1823-1827.
1827.
1828.
1829.
183].
1834-1841.
1823.
1826-1833
1834.
1834-1841.

++
4

1828.
1828-1833.
1834.
1854-1841.

[Pl. 71 was ante Feb. 1808, for it is quoted in Jena, Allgem. Lit. Zeit.
1808, i. no. 25, p. 279, of that date. |

6. Pyralides .

7. Tortrices ...

Pls. 1-20.

Pls. 1-29.

1796.

1799.
1800-1811,
1811-1818 ft.
Lite

1799.
1811-1818 ft.
1818-1822.
1796.
1800-1805.
1811-1817.
1817-1818 f.
1818-1822.

47.
48-52.
53:
68.
69.
70.

71,

1818-1822,
1823.
1832.
1834.
1823.
1828.
1830.
1834.
1823-1827.
1827.
1832.
1835-1841.

[Pl. 71 should be cited as 1836-41, for the date of Moritzel/a, Fisch. & Résl.
(discussed on p. 12 of Fernald), was between Easter and Michaelmas 1836,
according to the “ Mess-Katalog” (Wiedmann, Allgem. Verz. Biicher, &e.).]

9. Alucitze ......

Pls. 1-2.
Bao:

1804.

1804-1818 t.

~

de

1823,

* Freyer, ‘ Neuere Beytrige,’ Hft. 15, 1833, pp. 1386 seg., notices Huebner’s
work up to April 1828. This results in Papiliones, Pls, 162-187, 1825-1828 ;
Pls. 188-195, 1828-1833.

t Charpentier, ‘ Verz. europ. Schmett.,’ citing his set of plates, shows that
the following were issued by Jan. 1818 (¢. e. 1817):—Sphinx, pl. 80; Bombyx,
pl. 63; Noctua, pl. 189; Geometra, pl. 95; Pyralis, pl. 27; Tortrix, pl. 41;
Tinea, pl. 66; Alucita, pl.6. -

t Freyer, in his notice in ‘ Neuere Beytrige,’ Hft. 15, 1833, pp. 136 &e., lists
Huebner’s work up to April 1828. This results in Noctuw, Pls. 152-160,
1826-1828; Pls, 161-169, 1828-1823.

Ve

Herrich-Sehaeffer in 1869, in C.B. Zool. Ver. Regensburg, xxiii.
pp. 173-176, 204-216, made a great effort to unravel Huebner’s
dates. The following is his tabulation of the Europ. Schmett.
according to the information he acquired from Geyer. It is re-
printed here for comparison with Fernald, but it is obvious that
Fernald’s list is a nearer approximation to the truth :—

Miscellaneous.

1. Papilio ...... Pls. 1-113. 1798-1803. 153-181. 1818-1827.
114-152. 1803-1818. 182-207. 1827-1841.
2. Sphinx ....... Pls. 1-19. 1797-1803. 32-35. 1818-1827.
20-31. 1803-1818. 36-38. 1827-1841.
3. Bombyx...... Pls. 1-52. 1800-1804. 66-69. 1818-1827.
53-65. 1804-1818. 70-83. 1827-1841.
4. Noctua ...... Pls. 1-93. 1799-1804. 147-157. 1818-1827.
94-146. 1804-1818. 158-185, 1827-1841.
5. Geometra ... Pls. 1-69. 1797-1803. 99-105. 1818-1827.
70-98. 1803-1818. 106-113. 1827-1841.
Go Pyrahia ..:... Pls. 1-23. 1796-1803. 30. 1818-1827.
24-29, 1803-1818. 31-32. 1827-1841.
Me EORUEIK «55'<3 Pls. 1-30. 1796-1803. 47-48. 1818-1827.
31-46. 1805-1818. 49-53. 1827-1841.
8. Tinea......... Pls, 1-46. 1793-1803. 68-69, 1818-1827.
47-67. 1803-1818. 70-71. 1827-1841.
9. Alucita ...... Pls. 1-3. 1800-1803. 4-7. 1803-1816.

+. Geschichte europ. Schmett. (Larve &c.) 7 vols. 4to. Augs-
burg. 462 pls. [1796-1841 or 1842].

We have not attempted to work out the dates of this book, as it

does not concern nomenclature, but a few were given by Sherborn
and Durrant in the paper referred to above.

5. Tentamen...stirpium Lepidopt. Single sheet, 4to, no date
or place, but 1806 according to Huebner himself ( Verz. bekannt.
Schmett. p. 3, 1816). Zeller and Staudinger both considered
the date to be 1805. See last sentence in no. 7.

| With regard to the ‘Tentamen,’ Zincken writes in Ersch and

Gruber, Allgem. Encyclop. Sect. i. Theil 12, p. 365, 1824; article
‘“* Brephos” :—‘‘The above-mentioned attempt at a Lepidoptera
system by Jacob Hiibner of Augsburg, already frequently referred
to in this Encyclopedia on similar occasions, was printed on a
quarto sheet (1815) without date under the title: Tentamen [&c.]—
and shows on the author’s part experienced and correct views of the
families, but is otherwise altogether without scientific value, since
the genera are throughout arbitrarily erected and arbitrarily named,
without the necessary regard to what has previously been done in
the scientific world in connection with this subject.” We suppose
the (1815) to be a misprint for (1805). ]

6. Samml. exot. Schmett. 4to.
Vol. I., T.p., 4 pp. of Index, 213 plates. [1806-c. 1819.] *
Vol. II., T.p., 4 pp. of Index, 225 plates. [c. 1819-1826. ] *
Vol. IIL., 54 plates (known to us). [post 1826-1841. ]

* Scudder, Proc. Amer. Acad. Sci. x. 1875, p. 96.
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. ix. 12

Augsburg, 1806-[1841].

178 Miscellaneous.

Zutraege to above, in hundreds :—

Pp. 1-32, 8. 1818.

Pp. 1-32, 8. 1823.

Pp. 1-40, 8. 1825.

Pp. 1-48. 1832. By Geyer.

Pp. 1-52. 1837. By Geyer.

172 plates without legend of any kind beyond numerals to the

figures.

It seems hopeless to attempt to date these plates; see Fernald,
1905, p. 4, for names of the first ten issued.

These are Nereis cymo, Doto, Neso, Ninonia, Dianasa, Polymnia,
Thelaiope, Thamar, Limnas Leucosia, and Hamadryas Amphinome
of vol. 1., and were published before 15th Nov., 1806.

Plates 1-34 of vol. i. are reviewed in Allgem. Lit. Zeit. 19th Dec.,
1807. Those who possess the “ Index Exot. Lepid.” (Hagen, Bibl.
Entom. 1862, p. 389. no. 11) can fix which species of vol. ii. were
issued before Dec. 1821.

Georg Semper, in Carl Semper, Reisen Arch. Philippinen—Die
Schmett. der Philipp. Inseln, Tagfalter, p. 17, May 1886, gives a
list of those plates issued before December 1821 ; they are 2, 11-13,
16, 24, 77, 78, 83, 90, 97, 102, 103, 108, 109, 116, 117, 122, 141,
147, 150, 164, 180, 182, 183, 195, 197, 212-214, and 223. These
belong to vol. ii, Semper goes further, and on pp. 24-25 of the
same work quotes 53 plates belonging to vol. iii. (von Heyden’s
copy in Frankfurt a. M.) as being issued between 1835 and 1838;
25 of these he is able to date to the year. Geyer refers to “ vol. iii.
31 pls.” (Fernald, p. 7) as being issued by Jan. 1, 1834, and Semper
completes the information from v. Heyden’s copy. The plates of
vol. iii. are distinguished from all those of other volumes by having
the locality engraven at the bottom, but they are in no sort of
order, are unnumbered, and can only be referred to by name. We
therefore reprint Semper’s list and Grote’s note in Papilio, iii. 1883,
p- 110, noting that the undated plates must be 1834 or earlier :—

Achillides Bianor. Erinnyis Stheno.

Hypenor. 1838. Estigmene Lactinea. 1835.
Agrius Amyntor. 1838. Kucharia Mariamme. 1838.
Ancyluris Iphinoé. 1838. Eumea Debora. 1836 t.
Anelia Thirza, 1836 *. Eunomia Hemorrhoidalis. 1838.
Anisota Stigma. 1835. Euphceades Garamas.

Anteos Merula, Euproctis argentiflua.
Attacus Atlas, Gamelia Leucane. 1838.
Calaides Polycaon. Hamanumida Lusea. 1836 f.
Caligo Beltrao, (2 pls.) 1882. Hebomoia Glaucippe.
Catonephele Rabena. Heniocha Grimmia. 1831.
Cocytius Rustica. 1829. Heraclides Asclepias. 1829.
Cosmotricha Gibbosa. Horama Pretus.

Delias Pasithoé. 1831, Hypanartia Hippocla. 1838.
Doxocopa Idyja. Hyperchiria Jo. 1830.
Elymnias Casiphone. 1828. Laertias oxynius.

* 1833; Grote, ‘Papilio,’ iii, 1883, p. 110.
t+ 1834; Grote, iid,
¢ 1835; Grote, ibid,

Miscellaneous. 179

Marpesia Hylas. 1836 t. | Pythonides Oreus, 1838.

Mechanitis Rhezia. 1836. | Samia Promethea.

Morpheis Ebrenbergii. 1836. Siproeta Trayja.

Mylothris Limnoria. Sithon Iebus. 1838.
Pantoporia. 1835. Smyrna Karwinskii. 1836.

Nyctemera Pagenstecheri. 1836, Streblota Crista. 1882.

Qrneis Taygete. 1830. Nesea. 1836 *.

Pharmacis Huebneri. 1838 f. Trepsichrois Diocletia. 1838.

Priamides Osymandrias. Vanessa Huntera. 1828.

Pythonides Herennius. 1838. Zetides Sarpedon.

We have never seen the 24 pp. of text mentioned in Huebner
and Geyer’s Circulars (see Fernald, 1905, pp. 5-7), and only know
the 4 pp. Index to vols. i. and ii. quoted above. But Hagen, Bibl.
Entom. p. 389, says “ 4to Text 12 Blatt.,” ze. a leaf of text to
each of the first (?) 12 species.

7. Verzeichniss bekannter Schmett. 8vo. Augsburg, 1816-
[1826].

This is the most difficult of all Huebner’s books, and has caused
much labour in attempts to solve the dates correctly. We have
been over the ground traversed by others, some new ground, and
have approached it from a different standpoint, but can add little.
The facts seem to be as follows :—

(a) It appeared in irregular parts :—‘‘ This Verz. appears very
slowly, is one of my most troublesome written works, but
will be completed in 1825” (Huebner, Lepidopt. Zutraege,
1820, p. 14).

There is a break in the printing at pp. 240-241, sign. 15-
16 (note the 2’s).

Huebner says that “18 Bogen” (288 pp.) were on sale in
1825 (see no. 10 infra, Franck’s Catal.).

There is a break in the printing at pp. 304-305 (sign. 19-

« 20) (note the 3’s).

(6) It was complete in 1826. The review in ‘Isis,’ xx., Jan.
1827, p. 103, proves this, for the complete classification
used by Huebner is given.

We are therefore able to tabulate the issue of the “ Verz.” as

follows :-—
Pp. 1-16. 1816.
17-80. 1818. Fide Seudder.
[81-160]. [1820.] ‘ Very slowly,” Huebner.
[161-240]. [1822.] Break in printing.
241-288. 1825. Fide Huebner in Franck.
289-304. 1825. Break in printing.
[The Exot. Schmett. Zutraege, ili. p.33,
quotes no. 2652 on p. 270 of the “ Verz,”
and on p. 34 quotes no. 2850 on p. 294.
As the Preface to this ‘“‘ Zutraege” was
dated 27th Aug., 1825, we may assume
that the whole of pp. 241-304 were out
before that date. |
305-432. 1826.
Anzeiger. 1827.

180 Miscellaneous.

The pp. 81-160 and 161-240 are pure speculation, but will be
used in Sherborn’s ‘ Index Animalium’ until better information is
forthcoming, as ‘‘ me judice.” We have not much doubt as to the
accuracy of the other dates.

It is a remarkable thing that the “ Verz.” was apparently un-
known to contemporary authors. The long critical review of
Ochsenheimer’s work by Zincken in the Allgem. Liter. Zeitung,
1817, makes no mention of the ‘*‘ Verz.,” although it discusses the
order of the genera and mentions Huebner many times. Nor is
there any mention of Huebner’s works in the Allgem. Liter. Zeitung
from 1816-1830, though its comprehensive nature is shown by
reviews of the other two authors named Huebner, writing at the
same time. It is true that his works were probably published by
subscription, but even so one would have expected a review if only
for advertisement. Treitschke’s first reference to the ‘ Verz.”
occurs in his vol. vi. (2) 1828, p. 72, but this proves nothing, as he
may not have approved of Huebner’s weird style. Geyer’s state-
ment in Huebner, Zutraege z. exot. Schmett. iv. 1832, p. 5, that
the “ Verz.” appeared in 1806, may be dismissed as an error for
the “ Tentamen ” (Durrant zn Jit.).

8. Lepidopt. Zutrige. S8vo. Augsburg, 1820.

This very rare tract consists of 40 pp.*, and was never completed.
The British Museum (Nat. Hist.) copy was Zeller’s, was purchased
by Prof. Aurivillius from Friedlaender, and generously ceded by
him to the Museum at the request of Mr. L. B. Prout. It contains
a note on the “ Tentamen”’ (p. 9), which seems to show that it
was a separately issued sheet of tentative classification, and a note
on the “ Verz.” saying that it appeared very slowly, was one of his
most troublesome written works, but would be completed in 1825

(14). 9
9. Syst.-alph. Verzeichniss. 8vo. Augsburg, 1822. 81 pp.

10. Catal. Lépidopt.... coll. de feu Mr. Franck. 8yo. Strass-
bourg, [1826]. Pp. 102.

Huebner worked on his friend’s collection from Sept. to Dee.
1825 (Geyer in Thon, Archiv, i. (1) 1827, p. 29). The chief value
of this publication is that on p. 100 Huebner states that “18
Bogen,” «. e. 288 pp., of the “ Verz.” were then on sale (2. €. in
1825, when he was writing).

11. Anzeiger der in Verz. bekannter Schmett.... Svo. [Augs-
burg, 1827.] 72 pp. eee
This is usually bound up with the “ Verz.,” to which it is an
Index.
* Fide ‘Isis, xviii. p. 237; Hagen’s and the B. M. (N. H.) copy both end at
p. 32; see also Freyer, ‘ Neue Beitriige,’ Heft 15, 1833, p, 140.

THE ANNALS
MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.
(EIGHTH SERIES.)

No. 50, FEBRUARY 1912.

[XVI.— Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Oriental
Homoptera. By W. L. Distant.

Family Cicadide.

Platypleura atkinsoni, sp. u.

@. Body above cinnamomeous brown; vertex narrowly
at inner margins of eyes, and narrow anterior margins of
vertex and front, piceous or black ; ocelli narrowly margined
with black ; pronotum with the lateral and posterior margins
and the anterior marginal area ochraceous, and with a more
or less distinct piceous central fascia; mesonotum with two
obconical spots on anterior margin and a sublateral line on
each side black, the basal cruciform elevation ochraceous ;
posterior abdominal segmental margins distinctly paler ;
body beneath and legs cinnamomeous brown, the sternum and
legs distinctly pilose ; head beneath with a transverse black
fascia between the eyes crossing anterior margin of face;
tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation ochraceous ; teg-
mina with the costal membrane and extreme base ochraceous,
the whole tegminal area somewhat sparsely speckled with
small but distinct black spots, those on the apical marginal
area in two series arranged in pairs, the outermost smaller ;
face with the margins a little convex, the lateral transverse
ridges strongly pronounced, the central longitudinal sulcation
broad; head (including eyes) a little wider than base of

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. ix. 13

182 Mr. W. L. Distant on

mesonotum ; pronotal margins subtruncate, not medially
angulate ; rostrum distinctly passing posterior coxe.

Long., excl. tegm., 9 154 mm.; exp. tegm. 49 mm.

Hab. Tenasserim (Atkinson Coll., Brit. Mus.).

By the subtruncate pronotal margins allied to P. cervina,
Walk., by the finely spotted tegmina having affinity with
the S. African P. longula, Dist.

Tanna bhutanensis, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and mesonotum more or less greenish
ochraceous; anterior and lateral margins of front, an
irregular central fascia to vertex (enclosing the ocelli),
anterior inner margins of eyes, a curved fasciate line about
middle of lateral margins and the anterior angles, anterior
margin of pronotum, two central fasciate lines widened
anteriorly and posteriorly, and the outer fissures, mesonotum
with a short central line almost united with an elongate
sagittiform spot on basal area, two irregular slightly curved
discal fascize scarcely extending behind middle, a broad
sublateral fascia on each side doubly united to the lateral
margin posteriorly, and a rounded spot at each anterior
angle of the cruciform elevation, black ; abdomen brownish
ochraceous, the segmental incisures a little darker, apex of
abdomen beneath black; body beneath and legs brownish
ochraceous, the face and opercula distinctly paler ; tegmina
and wings hyaline, the venation brownish ; tegmina with
the costal membrane, spots at the apices of the ulnar areas,
and smaller spots near the apices of the veins to apical areas,
fuscous brown; second ventral segment in male alone
provided with lateral tubercles; opercula in male short, not
passing posterior margin of first ventral segment, widely
separated at their inner margins, which are roundly obtusely
angulate, their posterior margins rounded, their lateral
margins almost straight; rostrum slightly passing the
posterior coxe.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 24 mm.; exp. tegm. 72 mm.

Hab. Bhutan (Brit. Mus.).

The first species of this genus at present recorded from
British India.

Platylomia brevis, sp. n.

Closely allied in colour and markings to P. saturata,
Walk., but differing by the short and narrower opercula,
which do not reach the penultimate abdominal segment as in
Walker’s species, but scarcely pass the posterior margin of

new Oriental Homoptera. 183

the third segment, their apices as in P. saturata are narrowed,
angulated and slightly directed outwardly.
Long., excl. tegm., 40 mm.; exp. tegm. 103 mm.

Hab. “N. India” (Brit. Mus.).

Platylomia insignis, sp. n.

In colour and markings scarcely separable from P. saturata,
Walk., but differing altogether in the structure of the
opereula, which reach the penultimate abdominal segment,
but have not their apices narrowed and angulated as in
Walker’s species, but somewhat broadly convexly rounded,
they are narrowed at base and strongly concavely sinuate
before middle of the lateral margins; the abdomen is dis-
tinctly shorter and broader, and the tegmina less arched on
costal margin.

Long., excl. tegm., 36 mm.; exp. tegm. 109 mm.

Hab. Bhutan (Brit. Mus.).

Terpnosia jenkinsi, sp. n.

Body above brownish ochraceous, somewhat thickly and
irregularly marked with black; head with the front trans-
versely blackly striate and with two angulate black spots at
base, vertex with the area of the ocelli, broad inner margins
to eyes, and irregular discal spots black ; pronotum with the
margins of an irregular central fascia, the fissures, lateral
margins, and some scattered spots black; mesonotum with
a large central macular patch, a sublateral fascia and some
lateral spots, some smaller spots on anterior margin, and the
space between the anterior angles of the basal cruciform
elevation black; abdomen above irregularly and mostly
transversely marked with black ; body beneath and legs dull
pale ochraceous; between face and eyes a black transverse
spot, face distinctly blackly striate ; apex of rostrum, shadings
to anterior and intermediate femora, apices of tibie and tarsi,
black ; abdominal segments beneath transversely and macu-
lately shaded with fuscous brown; tegmina and wings
hyaline, the first with the venation shaded here and there
with black, two transverse linear spots before apex, the apex
of the second ulnar area, and small indistinct spots near the
apices of the longitudinal veins to apical areas, black or
blackish ; tympanal coverings only a little shorter, but con-
siderably narrower, than tympanal orifices; opercula in male
not extending beyond base of abdomen, their lateral margins
sinuate, their apices transversely rounded ; rostrum reaching

the posterior coxe; wings with six apical areas.
138

184 Mr. W. L. Distant on

Long., excl. tegm., g 26 mm.; exp. tegm. 72 mm.

Hab. W. Bengal; Paresnath (J. 7’. Jenkins, Brit. and
Ind. Muss.).

This species, of which I have as yet seen only two
specimens, is allied to P. pseca, Walk., by the length of the
tympanal coverings ; it is, however, a smaller and differently
marked species. ‘The most distinct, but possibly abnormal,
character in the type of P. jenkinsi is found in the tegmina,
where there is a distinct cell before the second apical area ;
the relative lengths of this cell and apical area are not quite
similar in the two tegmina.

Fam. Fulgoride.
Subfam. T'roprpvcHry 2.

EILITHYIA, gen. nov.

Vertex subquadrate, the margins strongly ridged, its apex
somewhat moderately angularly rounded; eyes longer than
broad, posteriorly projecting over the anterior angles of the
pronotum; face longer than broad, lateral margins ridged,
a little concave, moderately widened and angulate before
clypeus, centrally strongly carinate, the carination bifnreate
anteriorly ; clypeus strongly centrally carinate, its lateral
margins not carinate ; pronotum strongly convex anteriorly,
concave posteriorly, centrally strongly carinate, its lateral
angles posteriorly subacute, anterior margin distinctly
carinate; mesonotum tricarinate; posterior tibiz with two
spines, one before and the other behind middle; tegmina
about two and a half times as long as broad, costal margin
convexly rounded, apex conically rounded, costal membrane
broad, not veined, three longitudinal cells from base to
beyond middle, beyond which the venation is close and longi-
tudinal and where a series of transverse veins deliminates a
a close series of apical and anteapical cells, claval vein
extending to about middle of claval area; wings shorter but
scarcely broader than tegmina, posterior margin strongly
sinuate, a series of disconnected transverse veins before
apical area.

Somewhat allied to Zambinza, from which it differs in the
shape of vertex and face, and in the position of the longi-
tudinal veins to tegmina, the first not being near costal
margin as in Tambinia.

Eilithyia insularis, sp. n.

Body and legs ochraceous ; tegmina very pale ochraceous ;

new Oriental Homoptera. 185

wings hyaline with the venation pale ochraceous ; abdomen
with the spiracles very distinct, centrally dorsally ridged ;
anal appendage in female long, slender, apically bifurcate ;
other characters as in generic diagnosis.

Long., excl. tegm., 9 74 mm.; exp. tegm. 17 mm.

Hab. Narkondam Island.

Epora montana, sp. n.

Body and legs ochraceous; tegmina pale ochraceous;
wings hyaline with the veins pale ochraceous; vertex of
head with a distinct central longitudinal ridge ; face elongate,
centrally and longitudinally ridged ; tegmina with the costal
membrane somewhat closely, obliquely, transversely veined,
apical and subapical elongate narrow cells, the apical cells
the longer of the two.

Long., excl. tegm., 8 mm.; exp. tegm. 17 mm.

Hab. Nilgivi Hills (Hampson).

Allied to 2. subtilis, Walk., but readily distinguished from
that species by the size and shape of the apical and sub-
apical cells to the tegmina.

ANTABHOGA, gen. nov.

Head (including eyes) narrower than pronotum, vertex
very short and broad, conically rounded in front, the anterior
margin strongly upwardly ridged, finely centrally carinate ;
face longer than broad, a little widened towards clypeus, both
strongly centrally carinate, lateral margins of face upwardly
ridged; pronotum a little longer than vertex, posterior
margin strongly subangularly emarginate, distinctly centrally
carinate, anterior margin carinately ridged; mesonotum
longer than vertex and pronotum together, centrally tri-
earinate, the lateral carinations united anteriorly ; abdomen
moderately broad and short; posterior tibiz with three
Spines ; tegmina about or nearly three times as long as
broad, costal membrane with numerous oblique veins, a
transverse, rounded series of subapical veins enclosing short
apical cells, and a nearly straight series of transverse veins
beyond middle enclosing narrow elongate subapical cells.

Allied to Hpora, Walk., but differing in the structure of
the face and vertex and in the arrangement of tie cells to
the tegmina.

Antabhoga gardineri, sp. n.

Almost uniformly brownish ochraceous ; wings fuliginous ;
the carinations and carinate margins to the head and thorax

186 Mr. W. L. Distant on

above in places distinctly paler; extreme costal and apical
margins of tegmina ochraceous, the apical area also slightly
mottled with ochraceous; legs ochraceous; other characters
as in generic diagnosis.

Long., incl. tegm., 7-8 mm.

Hab. Laccadive Islands; Minikoi (Gardiner, Brit. Mus.).

Subfam. Acurzrvz.

DEFERUNDA, gen. nov.

Vertex of head longer than breadth between eyes, pro-
minently produced in front of eyes, slightly upturned apically,
the lateral margins distinctly upturned, the disk depressed ;
face much longer than broad, distinctly produced before
eyes, centrally and laterally carinate, distinctly foveate
anteriorly; clypeus small, about half the length of face,
the margins distinctly carinate ; pronotum narrow, centrally
tricarinate, the lateral angles moderately ampliate ; meso-
notum broad, tricarinate, considerably broader than long,
the lateral angles subacute; abdomen broad, moderately
robust ; posterior tibiae unspined ; tegmina about three times
as long as broad, moderately angulate and then ampliate
beyond clavus, claval vein about reaching claval apex, a
distinct series of apical cells, beyond clavus a distinet sub-
quadrate cell, above and beyond which are a cluster of
anteapical cells; wings much broader and a little shorter
than tegmina.

A genus to be placed near Faventia, Stal, by the face
distinctly produced before eyes and the small clypeus.

Deferunda stigmatica, sp. n.

Vertex and pronotuin greyish white, the first with longi-
tudinal black lines; mesonotum with three irregular trans-
verse fasciee, one at anterior margin, one near middle, and
the third, which is strongly waved, behind middle; abdomen
above piceous ; face and clypeus greyish white, the former
with a transverse sinuate black tascia before middle ;
sternum and legs more or less ochraceous; abdomen beneath
blackish, with the margins of the segments greyish white ;
tegmina with the basal two-thirds more or less ochraceous,
the apical third greyish, the veins more or less minutely
spotted or granulated with black, much less prominently so
on apical third, a distinct carmine-red stigmatal spot, in-
teriorly margined with black ; wings fuliginous.

Long., excl. tegm., 4 mm.; exp. tegm. 9 mm.

Hab. Bengal ; Chapra (Mackenzie, Brit, Mus.).

new Oriental Homoptera. 187

Kinnara maculata, sp. n.

Body above more or less castaneous brown ; apex of the
abdomen pale ochraceous; body beneath and legs, vertex
and pronotum, more or less ochraceous; tegmina very pale
ochraceous, subhyaline, with three prominent fuscous spots,
one near base, another near end of subcostal area, and the
third on disk a little beyond and above the apex of clavus,
the apical marginal area distinctly palely infuscate; wings
hyaline, the veins palely fuscous, the anal posterior area
adorned with opaline lustre.

Long., excl. tegm., 24 mm. ; exp. tegm. 93-10 mm.

Hab. Travancore; Maddathoray, west base of W. Ghats
(Annandale, Indian and Brit. Muss.).

This species differs from K. ceylonica, Melich., in the
narrower face, different colour and markings.

Kinnara spectra, sp. n.

Body and legs pale ochraceous ; tegmina and wings sub-
hyaline, uniformly greyish white ; vertex short and broad,
much narrower than pronotum, the disk concave, the margins
strongly carinate ; face narrowest between the eyes, ampliated
towards middle where it is subangulate, and then narrowed
to clypeus.

Long., excl. tegm., 3 mm. ; exp. tegm. 11 mm.

Hab. H. Himalayas (Brit. Mus.).

This species is to be separated from all the other species
of the genus at present described by the uniformly pale and
subhyaline tegmina and wings, and the subangulate ampli-
fication of the face.

AMBALANGODA, gen. nov.

Vertex very slightly longer than broad, the lateral margins
laminately raised and slightly projecting at their apices ;
eyes elongate, occupying the whole lateral margins of the
vertex and continued backward beyond its base ; face longer
than broad, widened toward clypeus, the lateral margins
sinuate and ampliately ridged, centrally longitudinally cari-
nate, before clypeus moderately concave ; clypeus a little
more than half the length of face, its lateral margins carinate,
its disk somewhat tumid; pronotum very narrow, its lateral
areas strongly obliquely recurved backward; mesonotum
large, with the disk longitudinally raised, flattened and tri-
carinate; posterior tibize not spined; tegmina more than
twice as long as broad, widened toward apex, costal margin

188 Mr. W. L. Distant on

distinctly sinuate near base, two transverse veins near
middle, five or six anteapical cells separated from the apical
cells by a curved series of transverse veins, the apical cells
moderately long and narrow, the uppermost, before apex,
oblique ; wings a little shorter than tegmina, slightly more
than twice as long as broad, two transverse veins near middle
and a short angulate apical cell.

By the face slightly projecting before eyes and the short
clypeus, this genus is allied to Kosa/ya, Dist., from which it
differs by the totally different structure of the face and the
non-spined posterior tibie.

Ambalangoda insignis, sp. n.

Vertex and pronotum ochraceous, mesonotum piceous with
the longitudinal carinate disk ochraceous ; abdomen piceous
or black ; face black, the ampliate margins brownish ochra-
ceous and somewhat darkly maculate; clypeus brownish
ochraceous, the margins darkly maculate near base and apex ;
sternum and legs dull ochraceous and more or less darkly
maculate ; tegmina for about half the length dull ochraceous
with the veins darker, the whole apical area more dull greyish
with a broad and ill-defined slightly curved fuscous fascia
near the apical margin, the veins to the three upper subapical
cells distinctly infuscated at the apices, clavus white with
some black spots at its upper margin and another at its apex ;
wings very pale fuliginous with the veins darker. Structural
characters as in generic diagnosis.

Long., excl. tegm., 3 mm.; exp. tegm. 9 mm.

Hab. Ceylon; Ambalangoda (Green).

Subfam. Lorpzoprry 2,

Pitambara montana, sp. n.

Vertex very pale flavescent, the margins and two small
spots at base brownish testaceous; pronotum flavescent, with
a sublateral piceous spot on each side ; mesonotum black, its
apex flavescent ; abdomen above piceous, the basal area and
narrow segmental margins flavescent; body beneath and
legs ochraceous, femora more or less annulated with piceous ;
tegmina hyaline, largely marked and suffused with piceous,
the principal features of which are the basal area, a large
spot before end of clavus and about apical third, the latter
is oblique, and does not reach the apex or apical margin, to
the first of which it is connected by two oblique stripes, the
costal membrane is also obliquely, transversely, fasciately

new Oriental Homoptera. 189

marked with piceous ; wings fuliginous; vertex with the
lateral margins strongly ridged, moderately produced in
front of eyes; face much longer than broad, posteriorly
strongly angularly ampliated, its lateral margins (except on
posterior area) laminately dilated and with two carine on
each of their under surfaces ; clypeus centrally and laterally
carinate ; posterior tibize with a single spine.

Long. 44 mm. ; exp. tegm. 13 mm.

Hab. Lower Burma; Dawna Hills (Annandale).

A single specimen captured by Dr. N. Annandale.

Pitambara dawnana, sp. n.

Vertex greyish white with two minute brownish spots at
base, eyes brownish ; pronotum black, a central line and the
lateral areas greyish white ; mesonotum black, its lateral
angles greyish white; body beneath and legs very pale
ochraceous, abdominal segmental margins greyish white ;
tegmina pitchy brown ; costal membrane, a very large ovate
spot near middle, inwardly almost reaching clavus, and the
apical margin greyish white, subhyaline, the costal membrane
at basal area and before apex is transversely spotted with
pitchy brown and the brown area beyond middle is obscurely
spotted with greyish; wings greyish white, subhyaline ;
face prominently angulated on each side before clypeus, with
a very fine central carinate line and two ridges on the lateral
areas ; clypeus tricarinate ; vertex moderately produced ia
front of eyes, its lateral margins ridged; mesonotum dis-
tinetly tricarinate.

Long., incl. tegm., 7 mm.

Hab. Lewer Burma ; Dawna Hills (Annandale).

I have only seen a single specimen of this species.

Serida sherwilli, sp. n.

Closely allied to the type of the genus S. latens, Walk.*,
but differmg by the two central carinations to the face being
less parallel and more divergent posteriorly, the wings more
uniformly and darkly fuliginous, the tegmina with the apical
marginal area without the linear angulated dark lines which
are replaced by a continuous, irregularly waved transverse
fascia, and the surrounding markings of a darker, larger, and
more distinct character.

Long., excl. tegm., 74 mm.; exp. tegm. 21 mm.

Hab. Sylhet, Chandkhira (Sherwill).

This is the Western form of the genus; S. latens is at
present not known further west than Tenasserim.

* Cf. Faun, Brit. Ind., Rhynch. iii. p. 325, fig. 160 (1906),

190 Mr. W. L. Distant on

Subfam. Derenaciyz.

Pundaluoya insignis, sp. 0.

Head, pronotum, and mesonotum ochraceous, lateral areas
of pro- and mesonota black ; abdomen above black, lateral
margins more or less minutely spotted with testaceous ;
body beneath black ; legs pale testaceous, femora and apices
of tibize mostly black ; tegmina subhyaline, more than basal
half brownish ochraceous where the veins are brownly
granulose, apical area piceous, with a large stigmatal tri-
angular spot above and a marginal series of smaller spots,
greyish white; wings hyaline, the veins fuscous; vertex
short, broad, marginally and centrally carinate, the anterior
margin almost in a line with the anterior margins of the
eyes ; face sometimes distinctly bicolorous, then between the
eyes being castaneous, tricarinate.

Long., excl. tegm., 3 -34 mm.; exp. tegm. 9-10 mm.

Hab. Bengal; Pusa (Brit. Mus.). Balighai, near Puri,
Orissa (Ind. “Mus.). Bombay, Bassein Fort (Brit. Mus.).

At Pusa it is recorded as taken on wheat, at light, and in
jungle ; a single specimen was taken by Dr. Annandale in

Orissa.

Pundaluoya pulchella, sp. n.

Body above black; vertex much suffused with ochraceous ;
ridges to pro- and mesonota ochraceous; abdomen spotted
on each side near base with ochraceous; body beneath and
legs black; face more or less speckled with ochraceous, the
central and lateral carinations, the apex and cheeks also
ochraceous ; basal margin of clypeus ochraceous ; legs more

less streaked with ochraceous; tegmina hyaline, veins
rather thickly speckled with fuscous granules, a curved
fascia extending from stigma to posterior angle and then
upwardly recurved to near apex, two short oblique fascie
beyond stigma and a marginal line near apex of clavus,
fuscous; wings hyaline, the veins darker; face with the
central carination bifureating at a little beyond middle.

Var. Head, pronotum, and mesonotum castaneous, not
black.

Long., excl. tegm., 2 mm. ; exp. tegm. 10 mm.

Hab. Ceylon ; Peradeniya and Trincomalee (Green, Brit.
Mus.). Bengal; Pusa (1. LZ. D.), Chapra (Mackenzie,
Brit. Mus.) ; Travancore ; Temalai, W. Ghats (Annandale,
Ind. Mus.) ; Bombay ; Bassein Fort (Brit. Mus.).

new Oriental Homoptera. 191

Pundaluoya facialis, sp. n.

Vertex, pronotum, and mesonotum ochraceous ; abdomen
above black, more or less annulated with oclraceous ; face
ochraceous, castaneous between the eyes, clypeus black ;
cheeks ochraceous, spotted with black; sternum and legs
ochraceous ; abdomen beneath fuscous brown, a central fascia
and lateral spots ochraceous ; tegmina hyaline, the veins
rather thickly speckled with fuscous, a curved longitudinal
fascia extending from the apices of the longitudinal veins to
apex, two short oblique fascizw beyond stigma, apical spots at
terminations of apical veins,and a marginal line near apex
of clavus, fuscous.

Long., excl. tegm., 2} mm.; exp. tegm. 94 mm.

Hab. Bengal; Chapra (Mackenzie, Brit. Mus.).

By the markings of the tegmina allied to P. simplicia,
Dist., but differing from that species by the speckled
venation, &c.

Sogata pusana, sp. n.

Vertex, pronotum, and mesonotum ochraceous, the lateral
areas of the pro- and mesonota more or less piceous ; abdo-
men above black, more or less transversely testaceous near
base and the lateral margins minutely spotted with the same
colour, face black with the carinations brownish ochraceous ;
clypeus ochraceous ; body beneath blackish, the legs ochra-
ceous; tegmina pale brownish, subhyaline, an upper claval
streak becoming macular at claval apex, a transverse linear
discal spot beyond middle, and a subapical marginal suffusion
continued along the veins to apical margin, fuscous; wings
hyaline, the veins fuscous ; posterior tibia with a short spine
near middle and a long apical mobilo spur; wings broader
but shorter than tegmina, with a short triangular cell near
apex.

Long., excl. tegm., 3 mm, ; exp. tegm. 7 mm.

Hab. Bengal; Pusa (Lefroy, Brit. Mus.), Calcutta ;
Berhampur, Murshidabad District.

Some examples from Calcutta are much paler in hue, the
face being almost uniformly ochraceous, and the dark markings

fo)
of the tegmina more obsolete.

Sogata distincta, sp. n.

Vertex and pronotum creamy white, the first with a small
dark spot on each side of apex ; mesonotum black, broadly,
longitudinally, centrally creamy white; abdomen above

192 Mr. W. L. Distant on

black, the basal area more or less testaceous; body beneath
black, the carinations to face and clypeus, and the legs,
ochraceous ; tegmina subhyaline, tinted with brownish
ochraceous, which becomes a little darker on apical area, the
outer margin of which is broadly fuscous, inwardly linearly
connected with the apices of the longitudinal veins, the
longitudinal veins minutely spotted with fuscous, an elongate
marginal piceous spot near apex of clavus; wings subhyaline,
the veins dark,

Long., excl. tegm., 25 mm.; exp. tegm., 7 mm.

Hab. Bengal; Pusa (Mackenzie, Brit. Mus.).

Allied to the preceding S. pusana, from which it differs in
the distinct markings of the tegmina, &e.

Sogata pallescens, sp. n.

Allied to the preceding species S. distincta, but with the
tegmina—excepting an elongate marginal piceous spot near
apex of clavus—almost uniformly subhyaline with the veins
alone darker; body beneath black ; carinations to face, the
clypeus, lateral areas of prosternum, rostrum and legs
ochraceous.

Long., incl. tegm., 35 mm.

Hab. Ceylon; Galle (Fletcher, Brit. Mus.). Bengal ;
Chapra (Mackenzie, Brit. Mus.) ; between Bolpore and Ram-
pore Haut (Paiva, Ind, Mus.). Calcutta.

The three species of Sogata here described are easily
separated by the tegminal colour and markings, but it is
much more difficult in these small and fragile insects to
discover adequate differential structural characters. I have,
however, examined a series of specimens belonging to each
species and the characters on which I have relied are quite
constant.

Orchesma signata, sp. n.

Vertex, pronotum, and mesonotum ochraceous, centrally
and laterally carinate, the carinations more or less pale and
narrowly margined on each side with black ; abdomen above
testaceous red ; body beneath and legs pale ochraceous, face
and lateral margins of abdomen beneath testaceous red ;
tegmina pale shining ochraceous, with the following creamy-
white markings, viz., an oblique transverse fascia near base,
a transverse fascia a little beyond middle, three fasciate
costal spots between stigma and apex, two small spots on
apical margin and another beyond claval apex, near middle
and on the central pale fascia two longitudinal black spots

new Oriental Homoptera. 193

thickly studded with ochraceous; wings hyaline, the trans-

verse veins distinctly black; face centrally and laterally

carinate, the margins moderately roundly ampliate near

middle ; tegmina with the costal margin distinctly sinuate.
Long., excl. tegm., 24 mm.; exp. tegm., 8 mm.

Hab. Ceylon; Peradeniya (Green, Brit. Mus.).

Tropidocephala luteola, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and mesonotum greenish ochraceous,
lateral areas of the pro- and mesonota more or less infuscated,
sometimes scarcely so; antenne black; abdomen above
black, the basal area more or less transversely testaceous ;
body beneath black ; face brownish ochraceous, the cari-
nations paler ; legs ochraceous; tegmina pale fuscous brown
irrorated with greyish white, the principal pale markings
being an elongate spot in clavus, an irregular transverse
macular fascia near middle, commencing on costal margin
and becoming more macular and indistinct towards the inner
margin, a cluster of about three spots on costal membrane
immediately beyond the transverse fascia, and distinct apical
marginal spots ; wings hyaline with the veins darker ; vertex
longer than broad, considerably shorter than breadth between
outer margins of eyes and only moderately projecting in
front of eyes, distinctly, strongly tricarinate ; pro- and meso-
nota strongly tricarinate; face tricarinate, projecting con-
siderably above eyes, greatest width about half its length.

Long., excl. tegm., 2 mm.; exp. tegm. 6 mm.

Hab. Bengal; Pusa (Lefroy, Brit. Mus.). Calcutta (Ind.
Mus.).

A species to be distinguished by the very short vertex of
the head.

ZULEIKA, gen. nov.

Vertex narrow, nearly twice as long as broad, the lateral
margins carinate and from which emerge two short oblique
carinations between the eyes which converge at apex ; eyes
longer than broad, continued over the anterior pronotal
angles ; pronotum short, tricarinate, the lateral angles some-
what ampliate; mesonotum about as long as vertex and
pronotum together, tricarinate ; face long, about twice as
long as broad, a little widened towards clypeus, the lateral
margins straight, slightly oblique, distinctly carinate and
slightly recurved, centrally strongly carinate, the anterior
margin with the apical angles somewhat prominent; clypeus
a little more than half as long as face, the disk tumid, the

194. - Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

lateral margins carinately recurved ; tegmina not reaching

the apex of the abdomen, apical margins rounded, venation
very coarse and distinct ; posterior tibiz somewhat long,
with a spine near base and another near middle, apex with a
long, strong, mobile spur.

In my Indian enumeration, Zuleika will find a place near
Dicranotropis, Fieb.

Zuletka bengalensis, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and mesonotum ochraceous ; eyes, face,
and clypeus black; body beneath and legs, and abdomen
above, ochraceous; tegmina with a slightly virescent tint,
imner and apical margins pale ochraceous, the apical margin
and a spot near middle of inner margin black ; structural
characters as in generic diagnosis.

Long. 34 mm.

Hab, Calcutta (Brit. Mus.).

XVIT.—WNotes on Fossorial Hymenoptera.—VI.
By Row.anp E. Turner, F.Z.S., F.E.S.

On the Species collected in New Guinea by the Expedition
of the British Ornithologists’ Union.

THE species enumerated in this paper were collected by
Dr. A. F. R. Wollaston on the expedition sent by the
British Ornithologists’ Union to S.W. New Guinea. Of the
twenty species collected five appear to be new to science.

Family Mutillide.
1. Mutilla nigra, Sm.
Mutilla nigra, Sm. Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc., Zool. iii. p. 151 (1858). ¢.
Hab. Mimika River; 2 ¢ @.

This male is somewhet allied to M. oceaniea, André, and
belongs to the typical Mutilla section of the family, not to
Lphutomorpha. It is also recorded from Aru.

Family Scoliide.
Subfamily Scozrrvx.
2. Scolia (Discolia) nitida, Sm.

Scolia nitida, Sm. Journ. Proc. Linn. Soe., Zool. iii. p. 152 (1858). 9.

Hab. Mimika River ; 1 9. Wataikwa River; 3 ¢ ¢.
This species is common in New Guinea and Aru.

ial ite

———————

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 195

3. Scolia (Dielis) sp.

Hab. Wataikwa River; 5 oo.
Probably a new species, but it is not in the interests of
science to describe species of this section from males.

Family Psammocharide (olim Pompilide),

4, Hemipepsis ferruginea, Sm.

Mygnimia ferruginea, Sm. Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc., Zool. iy, Suppl.
p. 121 (1860). 9.

Hab. Mimika River; 1 9°.

5. Femipepsis indicus, Cam.

Salius (Mygnimia) indicus, Cam. Mem. Manchester Lit. & Phil. Soc.
(4) iv. p. 448 (1891).

Hab. Mimika River; 1 2, July.

This species seems to have been confused by Smith with
his Mygqnimia fervida from Celebes, which has the antenne
more slender especially at the base, the second joint of the
flagellum rather shorter, and the median segment less
coarsely striated and without lateral tubercles.

The range of H. indicus extends to N.H. India.

6. Pseudagenia adusta, Sm.

Prioenemis adustus, Sm. Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc., Zool. vii. p. 30
(1863). o.

Hab. Mimika River; July, 1 9.

One specimen, which I refer with doubt to this species ; I
have not seen Smith’s type.

The female has the clypeus produced into a short tooth in
the middle of the apical margin, which is slightly sinuate on
each side of the tooth and rounded at the sides. Second
joint of the fiagellum almost as long as the third and fourth
combined. Eyes separated on the vertex by a distance equal
to the length of the third joint of the flagellum plus one-
third of the fourth joint; the posterior ocelli nearer to each
other than to the eyes. Median segment strongly trans-
versely striated posteriorly, with a faint median sulcus and a
broad longitudinal depression on each side, as long as broad.
Petiole occupying about one-third of the length of the first
abdominal segment; sixth segment opaque at the base, an
apical area not occupying quite the whole breadth of the
segment smooth and shining, this area projecting into the
opaque basal portion beyond the middle of the segment.

196 =Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

Third abscissa of the radius distinctly longer than the second ;
first recurrent nervure received before two-thirds from the
base of the second cubital cell, second at one-sixth from the
base of the third cubital cell. Submedian cell a little longer
than the median ; cubitus of hind wing originating beyond
the transverse median nervure. Hind tibize slightly spinose.
Transverse groove on the second ventral segment very
distinct.

Ferruginous ; the wings flavo-hyaline at the base and
apex, the fore wings with a light fusco-violaceous cloud from
the basal nervure to the apex ‘of the radial cell.

Length 17 mm.

7. Pseudagenia pulcherrima, Sm.

Priocnemis pulcherrimus, Sm. Journ. Proc. Linn. Soe., Zool. iii. p. 156
(1858).

Salius pulcherrimus, Kohl, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxxiy. p. 45
(1884).

Hab. Mimika River; August 1910, 1 ¢@.
Also from Aru.

8. Pseudagenia amalthea, Sm.

Pompilus (Agenia) amalthea, Sm. Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc., Zool. iii.
p. 155 (1858). 9.

Pseudagenia amaithea, Kohl, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges, Wien, xxxiy. p. 42
(1884).

Hab. Mimika River; 1 9? , July 1910.
Also from Aru.

Family Sphegide (sensu lato).

9. Sceliphron fervens, Sm.
Pelopeus fervens, Sin. Journ. Proce. Linn. Soe., Zool, ii. p. 101 (1857).
2.

Hab. Mimika Riser: 5 2 2, June-August.

Described by Smith from Borneo. The “colour is variable,
but specimens from Borneo seem to have the abdomen less
strongly suffused with black than in those from New Guinea.
I suspect that the New Guinea form is identical with
murarius, Sm., from Ceram; but if so, Smith’s statement that
the petiole is shorter in murartus must be erroneous.

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 197

10. Sphea staudingeri, Grib.

Sphex staudingeri, Grib. Miscell. Entom, ii. 1, p. 2 (1894). ¢. Kohl,
Ann. Hofmus. Wien, x. p. 69 (1895). dg.

Hab. Wataikwa River ; August 1910, 2 ?.

I have some doubt as to the correctness of my identifica-
tion of these specimens. ‘They agree fairly with Kohl’s
description in structural points, but the longitudinal groove
on the scutellum is very faint. ‘The abdomen is black, with
the exception of the sixth segment, the apex of the fifth and
the apex of first ventral segment.

11. Sphex umbrosus, Christ.
Sphex umbrosa, Christ, Naturg. d. Insect. p. 293 (1791).
Hab. Wataikwa River; August 1910, 1 ?.

One specimen of this wide-ranging species.

12. Sphex (Isodontia) aurifrons, Sm.
Sphex aurifrons, Sm. Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc., Zool. iii. p. 157 (1858).
Q.

Hab. Wataikwa River; September 1910, 1 2.

Identical with the typical form from Aru. I consider that
abditus, Kohl, is merely a local form of this species, which
ranges from India to N. Queensland.

13. Sphex (Isodontia) praslinius, Guér.

Sphex praslinius, Guér. Voy. ‘Coquille,’ Zool. ii. p. 262 (1839).
Sphex (Isodontia) praslinius, Kohl, Ann. Hofmus. Wien, vy. p. 386
(1890).

Hab. Wataikwa River ; August 1910, 1 9.
Originally described from New Ireland.

14. Sphex (Isodontia) nigellus, Sm.
Sphex nigella, Sm. Cat. Hym. B.M. iv. p. 255 (1856).

Hab. Wataikwa River; 2. ¢ g, August.

I am doubtful if these specimens are correctly identified,
the petiole being distinctly shorter and the wings darker than
is usual in males of nigellus, which has a very wide range in
Australia and KE. Asia.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. ix. 14

198 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

15. Sphex (Isodontia) permutans, sp. n.

9. Nigra, aureo-pilosa, alis subbyalinis, apice infumatis; man-
dibulis apice bidentatis.
Long. 17 mm. -

@. Mandibles slender, bidentate at the apex ; clypeus
slightly emarginate at the apex, with a longitudinal carina
from the base almost reaching the apex, the extreme apical
margin depressed. Eyes distinctly converging towards the
clypeus and also towards the vertex, leaving the inner margin
curved, the distance separating them on the vertex scarcely
greater than that separating them on the clypeus; posterior
ocelli as far from each other as from the eyes. Second joint
of the flagellum very slightly longer than the third, the
fourth no longer than the third. Head, thorax, and median
segment very minutely and closely punctured, clothed with
pale golden pubescence on the clypeus, front, cheeks, meso-
pleuree, pronotum, lateral and apical margins of the meso-
notum, postscutellum, and sides of the median segment.
Petiole almost as long as the two basal joints of the poste-
rior tarsi combined. Second abscissa of the radius nearly
half as long again as the third and a little longer than the
second transverse cubital nervure. First recurrent nervure
received at two-thirds from the base of the second cubital
cell, second at about one-tenth from the base of the third
cubital cell.

Hab. Wataikwa River; August, 2 ? 9.

Nearly allied to egens, Kohl, from New Britain, which it
resembles in the convergence of the eyes both towards the
clypeus and the vertex. It differs, however, in the length of
the fourth joint of the flagellum, which is very long in egens,
but only of ordinary length in the present species. The
male only of egens is described, but I do not think that this
difference 1s sexual.

16. Larra corrugata, sp. n.

¢o. Niger, subnitidus, segmento mediano transverse striato; alis
subhyalinis, iridescentibus, dimidio apicali obscuriore.
Long. 7 mm.

3. Mandibles deeply excised on the outer margin ; clypeus
broadly subtruncate at the apex and clothed with fine whitish
pubescence. Second joint of the flagellum a little longer
than the third, but not as long as the first and third com-
bined, about twice as long as the breadth at the apex; the

Mr. R. E. Turner on Possortal Hymenoptera. 199

antennze about equal in length to the thorax and median
segment combined. Eyes separated on the vertex by a
distance not quite equal to the length of the second and third
joints of the flagellum combined. Mesonotum finely and
closely punctured, somewhat depressed in the middle of the
anterior margin; median segment as broad at the base as
long, moderately narrowed towards the apex, and vertically
truncate, the dorsal surface coarsely transversely striated with
an obscure median sulcus, the surface of the posterior trunca-
tion with a well-defined median sulcus and a few irregular
striae. Abdomen smooth and shining, segments 1-3 with an
apical fascia of whitish pubescence. Tarsal ungues short.
Second abscissa of the radius half as long again as the third,
the first a little shorter than the second and third combined.
‘he two recurrent nervures are nearer to each other than
the first is to the base of the second cubital cell, which is
about one quarter longer than the third on the cubital
nervure. Third transverse cubital nervure oblique, curved
slightly outwards close to the cubital nervure. Radial cell
broad, more than half as broad as the length on the costa,
broadly truncate at the apex, with a distinct appendiculate
cell.
Hab. Mimika River; 2 $3, July and August.

Genus DicrANoraIna, Shuck.

Dicranorhina, Shuck., Lardner’s Cabinet Cyclopedia, Natural History,
Insects (Swainson and Shuckard, 1840).
Piagetia, Rits. Ent. M. Mag. ix. p. 129 (1872).

Shuckard’s name must, I think, hold good for this genus.
As Mr. Distant has pointed out to me, the name is not pre-
occupied in Coleoptera, Hope’s genus Dicronorhina, 1837,
having been corrected to Dieranorrhina by Burmeister in

1842.

17. Dicranorhina wollastoni, sp. n.

2. Nigra, opaca, fulvo-pilosa, abdomine nitido ; pedibus anteriori-
bus pallide testaceis ; alis hyalinis, fascia lata fusca ante apicem,
venis nigTis.

Long. 9 mm.

9. Clypeus short and broad, truncate at the apex, with a
median longitudinal carina. Second joint of the flagellum
twice as long as the first, and equal in length to the third.
Eyes separated on the vertex by a distance equal to the
length of the first and second joints of the ar ae com-

200 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

bined. Head, pronotum, mesopleure, and median segment
covered with very short pale fulvous pubescence. Median
segment a little longer than the breadth at the base, narrowed
posteriorly, more opaque than the mesonotum, the posterior
slope with a median suleus. Abdomen smooth and shining ;
the basal segment scarcely as long as the second, subpetiolate,
gradually widened from the base. Fifth dorsal segment and
pygidial area finely and sparsely punctured. Third abscissa
of the radius as long as the second, first recurrent nervure
received close to the base of the second cubital cell, almost
interstitial with the first transverse cubital nervure, second
received beyond one-third from the base of the second
cubital cell. The fuscous band is broad, commencing at the
middle of the stigma and reaching to the apex of the radial
cell, and is of about the same breadth throughout. Hind
femora without a tubercle. Tibie with a few very slender
spines; basal joint of anterior tarsi with four very weak
spines.
Hab. Mimika River; July 1910, 1 ¢.
There is no iridescence on the wings except at the extreme

apex.

UNeaty allied to ¢ntaminata, Turn., from Queensland, but
differs in the colour of the fore legs and in the shape of the
cubital cells.

18. Pison impunctatum, sp. n.

Q. Nigra, impunctata, subopaca ; alis hyalinis, iridescentibus, apice
leviter obscuratis, segmento mediano carina longitudinali.
Long. 6 mm.

?. Smooth and subopaque, the abdomen shining. Clypeus
broadly rounded at the apex and covered with white pubes-
cence. Hyes separated on the vertex by a distance scarcely
exceeding the length of the second joint of the flagellum,
about twice as far apart on the clypeus. Posterior ocelli
touching the eyes, much nearer to each other than to the
anterior ocellus. Front slightly convex, longitudinally
depressed in the middle ; the emargination of the eyes deep
and triangular. Second and third joints of the flagellum of
about equal length. Pronotum not very steeply sloped in
front, the posterior margin almost transverse and level with
the mesonotum. Median segment with a longitudinal sulcus
from the base not quite reaching the apex, with a carina in
the sulcus, the posterior truncation of the segment with a
deep fovea at the base and a few short transverse striz.
Abdominal segments with a rather faint apical band of white

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 201

pubescence. Spur of the hind tibia shorter by one-third than
the basal joint of the hind tarsus. Radial cell lanceolate ;
first abscissa of the radius twice as long as the second ;
recurrent nervures interstitial with the first and second
transverse cubital nervures, the second recurrent nervure bent
outwards near the middle; the second cubital cell small.

Hab. Mimika River ; August 1910, 1. ¢.

Nearly allied to P. iridipenne, Sm., but in the present
species the eyes are closer to each other on the vertex and
the median segment is smooth, whereas very fine strie are
visible in irédipenne.

19. Pison constrictum, sp. n.

¢. Niger, dense punctatus, albo-pilosus, alis subhyalinis, venis
nigris; clypeo apice dente acuto armato, fronte rugulosa, seg-
mento mediano postice transverse striato, sulco mediano basali
indistincto.

Long. 11 mm.

3d. Clypeus more than twice as broad as the greatest
length, produced into an acute tooth on the middle of the
apical margin, covered with delicate silvery-white pubes-
cence. Eyes more than half as far again from each other on
the clypeus as on the vertex ; posterior ocelli very close
together, a little nearer to each other than to the eyes and
much nearer to each other than to the anterior ocellus, a
shallowly impressed transverse line behind the posterior
ocelli. Front rugulose, the emargination of the eyes opaque
and almost smooth, a less strongly rugulose convex space
divided by an indistinct longitudinal groove above the base
of the antennee; second joint of the flagellum longer than
the third, but shorter than the first and third combined ;
vertex, thorax, and median segment finely and closely punc-
tured, abdomen very finely punctured ; a very shallow sulcus
almost obsolete at the apex from the base of the median
segment, the posterior truncation somewhat abrupt, the
surface of the truncation irregularly transversely striated
with a deep median depression from the base not quite
reaching the apex. Abdominal segments moderately con-
stricted at the base, the apical segment small and rugose,
pointed at the apex. Basal joint of the posterior tarsi
scarcely longer than the spine of the posterior tibiz. First
abscissa of the radius about twice as long as the second, the
second cubital cell very small, only occupying one-third of
the length of the first transverse cubital nervare; first

202 Mr, W. Schaus on

recurrent nervure received by the first cubital cell close to
the apex, second by the third cubital cell at the extreme base.

Hab. Mimika River; 1 g, July 1910.

Somewhat allied to P. punctulatum, Kohl, but is less
coarsely punctured and differs in neuration. It is also near
P. nitidum, Sm., from Aru, of which I have not seen the
type, and is probably identical with P. morosum, Sm., 1864,
from New Guinea, which is not identical with P. morosum,
Sm., 1856, which is from New Zealand. P. pallidipalpe,
Sm., differs in the position of the first recurrent nervure, in
the deeper sulcus with a carina on the median segment, and
in the longer and slenderer tarsi.

20. Trypoxylon gracillimum, Sm.

Tryporylon gracillimum, Sm, Journ. Proc. Linn, Soc., Zool. vii. p. 35
(1863). ¢.

Hab. Mimika River; 1 ¢, August 1910.

XVIII.— New Species of Heterocera from Costa Rica —XUT.
By W. Scuaus, F.Z.8.

Noctuide.

Rhyncholita ? viridicosia, sp. n.

g. Palpi, head, and collar pale green. Thorax whitish
buff. Abdomen brown-buff with some dark brown irrora-
tions. Fore wings whitish; costa broadly tinged with pale
green and crossed by oblique olive-green shades; cell
irrorated with pale reddish brown; the spots round, black,
the orbicular small, the reniform large; a basal and a sub-
basal black point; some scattered pale reddish-brown
irrorations below cell, partly forming an indistinct line from
reniform to middle of inner margin ; postmedial black points
from well beyond cell to near middle of inner margin,
followed by a clear white line, expanding at apex, and out-
wardly edged by an olive-green line; a subterminal small
black and brown spot above tornus; terminal black points.
Hind wings white; a black discal spot; a fuscous spot at
middle of inner margin; terminal black points. Fore wings
below with costal margin and part of cell fuscous olive; an

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 203

oblique fuscous subterminal line. Hind wings below with
black discal spots and a fine postmedial line.
Expanse 26 mm.

Hab. Turrialba.

Chlorhoda metaleuca, sp. n.

3. Palpi reddish brown fringed with whitish and shaded
with black behind. Head creamy buff, shaded with brown.
Collar creamy buff, shaded posteriorly with black-brown,
and crossed by a fine blackish line. Thorax silvery grey,
darker shaded behind. Abdomen fuscous grey above,
creamy buff below. Fore wings silvery grey, faintly shaded
with fuscous on basal half, except on costa; some fine
brown streaks on extreme costa, and a heavier brown and
black medial streak to subcostal; an angled reddish-brown
streak with its apex between orbicular and reniform, which
are Jarge, close together, and barely defined, the inner
portion of streak irregularly inbent to submedian fold, the
outer portion edging reniform posteriorly ; postmedial gemi-
nate black points on veins, the inner series connected by a
faint fuscous-grey lunular line; subterminal, black streaks
on veins and a faint brownish shade ; an inbent brown-black
streak from costa near apex to vein 7, followed by a whitish-
grey shade, and preceded by a brown shade on costa; faint
terminal dark points between the veins. Hind wings white ;
the apex and veins on outer half streaked with fuscous
brown.

Eixpanse 34 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Cachi.

Phobolosia aurilinea, sp. 0.

Palpi buff, irrorated with metallic scales. Head and
thorax whitish with minute brown irrorations. Abdomen
above whitish, thickly irrorated with brown and yellow
seales, dark brown segmental lines and a white dorsal tuft
at base. Fore wings whitish, irrorated with minute brown
points and some wavy lines; a broad antemedial golden
line, widest on costa; a black point at end of cell; a sub-
terminal yellowish-buff shade preceded by heavier irrorations,
and followed at apex by black streaks, some lilacine-silver
seales, and then terminal black points; the termen below
vein 5 lilacine silver, with two black spots between veins 2
and 4. Hind wings whitish with fuscous irrorations ; a
spot in cell, a postmedial dark line towards inner margin,
and abroad dark terminal shade widest at apex. Under-

204 Mr. W. Schaus on

neath whitish, with darker irrorations and rather large ter-
minal black spots, the fore wings shaded with brown below
cell and before apex.

Expanse 15 mm.

Hab. Peralta.

Steniscadia polyodonta, sp. 1.

@. Palpi, head, and thorax fuscous grey, the collar shaded
with black. Abdomen fuscous. Fore wings grey-brown ;
a fine, interrupted, subbasal, geminate darker line, marked
by black points in cell and some black sealing below cell ;
an antemedial, fine, unular, dentate, geminate line, shaded
with white on inner margin; two black points on diseo-
cellular ; the postmedial fine, dark, forming deep projections
between the veins, with paler shadings between them; a
subterminal fine whitish shade, preceded and followed by
brownish spots between the veins; a terminal black line ;
cilia broad, dark brown, tipped with greyish. Hind wings
fuscous, darkest on costa and on outer margin.

Expanse 21 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

Azeta rufescens, sp. 0.

go. Palpi reddish brown, irrorated above and inwardly
with lilacine white. Head, collar, and thorax dark reddish
brown ; some whitishirrorations on frons. Abdomen lilacine
brown above, the lilacine tinge due to the whitish irrorations ;
underneath light reddish brown. Fore wings: the anterior
half dark reddish brown, extending on basal half to near
inner margin, otherwise greyish brown irrorated with
lilacine white; the costa irrorated with white, especially
medially, to postmedial line, and with four small white
spots beyond it ; antemedial dark reddish brown, angled on
subcostal, outset on median, and straight to submedian, then
outcurved ; orbicular round, white; a dark reddish-brown
medial shade angled at reniform, toothed on submedian ;
reniform large, oval, buff, shaded with brown in front and
behind, and with a gieyish line on discocellular; postmedial
fine, outcurved beyond cell, fuscous brown cutwardly edged
with lilacine white, and a fine reddish-brown shade; sub-
terminal whitish spots ; a lunular fuscous-brown line followed
by a reddish-brown sinuous shade. Hind wings greyish
brown; a dark brown medial line; the postmedial fine,
distinctly geminate, followed by a broad brown shade ter-
minating at the subterminal spots, which are remote from

Fleterocera from Costa Rica. 205

termen. Fore wings below brown, the costal half tinged
with roseate; a black orbicular point; a dark medial line,
angled at reniform, which is narrow and indistinct; the
postmedial and subterminal spots pale. Hind wings below
light reddish brown, the inner margin broadly roseate grey ;
a yellowish-white discal spot; a dark medial line; the
postmedial fine, fuscous brown outwardly edged with lilacine ;
a fuscous shade before subterminal spots.

Expanse 54 mm.

Hab, Juan Vinas.

Allied to A. leucoma, Feld., but has antenne ciliate and
with fascicles, whereas /eucoma has the antennz with shorter
cilia and no fascicles ; the colour is also quite different.

Chamyna modesta, sp. n.

@. Palpi dull brown. Body brownish buff, the abdomen
above tinged with fuscous; underneath whitish. Legs out-
wardly brown, inwardly whitish; pale rings on tarsi.
Wings above brownish buff thinly irrorated with black.
Fore wings: costa finely roseate; cilia roseate brown; a
faint darker autemedial line ; orbiculara minute black point ;
a darker medial shade terminating in a black spot on inner
margin; reniform large, indistinct, slightly paler with a
vague fuscous line on discocellular ; postmedial slightly
darker, indistinct, sinuous with white points on veins ;
subterminal black points between the veins ; terminal black
points at veins connected by a fine lunular line. Hind
wings: a medial fuscous line ending in a small black spot
on inner margin; postmedial, subterminal, and terminal
spots as on fore wings. Fore wings below pale fuscous, with
faint traces of a fine postmedial line and subterminal spots;
a terminal black line. Hind wings below buff-white
irrorated with fuscous; a dark discal spot, a postmedial
line, and subterminal fuscous shade.

Expanse 45 mm,

Hab, Juan Vinas, Tuis,

Isogona fulgens, sp. n.
¢. Palpi reddish brown, ringed with buff terminally.
Head dark reddish brown; a large buff spot on frons, and
a white spot at base of antennee. Collar light reddish brown
in front ; behind and also thorax dull greyish brown. Abdo-
men light reddish brown with segmental buff lines. Fore
wings silky reddish brown tinged with lilacine; a silvery

206 Mr. W. Schaus on

white line on base of costal margin; lines buff finely edged
with dark red-brown; subbasal line geminate, expanding
in cell, marked by a small black spot above submedian ;
antemedial slightly inbent, and somewhat oatset on median ;
orbicular round, extending across cell ; reniform very large
extending above and below cell, its corners angled, not
rounded; from angle of reniform below vein 3 a line con-
tinues to inner margin, and another to outer line just above
3; the outer line oblique from costa postmedially to vein 3
at termen; a marginal line from a white apical spot, straight
to vein 3, twice inset below it; small subterminal black and
white spots near apex ; three large and one small black spot
from vein 3 to inner margin subterminally, the small spot
inset. Hind wings silky reddish brown; the costa whitish
to near apex; cilia tipped with white. Fore wings below
silky reddish brown, the costa broadly whitish ; traces of
antemedial, medial, and postmedial lines. Hind wings below
white: costa irrorated with reddish brown; a medial line
from costa through cell ; a postmedial line inangled towards
inner margin; subterminal shadings widest on costa; an
interrupted terminal line.
Expanse 30 mm.

Hab. La Florida.

Sasserna ? irrorata, sp. n.

3. Palpi brown irrorated with white. Head and collar
brown. ‘Thorax and abdomen buff-grey, with a few black
irrorations. Thorax below grey; the legs brown; a white
spot at end of hind femora. Fore wings brown, irrorated
with black and somewhat shaded with grey ; a buff shade
from within postmedial to apex; an antemedial indistinct
line, fuscous brown on costa, irregularly incurved from sub-
costal to submedian ; an oblique fuscous medial line on costa
to reniform, which is large, whitish, with fuscous lines, and
sometimes completely velvety black; the postmedial fine,
black, outcurved beyond cell, dentate lunular ; subterminal
white spots partly shaded with black; some dark stria on
termen. Hind wings fuscous, shaded with grey or brown
about anal angle, irrorated with black ; an indistinct black
medial line, and subterminal spots near anal angle. Under-
neath fuscous grey ; black discal spots preceded and followed
by white spots ; a black postmedial dentate lunular line; sub-
terminal white points. Fore wings: the costal margin
whitish grey irrorated with black; terminal black strie.
Hind wings thickly irvorated with black.

Heterocera from Costa Rica, 207

Expanse, ¢ 33 mm., ? 40 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Avangarez, Tuis.

In the ‘ Biologia’ this species was mixed with -S. lyde,
Druce, the female being figured under that name.

ARSACIODES, gen. nov.

Proboscis minute; palpi with the second joint porrect,
extending about the length of head, thickened and fringed
with hair above and below at extremity, the third rather long,
thick, bent downwards; frons smooth; eyes large ; antenne
of male ciliated; head and thorax smoothly clothed with
scales and without crests; tibie with the spurs long;
abdomen with dorsal crest at base only. Fore wing with
the inner margin strongly lobed at middle and with slight
scale-teeth at middle and tornus; vein 3 from well before
angle of cell; 5 from just above angle; 6,7 from upper
angle; 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 from cell. Hind wing with
veins 3 and 5 from near angle of cell; 6, 7 from upper
angle ; 8 anastomosing with cell near base only.

Arsaciodes rufa, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax bright rufous ; pectus whitish; legs
pale brown, the tarsi with slight white rings; abdomen
fuscous, the ventral surface whitish. Fore wing rufous with
a purplish gloss ; a waved white antemedial line defined by
a few black scales on outer side; a black point in end of
cell; a fine white postmedial line defined by black on outer
side towards costa and inner margin, oblique from costa to
vein 7, then inwaidly oblique and sinuous; a curved sub-
terminal series of black points ; a terminal series of black
strie. Hind wing fuscous brown; cilia red-brown, whitish
at tips.

Expanse 20 mm.

Hab. Banana River, Sixola.

Renta turpis, sp. n.

6- Palpi dark brown, fringed with buff-brown ; the last
joint buff-brown. Head, collar, and thorax fuscous brown ;
the patagia shaded with violaceous black. Fore wings
violaceous black tinged with brown, crossed by darker striz ;
an indistinct antemedial shade outwardly oblique ; a similar
medial shade inwardly oblique ; orbicular minute; reniform
almost semilunar, buff-brown, crossed by a velvety black
line, reduced to a spot behind in type; a broad postmedial

208 Mr. W. Schaus on

wavy buff-brown shade; similar subterminal spots on veins
in a sinuous row, and shaded with dark brown; small
marginal dark spots connected by a vague wavy line. Hind
wings dark brown, shaded with violaceous black on outer
margin, medially above vein 2, and on inner margin; a dark,
dentate, lunular, postmedial line, partly shaded outwardly
with buff-brown; subterminal whitish spots on veins 2, 3,
and 4,
Expanse 53 mm.

Hab. Sixola, Guapiles, Tuis, Bugaba.

Scopifera repanda, sp. n.

3. Palpi brown, darkest at base, fringed in front with
buff. Head, collar, thorax, and fore wings fuscous brown,
tinged with lilacine. Abdomen and hind wings fuscous.
Fore wings: antemedial and postmedial lines fine, black,
lunular, the latter outcurved ; a faint darker medial shade
angled at reniform; orbicular a small whitish-yellow spot ;
reniform dark velvety brown, divided by a light reddish-
brown shade and with a yellowish point on basal side; a
subterminal light brown sinuous line, darkly edged and
followed by a cluster of white scales above vein 5; a tew
white scales scattered over the wing.

Expanse 42 mm.

Hab. San José, Juan Vinas.

Regectaria marginalis, sp. Ne

6. Palpi, head, collar, and thorax dark reddish brown.
Abdomen fuscous brown, irorated with white below. Fore
wings dull brown to outer line; a greyish shade at base
below cell; antemedial and medial perpendicular, wavy,
darker brown, the antemedial shaded rather broadly with
reddish brown; reniform very indistinct, faintly tinged with
grey; a very faint wavy postmedial line, followed by the
fine brown outer line, straight and perpendicular from inner
marg|In to vein 7, where it is outcurved and lost in an apical
brown shade ; inwardly it is finely edged with lilacine and
outwardly followed by a broad lilacine shade which reaches
costa and has its outer edge forming three curves; termen
broadly fuscous grey. Hind wings dull fuscous brown ; an
outer line and greyish shade from vein 5-2. Hind wings
below with an outer lilacine line.

Expanse 45 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Sitio.

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 209

Regectaria splendida, sp. n.

3. Palpi, head, collar, and thorax very dark brown, with
some lilacine irrorations; abdomen lighter brown, with a
few white scales ; legs and tarsi spotted with white; fore
coxe irrorated with white. Fore wings dark brown, espe-
cially the medial space, which has only a few lilacine irrora-
tions ; base heavily irrorated with lilacine, limited by the
white antemedial line, slightly oblique inwardly from costa ;
a fine white postmedial line, straight and slightly oblique
inwardly, followed on inner margin by a large cluster of
lilacine scales ; subterminal short white streaks on veins and
a small cluster of lilacine scales above vein 5; terminal
white spots ; cilia irrorated with white. Hind wings paler ;
the outer line and lilacine irrorations only between veins 2
and 5, and some irrorations near inner margin; the termen
with the lilacine irrorations diminishing towards apex.

Expanse 45 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Strathocles funebris, sp. n.

g. Body very dark brown; the tarsi with whitish rings.
Wings dull dark brown, the lines of a still darker shade.
Fore wings: the antemedial perpendicular, outcurved be-
tween the veins; a median shade from reniform, sinuous to
inner margin ; reniform buff-brown, crossed by a dark line ;
postmedial fine, wavily dentate, perpendicular ; subterminal
fine, somewhat heavier on inner margin, outcurved between
veins 3 and 4 and 6 and 7, the curves filled in with velvety
black-brown patches, very conspicuous. Hind wings: faint
traces of a darker postmedial shade; a subterminal darker
spot near anal angle. Wings below fuscous brown, with
indistinct postmedial and subterminal lines. Fore wings :
the costal margin from base to beyond middle with thick
downturned hairs ; a streak of long dull brown hairs in cell.

Expanse 36 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis; also from French Guiana.

The female of this species is the female S. ribbec, Dr., of
the ‘ Biologia.’

Aristarta vinasalis, sp. n.

6. Palpi dark brown, tipped with whitish buff. Frons
dark brown; vertex, collar, and thorax buff. Abdomen
fuscous. Femora brown, tibie and tarsi whitish buff; fore
coxee with tufts of roseate hairs. Fore wings greyish buff;

210 Mr. W. Schaus on

costa narrowly ochreous, edged with black in front; a fine
dark basal line; antemedial fine, black, dentate, outwardly
oblique from costa; orbicular round, whitish buff, partly
edged with black scales; a black-brown median line inwardly
oblique from subcostal, widest and more heavily marked on
inner margin, partly followed by a brownish shade; reniform
large, whitish buff, containing two black spots; postmedial
line fuscous brown, fine, deeply lunular, with black points at
angles, followed by a heavy fuscous-brown shade, outwardly
dentate, especially at vein 4; marginal black points between
the veins; terminal black points at veins, the two rows
connected by an indistinct angled line. Hind wings fuscous,
shaded with dull brown in and below cell ; traces of a darker
subterminal line, geminate near anal angle and surmounted
by some buff mottling; some terminal buff shadings about
veins 2 and 8; cilia buff.

Expanse 48 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Sitio.

This species varies considerably in colour, some specimens
being reddish brown.

Neoherminia modestalis, sp. n.

3. Palpi, head, collar, and thorax brown. Abdomen and
hind wings fuscous. Fore wings dull brown; antemedial
and postmedial lines very faint, darker brown, the latter
wavy, inbent towards reniform, dentate lunular below vein 3 ;
spots grey, edged with black-brown, the orbicular very small,
the reniform moderate; a vague subterminal shade twice
outcurved, defined by lilacine scales, which extend over the
outer margin.

Expanse 33 mm.

Female: The lines more clearly defined ; the spots buff,
the reniform larger and crossed by a dark brown line ; the
subterminal dark, outwardly shaded with buff-brown, the
lilacine scaling absent.

Hab. Poas, Turrialba.

Tortricodes barbaralis, sp. n.

3. Body violaceous black, the palpi fringed with ochreous
brown; abdomen below mottled with white. Fore wings
dark lilacine grey, the lines whitish buff; the antemedial
outcurved through cell, incurved below median, the post-
medial incurved below vein 2, both broadly shaded on medial
side with black-brown; an oblique velvety-black streak as
orbicular ; reniform small, ochreous brown, inwardly edged

Fleterocera from Costa Rica. 211

by a fine black line ; the subterminal outcurved on vein 7,
inbent just below 7 towards postmedial, enclosing a black-
brown space, then incurved around cleft, followed by an
ochreous shade, and perpendicular from vein 2 to inner
margin, preceded by a black-brown shade; a dark terminal
line. Hind wings black, a large white space from base in,
beyond, and below cell, on which the median and veins 2-4
are black.

Expanse 30 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis, Sitio.

Allied to 7. duleina, Schs., which has the apex white.

Megachyta rona, sp. n.

3d. Body brownish grey, the abdomen terminally darker ;
body below whitish buff. Fore wings brownish grey, the
lines black, fine, the antemedial slightly oblique from costa,
perpendicular below median ; a dark streak on discocellular ;
the postmedial very slightly outeurved beyond cell; a faint
subterminal fuscous shade, faintly edged outwardly with
white, which becomes a distinct white spot on costa; the
outer margin darker grey ; a terminal black line; cilia darker
grey, with a pale line at base. Hind wings similar; a black
discal spot; the postmedial line angled at vein 2. Fore
wings below greyish; a black discal point; a white costal
spot before apex; postmedial line and subterminal shade
very faint. Hind wings below whitish; a discocellular
streak ; a fine outer line ; a subterminal fuscous shade.

Expanse 18 mm.

Female similar, but darker and browner.

Hab. Carillo, Laguna, Tuis.

Megachyta acutipennis, sp. n.

g. Body above dark greyish, with pale transverse strize
on thorax and pale segmental lines on abdomen. Underneath
whitish, irrorated with dark grey, the legs buff-white. Wings
lilacine grey, with darker irrorations ; an antemedial and a
postmedial fine wavy dark line; a sinuous subterminal dark
shade; a terminal dark line, pale edged and interrupted by
veins. Fore wings: a fine medial line; two white spots on
discocellular ; a small black apical spot. Fore wings below
fuscous grey, a fuscous discal spot; a fuscous subterminal
shade, broad and black from vein 6 to costa ; terminal black
points between veins. Hind wings below whiter, irrorated
with dark grey ; a discal point and traces of a subterminal
fuscous shade. Fore wings acute.

212 Mr. W. Schaus on

Expanse 20 mm.

Female: Wings light brown and very similar to that sex
of M. anser, Dr., but the two species can be readily separated
by the markings underneath.

Hab. Carillo, Laguna.

Flypena cachialis, sp. n.

3. Body fuscous; some greyish irrorations on palpi.
Fore wings black-brown ; a subbasal line, sinuous and slightly
oblique outwardly, velvety brown inwardly edged with grey ;
orbicular and reniform as small black points; postmedial
undefined black, very slightly incurved, defined by the
broad whitish-grey shade which follows it, this shade be-
coming darker outwardly and crossed by a wavy and a
lunular fuscous-brown line ; a greyish shade from vein 6 to
apex. Hind wings fuscous brown ; cilia black. Underneath
dull brownish; black discal points; an indistinct outer
fuscous line ; a subterminal black point below costa on fore
wings ; a vague subterminal fuscous shade on hind wings.

Expanse 32 mm.

Hab. Cachi.

Hypena devexalis, sp. n.

d. Head, collar, and thorax lilacine brown, irrorated with
whitish grey. Abdomen fuscous. Fore wings dull brown,
shaded with buff-grey on postmedial space; lines greyish
buff ; antemedial oblique from costa, inset below submedian ;
postmedial oblique from costa, outcurved beyond cell and
less so between 3 and 2; an outer vague fuscous shade,
somewhat outcurved, followed by a dark space on costa ;
subterminal curved around costal space, outcurved below 6,
and outbent below 2 to tornus; a terminal dark brown line
interrupted by veins. Hind wings fuscous; a terminal
black line. Fore wings below fuscous grey, irrorated with
greyish; a subterminal black and white spot below costa.
Hind wings below whitish grey, thickly irrorated with dull
brown ; a black discal point; a postmedial brownish line;
both wings with a terminal black line, interrupted by pale
points on veins.

Expanse 31 mm,

Hab. Juan Vinas, Cartago.

Hypena ducalis, sp. n.
3. Palpi, head, and thorax brown, thickly irrorated with

FTeterocera from Costa Rica. 213

whitish grey. Abdomen greyish brown. Fore wings pale
lilacine brown; an oblique whitish-grey line from costa
subbasally, inbent from just above submedian and straight on
inner margin, then shaded outwardly by a fine dark brown
line; a large medial chocolate-brown space to beyond cell,
its outer edge slightly oblique on costa, incurved from vein 5,
and not touching submedian ; a fine line from its lower edge
reaches middle of inner margin ; a fine brownish postmedial
line outeurved and slightly wavy ; subterminal fuscous spots,
edged with white outwardly, chiefly near costa; veins
terminally with dark streaks ; a terminal narrow dark brown
shade; the costa medially rather lighter than dark medial
space. Hind wings white; the margins broadly fuscous
brown ; a terminal dark brown shade near anal angle. Fore
wings below fuscous ; a subterminal white point below costa.
Hind wings below white, the outer margin broadly tuscous.

Expanse 39 mm.

Hab. Cartago.

Hypena frigida, sp. n.

3. Palpi, head, collar, thorax, and fore wing dark viola-
ceous brown, finely irrorated with lilacine grey, less so on
basal half of wing from below subcostal; an indistinct dark
antemedial line, partly shaded with brownish scales; a
similar sinuous medial line ; an indistinct darker postmedial
curved shade ; subterminal dark spots, shaded with faint
lilacine grey and marked by a distinct white point below
costa. Hind wings white at base, the margins broadly
black, gradually suffusing with the white ; a black streak on
discocellular. Fore wings below black ; a subterminal white
spot above vein 7. Hind wings below with the white
extending to inner margin and nearer outer margin; a black
discal point ; a black postmedial line, most distinct near costa.

Expanse 37 mm.

flab. Volcano Poas and Turrialba.

Hypena gaudialis, sp. n.

9. Palpi, head, collar, and thorax lilacine brown, with
whitish-grey irrorations and transverse strie. Abdomen
grey-brown, thickly mottled with fine white irrorations.
Fore wings lilacine brown, fuscous brown on apical area; a
large oblique medial space, chocolate-brown, its inner edge
oblique to submedian and finely edged with lilacine white,
then outbent to below submedian, its outer edge outcurved to
vein 4 at cell, then faintly incurved to costa, followed by a

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. ix. 15

914 ° Mr. R. 8. Bagnall on

white line and broad whitish space beyond cell, crossed by a
brownish postmedial line, following contour of dark patch to
inner margin; traces of subterminal spots and greyish
irrorations from vein 4 to inner margin. Hind wings white,
the margins broadly black. Fore wings below grey-black ;
a broad white patch beyond cell from vein 8 to vein 2.
Hind wings below white, the margin broadly grey-black,
irrorated with white, except basal half of costa, which is
narrowly dark.

Hixpanse 30 mm.

Hlab. Juan Vinas.

The sexes are similar.

HHypena thontes, sp. n.

?. Palpi brown, thickly irrorated with grey. Head dull
brown; collar and thorax reddish brown ; abdomen fuscous
brown ; legs buff, irrorated with brown. Fore wings to
beyond middle reddish brown, limited by a straight roseate
white line, outwardly shaded with roseate grey ; the outer
margin broadly fuscous brown, crossed by a sinuous row of
lunular black spots rather remote from margin; a_ black
point at base of cell ; a fine darker reddish-brown antemedial
line, outwardly oblique from costa; a black point in middle
of cell; a dark terminal line. Hind wings fuscous brown ; a
terminal darker line ; some pale shadings on base of cilia.

Expanse 35 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Sixola, La Florida.

Some specimens have a greyish shade at apex.

XIX.—Preliminary Descriptions of Three new Species of
Thysanoptera. By Ricnarp 8. BAGNALL, F.L.S., F.E.S.

I wAs reeently able to spend a couple of hours in the British
Museum, and take the opportunity of describing briefly two
new and interesting thrips—Docessissophothrips major, sp. n.,
and Mecynothrips simplex, sp.n. I also add a short descrip-
tion of a new Panurothrips trom a small collection submitted
to me by Mr. V. Subramania Iyer, M.A., F.L.S., of the Indian
Forestry Research Institute, Dehra Dun,

Three new Species of Thysanoptera. 215

Phieothripide.
Genus DocessissopHorTurips, Bagnall.

Docessissophothrips major, sp. 0.

Length about 6°5 mm.

Colour reddish brown; third antennal joint yellowish
white, shaded with brown at tip.

Head more strongly flattened laterally than in ampliceps,
Bagn., but not so flattened as in monstrosus, Bagn. ; con-
stricted behind eyes and widest just before the constriction ;
eyes small but prominent. Maxillary palpi with second
joint very long, about four times as long as the first. Third
joint of antenna longest, seventh and eighth joints apparently
connate.

Docessissophothrips major, sp. 0.

A. flead and prothorax, viewed dorsally.
B. The same, viewed laterally, with right front lee,

All prothoracic bristles exceptionally long. Wings
reaching to tube. Hind and intermediate legs long and some-
what stout, each tibia with two exceptionally long setee on
outer margin.

Tube stout, not quite as long as the head; bristles of the
ninth abdominal segment about seven-eighths the length of
the tube.

Type. British Museum. One carded specimen, without
data. Coll. Fry.

15*

216 On Three new Species of Thysanoptera.

Idolothripide.
Genus Mrecynorurtrrs, Bagnall.

Mecynothrips simplex, sp. n.

Length about 9:0 mm.

Superficially this form closely resembles J. wallace?,
Bagn., and is similar in its type of coloration. The antenne
are slightly stronger and have not the prominent long hair at
the outer apical margin of each of the intermediate segments.
The lateral cephalic sete spring from very minute warts and
are not conspicuous.

The prothorax is simple, with a moderately long forwardly
directed seta set on a slight protuberance at each anterior
angle. The fore femur is more strongly crassate and appa-
rently has not the strong tooth near the apical third within
seen in M. wallacei, but it appears to have a minute tooth at
the apex within. The hind and intermediate legs are rela-
tively shorter and stouter. The wings reach to the fifth
abdominal segment.

The tube is longer than in wallace’, not quite three times

as long as the penultimate segment and nearly as long as the
eighth and ninth segments together.

Type. In the British Museum.

Hab. One & (carded specimen). Collected by E. Simon,
Philippines, 1903.

Genus PANuroturips, Bagnall.

Panurothrips coriaceus, sp. n.

Length, including tube (which is about one-third the length
of the total), 3°65 mm.

Colour dark chestnut-brown ; fore tibize shading to yellow
distally and all tarsi yellow. Antenna, excepting the two
basal joints, clear yellow.

Head about once and a quarter as long as broad; cheeks
broader than the breadth across eyes, parallel, and furnished
with minute spine-set warts. Antenne about one and three-
quarters as long as the head, rather stout. Prothorax trans-
verse, about three-fifths the length of the head, disc depressed ;
a short and somewhat stout spine at each posterior angle.
Surface of head, thorax, and femora roughly reticulated.
Wings reaching to the sixth abdominal segment. Abdomen
gradually narrowing to the tube; segments 1 to 7 strongly
transverse, lateral sete very short and stiff. Tube narrow,

On the Osteology of the Order Opisthomi. 217

slightly curved upwards, about three and one-half times as
long as the head; closely set with moderately long sete to
the distal fifth. ‘lerminal hairs very short.

Hab. India; four specimens, together with several nymphs
and pupa, taken by Mr. lyer on “ Piaman”’ leaves at Karwa-
panny, West Dehra Dun, base of the West Himalayas.

P. coriaceus much more nearly approaches the South
African species caudatus, Bagn., than the Malayan gracilis,
Bagn. It is asmaller species, the head is much shorter and
broader, and the surface is roughly sculptured, either reticu-
late or finely scabrous; the abdominal segments are strongly
transverse, whilst the tube is, compared with the length of
head, even longer than in caudatus.

The discovery of caudatus and this species, which in the
form of the abdomen differ strongly from the type gracilis,
would seem to show that the genus Panurothrips has stronger
affinities with the Phlceothripide than with the Idolothripide.

XX.—The Osteology of the Teleostean Fishes of the Order
Opisthomt. By C. Tare Reaan, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE order Opisthomi comprises the single family Mastacem-
belidz, with two genera, Mastacembelus and Rhynchobdella,
from the fresh waters of Africa and Southern Asia. These
fishes have the body elongate and compressed, covered with
small scales ; the many-rayed dorsal and anal fins are con-
tiguous to or confluent with the small caudal; the dorsal is
preceded by a series of isolated spines and the anal has three
spines, the second strong and depressible in a groove; the pec-
torals are well developed, but the pelvic fins are absent. The
mouth is small or of moderate size, terminal or subterminal,
with villiform teeth in the jaws and sometimes on the vomer ;
the maxillaries are firmly attached to the non-protractile pre-
maxillaries, There are two nostrils on each side, the poste-
rior in front of the eye, the anterior tubular, at the side of a
fleshy tentacle at the end of the snout. The gill-membranes
are separate or narrowly united, and free from the isthmus,
but the gill-openings are restricted trom above, the oper-
culum having no free edge.

Such are the principal external characters of this group
of apodal acanthopterous physoclists ; the skeleton indicates

218 On the Osteology of the Order Opisthomi.

that these fishes are related to, but more specialized than, the
Percomorphi, but they show no particular affinity to any
group of Percomorphous fishes.

The skull is elongate, narrowed forwards, without crests or
ridges on the upper surface ; the parietals are separated by
the supraoccipital ; there is no opisthotic, but the other otic
bones are normally developed ; alisphenoids are present, but

‘coc psp oro pal v

770 spel PP asp ¢ pal 2

\ ASS NS rd 2 :

hoe = See : =e
€0C-" ~.sp0 lelh

Mastacembelus armatus, Skull from above, from the side, and
from below.

p, parietal; f, frontal ; , nasal; eth, mesethmoid ; /eth, lateral ethmoid ;
v, vomer; pal, palatine ; soc, supraoccipital; eoc, exoccipital; doe,
basioccipital; epo, epiotic; pto, pterotic; spo, sphenotic; pro,
proctic ; asp, alisphenoid; psp, parasphenoid.

there is no basisphenoid nor orbitosphenoid. The nasals are
very large, meet in the middle line, and are firmly united to
the upper edge of the mesethmoid, which forms a vertical
septum between the nasal cavities ; the preorbital is rather
large, articulates with the lateral ethmoid, and is attached to
the lower edge of the nasal; the suborbitals are unossified.
The hyo-palatine and opercular bones are all present, but

On a new Gerbil from British East Africa. 219

the palatine and pterygoid are very peculiar; the former is
an elongate narrow lamina which is firmly united to the
lower surface of the vomer and also to the mesethmoid, lateral
ethmoid, and parasphenoid ; the pterygoid is movably articu-
lated with the lateral ethmoid external to the palatine. The
branchial skeleton is percoid.

There is no post-temporal, and the supra-cleithrum is
attached by ligament to the third or fourth vertebra; the
hypercoracoid is perforate, the hypocoraeoid has a strong
post-coracoid process, and there is no mesocoracoid ; there are
4 radials, 2 on the hypercoracoid and 2 on the hypocoracoid.

The vertebre are numerous, 77 to 95 (34-44443-51) ;
the first centrum is convex, fitting into the concavity formed
by the basi- and exoccipitals ; the ribs are inserted on strong
parapophyses.

XXI—A new Gerbil from British East Africa.
By Guy DoLuMAN.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tatera phillipst umbrosa, subsp. n.

3. 497. Hot Springs, near Baringo.

6. 1372, 1384, 1395; 2. 1318, 1335, 1383, 1389, 1400.
Baringo (R. Kemp).

A dark-coloured race of Tatera phillipsi.

Size and proportions much as in phillipsi, head and body
dimensions rather greater. General colour of dorsal surface
very much darker than in the Somali form, the sandy colour
of that species is here hidden by a dark brownish wash.
Flanks rather lighter in colour, the buff tint more evident
than on the shoulders or back. Head and face very much
darker. Ears clothed with short dark hairs, the general
effect conspicuously different from the yellowish-buff ears of
phillipst. Backs of hands and feet rather thinly clad with
white hairs ; in the Somali form the feet are thickly covered
with snow-white hairs. Ventral surface of body white.
Tail dark brownish black above, paler in the basal portion ;
apical region dark brown. Under surface of tail dirty white,
tinted with buff.

Skull about equal in size to that of phdllipsi ; teeth a trifle
smaller.

220 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell— Descriptions and

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 135 mm.; tail 170; hind foot 32;
ear 18°5.

Skull: greatest length 38°6; basilar length 29°5 ;
condylo-incisive length 33°5; zygomatic breadth 19°6;
interorbital constriction 6°8 ; squamosal breadth of brain-
case 16°4; palatilar length 17°5; length of palatal fora-
mina 6°53; alveolar length of upper molar series 6 ; length of
upper molar series 5°5.

Hab. Baringo, British Kast Africa. Altitude 4000 feet.

Type. Old female. B.M. no. 10. 12.19.15. Original
number 1383. Collected by Mr. Robin Kemp on October
13th, 1910. Presented to the British Museum by Mr. C. D.
Rudd.

This Baringo gerbil appears most nearly related to the
Somali species, 7. phillipsz, as is clearly shown by the simi-
larity between the skulls of the two forms, ‘The external
colour-difference is however so marked that it is necessary
to consider the Baringo specimen as representing a distinct
dark-coloured race of philippst. In general colour this new
form most nearly approaches 7’. dundast, a species described
by Wroughton from Mt. Elgon; but umbrosa does not
appear to be in any way closely allied to the Elgon gerbil,
which is a very much larger animal, with a skull 45 mm. in
length.

X XIJ.—Descriptions and Records of Bees.—XUII.
By T. D. A. Cockrre i, University of Colorado.

Megachile cetera, sp. n.

9 —Length about 10} mm.

Black, with white and black hair, the broad abdomen
with distinct white hair-bands. In nearly all respects like
M. quinquelineata, Ckll., but the mesothorax and secutellum
are minutely and densely rugoso-punctate, the tegule are
rufo-fuscous, and the hair on the inner side of the tarsi is
clear ferruginous.

Hab. Nagambie, Victoria, 1910 (French)=type; Gipps-
land, Victoria (Froggatt); Sydney, N.S.W., one from
F. Smith’s collection, erroneously labelled M. maculata,
Smith ; near Cooma, N.S.W., Jan. 10, 1903 (Sed/ar).

The specimen from near Cooma has no black hair on

Records of Bees. 22

head and thorax above, but the pubescence is stained with
brown. It possibly represents a distinct race. All the
specimens, except that from Sydney, are from the Froggatt
collection.

Megachile glaberrima, Friese, appears to be very close to
M. quinqguelineata, Ckll.; both were taken by Turner at
flowers of heliotrope at Mackay. M.glaberrima differs from
quinquelineata in having the hair of head and thorax all
white, according to Friese’s account.

Megachile trichognatha tosticauda, subsp. n.

? —Length about 8 mm.

Agrees with M. trichognatha, except that it is smaller,
with the apical median clypeal elevation very small or
absent; the lower margin of the clypeus rather obscurely
crenulate ; the flagellum bright ferruginous beneath ; and
the punctures of upper part of head and thorax con-
spicuously larger. The ventral scopa is entirely white; the
fifth and sixth abdominal segments above, and the hind
margin of the fourth, are almost entirely covered with
fulyous hair; the tegument of the apical part of the abdo-
men is black, except the hind margin of the fifth segment,
which is narrowly red. Also close to M. eucalypti, Ckll.,
but smaller, with the antennz differently coloured, and not
so much of the abdomen fulvous-haired.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland, December 1910 (Turner).
British Museum.

Probably a distinct species, but so close to M. ¢tricho-
gnatha that, with only two specimens, and no male, I treat
it as a subspecies. Superficially, the insect looks lke an
unusually slender M. gilbertiella, Ck\l.

Megachile holura, sp. un.

3d .—Length about 9} mm.

Parallel-sided, black, with black and white hair, and a
large red apical hair-patch on abdomen; hair of head and
thorax long, white, but black on vertex, mesothorax, and
dise of scutellum ; head large but normal; clypeus normal,
very densely punctured ; antenne long and slender, entirely
black ; upper part of head dull and extremely densely punc-
tured, but there is a shining area laterad of each posterior
ocellus ; mesothorax and scutellum densely punctured ;
tegule black. Wings hyaline, with a brownish tint, nervures
dark ; recurrent nervures joining second s.m. near base and

222 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

apex, the distance the same in each case. Legs black,
anterior tarsi slender and simple. Abdomen closely punc-
tured, with white hair on first segment and apically at
sides of second, beyond which the hair is short and
black, except for the large apical orange-red patch, which
extends from the apical middle of the fourth segment,
covers the fifth except the sides, and thinly clothes the
middle of the sixth; tegument under the red patch black ;
sixth segment very broadly rounded but produced apically,
quite entire ; venter with white hair.

Hab. Rutherglen, Victoria, 1909 (French). From the
Froggatt collection, number 60. Froggatt’s 60 a, also
collected by French in 1909 at Rutherglen, is a female
M. trichognatha, Ckll. It happens, however, that the male
of trichognatha is known, and by the structure of the abdo-
men, especially, is quite distinct from M. holura.

M. holura is evidently close to M. canifrons, Smith,
differing apparently by the black hair on the head and thorax
above, and the greater extent of the apical red patch on the
abdomen. WM. canifrons occurs in Western Australia.

Megachile cincturata, sp. n.

? .—Length 13 mm.

Black, with short black hair, some white at sides of meta-
thorax, hair on upper side of first abdominal segment dense
and pure white, white also along the extreme base of second,
and on its basal two-thirds at sides, abruptly limited apicad ;
ventral scopa bright coppery red, blackish red on the last
segment and apex of penultimate one ; mandibles broad,
with two strong apical teeth and a long inner cutting-edge ;
face with short black hair, and some pale to the inner side
of bases of antennz; clypeus short and broad, rough,
wholly without keel, but supraclypeal area obtusely keeled ;
antenne black ; head and thorax above dull and roughened ;
cheeks much narrower than eyes, sharp-edged posteriorly ;
pleura strongly punctured ; tegule black ; upper wings and
apical part of lower very dark fuliginous, strongly violaceous ;
legs black, hair on hind tarsi very dark reddish.

¢ .—Length about 94 mm.

Similar to the female ; between the antennz is a large
bunch of white hair, directed upwards ; at the sides of the
face the hair is white, overlapped in the middle by black ;
the lower margin of the clypeus carries a long thick fringe
of white hair; lower part of cheeks with long white hair ;
on the abdomen, the first segment is densely white-haired

Records of Bees. 223

at sides and above, the second has a dense white lateral
apical band, the third has a trace at sides, arid there are
three ventral white hair-bands ; clypeus densely punctured,
with a rudimentary keel (smooth line) ; antennz long and
slender ; punctures of disc of mesothorax evidently separated ;
sixth abdominal segment broadly rounded, slightly emargi-
nate, with a deep median pit; anterior coxe with small
protuberances; anterior tarsi simple; middle tarsi with
ochreous hair.

Hab. Cape York, Queensland, 1909 (Froggatt, 40 and 41).
The female is the type.

This species, which is extremely like Celiozys weinlandi,
Schulz, in appearance (this Cwlioxys further approaches the
Megachile in having hairless eyes), is evidently related to
M. biroi, Friese, but diroi has the clypeus keeled in the
female. It is also near M. lachesis, Smith, but smaller, and
the abdomen (without a keel on the sixth segment in the
male) differs considerably from that of lachesis.

Megachile fuscitarsis, sp. n.

3 .—Length about 14 mm.

With parallel-sided abdomen ; black, including legs and
antenne ; hair of face and front light yellow,’ long and
dense ; hair otherwise rather dull white, with a good deal
of black dorsally, that of vertex black, but of occiput white,
of mesothorax mixed with black, of scutellum nearly all
black ; eyes large, reddish brown; vertex shining, well
punctured ; mesothorax and scutellum dull, densely punc-
tured; tegule piceous. Wings strongly suffused with
brown, the anterior wings very dark, especially in the
costal and apical regions; b. n. falling far short of t.-m. ;
first r. n. entering the extreme basal corner of second s.m.
Legs with white and black hair, reddish on inner side of
hind tarsi ; middle tarsi with an extremely long posterior
fringe, the upper part of which is nearly all black, the lower
(apicad) glittering yellowish white; anterior cox with
very large spines; anterior basitarsi expanded into an
enormous flattened structure, which is dark brown or black,
with much white hair on the outer side, and has posteriorly
a long, thick, black fringe, the base of which has a fringe of
short white hair. Abdomen shining, well punctured, with
greyish-white hair on first segment and basal part of second,
lateral white frmges on the second and third, with a rudi-
ment on the fourth, and greyish-white tomentum (with long
black hairs intermixed) about the middle of the fifth and

ODA. Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

sixth; dises of third and fourth segments, and sides of fifth,
with black hair, the same also on apical part of second and
at sides of sixth; sixth segment broadly truncate, with a
strong median apical spine; ventral segments with white
appressed hair and white fringes.

Hab, Queensland, Sept. 1900 (C. F., Turner collection).
British Museum. Exact locality unknown.

Related to M. vestitor and M. fabricator. Known from
M. vestitor, Ckll., by the much darker wings, the yellow hair
of face, black flagellum, &c.; from MM. fabricator, Sm., by
the character of the anterior legs.

Exoneura angophore, sp. 0.

? —Length about 6} mm.

Black, with deep ferruginous abdomen and legs; clypeus
with a longitudinal pale yellowish line or band; a barely
visible transverse supraclypeal line; each side of face with
a small pale yellow mark, which may be absent; clypeus
with exceedingly fine scattered punctures; labrum very
dark reddish, mandibles almost black; scape obscurely dark
reddish in front. Legs black basally ; outer side of hind
tibiz and tarsi with coarse black hair; tegule very dark
rufo-piceous. Wings moderately dusky, much less reddened
than in E. bicolor. Abdomen without dark spots, but first
segment more or less blackish in middle ; apical two seg-
ments dull, microscopically tessellate, and punctured ;
tubercles dark, fringed with white hair.

Hab. Sydney, New South Wales, at flowers of Ango-
phora, Nov. 24, 1910 (Froggatt, 109).

Allied to £. bicolor, Smith, but separated by the colour of
the wings, and especially the abundant black hair on the
hind legs.

Exoneura froggatti, Friese, was also taken at Angophora
flowers at Sydney, Dec. 1, 1910 (Froggatt, 108).

Exoneura ploratula, sp. n.

9? .—Length about 44 mm. ; anterior wing about 33.

Head, thorax, and abdomen entirely black, the face with-
out light markings; legs chestnut-red, the anterior femora
black except at apex, but the others clear red; antennz
black, the scape red in front. Wings yellowish hyaline,
not dusky, nervures light ferruginous, the large stigma dark
red, second s.m. somewhat longer below than high; tibial
scopa of hind legs pale yellow; last two abdominal segments
dull,

—E—EOEeEeEeEeEeEeEEEEEE——=

Records of Bees. 225

Hab. Sydney, New South Wales, at flowers of Angophora,
Dec. 1, 1910 (Froggatt, 116).

Resembles E. froggatti in its small size and dark face ;
E. botanica, Ckll., in its small size and black abdomen.

Trigona angophora, sp. 0.

Worker.—Length about 44 mm.

Intense black, without light markings; flagellum ferrugi-
nous beneath; labrum and mandibles black, the latter
reddened at apex, which has a very broad cutting-edge, and
mesad of this two small but strong triangular teeth, being
thus essentially tridentate ; antennal sockets and extreme
base of scape testaceous; face with a very fine pale
pruinosity due to minute hairs; pleura with greyish-white
hair; mesothorax and scutellum shining, with rather coarse
erect black hair. Wings blackish translucent, with dark
stigma and nervures. Abdomen short and broad, shining.
Legs with black hair.

Hab. Sydney, New South Wales, at flowers of <dAngo-
phora, Dec. 1, 1910 (Froggatt, 118).

Related to 7. diroi, Friese, but larger. It is distinguished
from T. carbonaria, Sm., by the blackish wings, the face
narrower below, &c. In typical cardonaria the scutellum
is fringed with pale pubescence, but, unless I have confused
two species under this name, this character is not constant.

ParasPHEcopDEs, Smith.
The species now described may be separated as follows :—

Thorax above with fulvous moss-like hair. bryotrichus, Ckll.
Thorax above without such hair ...... gl
1. Sides of metathoracie truncation above

with atooth-like projection .......... microdontus, Ckll.
Sides of truncation without such a pro-
eR MCMR aS a cigs axe slaps wwe ole ve © 2.
2. Males; abdomen black beyond the third
Pee Geta. Nore ofa ews aps eye 8 ds 3.
Females; abdomen with the apical part
ERMC REGOTSIN So ceca sees acca eeesess 4,

3. Larger; mesothorax rather coarsely punc-
tured ; area of metathorax plicate .... Aybodinus, Ckll.
Smaller; mesothorax very minutely punc-

tured ; area of metathorax reticulate .. recantans, Ckll.
4. Smaller; tegule rufo-fuscous ........ speculiferus, Ckll.
Larger ; tegulz piceous .............. speculiferus, Ckll., var. a.

Parasphecodes bryotrichus, sp. n.

2? .—Length about 85 mm.
Head and thorax black; abdomen pale red, the last

226 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

segment suffused with blackish ; femora at apex, and tibiz
except some dark markings, red, tarsi dark reddish ; middle
of mandibles broadly and lower part of clypeus red.
Superficially, this looks exactly like P. basilautus, Ckll.,
except that the hair on scutellum and adjacent parts is not
so dense, and therefore does not appear as a light spot or
patch. The species is very close to P. basilautus, differing
by the darker legs, with fuscous hair on the outer side of
middle and hind tibie and tarsi. There is a large tuft of
long light hair on the upper part of the metathoracic trun-
cation. Flagellum entirely dark.

Hab. Cheltenham, Victoria, 1909 (French); from the
Froggatt collection, no. 83.

The name of the locality, in this and some other instances,
is misspelled on the label; I am able to make the necessary
corrections from an accurate list of localities kindly supplied
by Professor Froggatt. In my table of Smith’s species
(Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., Sept. 1904) this runs perhaps
nearest to P. taluchis, but the wings are only slightly
yellowish, and the large metathoracic area has only very
delicate irregular wrinkles, mainly confined to the base,
except a single median one. P. ¢aluchis is also smaller and
otherwise different.

Parasphecodes microdontus, sp. n.

¢ .—Length 8 mm. (but abdomen of type much re-
tracted).

Robust ; head, thorax, legs, and antenne black ; abdomen
dark chestnut-red, nearly uniform in colour; head and
thorax with hair rather abundant, pale dull greyish, very
obscurely brownish-tinted dorsally; mandibles dark ; clypeus
shining, with large scattered punctures; middle of front
dull and granular; mesothorax shining, but finely and
quite closely punctured ; middle of scutellum shining, with
the punctures well separated; area of metathorax not
defined, very irregularly roughened and wrinkled, with
some oblique more regular striz basally at the sides ;
posterior truncation sharply defined above and at the sides,
and having a tooth-like marginal projection near each upper
corner; tegule very dark reddish. Wings dusky trans-
lucent, a little reddish; stigma and nervures ferruginous ;
first r. n. entering basal corner of third s.m., third t.-c. and
second r. n. much weakened. Hair of legs pale yellowish,
more or less fuscous on outer side of tibize, pale orange on
inner side of tarsi; hind spur simple. Abdomen very
finely punctured, without lateral hair-patches.

Records of Bees. 227

Hab. Melbourne, Victoria, Aug. 1900 (C. F., Turner
collection). British Museum.

In the table in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1910, p. 243, this
runs nearest to P. froggatti, of which only the male is known.
It can hardly be that species, however, on account of the
weakened outer nervures. In the table of Smith’s species
it runs nearest to P. tilachus, Sm., but that has the thorax
coarsely punctured, the abdomen black apically, &ce.

Parasphecodes hybodinus, sp. n.

3d .—Length about 10 mm.

Robust for a male; head, thorax, legs, and antennz
black, the tarsi very dark brownish ; clypeus with a large
transverse pale yellow patch, having a triangular median
tooth-like projection, and smaller lateral ones, the outline
not unlike that of a Hybodus tooth ; hair of head and thorax
entirely white, the same colour above as below; mandibles
black ; clypeus shining, with large punctures; front dull;
mesothorax and scutellum closely, rather strongly punc-
tured; area of metathorax well-defined, longitudinally
plicate ; posterior truncation hardly or not defined laterally,
its surface hairy; tegule large, punctured, dark basally,
otherwise light rufous. Wings long, dusky translucent,
somewhat reddish; stigma and nervures dark ferruginons ;
first r. n. meeting second t.-c.; outer nervures hardly
weakened; b.n. strongly arched, meeting t.-m., but on outer
(apicad) side. Abdomen shining, very distinctly punctured,
first three segments (except apex of third) bright chestnut-
red, beyond “this the segments are black, with the hind
margins dark brown. The anterior knees are red.

Hab. Windsor, Victoria, 1909 (French), Froggatt col-
lection, no. 98.

In the table of Smith’s species this runs to P. hilactus,
Sm., differing at once by the dark legs. In the table in
Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. it runs near P. froggatti, differing by the
darker legs, ferruginous stigma, &c., and P. vulneratus,
which is smaller, with more finely punctured thorax.

Parasphecodes recantans, sp. n.

6 —Length 8 mm. or a little less.

Rather slender ; head and thorax black, with quite
abundant greyish-white hair, the same colour above as below ;
antennee very long, black, the flagellum obscurely brownish
beneath ; clypeus with about the apical half and a median
upwardly directed lobe light yellow ; labrum ferruginous ;

228 Descriptions and Records of Bees.

mandibles light yellow in middle ; mesothorax and scutellum
very miuutely and densely punctured ; tubercles partly red ;
area of metathorax not defined, with a rather strong,
irregular, finely reticulate sculpture ; posterior truncation
dull and hairy; tegule pale testaceous. Wings dusky
translucent; stigma and nervures dark rufous ; first r. n.
meeting second t.-c.; outer nervures hardly weakened ;
femora black, with the knees, and more or less of a stripe
above, red; tibize red, the middle pair broadly dusky in
middle, the hind ones dusky except at base and apex, be-
coming black in front ; tarsi clear ferruginous. Abdomen
very finely punctured, the first three segments (except apex
of third) bright chestnut-red, beyond that black.

Hab. Victoria, Feb. 1901 (C. F., Turner collection).
British Museum.

In the table of Smith’s species this runs to the vicinity
of P. stuchila, Sm., which has the area of metathorax well
defined, the basal half of first abdominal segment black,
and the wings clouded at apex. I had taken this for the
male of P. speculiferus, until I saw the entirely different
truncation of metathorax.

Parasphecodes speculiferus, sp. n.

? .—Length 8 mm. or rather less.

Head, thorax, mandibles, antenne, and legs black, the
flagellum with a very faint reddish tint beneath toward
apex; hair of head and thorax dull white, with a faint
ochreous tint dorsally; head broad; clypeus with strong
punctures ; mesothorax and scutellum dull, with excessively
dense minute punctures ; area of metathorax poorly defined,
the basal three-fifths covered with delicate longitudinal
strie, the apical part smooth; metathoracic truncation
heart-shaped, well defined, its upper corners broadly rounded,
not prominent, its surface smooth and brilliantly shining,
with a median groove in which is some long hair; tegule
dark rich castaneous, with the anterior margin pallid.
Wings dusky translucent, the apex a trifle darker; stigma
and nervures dark rufous; first r. n. meeting second t.-c. ;
outer nervures somewhat weakened ; hair on outer side of
hind tibia and basitarsus dark fuscous ; middle femur with
a brush of light orange hair beneath near base. Abdomen
dark castaneous, very finely punctured, more or less blackish
apically.

Hab. Victoria, Feb. 1901 (C. F., Turner collection). .
British Museum.

On new Solifuge and Pedipalpi. 229

In the character of the sculpture of area of metathorax
resembles P. melbournensis, Ckll., but that is larger, with
the upper lateral corners of metathoracic truncation pro-
minent, the pubescence pale fulvous, &c. In the table of
Smith’s species it runs to 3, and does not go into any of
the divisions. P. tilachus differs from it at once by the
coarsely punctured thorax, P. lacthius by the flagellum
fulvo-testaceous beneath, P. taluchis by the strongly
yellowish wings, P. hiltacus by the clear wings and rufo-

testaceous tegule.

Parasphecodes speculiferus, var. a.
? .—Almost 9 mm. long.
Tegule piceous, narrowly whitish in front.
Hab. Sydney, N.S.W., at flowers of Angophora, Dec. 1,

1910 (Froggatt, 105).
I had at first put this aside as distinct, but it has no

satisfactory characters.

XXIII.—Deserintions of new Arachnids of the Orders
Solifuge and Pedipalpt. By 8. Hirsr.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

In the present note four new species of Solifuge and a new
pedipalp are described ; two other species which I described
in earlier papers are commented upon also. ‘l'wo of the new
species of Solifugee seem to me to be of especial interest :
one of them belongs to the subgenus Galeodopsis, Birula—a
subgenus which can be recognized from all other Galeodide
by the presence of two pairs of spines on the second segment
of the fourth leg. Hitherto Galeodopsis was only known to
occur in South-east Persia. ‘The new species is from Tripoli,
North Africa. The other interesting new species belongs to
the genus Othoes, which I founded in February 1911 for a
very peculiar Galeodid found in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.
Unfortunately the locality of this second species of the genus
is not known.

Galeodes ( Galeodopsis) tripolitanus, sp. n.

Closely allied to Galeodes (Galeodopsis) cyrus, Poc., but
differing from tliat species as follows :—
Flagellum very different in shape, the blade being much

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. ix. 16

230 Mr. S. Hirst on

wider. In G@. tripolitanus the blade is distinctly longer than
the stalk of the flagellum, but in G. cyrus it is very much
longer than the stalk (figs. 1 & 2).

Fig. 1. Fig. 2.
a
5 lie ee
Zoe
Fig. 1.—Galeodes (Galeodopsis) tripolitanus, sp. n., g. Side view of
flagellum.

e
Q

ig. 2.—Ditto of G. (G.) cyrus, Poe.

Palp.—Strong spiniform bristles of tibia distinctly longer
than those of G. cyrus. On the inner side of the ventral
surface of the metatarsus there are five spines, three of them
being strong and slightly longer than the height of the
segment, the others a little shorter and much more slender ;
on the outer side there are only four spines, two of them
being strong ; cylindrical bristles of this segment very similar
to those which are present in G. cyrus.

Legs.—There is a slight difference in the appearance of the
setee on the ventral surface of the fourth leg; in the new
species these bristles are slightly shorter and stouter than in
G. cyrus and dark in colour. [Armature of tarsi of legs
exactly the same as in G. cyrus ; middle segment of tarsus
of fourth leg with two pairs of spines, as in that species. ]

Colour yellow. Head-plate darkened in front, but not so
extensively as in G. cyrus. [The abdomen is much shrivelled,
but is yellowish and apparently without any dark band. ]
Chelicera pale yellow and without any dark stripes. Palp
similar in coloration to that of G. cyrus, the tibia, meta-
tarsus, and tarsus being infuscate; the tibia, however, is
only deep brown, whilst the metatarsus is black. Legs
yellow throughout their length.

Measurements in mm.—Total length 30; width of head-
plate 8; length of tibia of palp 21:5, of its metatarsus 15:5.

Material—A single specimen of the male sex (in bad
condition) ; collected by Mr. J. J. 8S. Whitaker at Wadi
Agarib, just N.W. of Sokna, Tripoli, July 3rd, 1901.

Note-—Dr. A. Birula gives a detailed description (Bull.
Ac. Se. St. Petersburg, (5) xxii. p. 262, figs. 1-3, 1905) of
a Persian species of Galeodopsis which he considers to be
G. cyrus, Poe. According to his description and figure, the

new Solifuge and Pedipalpi. 231

flagellum of his specimen differs considerably in shape from
that of the real G. cyrus, however, and is ‘much more like
the flagellum of G. trepolitanus, sp.n. Although very closely
allied both to G. cyrus and G. tripolitanus, I think that
Birula’s species should be regarded as distinct, and I propose
the new specific name bdiru/e for it.

Genus OTHOES, Hirst.

This genus can be easily distinguished from Galeodes by
the much greater length of the terminal part of the claws of
the posterior legs. Moreover, the ventral surface of the tibia
and metatarsus of the palp is only furnished with fine hairs,
spines and strong bristles being entirely absent. Owing to
the similarity in the length of their appendages and of the
coloration of the palp the species of this genus present a
considerable superficial resemblance to those of Galeodopsis
(subgen. of Galeodes), but they differ from them in a number
of very important structural characters. The stigmata of the
second and third abdominal segments are pectinate above
and the basal portion of the claws is hairy in Othoes, as in

all other Galeodide.

Othoes vittatus, sp. n.

Colour.—Head-plate brown, with a yellowish central
streak ; ocular tubercle black, but it has a pale narrow line
in the middle. Dorsal surface of thoracic segments and the
tergites of the abdomen deep brown; the sides and ventral
surface of the abdomen yellow. Chelicera marked above with
three rather narrow brown stripes. Palp very similar in
coloration to that of O. flowert, the tibia and metatarsus
being black and the tarsus also rather strongly infuscated.
Legs yellowish.

The difference in structure between this new species and
O. floweri is not very great. The following is a comparison
between them :—

Armature of chelicera almost exactly as in O. flower?, the
only difference being that a minute tooth is present between
the two distal teeth in the new species.

Palp resembling that of O. flowert very closely both in
structure and proportions.

Legs.—Tarsi of legs of second pair armed with the same
number of spines as in O. floweri, and the tarsal armature of
the legs of the fourth pair is also exactly similar in these
two species. Tarsus of third leg with | Lit Are a7” [2]

16

232 Mr. S. Hirst on

spines. [Only one of the legs of the third pair of my
specimen remains, the other having been broken off, so that
this formula needs confirmation.] Metatarsus of fourth leg
Jacking the most proximal of the three unpaired spines
which are present in O. flower.

Measurements *r mm.—Length of trunk 24; width of
head-plate 6 ; length of tibia of palp 11, of metatarsus of
palp 7°25, of fourth leg 44°25.

Material.—A single example, of the female sex, without
any locality.

Remarks.—Very closely allied to O. flowert, Hirst, from
which it differs chiefly in having the abdomen furnished
dorsally with a dark median band.

Solpuga pugilator, sp. n.

3. Chelicera.—Basal enlargement of flagellum low and
very different in shape to that of S. venator, Poc. Free
portion of flagellum arising above the second tooth (from the
distal end) ; it is long, but does not reach back nearly so far
as the base of the chelicera; near its distal end it has a
distinct lateral curvature, whilst the tip is more slender than

Fig. 8

Side view of flagellum and immovable finger of chelicera of
Solpuga pugilator, sp.n. A. Dorsal view of the flagellum.

the rest of the free portion of the flagellum and is sharply
pointed. Two minor teeth are present between the second
tooth from the distal end and the next large tooth, anda
single minor tooth between the two large teeth ‘of the movable
finger. On its inner side above, some distance in front of
the point at which the flagellum is attached, the immovable
finger has a minute denticle or granule ; its ‘terminal fang is
longer than is the case in S. venator (fi. >).

Palp. —Cylindrical bristles are present on the ventral

new Solifuge and Pedipalpi. 233

surface of the tibia, metatarsus, and tarsus, but they are most
numerous on the metatarsus.

? .—As in the male, the immovable finger of the chelicera
has two little teeth between the second and third large teeth,
and the movable finger a single little tooth between its two
large teeth.

Colour.—Head-plate reddish brown except for the ante-
rior margin and the ocular tubercle, which are black. Abdo-
minal tergites deep brown, the integument immediately
bordering them being black in the male but brown in the
female. Ventral surface of trunk yellow. Chelicera of male
reddish brown above and yellowish at the sides, that of the
female entirely yellowish. Palp and legs yellow; the
malleoli also yellow.

Measurements in mm.— fg. Length of trunk 32°53 width
of head-plate 8°75; length of palp 40, of its tibia 12°75, of
its metatarsus 10°25, of fourth leg 56°25. 9. Length of
trunk 34; width of head-plate 9; length of palp 29, of its
tibia 9, of its metatarsus 8, of fourth leg 43°5.

Material—A male (the type) and a female labelled
“ Zoutpansberg, Transvaal (J. P. Cregoe).”

Solpuga fordi, Hirst.
Solpuga fordi, Hirst, Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xx. p. 38, figs. 5a,
5 6, 5c (1907).

Material.—Besides the types (from Lake Baringo) there
are specimens of both sexes of this species in the British
Museum collection, obtained by a Mr. Simonin Uganda, and
also a male specimen labelled ‘* Aios, November 1901.”

Remarks.—Vhis Solpuga is slightly reddish yellow in
colour, and the anterior margin of its head-plate has a dark
narrow line; the tergites are deep brown in both sexes, and
the integument bordering them laterally is dark grey (in the
female only ?); ventral surface yellowish. In both sexes
two minute teeth are present between the second tooth from
the distal end and the next large tooth of the immovable
finger of the chelicera, whilst a single minute tooth is placed
between the two large teeth of the movable finger.

Karschia tibetana, Hirst.
Karschia tibetana, Hirst, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xix. p. 322,
figs. 1 & 2 (1907).

Material.— Some time after describing this species a
number of additional specimens of both sexes from Kamba

234 Mr. 8. Hirst on

Djong, Tibet, were handed over to me. The types were
collected at Gyantse.

Remarks.—In my description I mention the fact that a
little denticle is present on the flagellum at some distance
from its distal.end. ‘This denticle is very minute and in-
conspicuous, however; it is drawn too large in the figure.
In the female there are usually only two minor teeth between
the two large teeth of the movable finger, but sometimes
three are present; one or two of the smaller teeth of the
immovable finger shown in my figure are absent in some
female examples but present in others.

Eremobates audax, sp. ni.

3. Chelicera—Immovable finger with a small but distinct
elevation close to the basal end above; ventrally it has a
longitudinal groove. On each side of the vertical part of the
chelicera there is a row of three or four teeth, the uppermost
tooth being the largest. Movable finger with the dentition
apparently precisely similar to that of . afinis, Krpln. (as
figured by Kraepelin in ‘ Das Tierreich’), a small sharply
pointed tooth being present on the anterior side of the principal
tooth and another low but elongated tooth situated a little
distance in front of it (fig. 4).

Fig. 4.

tae

Side view of chelicera of Eremobates audaz, sp. n., ¢.

Palp.—Distal half of femur with a number of spiniform
bristles on the inner side. On the inner side of the tibia
below there is present a row of about 5-6 spiniform bristles,
two of which are larger than the others, and a little to the
outer side of these bristles there is another row of about the
same number of very much weaker and shorter spines
(bristles) ; numerous fine cylindrical bristles are also present
on the lower surface of the tibia, but they are not so nume-
rous at its proximal end as on the rest of its yentral surface.
Metatarsus and tarsus without either spines or strong spini-
form bristles, but they are furnished ventrally throughout

new Solifuge and Pedipalpi. 235

their length with very numerous slender cylindrical bristles.
Papille are absent.

Legs.—Metatarsus of fourth lez armed with a row of six
spines on the inner side of its ventral surface, and also with
an apical spine.

Colour.—Head-plate rather deep brown, but with an
indistinct central yellowish stieak ; ventral surface of cephalo-
thorax yellow. Abdomen rather dark brown above, the
tergites being very dark ; its ventral surface is paler. Cheli-
cera dark yellowish to pale brown in tint. Femur of palp
yellowish except at the distal end, which is dark brown ;
tibia, metatarsus, and tarsus of palp deep brown throughout
their length above. Proximal segments of legs and the
malleoli yellow ; femora of anterior legs brown at the distal
end only ; the posterior legs have this segment deep brown
distally for more than half its length ; tibize of anterior legs
only slightly darkened, but those of the posterior legs are
deep brown throughout their length ; metatarsi of posterior
legs brown at the proximal end; tarsi yellowish throughout.

Measurements in mm.—Length of trunk 19, of tibia of
palp 9°75, of metatarsus of palp 7; width of head-plate
about 5°75.

Material—An adult male example (the type) and an
immature example from Mexico (Fry Coll.). Both these
specimens are dry and pinned.

Riemarks.—Closely allied to HE. affinis, Krpln., and to
E. girardi, Putnam (both of which are found in Arkansas).
‘The new species differs from the former in the coloration of
its appendages and from the latter in the dentition of the
movable finger of the chelicera.

Mastigoproctus formidabilis, sp. n.

gd. First sternite marked with a pair of very shallow
impressions and with a little median impression near the
posterior margin also; it is furnished with transverse ridges
and granules at the sides and is transversely striate in the
middle, except posteriorly, where it is finely punctured.
Second sternite very coarsely punctured at the sides and with
the usual raised area in the middle. Third sternite with
distinct punctures and striz. Remaining sternites smooth »
and polished ; they have only a very indistinct sculpturing
of fine irregular lines, and are furnished with very fine but
distinct punctures ; close to the lateral margins a few minute
granules are present.

Ommatidia minute and oval in shape, like those of

236 On new Solifuge and Pedipalpi.

M. giganteus, Lucas. Fang of chelicera very similar in shape
to that of AZ. giganteus.

Palp much more slender than that of Mf. mazimus,
Tarnani, especially the tibia and hand, the latter being a
little less than twice as long as wide. ‘Trochanter not very
strongly wrinkled and granular above; it has five spines
above, the outermost one being much the longest (fig. 5) ;

Fig. 5.

Fig. €.

Fig. 5.—Mastigoproctus formidabilis, sp. n., ¢. Inner margin of
trochanter of chela.
Fig. 6.—Ditto, 9.—Inner margin of trochanter of chela.

the two spines of the ventral surface are well developed, the
outer being much the longer. Femur shining and smooth
above, except for some granules towards the inner side; the
punctures are fine above, but below they are larger and more
distinct. ‘Tibia and hand also smooth and polished; the
punctures are quite fine and rather sparse on these segments ;
those on the hand, however, are slightly more distinct than
those on the tibia. Tibial apophysis very long and rather
slender. A distinct excavation is present at the base of the
edge of the immovable finger of the hand, and a slightly
enlarged conical granule at the base of the edge of the
movable finger. A rather large and sharply pointed tooth is

laced on the ventral surface of the hand near to the point
of attachment of the movable finger.

9. Palp with its segments less elongate and more
distinctly punctured than is the case in the male; its tro-
chanter has six spines above, but the additional (outer) spine
is minute and is situated at a little distance from the others;
the spine of the angle is the longest, its length being slightly
greater than that of the larger of the two outer spines (fig. 6).
Immovable finger of normal shape.

Legs.—Second segment of tarsus of first leg longer than
the third, instead of being shorter than it, as is the case in

On new Species of Cerithium, &e. 237

M. proscorpio, Latr. A spine is present below at the distal
end of the tibize of the third and fourth legs.

Colour.— Trunk dark brown above; its ventral surface is
usually a little paler, and the coxz of the legs and the middle
part of the first sternite are reddish. Palp dark brown.
Proximal segments of legs, including the femora, rather dark
brown or dark reddish brown above ; the distal segments
reddish.

Measurements in mm.—Length of trunk 55:5, of cara-
pace 22°5.

Material.—Ahout forty specimens, including numerous
adults of both sexes ; collected by Mr. Briceno at La Polonia,
Venezuela.

Remarks.—The male of this species can easily be recog-
nized from that of the other described species of the genus
Mastigoproctus by the shape of the immovable finger of the

hand, &c.

XXIV.—Descriptions of new Species of Cerithium, Clanculus,
and Soletellina. By G. B. Sowersy, F.L.S.

Cerithium vignali, sp. n. (Fig. 1.)

Testa elongato-turrita, alba, plus minusve pallide fulvo tincta vel
strigata; anfractus 13, planato convexi, costis numerosis tri-
nodulosis longitudinaliter muniti, spiraliter tri-lirati et multi-
striati; anfractus ultimus subquadratus, 4 longitudinis teste
eequans, haud rostratus, spiraliter sex-liratus, uni-varicosus ;
apertura oblique ovata; labrum crenulatum, extus varicosum ;
columella arcuata, levis, postice uni-lirata; canalis perbrevis.

Long. 36, lat. 11 mm.
Hab. New Caledonia.

A long, narrow, white shell, more or less faintly tinged and
streaked between the numerous longitudinal ribs with light
brown. ‘The ribs are pretty equally trinodulose, terminating
abruptly at the top of the whorls. The whorls (excepting
the last) are three-ridged and all are spirally striated, the
last having six ridges, of which the three basal ones are
more sharply raised than the others. —

This species has been compared with C. armatum (Phil.),
from which it is readily distinguished ; the row of nodules
against the suture being rounded, scarcely larger than the

238 On new Species of Cerithium, &c.

other two rows, whereas in C. armatum they are much more
prominent and angular.

I have pleasure in dedicating this shell to Monsieur L.
Vignal, of Paris, who has made a special study of the
Cerithidee, and to whose judgment I submitted specimens
before venturing to describe the species as new.

Fig. 1.—Cerithium vignali Fig. 2.—Clanculus gibbonsi
(nat, size). (enlarged),

Clanculus gibbonsi, sp.n. (Fig. 2.)

Testa conico-globosa, anguste umbilicata, alba, maculis parvis
nigris, interdum confluentibus, conspersa; spira conica, elati-
uscula, convexiuscula; anfractus 5, convexiusculi, funiculis 4
creberrime granulosis cingulati; sutura canaliculata; anfractus
ultimus § altitudinis testee equans, ad peripheriam ‘angulatus,
funiculis 2 validis granosis munitus ; basis eonvexa, liris con-
centricis 7-9 minute granulosis nigro articulatis instructa,
area umbilicalis valde plicato callosa; apertura subrotundata,
leviter obliqua, intus albo-margaritacea, incrassata, valde lirata ;
columella irregulariter rugose plicata.

Alt. 9, lat. 8 mm.

Hab. Zanzibar.

In form the shell somewhat resembles that of C. scabrosus
(Phil.), but is much smaller, while the character of the colu-
mella and strongly plicate umbilical callus suggest an affinity
with C. gutnaicus, which is a much larger species and
very different in form.

Soletellina (Psammotea) gibbonsi, sp.n. (Fig. 3.)

Testa subovalis, fere equilateralis, paulo inflata, tenuis, sub epider-
mide purpurascens, concentrice irregulariter lirato rugata, sub lente
hic illic subtilissime oblique scalpturata ; margo dorsalis anticus
declivis, leviter conyexus,. posticus convexe subtruncatus ; latus

On a new Genus of Opossums. 239
anticus rotundatum, posticus suboblique curvatum ; margo ven-
tralis leviter arcuatus; umbones depressi, approximati; liga-
mentum breviculum, elevatum, pone umbones situm. Pagina
interna purpurea; impressiones musculari subpyriformes; linea
pallii late arcuata; linea cardinalis antice tenuis, postice crassa.
Dentes cardinales in utraque valyarum duo, minuti.

Diam, antero-post. 22, umbono-marg. 13, crass. 7 mm.

fab. Zanzibar.

This shell somewhat resembles S. minor, Desh., from the
Philippines, but more oval in form and differing in other
respects.

Fig. 3.—Soletellina (Psammotea) gibbonsi.
Fig. 4.—Soletellina (Psammotea) brevis.

Soletellina (Psammotea) brevis, sp.n. (Fig. 4.)

Testa subovalis, levyissime obliqua, inequilateralis, depressiuscula,
albida purpureo radiata, concentrice leviter rugata; margo
dorsalis anticus declivis, leviter convexus, posticus brevior sub-
recto declivis; latus anticus rotundatum, posticum truncatum ;
margo ventralis arcuatus; umbones acuti, elatiusculi. Pagina
interna purpureo radiata; linea pallii late arcuata. Dentes
cardinales in utraque valyarum duo, minuti.

Diam. antero-post. 12, umbono-marg. 10, crass. 5 mm.

flab. Zanzibar.

The type specimen is prettily purple-rayed within and
without, but the species varies much in colour, some being
rayed only inside and others being dull white without rays.

XXV.—A new Genus of Opossums and a new Tuco-tuco.
By OLpFreLp THOMAS,

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

GLIRONIA, gen. nov. (Didelphitde),

General proportions of Marmosa. Ears narrower. Tail,
instead of being entirely naked beyond a short basal portion,

240 Mr. O. Thomas on

bushy to the tip, about as in Petaurus, the terminal three
inches below, however, naked, transversely wrinkled, very
much as in some of the smaller Phalangeride.

Skull essentially as in Marmosa, but tne muzzle longer
and lower; height from crown of anterior molariform tooth
to forehead little more than one-third the palatal length,
while it is about one-half in Marmosa. Nasals expanded
behind. Supraorbital ledges well developed, but not forming
angular postorbital processes.

Teeth generally as in Marmosa, but the incisors of different
proportions. J* but little longer than the others and less
than any of them in section; 2?* subequal, rather large, 7
smaller than they are. In Alarmosa, and indeed in all other
opossums, @° is either equal to or larger than the other lateral
incisors. Molars small, their shape about as in Philander,
the last one similarly broadly triangular, and not narrowly
as in Marmosa. Lower incisors more proclivous than usual
and the canine more upright, so that there is a greater gap
between their respective tips.

‘Type :—

Glironia venusta, sp. n.

A fawn-coloured opossum with striped face and bushy
white-tipped tail.

Size about as in the larger species of Marmosa. Fur soft
and velvety; hairs of back 7-8 mm. in length. General colour
above fawn, with something of the pink tone of ‘‘ écru drab”
init. Undersurface grey, the bases of the hairs slaty and
their tips greyish white, but on asmall patch on the chest the
hairs are white to the roots. Head with the maximum
development of the black~striped type of coloration, almost
equalling Dastechurus pennatus in this respect; the middle
line of the head from nose to occiput greyish white (hairs
slaty at base), bordered on each side by a broad black band
about half an inch in breadth starting on the side of the nose,
passing across the eyes and behind the ears, and ending about
level with the back of the skull. Ears naked, oval, nar-
rower than in Marmosa, a small greyish patch round their
posterior base. Hands and feet dull brownish white. Tail
cylindrical, bushy, tapering terminally, very like that of
Petaurus breviceps, the hairs 14-15 mm, in length halfway
down; grey like the body proximally, darker and browner
on the third quarter, and then abruptly changing to white on
the terminal fourth.

Skull and teeth as described above.

a new T'uco-tuco. 941

Dimensions of the type (measured by the collector in the
flesh) :—

Head and body 160 mm.,; tail 195; hind foot 27 ; ear 25.

Skull*: condylo-basal length 43:5; nasals, length 19°8,
middle breadth 3°4, posterior breadth 6:4; interorbital
breadth 7°1 ; breadth on supraorbital ridges 9°3; breadth of
brain-case (c.) 18; height of muzzle from alveolus of
secator 7 ; palatal length (c.) 28°5; breadth of palate between
outer corners of m® 11:5 ; combined length of three anterior
molariform teeth 7.

Hab. Pozuzo, Peru. Alt. 800 m.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 12.1.15.7. Original num-
ber 23. Collected April 1908 by L. Egg. Presented by
Oldfield Thomas.

This most beautiful little opossum represents quite a new
type in the family Didelphiide, and recalls some of the bushy-
tailed Australian Phalangeride.

Ctenomys talarum recessus, subsp. n.

Centre of face not blackened, the hairs there subterminally
ringed with drab, as on the rest of the animal. Under surface
with white pectoral and inguinal patches. ‘Tail comparatively
short, as in true talarum, not long as in C. t. antonii; its
colour drab, the narrow upper crest dark brown, the lower
white.

Skull as in talarum.

Dimensions of the type (measured on the spirit-specimen) :—

Head and body 155 mm.; tail 54; hind foot 26.

Skull: occipito-nasal length 383; condylo-incisive length
38:5; zygomatic breadth 22°5; nasals 12; interorbital
breadth 7°7 ; upper tooth-series (crowns) 7°8.

Hab. Bahia Blanca, Argentina.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 11. 11.19.14. Collected
by Emil Weiske. Presented by the Hon. N.C. Rothschild.
‘Two specimens.

This southern form of the Buenos Ayres Tuco-tuco has the
white axillary and inguinal patches of C. #. antonii, combined
with the short tail of true talarum, while in the absence of
blackening on the face and crownand the comparatively light
colour of the sides of the tail it differs from both of them.

* These dimensions must be taken with a little reserve, as the skull
has unfortunately been seriously affected by preservatives and is imperfect
in various details.

942 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

XX VI.— Descriptions of new Species of Pyralide of the Sub-
family Pyraustine. By Sir Grorce F. Hampson, Bart.,
BY. ZuS2, 00.

[Continued from p. 174.)
(8 a) Desmia stenoleuca, sp. n.

Antenne of male not excised but with scale teeth above
and below beyond middle.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen dark brown ; palpi white
at base; pectus white ; legs black and white ; abdomen with
the ventral surface white and with two white streaks on anal
segment above and below. Fore wing dark brown ; a white
medial bar from below costa to below the cell, its outer edge
slightly expanding in and below cell, a small white spot be-
yond it below vein 2 and a triangular spot on inner margin ;
a postmedial white bar from costa to vein 4, its outer edge
bidentate ; cilia white with a black line near base. Hind
wing dark brown; an oblique narrow wedge-shaped white
medial band from costa to vein | ; cilia white with a black
line near base.

Hab. W. Coromsta, Jiminez, 1 g type. xp. 26 mm.

(10a) Desmia melanopalis, sp. un.

diodes ploralis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 262 (part.), nee
Guen.

$. Black-brown; palpi white at base and whitish in
front; frons with lateral white lines; throat white; fore
tibiz at base and mid femora at extremity and the tarsi
white ; abdomen with white dorsal band on second segment,
theventral surface banded with white on basal half. Forewing
with white medial band from below costa to vein 1, expanding
in cell and with white point beyond it below vein 2; a lunu-
late white postmedial patch from below costa to below vein 4;
cilia with fine white line at base and white tips towards
tornus. Hind wing with oblique medial white band, nar-
rowing towards inner margin, confluent below costa with a
whitish streak above vein 6 emitting a slight semicircular
mark below vein 6 defining the outer edge of a round black
spot confluent below with the dark terminal area, the outer
edge of band irregular; cilia with fine white line at base and
white tips between veins 2 and 1.

Hab. Costa Rica, Candelaria Mts. (Underwood), 1 ¢ type,
Godman-Salvin Coll. Hap. 28mm.

Species of Pyralide. 243-

(10 b) Desmia lacrimalis, sp. n.

Hind wing of male with a slight fold from upper angle of
cell to termen, which is excised below apex.

é. Black-brown with a cupreous gloss; base of palpi and
throat white; tarsi white ; abdomen with slight subdorsal
white streaks on anal segment which is very long, the ventral
surface white. Fore wing with rather oblique medial white
band from subcostal nervure to vein 1 rounded above and
below ; a white patch beyond the cell from below costa to
vein 3, rounded above and below and slightly angled out-
wards at vein 4; cilia with a fine white line at base. Hind
wing with large medial white patch from upper angle of cell
to submedian fold, rather attenuate above and rounded below,
the fold with pale streak ; cilia whitish with a black line
through them.

Hab. Braztu (Trumbill), 1 3 type. Hvp. 34 mm.

(lla) Desmia geminipuncta, sp. n.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen black-brown, the last with
white segmental lines on medial segments and paired streaks
on anal segment; palpi white at base; pectus white; legs
black and white; ventral surface of abdomen white except
anal segment. Fore wing black-brown; a small medial
white spot in cell attenuate above, and small rather triangular
white spot below origin of vein 2; an oblique curved post-
medial white bar from vein 7 to 4. Hind wing black-brown ;
a white bar across end of cell and small white spot below end
of cell ; cilia white with a black line through them.

Hab. W. Coromsta, Jiminez, 1 ¢ type. Ezp. 30 mm.

(116) Desmia mortualis, sp. n.

Atdiodes intermicalis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. p. 261 (part.), nec
Guen.

6. Black-brown with a cupreous gloss ; palpi at base and
throat white; cox, bands on fore tibie at base and ex-
tremity, mid femora at extremity, hind femora at base and
extremity and the tarsi white ; abdomen with slight dorsal
segmental whitish lines, the ventral surface white. Fore
wing with narrow medial white bar from subcostal nervure
to submedian fold and postmedial patch between veins 7 and
3 with rather irregular outer edge. Hind wing with small
white spot in end of cell with bar from it to submedian fold
where it becomes obsolescent and ends in a point ; a small

244 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

spot beyond the cell between veins 6 and 4 with slight point
projecting from its lower extremity; cilia fuscous with fine
white line at base and whitish tips.

Hab. Guatemata, Vera Paz (Champion),1 g type. zp.
36 mm,

(llc) Desmia stenizonalis, sp. un.

Atdiodes intermicalis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii, p. 261 (part.),
nec Guen.

3. Dark brown ; palpi at base, pectus, and legs brownish
white, the tarsi whiter ; abdomen with the ventral surface
white. Fore wing with indistinct dark antemedial line from
cell to inner margin, a white bar at middle of cell almost
conjoined to a small triangular spot below the cell with
oblique dark line from its outer side to inner margin; a
white postmedial bar between veins 8 and 4 somewhat con-
stricted at middle and with dark line on its outer edge; a
fine white line at base of cilia. Hind wing with narrow
white band from below middle of costa to above tornus
where it narrows to a point, with dark line on its inner edge
and dark bar on its outer side beyond the cell ; cilia whitish
with a dark line through them.

? . Hind wing with white line on inner edge of the dark
line before the medial band from cell to inner margin,

Hab. Costa Rica, Candelaria Mts. (Underwood), 1 92,
Volcan de Atitlan (Champion), 1 9 ; Panama, Chiriqui
(Champion, Ribbe), 2 3 type, Godman-Salvin Coll. Ezp.
26 mm.

(ll d) Desmia deploralis, sp. un.

g. Black-brown ; palpiat base, pectus and ventral surface
of abdomen white ; fore tibize with white band at base; tarsi
white ; abdomen with dorsal grey bands on first two segments
- and bifureate white patch on anal segment. Fore wing with
bifid white spot in end of cell and submedian interspace ; a
white spot beyond the cell between veins 8 and 3, somewhat
angled outwards at vein 4 and acute at lower extremity; a
fine white line at base of cilia. Hind wing with white band
from vein 6 just beyond the cell to above tornus, expanding
into an elliptical patch beyond the cell, then narrowing to
a sinuous white line; a fine white line at base of cilia ; the
tornus lobed.

9. Abdomen with the bands on first two segments
whitish ; fore wing with a point beyond the lower antemedial
spot which is connected with inner margin by a bar ; hind

Species of Pyralidee. _ 245

wing with the band broad throughout and with a fine bi-
sinuate black line just before its outer edge from vein 2 to
above tornus,

Hab. Jamaica (Kaye), 1 2 ; Paracuay, Sapucay (Foster),
1g,12 type. Ezp. 28 mm.

(11 f) Desmia ruptilinealis, sp. n.

diodes intermicalis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Ffet. ii. p. 261 (part.),
nec Guen,

?. Dark brown with acupreous gloss ; palpi black, white
at base; throat white; fore tarsi whitish; abdomen ventrally
banded with white except at extremity. Fore wing with
small round antemedial white spot in cell; a medial white
spot in cell conjoined to an elliptical spot below the cell; a
postmedial white patch from vein 8 to below 4, attenuate
below and with irregular outer edge; cilia whitish at tips
above tornus. Hind wing with narrow white discoidal bar ;
a narrow line from origin of vein 2 to middle of inner
margin ; cilia with very slight white line at base.

Hab. Costa Rica, lrazu (Rogers), 1 2 type, Godman-Salvin
Coll. Ezp. 26 mm.

(12 a) Desmia tristigmalis, sp. n.

6. Brown with a slight cupreous gloss ; palpi at base,
throat at sides, tibiz, tarsi, and ventral surface of abdomen
yellowish white. Fore wing with quadrate antemedial white
spot in cell; a medial band from subcostal nervure to above
vein 1, expanding below the cell and rounded below ; a post-
medial patch from vein 8 to 5, its upper extremity rather
acute, its outer side somewhat expanding at vein 5, rounded
below ; a fine white line at base of cilia. Hind wing with
medial white band from below costa to above tornus, broad
above, its outer side expanding at vein 5, attenuate below ;
cilia whitish with a black line through them.

Hab. Ecuanor, Loja, 1 3g type. Erp. 22 mm.

(13 a) Desmia tenuizona, sp. n.

2. Head, thorax, and abdomen brown with a cupreous
gloss; palpi white in front except towards tips; tarsi whitish ;
abdomen with the ventral surface white. Fore wing brown
with a cupreous gloss ; a small antemedial white spot in cell ;
a medial quadrate white spot in cell conjoined to a spot
below the cell ; a rather conical white postmedial bar from
below costa to above vein 3; cilia white towards tornus.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. ix. 17

246 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

Hind wing brown with a cupreous gloss; a medial white
band, narrow towards costa, becoming linear towards inner
margin, its inner edge angled below costa, at median nervure
and vein ], its outer edge excurved below costa ; cilia with a
fine white line at base and white tips.

Hab. S.E. Perv, 8. Domingo (Ockenden), 1 ? type.
Exp, 24 mm.

(3) Atholix borneensis, sp. n.

6. Head and thorax black-brown with a cupreous tinge,
the tegule and patagia with patches of white; pectus
greyish ; fore tibizee with white band, the tarsi white ringed
with black ; abdomen fuscous brown with whitish dorsal
patches towards base and rings towards extremity, the ventral
surface white. Fore wing black-brown with a cupreous
tinge, the basal area variegated with white ; antemedial line
black, oblique, sinuous ; traces of a straight medial line; a
quadrate white spot beyond the slight black discoidal lunule
partly bisected by a brown streak and striga on upper edge ;
postmedia] line very indistinct, dark with small whitish spot
at costa, sinuous, at vein 3 retracted to lower angle of cell ;
cilia white with black patches at apex, middle, and tornus.
Hind wing cupreous black-brown; a small black discoidal
lunule ; postmedial line indistinct, dark and sinuous to vein
2, then retracted and white and oblique to inner margin ;
cilia with fine whitish line at base.

Hab. Borneo, Sarawak, Banting, 1 g type. Ezp.18 mm.

(2) Hyperectis apicalis, sp. n.

3. Hind wing without bladder-like vesicle below base of
costa.

Pure white ; medial part of palpi and extremity of fore
femora blackish. Fore wing with large rounded cupreous
black-brown patch on apical area extending from costa to
vein 3; wings semihyaline.

Hab. Ecuapor, Cachabé (Rosenberg), type in Coll.
Rothschild. Hep. 28 mm.

(2a) Ercta trichoneura, sp. n.
Pardomima novalis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii, p. 242 (nee
WIk.).
Hind wing of male on underside with fringe of hair on
extremity of vein 2.
¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen brown with a cupreous

Species of Pyralidee. 247

tinge; palpi blackish, white at base ; pectus, legs, and ventral
surface of abdomen white, the legs tinged with brown
above. Fore wing cupreous brown, the costal area fuscous ;
an obliquely curved fuscous antemedial line; an oblique
black discoidal bar ; postmedial line fuscous, bent inwards
below vein 3 to lower angle of cell, then slightly excurved
above vein 1; cilia whitish at tips. Hind wing cupreous
brown ; an indistinct dark postmedial line, bent inwards at
vein 3 to near angle of cell; cilia white at tips.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Ribbe), 1 9 type, Godman-Salvin
Coll. Exp, 24 mm.

(5) Ercta scotialis, sp. n.

6. Head, thorax, and abdomen black mixed with some
grey ; tarsi ringed fuscous and white. Fore wing grey suf-
fused with fuscous and irrorated with black; two black
discoidal points ; traces of a curved slightly waved post-
medial line ; a fine pale line at base of cilia. Hind wing
semihyaline white ; a strigiform black terminal line ; cilia
whitish with a blackish line through them ; the underside
with the costal area irrorated with brown, traces of a fuscous
discoidal point and postmedial line from costa to vein 5.

Hab. Masnonatanp, Salisbury (Marshall), 1 @ type.
Exp. 26 mm.

(5 a) Marasmia arealis, sp. nu.

Head and thorax whitish tinged with pale fulvous and
brown ; palpi brown, white at base; sides of frons with
black and white streaks; abdomen whitish tinged with
fulvous and with slight dorsal fuscous segmental lines on
terminal segments, the subterminal segment with oblique
black subdorsal streaks, the ventral surface white. Fore
wing pale ochreous, the costal area tinged with brown to
the postmedial line, the termen slightly tinged with brown;
an antemedial fuscous line bent inwards to costa; a black
discoidal bar; postmedial line fuscous, slightly curved from
costa to vein 2, then retracted to below angle of cell and
oblique to inner margin ; a rather diffused blackish terminal
line ; cilia whitish with a blackish line through them. Hind
wing pale ochreous ; a fuscous discoidal bar with oblique
line from it to inner margin near tornus; an oblique line
from costa beyond middle to tornus; a slightly diffused
black terminal line ; cilia whitish with a black line through
them.

A gfe

248 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

Hab. Seycueiurs, Mahé (B. Fletcher), 19; QueENSLAND,
Geraldton (Meek), 1 g type. Hzp. 16 mm.

(8a) Marasmia laticostalis, sp. n.

6. Head and thorax ochreous white tinged with red-
brown; palpi brown except at base; abdomen yellowish
white, faintly tinged with brown at extremity. Fore wing
ochreous white, the costal area and cell suffused with reddish
brown to postmedial line, the terminal area pale brown with
curved inner edge; antemedial line pale brown, curved; a
brown discoidal striga; postmedial line pale brown, nearly
straight to vein 4, then curved inwards to below end of cell
and erect to inner margin. Hind wing ochreous white, the
terminal area pale brown with evenly curved inner edge ;
postmedial line pale brown, straight to vein 3, then bent
inwards, and again stra*ght to inner margin.

Hab. Java, Arjuno (Doherty), 2 g type. Exp. 22 mm.

(56) Rhimphalea anoxantha, sp. n.

4. Head and thorax fuscous brown, the frons with
whitish bar above, the patagia whitish except at base, the
metathorax whitish ; palpi with yellowish-white hair in front
of first and second joints intersected by a dark streak at
middle; throat yellowish white, the pectus white ; abdomen
white with brown dorsal bar near base, the extremity tinged
with yellowish, the sides with black bars on two penultimate
segments, the anal tuft black. Fore wing black-brown with
a cupreous gloss; two slight yellowish-white streaks below
base of costa ; an oblique yellowish-white antenedial band
from cell to inner margin ; a wedge-shaped yellowish-white
spot in end of cell, a yellowish-white discoidal bar, and three
yellowish-white spots between lower angle of cell and inner
margin ; yellowish-white streaks beyond upper angle of cell
above and below vein 7 ; postmedial line yellowish white,
oblique and dentate on each side from costa to vein 5, then
excurved to vein 2 where it terminates; cilia with fine
whitish line at base. Hind wing yellowish white; some
blackish at base; a large blackish discoidal spot; a slight
postmedial line excurved between veins 5 and 2; terminal
area blackish, broad at costa, its inner edge excurved at
middle, and below vein 2 forming a wedge-shaped patch ;
cilia white at tips except towards apex.

Hab. Dutcu N. Guinea, Snow Mts., Up. Letchwa R.
(Meek), 1 3 type. Eap. 28 mm.

Species of Pyralide. 249

(4) Hyalea africalis, sp. un.

Orange ; palpi whitish towards base, the second joint above
and towards extremity and the base of maxillary palpi
blackish; legs streaked with white and fuscous; genital
tufts of male black. Fore wing with curved antemedial
blackish line, a small spot beyond it in cell, a discoidal line
and some suffusion beyond the cell before the postmedial line
which is incurved from costa to vein 5, then strongly ex-
curved to vein 2, then retracted to lower angle of cell and
slightly excurved again ; an indistinct subterminal series of
spots, the area beyond them suffused with fuscous expanding
on inner area. Hind wing with a fuscous mark at base; a
discoidal bar; the postmedial line incurved from costa to
vein 5, then bent outwards and minutely dentate to vein 2,
then retracted to lower angle of cell and oblique to near
tornus; an indistinct minutely dentate subterminal line
often with the area beyond it suffused with fuscous ; cilia of
both wings black at base, grey at tips.

Hab. 8. Nigeria, Old Calabar (Crompton), 1 g, 3 2,
Sapele (Sampson), 1 3 type, Warri (Roth), 1 9, Prince’s R.
(Cooper), 1 2. Hzp.30 mm.

(1a) Leucochroma jamaicensis, sp. v.

?. Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow mixed with white ;
pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white, the fore
tibize and tarsi banded with yellow. Fore wing white; the
costal area yellow ; two diffused yellow bands on basal area ;
quadrate yellow patches defined at sides by fuscous lines in
middle and end of cell and below middle of cell; a diffused
yellow postmedial band, excurved at middle and incurved
below vein 4; a diffused yellow subterminal band defined on
inner side by a faint fuscous line, excurved at middle; a
yellow terminal band defined on inner side by a slight waved
fuscous line ; cilia yellow at base, silvery white at tips.
Hind wing white; a yellow antemedial band defined by
slight fuscous lines from below costa to above inner margin,
attenuated at extremities ; a waved yellow postmedial band
defined on inner side by a fuscous line ; a maculate yellow
terminal band from apex to submedian fold, defined on inner
side by a faint waved fuscous line; cilia silvery white with
a slight yellow line near base.

Hub. Jamaica, Runaway Bay (MWalsingham), 1 2? type.
Exp. 18 mm.

250 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

(1b) Leucochroma colombiensis, sp. n.

@. Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow faintly tinged with
fuscous and mixed with some white; pectus and ventral
surface of abdomen white. Fore wing white with yellow
markings slightly irrorated with fuscous, the costa fuscous
towards base ; a yellow patch at base not extending to inner
margin ; an ill-defined antemedial band angled outwards at
inedian nervure and vein 1; rounded patches in and below
middle of cell, a rather quadrate discoidal patch with its
upper and lower extremities produced, and a round spot
below base of vein 2; a black point below vein 3 beyond end
of cell; a very ill-defined diffused oblique yellow postmedial
band expanding into a large patch at middle; a slight macu-
late white terminal band defined on inner side by faint
fuscous striz. Hind wing semihyaline white; an elliptical
yellow discoidal patch; a faint diffused fuscous subterminal
band, incurved at discal fold and ending on termen at vein 1;
a slight white terminal band from apex to vein 1, faintly
defined on inner side by fuscous and with a series of slight
fuscons points on termen.

Hab. W. Cotomsia, Jiminez, 1 ? type. Hap. 26 mm.

(3) Leucochroma peruvensis, sp. n.

3g. Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow and white mixed ;
tegule orange ; palpi white, the second joint with yellow
rings at base aud extremity ; pectus and ventral surface of
abdomen white ; fore tibiz yellow, white at extremity. Fore
wing silvery white; an orange-yellow fascia below base of
costa and subbasal patch below the cell; a yellow patch in
middle of cell produced above as a streak below costa and
with yellow striga below it in submedian interspace ; an
oblique band from below costa at end of cell to inner margin
with a fascia from it in discal fold to the postmedial line,
which is obliquely incurved from costa to below vein 4 near
termen, then bent inwards to inner margin, above which it
expands into a patch; a semicircular orange-yellow patch
just before termen from below apex to below vein 4; two
slight reddish marks on termen below apex; cilia yellow at
base, white at tips. Hind wing silvery white; a curved
orange-yellow medial band from below costa to above inner
margin; an oblique lunulate patch beyond the cell from
below costa to vein 3; a subterminal orange band,*expanding
towards costa, narrow and excurved at middle, and ending
on termen at vein 1; cilia yellow at base, white at tips.

Hab. EB, Perv, Pozuzo, 1 ¢ type. Exp. 22 mm.

Species of Pyralide. 251

(4) Leucochroma trinitensis, sp. n.

9. Head and tegule yellow; thorax and abdomen white,
the latter with yellow dorsal bands on third and fifth
segments ; legs tinged with yellow. Fore wing white; a
yellow discoidal spot with fascia from it to the postmedial
line, which is oblique from costa to vein 3, then bent inwards
to inner margin; a diffused yellow subterminal band from
below costa to vein 3. Hind wing white ; a curved yellow
medial band ; a postmedial yellow annulus between veins 4
and 2 connected with costa and inner margin by bands; an
oblique yellow band from below costa towards apex to termen
at vein 2; a fine yellow terminal line.

Hab. Trinivav (Kaye), 1 2 type. Lxp. 20 mm.

(1) Syngamia endolasea, sp. n.
Syngamia flabellalis, Hmpsn. P. Z. S. 1898, p. 643 (part.), nec Guen.

Antenne of male with the first joint large with scale-tooth
on inner side, the base of shaft strongly curved with scale-
teeth in the curve covered by a tuft of long black hair on
upper side ; fore wing with fringe of rough scales cn inner
area above to beyond middle.

6. Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish tinged with brown,
the tuft of hair on base of shaft of antenne black. Fore
wing whitish suffused with brown especially on costal and
terminal areas ; a subbasal black point below the costa; an
antemedial black spot below the costa with slight curved line
from it to inner margin; a black discoidal spot; postmedial
line black, curved, expanding into a spot at costa ; a blackish
terminal line. Hind wing whitish suffused with brown
especially on terminal area; a black discoidal point; post-
medial line brown defined on each side by white, bent in-
wards at vein 3 to below end of cell, then oblique to inner
margin near tornus where there is a blackish spot; a
blackish terminal line, defined on inner side by white
towards toruus ; cilia whitish with a blackish line through
them.

Hab. St. Vincent (H. H. Smith), 1 g type. Exp. 16 mm.

(1 a) Syngamia plicata, sp. n.
Syngamia ancidalis, Hmpsn, P. Z. S. 1898, p. 644 (nec Snell.).
Antenne of mule with the basal joint dilated with scale-

tooth on inner side, the base of shaft strongly curved with
scale-teeth in it covered by a large tuft of hair above; fore

252 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

wing with some rough scales at base of costal area and a
strong fold in submedian interspace.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen blackish brown mixed
with some ochreous white; the tuft of hair on base of shaft
of antenne blackish; the anal tuft with white lateral marks ;
pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen whitish, the
fore tibize banded with fuscous. Fore wing blackish brown
with a cupreous gloss ; a curved black antemedial line from
costa to submedian fold ; a black discoidal spot ; postmedial
line black shghtly defined on outer side by white, excurved
and minutely waved from costa to vein 8, then bent inwards
to below end of cell; cilia with a fine whitish line at base.
Hind wing blackish brown with a cupreous gloss ; a subbasal
white band ; a black discoidal spot with white spot beyond
it ; postmedial line black defined on outer side by white,
bent inwards at vein 3 and oblique towards inner margin ; a
blackish terminal line defined on inner side by white towards
tornus ; cilia blackish at base, white at tips.

Hab. Braztt, Amazons, R. Madeira, Statoro (Trail), 1 g
type; Brazit, Sao Paulo (D. Jones), 1 6 ; Paracuay,
Sapucay (Foster), 1 g. Exp. 20 mm.

(3 a) Syngamia ecphea, sp. n.

Antenne of male with the basal joint dilated with large
tuft of scales above, the base of shaft strongly curved, con-
taining scale-teeth covered by a fringe of black scales above ;
fore wing with some rough scales at base of costal area.

6. Head, thorax, and abdomen fuscous brown mixed with
whitish; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen
whitish, the fore tibiz with fuscous band. Fore wing
whitish clouded in parts with fuscous brown, the terminal
area black-brown with a whitish subapical patch; a curved
blackish antemedial line ; a blackish discoidal striga; post-
medial line blackish, with black spot at costa and defined on
outer side by whitish, curved and minutely waved from costa
to vein 3, then bent inwards to below end of cell; a blackish
terminal line and fine whitish line at base of cilia. Hind
wing whitish tinged with brown; a black discoidal point; a
blackish shade beyond the cell and from lower angle to inner
margin before the postmedial line, which is blackish, incurved
below costa, bent imwards at vein 3, then obliquely curved to
inner margin near tornus ; a fuscous subterminal shade,
expanding at apex and bent outwards to tornus; a blackish
terminal line; cilia whitish with a blackish line through
them.

Hab. W. Cotomsra, San Antonio (Palmer), 1 ¢ type.
Exp, 26 mm.

Species of Pyralide. 253

(5 6) Syngamia micromphalis, sp. n.

Antenne of male with the basal joint dilated, the shaft
normal. Fore wing with small glandular swelling at base of
costa and tuft of hair from base on underside.

Grey-brown ; abdomen with slight whitish segmental
rings; palpi at base, pectus, legs, and ventral surface of
abdomen white, the fore tibize with fuscous band at extremity.
Fore wing with slightly curved whitish antemedial line de-
fined by black on outer side ; a small black spot in cell and
discoidal lunule with somewhat quadrate white spot between
them ; postmedial line whitish defined by black on inner
side, obliquely excurved from costa to vein 3, then retracted
to below angle of cell and slightly sinuous to inner margin ;
a fine white line at base of cilia. Hind wing with blackish
discoidal spot ; a whitish postmedial line defined by fuscous
on inner side, obliquely sinuous from costa to vein 2, then
retracted to below angle of cell and obliqne to inner margin
near tornus; a fine white line at base of cilia.

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa (Schaus), 1 3 type, Orizaba, type @
in Coll. Schaus. Exp. 20 mm.

(6a) Syngamia inflamatalis, sp. n.

?. Head, thorax, and abdomen purplish red and orange-
yellow; palpi white at base, the second joint black with a red
spot; patagia with some fuscous scales; pectus, legs, and
ventral surface of abdomen mostly whitish. Fore wing pur-
plish red suffused with fuscous in places ; some orange-yellow
and crimson on basal area and on inner area before middle ;
a black-edged semihyaline and yellow antemedial spot from
subcostal nervure to submedian fold; similar almost medial
and postmedial bands, the former extending from below
costa to vein 1, the latter to vein 4; the costa fulvous; the
terminal area more crimson with a black line from below
costa to below vein 4 with an orange spot on its inner edge;
an orange patch at tornus with very irregular inner edge ;
cilia orange, red and fuscous at apex and middle. Hind
wing orange; the costal area white to beyond middle,
emitting an antemedial band to vein | and a postmedial band
to vein 5: a black and crimson patch at base of inner area;
an orange discoidal spot edged by crimson lines and with
black above, a waved crimson and black line from it to inner
margin ; a sinuous black and crimson line from below costa
beyond middle to tornus ; some fuscous on apical part of
costa; some crimson on termen, with a black line on its inner
side towards costa ; cilia yellow, orange at base.

Hab. Braz, Sao Paulo (Jones) ; Paraguay, Sapucay
(Foster), 1 9type. Exp. 24 mm.

254 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

(9 a) Syngamia aurantiaca, sp. n.

9. Head pale yellow; palpi with the second joint banded
with black at base and extremity ; antenne blackish except
at base; thorax black; pectus and legs yellow; abdomen
orange with black lateral streaks towards extremity, the anal
tuft black, the ventral surface yellow. Fore wing dee
orange, the base and costal area to veyond middle black ; a
black antemedial line; a black discoidal lunule conjoined to
the black costal area; the terminal area black, expanding
at apex and running along inner margin to below end of cell,
where it expands into a rounded lobe touching the discoidal
lunule; cilia white with a black line near base, tinged with
fuscous towards tornus. Hind wing deep orange; a black
discoidal bar with oblique line from it to inner margin; a
black terminal band expanding at apex and below vein 2 ;
cilia yellowish white to vein 2, then black.

Hab. Sincarore (Ridley), 1 9 type. Lap. 16 mm.

(19 a) Syngamia albiceps, sp. n.

d. Head and thorax cupreous brown, the former with
white patch on vertex; palpi white at base ; pectus and legs
ochreous white, the fore tibize banded with black at extremity ;
abdomen pale yellow, the penultimate segment with white
dorsal band and subdorsal black points, the anal segment
with dorsal and lateral white streaks and subdorsal black
streaks. Fore wing cupreous brown, the inner half pale
yellow from before the antemedial line to the postmedial
line confluent with a patch beyond lower angle of cell; a
curved blackish antemedial line; a slight black discoidal
lunule with small white spot before it; postmedial line
blackish defined on outer side by white towards costa, where
it expands into a small spot with some white before and
beyond it, minutely waved, at vein 2 retracted to below end
of cell, then slightly angled outwards in submedian fold ;
cilia with a fine white line at base. Hind wing pale yellow,
the terminal area broadly tinged with cupreous brown; a
blackish discoidul striga ; postmedial line blackish, bent
inwards at vein 2 to below end of cell, then oblique to inner
margin ; cilia white with a blackish line through them.

Hab. Sincarore (Ridley), 1 g type. Hap. 22 mm.

(21a) Syngamia anemicalis, sp. n.

&. Yellowish white ; head and thorax tinged with brown ;
palpi black, the base and third joint white; sides of frons

Species of Pyralide. yas)

black. Fore wing with the costa brown ; a brown point in
middle of cell and discoidal lunule defined by brown; an
indistinct diffused curved brown postmedial line from costa
to vein 2; cilia with a dark line near base. Hind wing with
brown discoidal lunule; an indistinct diffused curved brown
line from costa beyond middle to vein 2 near termen; cilia
with a dark line near base except towards tornus. Under-
side of fore wing with the costal and terminal areas suffused
with fuscous brown, the latter broad at costa, narrowing to
a point above tornus.
Hab. Paracuay, Sapucay (Foster), 4 g type. Exp

20-24 mm.

(2c) Samea similalis, sp. n.

Abdomen of male without lateral tufts of hair.

Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow mixed with red-brown,
the last dorsally banded with white ; pectus, legs, and ventral
surface of abdomen white, the fore legs tinged with red-brown
in front. Fore wing yellow suffused with red-brown ; a semi-
hyaline yellow spot defined by brown in and below the cell
before middle, a dark line from its inner side to inner margin
with some yellow before it ; medial yellow spots defined at
sides by brown in and below cell and a small spot above base
of vein 2; postmedial line brown defined on inner side by
yellow spots in the interspaces from below costa to above
inner margin and on outer side from below costa to vein 2,
slightly waved, oblique below vein 4; some small blackish
spots on apical part of costa; cilia white with a strigiform
dark line through them. Hind wing semihyaline yellow; a
small brown spot in cell; a brown medial line enclosing
a small yellow spot on discocellulars, then sinuous to inner
margin ; a sinuous brown postmedial line bent outwards
between veins 5 and 3 and with yellow spots beyond it from
costa to vein 2; the terminal area red-brown; a dark
terminal line; cilia white with a series of dark strize except
at submedian interspace.

Hab. Brazit, Sao Paulo (D. Jones), 2 ¢,1 2 type. Hap.
24 mm,

(25). Samea choristalis, sp. n.

Head and thorax yellow mixed with brown ; palpi white,
blackish at extremity ; abdomen yellow mixed with brown,
with white segmental lines and lateral streaks on anal
segment ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen
white, the fore tibice streaked with brown. Fore wing

256 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

semihyaline yellow, the costal area suffused with brown on
basal half; an oblique brown line near base followed by
a band; a fine antemedial line; quadrate conjoined medial
spots in and below cell defined at sides by brown ; a quadrate
brown discoidal spot with some yellow in centre ; postmedial
line brown, slightly waved and excurved between veins 6
and 2, then retracted to lower angle of cell and oblique and
waved to inner margin, defined on outer side by a series of
yellow spots in the interspaces from below costa to vein 2;
terminal area brown, the costa yellowish with some small
blackish spots; cilia chequered brown and yellow. Hind
wing semihyaline yellow; a dark point near base; a black
discoidal spot with oblique sinuous line from it to above
tornus; postmedial line brown, excurved between veins 5
and 38 and below vein 2 joining the terminal brown band
with its inner edge excurved at middle; cilia white chequered
with brown except at submedian interspace.

Hab. Trinipap (Kaye), 10 g, 1 2 type; Br. Gurana,
Demerara (Rodway),2 ¢,192. Eap.20 mm.

(2c) Samea mictalis, sp. n.

Samea ecclesialis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 244 (part.),

nec Guen.

Head and thorax red-brown mixed with some yellow, the
vertex of head mostly yellow, the tegulz with yellow streaks ;
pectus, legs, and abdomen yellow tinged with brown. Fore
wing yellow, the costa tinged with brown ; two brown lines
on basal area; an antemedial brown band forking slightly in
cell and not reaching costa, jomed at inner margin by an
obliquely curved medial brown line with a triangular spot
beyond it on discocellulars ; postmedial line brown, excurved
at middle, defined on outer side by yellow spots in the inter-
spaces from costa to vein 2 interrupted by a slight streak at
vein 5; the terminal area brown with a dark point at costa
and some yellow at apex; cilia yellow. Hind wing yellow;
a brown line near base ; a dark discoidal spot with a sinuous
line from it to inner margin; a postmedial brown line ex-
curved at middle and below vein 2; a terminal brown band
expanding at apex, narrow at middle and extending to the
postmedial line below vein 2; cilia yellow chequered with
brown.

Hab. Mexico, Tabasco (H. AH. Smith), 3 6, 2 2 type,
Atoyac (H. H. Smith), 1 2; Guatemaxta, Vera Paz
(Champion), 1 g, Cerro Zunil (Champion), 1 g, Zapote
(Champion), 1 9 ; Panama, Chiriqui (Champion), 2 ¢,
Godman-Salvin Coll. Hep. 16-20 mm.

=
~

t
ee,
~

Speetes of Pyralide.

(4) Samea aluphalis, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen brown mixed with fuscous ;
abdomen with segmental white rings; palpi at base, pectus,
and legs mostly white, the tarsi banded with biack. Fore
wing yellowish brown mostly suffused with fuscous ; a white
point at base and some whitish on basal inner area; a white
antemedial band not reaching costa with a waved line on it;
a quadrate white spot in end of cell and band from cell to
inner margin interrupted by a brown streak on vein 2 ; post-
medial jine with some white spots before it beyond the dark
discoidal spot and beyond it towards costa and between
veins 5 and 2, excurved from costa to vein 2, then retracted
to lower angle of cell and traversing the medial white band
to inner margin ; cilia chequered black and white. Hind
wing white; a small discoidal spot; a slightly waved _post-
medial line excurved between veins 5 and 2 and ending on
termen above tornus ; a terminal dark band broad at apex
and narrowing to a point at vein 1 ; cilia chequered black
and white from apex to vein 2.

Hab. Mexico, Presidio (Forrer), 1 ¢,2 9; Surinam R.,
Geldersland (Schaus), 1 2? type, type ¢ in Coll. Schaus.
Exp. 16 mm.

(13 a) Bocchoris insulalis, sp. n.

9. Greyish fuscous with a cupreous gloss; sides of frons,
tegulz, and patagia streaked with white; palpi at base,
pectus, and legs white ; abdomen with dorsal and subdorsal
series of white spots conjoined towards base, the ventral
surface banded with white, anal tuft black at extremity.
Fore wing with the base white; the basal area with three
oblique white lines, the medial line stronger ; an antemedial
white band from costa to submedian fold, attenuate below ;
a fine oblique medial line, incurved below the cell where there
is a white spot beyond it ; aslight discoidal striga ; a wedge-
shaped oblique white postmedial patch from costa to vein 4
enclosed in a triangular dark patch bounded by fine lines
which meet at submedian fold, the outer line expanding into
a small spot at costa ; asmall lunulate white spot below costa
towards apex with-a minute wedge-shaped spot on costa
beyond it, and a line below it from vein 5 to inner margin
towards which it is sinuous, its inner edge dentate towards
vein 5; a small spot just before termen above vein 2, the
termen blackish from vein 5 to tornus ; cilia spotted with
white on apical half, white with a black line through them -

258 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

on inner half. Hind wing witb wedge-shaped white basal
patch extending to submedian fold below end of cell and
_ enclosing a brown spot at base and with white streak below
its extremity ; adiscoidal bar confluent with a spot below the
cell, forked below ; a triangular patch beyond the cell with
its extremities produced and with a fine line beyond it from
discal to submedian folds, where it becomes a band extending
to tornus and with striga before it on vein 1; a postmedial
spot from vein 7 to discal fold, with a line below it from
vein 4, where it expands into a spot, to submedian fold; termen
blackish, with white patch before it between vein 4 and sub-
median fold and a fine line towards tornus; cilia white with
a black line through them.

Hab. D’Entrecasteavx Is., Fergusson I. (Meek), 1 2 type.
Exp. 22 mm.

(14a) Bocchoris labarinthalis, sp. n.

¢. White, head suffused with brown ; tegule, patagia, and
thorax streaked with brown ; palpi black, white at base; legs
streaked with fuscous ; abdomen with slight subdorsal fuscous
streaks on two basal segments, dorsal patches on medial and
anal segments, and lateral black spots on two terminal seg-
ments. Fore wing with basal and subbasal fuscous bands ;
a curved slightly simuous antemedial line connected below
the cell by fuscous suffusion with an oblique slightly sinuous
medial line which again is connected below costa with a
discoidal lunule and the fuscous edge of a white band from
costa to vein 2, its outer edge strongly indented at middle
and its lower extremity connected with inner margin by a
fuscous patch, a small fuscous spot before it below end of
cell; these markings followed by a white band before the
obliquely curved fuscous postmedial line bent outwards to
costa; apical area suffused with fuscous to vein 3; cilia
tinged with fuscous and with dark line through them, wholly
white towards tornus. Hind wing with oblique somewhat
diffused fuscous antemedial line acutely angled inwards on
medial nervure ; a somewhat diffused line from middle of
costa to tornus, angled inwards at discal fold, acutely angled
inwards at vein 2, then slightly waved ; a fine shghtly curved
line from costa beyond middle to tornus ; an apical fuscous
patch from costa to vein 3 followed by a fine terminal line ;
cilia white with a fuscous line through them, wholly tinged
with fuscous towards apex.

Hab. S. Nieerta, Lagos (Strachan), 2 ¢ type, Ebute Meta
(Boog), 2 8. Earp. 20 mm.

Spreies of Pyralide. 259

(25 a) Bocchoris rufiflavalis, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax rufous mixed with yellow ; abdomen
white, with rufous segmental lines expanding into lateral
patches ; palpi at base, pectus, greater part of legs, and
ventral surface of abdomen white. Fore wing yellow suffused
with rufous ; an antemedial yellow spot below the cell defined
by brown, a small V-shaped brown mark in cell just beyond
it with yellow centre ; a medial yellow patch from subcostal
nervure to vein 1, defined by brown and expanding below the
cell; a yellow band beyond the cell from below costa to
vein 2, expanding somewhat at middle, defined on inner side
by brown and on outer by the postmedial line which is in-
curved below costa, excurved between veins 5 and 2, then
retracted to lower angle of cell and sinuous to imner margin, |
with series of small yellow spots beyond it ; some slight
yellow marks on termen ; cilia chequered yellow and rufous.
Hind wing yellow ; a small rufous spot in cell and elliptical
discoidal annulus; postmedial line rufous, incurved below
costa, bent outwards between veins 5 and 2, then oblique ;
a curved crenulate subterminal line, the apical area suffused
with rufous ; a terminal rufous line and a line through the
cilia.

g. Fore wing with the medial spot in cell separate from
the patch below cell; the patch beyond the cell larger; the
postmedial line waved and not incurved below costa, with a
series of rufous-edged spots beyond it between veins 7 and 2
and the inner area yellow; two well-developed subapical
yellow spots. Hind wing with the postmedial line retracted
at vein 2 to lower angle of cell ; the apical area not suffused
with rufous, with yellow spots defined by the rufous veins.

Hab. Manacascar, Betsileo (Cowan), 1 6, 1 @ type.
Exp. 20 mm.

(5 a) Pilocrocis cuprealis, sp. 1.
3d. Head, thorax, and abdomen dark brown with a
cupreous tinge; pectus and ventral surface of abdomen
whitish ; wings uniform dark brown with a bright cupreous
gloss.

Hab. Nicerta, Sapele (Sampson), 1 ¢ type. ap.
34 mm.

(56) Pilocrocis eurypalpalis, sp. n.

Palpi of male with a very broad, short, quadrate tuft at
base of third joint. and small pointed tuft at extremity ;
antennz with process from basal joint and the base of shaft

260 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

excised ; patagial tufts extending far beyond metathorax
and with large dark scales on upper edge; hind legs with
large tuft of black hair on tibize above and fringe of white
hair on tarsus ; pectus with tuft of long hair from origin of
fore wing; the retinaculum formed by a large fan of scales.

g. Cupreous brown with a slight purplish gloss; sides of
frons and vertex of head with some white scales; palpi
below, pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white ;
fore femora and coxz yellowish, black spots on cox and
bands on tibiz ; the tuft on hind tibiz black ; anal tuft
ochreous. Fore wing with dark antemedial line angled on
median nervure ; a black point in middle of cell and discoidal
lunule; the postmedial line bent outwards between veins 5
and 2, then retracted to below end of cell; cilia grey at
tips. Hind wing with discoidal spot ; the postmedial line
excurved between veins 5 and 3, then retracted to below end
of cell and oblique to near tornus; a dark terminal line ;
cilia black at base, white at tips.

Hab. Costa Rica (Underwood), 1 3 type; Coromsra,
Papayan (Lehmann). Hap. 32 mm.

(5c) Pilocrocis goniopalpia, sp. n.

Palpi of male with the second joint broadly scaled, the
scaling at extremity above produced over the third joint
which is triangularly scaled and set on at an angle ; antennz
with the shaft excised at base; patagia with a tuft of hair
at extremity extending far beyond metathorax ; fore wing
with fan of scales in middle of cell on underside.

¢. Head and thorax red-brown, the back of head with
some whitish; palpi white at base; pectus and legs white,
the fore coxe at base and tibiz at extremities with black
bands ; abdomen reddish brown, the genital tufts ochreous,
the ventral surface white. Fore wing cupreous red-brown,
an indistinct dark antemedial line, oblique from costa
to submedian fold ; a slight black discoidal lunule ; an
indistinct dark postmedial lme excurved from vein 6 to 2,
then retracted to lower angle of cell and again excurved; a
terminal series of blackish points and a fine whitish line at
base of cilia. Hind wing cupreous red-brown ; an oblique
blackish discoidal bar ; postmedial line indistinct, dark,
oblique to vein 2, then retracted to below angle of cell and
oblique to tornus; a rather punctiform blackish terminal
line ; cilia whitish with a dark line through them.

Hab. Cotomsria, Minca (H. H. Smith), 1 go type. Exp.
28 mm.

Species of Pyralide. 261

(7 a) Pilocrocis fumidalis, sp. n.

Antenne of male with scale-tooth from basal joint, the
shaft ciliated.

6. Head, thorax, and abdomen fuscous brown; palpi
rufous in front ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen
whitish. Fore wing fuscous brown; an indistinct fuscous
spot towards end of cell and discoidal lunule ; postmedial
line fuscous, very minutely waved, excurved from costa to
vein 2, then retracted to below angle of cell and erect
to inner margin ; a fine pale line at base of cilia. Hind
wing fuscous brown; a slight dark discoidal spot; traces of
a fuscous postmedial line bent outwards between veins 5
and 2, then retracted to below angle of cell; a slight pale
line at base of cilia. Underside of both wings grey, with
the postmedial line maculate and more distinct.

? much paler reddish brown ; wings with the markings
more distinct ; the underside whitish, with the terminal area
suffused with red-brown except on inner area of hind wing.

Hab. Borneo, Brunei, 1 ¢ type; Sanetr (Doherty), 12.
Exp., 3 42, 2 46 mm.

(8a) Pilocrocis dithyralis, sp. n.

Cupreous brown ; palpi below, pectus, and abdomen below
white; legs pale brown, with black band on fore tibie.
Fore wing with hyaline white spot below median nervure at
origin of vein 2 and more prominent small quadrate spot
beyond the dark discoidal- spot.

Hab. Br. Guiana, Potaro R. (Kaye), 1 2 type; Amazons,
R. Demerara. Ezp. 32 mm.

(86) Pilocrocis monothyralis, sp. n.

Cupreous brown; palpi below, pectus, legs, and ventral
surface of abdomen white; fore tibize and tarsi with blackish
bands. Fore wing with dark spots in end of cell and on
discocellulars with whitish spot between them ; an obscure
dark postmedial line bent outwards and minutely dentate
between veins 5 and 3, then retracted to below end of cell.
Hind wing with dark discoidal bar; the postmedial line
very indistinct, bent outwards and minutely dentate between
veins 5 and 3, then retracted to below end of cell.

Hab. Panama, La Chorrera (Dolby-Tyler), 192; Br.
Guiana, Berg-en-daal (Ellacombe) ; Fr. Guiana, St. Jean
Maroni (Schaus), 1 2 type, Cayenne (Schaus),2 2. Exp.
40 mm.

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. ix. 18

262 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

(9 b) Pilocrocis femoralis, sp. n.

Antenne of male normal ; fore tibize with tufts of long
curved hair.

6. Head, thorax, and abdomen brown; palpi in front,
pectus, and legs pale reddish brown ; abdomen with the
ventral surface white. Fore wing cupreous brown, with
a purplish gloss on costal half. Hind wing uniform
cupreous brown.

Hab. Br. Guiana (Kaye), 1 6; Perv, Rio Colorado
(Watkins and Tomlinson), 1 g type. Hap. 40 mm.

(126) Pilocrocis hypoleucalis, sp. n.
Stenomelas agavealis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 242 (nec

Wik.).
Omiodes roseinalis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 253 (part.).

Fore tarsi of male with large tuft of hair on first joint
below; fore wing with swelling at base of costa and tutt of
long hair on underside; patagia with tufts of long hair.
Head and thorax brown, the patagial tufts slightly tinged
with rufous; palpi blackish, white below; abdomen grey-
brown slightly tinged with rufous ; pectus, legs, and ventral
surface of abdomen white, the extremity of fore tibize and tuft
on first joint of tarsus fuscous. Fore wing grey-brown with
a slight cupreous gloss, the costal area rather darker ; an
indistinct slightly curved antemedial line; a small discoidal
spot; an indistinct postmedial line nearly straight from costa
to vein 2, then retracted to below angle of cell and again
excurved. Hind wing glossy grey-brown; a slight discoidal
spot; an indistinct postmedial line, excurved from costa
to vein 2, then retracted and ending at inner margin beyond
middle ; cilia white with a brown line at base; the under-
side white, the costa faintly tinged with rufous.

Hab. Mexico, Tabasco, Teapa (H. H. Smith), 4 ¢,2 2;
Panama, Chiriqui (Champion), 1 g, Godman-Salvin Coll. ;
penance Castletown (Kaye), 1 6, 1 2 type. Exp. 30-

2 mm,

(12 d) Pilocrocis melangnatha, sp. n.

Hind tibize of male very short, the medial spurs absent,
a tuft of long black scales from pectus at base of hind
legs.

do. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale rufous ; palpi and
frons black ; femora and base of tibiz with some black.
Fore wing pale rufous, the costa whitish to towards apex; a

Species of Pyralide. 265

subbasal black point above inner margin ; antemedial line
slight, black, oblique from below costa to submedian fold,
then slightly incurved ; a black point in middle of cell and
discoidal striga; postmedial line black, highly crenulate and
with black points on inner side at the veins, bent inwards at
vein 2 and slightly excurved in submedian interspace ;
a terminal series of black strie. Hind wing pale rufous ;
an oblique black discoidal bar; postmedial line black,
arising below costa, crenulate and with black points on
its inner side at the veins between veins 5 and 2, then
waved ; a terminal series of black striz; cilia whitish at
tips.

Hab. Dutcnu N. Guinea, Mimika R. (Wollaston), 2 3
type. Exp. 32 mm.

(14a) Pilocrocis plicatalis, sp. n.

Fore wing of male with strong costal fold on underside
extending to beyond middle.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen dark brown; pectus,
femora, tarsi, and ventral surface of abdomen white. Fore
wing cupreous brown strongly shot with purple; traces of a
dark antemedial line; a slight dark discoidal bar; post-
medial line very indistinct, slightly excurved between veins 5
and 2, then retracted to lower angle of cell and obliquely
incurved to inner margin. Hind wing cupreous brown;
a fine pale line at base of cilia followed by a dark line.

Hab. Br. Guiana, Rockstone (Kaye), 1 g type. Eup.
34 mm.

(16 6) Pilocrocis pterygodia, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous; palpi black above,
white below; fore tibiz with black band at extremity ;
abdomen with smal] subdorsal black spots on third segment,
the ventral surface white. Fore wing ochreous tinged in
parts with brown; a black point near base of inner margin ;
antemedial line blackish, somewhat oblique from costa
to submedian fold; a small black spot in middle of cell
and somewhat lunulate discoidal spot; postmedial line
blackish, inecurved from costa to vein 5, bent outwards
and slightly waved between veins 4 and 2, then retracted
to below end of cell and bent outwards to inner margin ;
a faint minutely waved fuscous subterminal line and slight
terminal shade; a fine fuscous line near base of cilia.
Hind wing ochreous; a small black discoidal spot ; post-

mediai line fuscous, minutely waved, incurved from below
18*

264 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

costa to vein 5, bent outwards to vein 2, then retracted
to below end of cell and oblique to above tornus; a faint
minutely waved fuscous subterminal line, fuscous terminal
shade, and fine fuscous line near base of cilia.

Hab. Gouv Coast, Kumasi (Whiteside), 1 9; Ucanpa,
Ruwenzori (Wollaston), 1 9 ; Masnonatanpn, Salisbury
(Marshall), 1 2; 'Transvaat, White R. (Cooke), 1 g type.
Eap. 26 rm.

(17 a) Pilocrocis reniferalis, sp. u.

?. Head, thorax, and abdomen grey-brown; palpi at
base, pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white,
the fore legs tinged with rufous, the extremity of tibize
fuscous. Fore wing brown with a cupreous gloss; an
indistinct oblique diffused antemedial line; a faint spot
in middle of cell; a faint discoidal reniform spot defined
by fuscous ; an indistinct diffused postmedial line, some-
what incurved below costa, excurved between veins 5 and 2,
then retracted to lower angle of cell and straight to inner
margin. Hind wing brown with a cupreous gloss; a faint
oblique discoidal striga and very indistinet postmedial line
excurved between veins 5 and 2; cilia greyish at tips,
the underside grey.

Hab. Jamaica, Castletown (Kaye), 1 @ type. Ezp.
34 mm.

(19 a) Pilocrocis xanthozonalis, sp. n.

Black-brown with a purplish gloss; vertex of head,
first joint of palpi, and front of pectus rufous ; abdomen
white below. Fore wing with broad straight oblique yellow
band from costa just beyond middle to termen from vein 2
to tornus.

Hab. Br. Guiana ; Fr. Guiana, St. Jean Maroni, 1 ¢
type. Exp. 42 mm.

(22 a) Pilocrocis melastictalis, sp. n.

Head and thorax fuscous brown; palpi blackish, white
below ; pectus and legs white, the fore tibiz with black
band at extremity, the mid tibie black above at base;
abdomen greyish fuscous, the ventral surface white. Fore
wing fuscous brown; an oblique blackish antemedial line
bent inwards to costa; a small black spot in middle of
cell and black discoidal lunule ; postmedial line blackish,
oblique from costa to vein 4, excurved to vein 2, then bent
inwards to below end of cell and erect to inner margin ;

Species of Pyralide. 265

a slight dark terminal line, a fine pale line at base of cilia.
Hind wing greyish brown ; a slight black discoidal lunule ;
postmedial line fuscous, excurved between veins 5 and 2,
then oblique to inner margin; a slight dark terminal line ;
a fine pale line at base of cilia ; the underside grey-white.

Hab. Masponaxanp, Salisbury (Marshall), 1 3? ; Narat,
Durban (Leigh), 1 g type. Eap. 32 mm.

(22c) Pilocrocis glaucitalis, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen brown with a greyish gloss ;
palpi black above, white below ; pectus, legs, and ventral
surface of abdomen white ; fore tibia banded with black at
extremity. Fore wing brown with a greyish gloss ; a dark
antemedial line slightly defined by whitish on inner side,
oblique from costa to vein 1; a dark point in middle of
cell and black discoidal lunule; postmedial line dark,
defined by white on outer side, more strongly from costa
to vein 5 and between vein 2 and submedian fold, bent
outwards between veins 5 and 2, then retracted to below
angle of cell and again excurved ; a fine pale line at base of
cilia. Hind wing brown with a greyish gloss; a slight
oblique black discoidal bar; postmedial line dark slightly
defined by grey on outer side, bent outwards between
veins 5 and 2, then retracted to below angle of cell and
oblique to above tornus; a fine black terminal line ; a fine
white line at base of cilia followed by a dark line; the
underside grey-white, the postmedial line more distinct and
minutely waved.

Hab. Narat, Durban (Leigh), 15, 12 type. zp.
30 mm.

(29 6) Pilocrocis leucochasma, sp. n.

6. Head and thorax grey-brown mixed with whitish ;
palpi whitish with a fuscous band at extremity of second
joint; pectus and legs whitish, the tibize suffused with
fuscous ; abdomen grey suffused with fuscous brown, the
ventral surface whitish except at extremity. Fore wing
pale grey-brown ; traces of a dark antemedial line slightly
angled outwards at median nervure ; a round grey-brown
spot in middle of cell with some whitish before it and
a quadrate whitish patch in end of cell before the blackish
discoidal bar with whitish line at middle; an indistinct
whitish postmedial line excurved to vein 2 and with black
suffusion before it, then retracted to lower angle of cell
and again bent outwards with some blackish before it ;
a terminal series of blackish striz ; cilia with a fine white

266 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

line at base fellowed by a brown line. Hind wing whitish
tinged with grey-brown, the terminal area grey-brown
narrowing to tornus ; a blackish discoidal bar with oblique
diffused blackish band from it to tornus; a diffused blackish
postmedial patch between veins 7 and 2; a blackish terminal
line ; cilia with a fine white line at base followed by a brown
line.

Ab. 1. Fore wing with the suffusion before the postmedial
line from costa to vein 2 rufous.

Hab. N.E. Pexv, Huancabamba, 2 g type. Exzp. 26mm.

(82 6) Pilocrocis rufescens, sp. nu.

Head whitish tinged with rufous; palpi white at base ;
thorax and abdomen yellow suffused with rufous, the latter
yellower at base and extremity ; pectus, legs, and ventral
surface of abdomen white, the fore tibiz and tarsi banded
with fuscous. Fore wing rufous with a yellowish tinge; an
indistinct diffused oblique fuscous antemedial line ; a fuscous
discoidal spot ; postmedial line fuscous, excurved and waved
between veins 6 and 3, then bent inwards to lower angle of
cell and oblique to inner margin ; cilia fuscous, whitish at
tips. Hind wing yellowish suffused with rufous especially
towards termen ; cilia whitish at tips.

Hab. Banamas, Nassau (Bonhote), 4 3, 2 9 type. Exp.
24-28 mm.

(82g) Pilocrocis holowantha, sp. u.

?. Head and thorax ochreous yellow tinged with rufous
especially on the tegule and patagia ; palpi white at base ;
pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen ochreous white.
Fore wing yellow tinged with rufous on costal area. Hind
wing uniform pale yellcw.

Hab. Jamaica (Kaye), 1 2 type. Ezp. 36 mm.

(35) Pilocrocis dichocrosialis, sp. n.

3. Orange-yellow ; palpi with the end of second joint
and the third joint black; tegule with triangular dorsal
patch and black spots behind ; metathorax edged with
black ; fore tibiz banded with black. Fore wing with
paired dorsal black spots on second segment and dorsal
bands on the segments beyond it, and some sublateral points.
Fore wing with black spot at base of costa; some diffused
black on inner margin near base ; an antemedial spot below
costa and curved line from median nervure to inner margin ;
a black spot in middle of cell and discoidal bar; the post-
medial line indistinct, excurved from costa to vein 3, then

Species of Pyralide. 267

incurved with prominent black spots at costa and inner
margin and with a broad band of fuscous suffusion beyond it
except at costa. Hind wing with slightly sinuous medial
black line with a broad band of fuscous sutfusion beyond it.

Hab. ZambBesia, Loangwa R., Mpeta (Coryndon), 1 § type.
Exp. 26 mm.

(37) Pilocrocis lactealis, sp. n.

?. Yellowish white ; palpi fulvous except at base ; tegule
and shoulders tinged with fulvous. Fore wing with the costa
slightly tinged with fulvous at base, the veins with shght dark
streaks. Underside of fore wing with slight dark discoidal
lunule ; termen of both wings slightly tinged with fuscous.

Hab. Brazir, Organ Mts., Tijuca (Wagner), 1 ¢ type.
Exp. 32 mm.

(1 6) Ulopeza pheothoracica, sp. n.

6. Head yellowish white ; antennz dark brown ; thorax
and abdomen dark cupreous brown ; pectus pale brownish ;
fore and mid tarsi yellowish white, the hind tibiz and tarsi
banded black and white; ventral surface of abdomen white
except towards extremity. ore wing dark cupreous brown,
with an oblique triangular patch from costa to just beyond
lower angle of cell, ochreous above, whitish below. Hind
wing cupreous brown with a fine pale line at base of cilia.

?. Thorax and basal half of fore wing pale reddish brown.

Hab. Goup Coast, Kumasi (Whiteside), 1 g, 1 2;
S. Nigeria (Sampson), 1 3 type. Hap. 24 mm.

(le) Ulopeza flavicepsalis, sp. nu.

Thorax of male with ridges of large scales ; legs normal.

6. Head and tegule orange-yellow; antennez black ;
thorax pale brown with a metallic gloss ; legs streaked with
yellow, the tarsi yellow ; abdomen brown, the first two
segments with orange dorsal patches, the ventral surface
yellowish white. Fore wing brown, with large lunulate
white postmedial patch between veins 8 and 38. Hind wing
brown, with large elliptical white postmedial patch between
veins 5 and 2.

Hab. Cameroons (Sjostedt), 1 g type. Hap. 24 mm.

(2.6) Ulopeza junctilinealis, sp. un.
?. Head and thorax yellow slightly tinged with rufous ;
shoulders with rufous stripes; abdomen yellow dorsally
suffused with rufous except at base ; pectus, legs, and ventral

268 On new Species of Pyralide.

surface of abdomen except at extremity white; fore tibiz
banded with black, mid tibize streaked with black. Fore
wing yellow; a subbasal rufous line curving round at costa
and joining the antemedial line which is excurved to sub-
median fold, then incurved ; a point in middle of cell and
discoidal bar ; postmedial line rufous, rather diffused and
almost straight from costa to vein 2, then retracted to origin
of vein 2, and angled inwards on vein | almost to antemedial
line which it also almost meets at inner margin ; terminal area
rufous with yellow spot beyond the postmedial line at costa ;
cilia dark brown. Hind wing yellow ; a diffused blackish
spot below lower angle of cell; the imner area broadly
suffused with brown except at base ; the apical area black-
brown from costa to vein 2, narrowing at costa, and defined
on inner side between veins 6 and 2 by the diffused dark
postmedial line which is excurved between veins 5 and 2;
cilia with a slight pale line at base.
Hab. Bai (Doherty), 1 ¢ type. Exp. 26 mm.

(2c) Ulopeza nigricostata, sp. n.

9. Head, thorax, and abdomen orange-yellow ; antennz
black except basal jomt; abdomen with some brown at
extremity. Fore wing orange-yellow, the costa fuscous
brown with a cupreous gloss except towards base, the
terminal area broadly fuscous brown with a cupreous
gloss. Hind wing yellow, the terminal area fuscous brown
with a cupreous gloss.

Hab. 8. Nigeria, Warri (Roth), 1 2 type. Exp. 22 mm

(5) Ulopeza sterictodes, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax dark brown, the vertex of head
ochreous yellow; pectus whitish mixed with brown ; abdo-
men dark brown mixed with some greyish, especially at
base, the ventral surface whitish. Fore wing dark brown
with a slight olive tinge, the medial area greyish except at
costa, some grey at base of inner margin; antemedial line
black slightly defined on inner side by grey, excurved to
median nervure and incurved in submedian interspace ; a
small black annulus in middle of cell and larger discoidal
annulus; postmedial line blackish defined on outer side by
grey, forming a rounded blackish patch below costa, excurved
and minutely dentate between veins 5 and 2, then bent in-
wards to below end of cell and forming a diffused spot in
submedian interspace; a terminal series of small greyish
spots. Hind wing grey-white, the terminal area fuscous

On Mammals of the Panyam Plateau. 269

brown, broadly at costa, narrowing to a point at tornus; a
fuscous point in middle of cell and rather diffused discoidal
spot, postmedial line rather diffused, fuscous defined on
outer side by grey, minutely dentate, excurved below costa
and bent inwards at vein 2 to below end of cell; a terminal
series of small whitish spots; cilia chequered fuscous and
whitish.

Hab. Br. N. Guinea, Mambare R., Biagi (Meek), 1 g type.
Ezp. 36 mm.

(7) Ulopeza denticulalis, sp. un.

Antenne of male normal.

9. Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown ; pectus, legs,
and ventral surface of abdomen white ; fore cox, femora,
and tibie brown in front. Fore wing red-brown ; a dark
antemedial line oblique from costa to submedian fold, then
sinuous ; a small hyaline bar in middle of cell defined by
black ; a bifid hyaline discoidal spot defined by black, with
slight hyaline streak above base of vein 7 and two hyaline
points beyond lower angle of cell, the costa] area above end
of cell yellowish to just beyond the postmedial line, which is
black, forming the outer edge of the hyaline spots, at vein
2 retracted to below end of cell, then sinuous to imner
margin; a terminal series of black points. Hind wing
greyish brown; a rather punctiform dark postmedial line
bent outwards and minutely dentate between veins 5 and 2;
a terminal series of dark striz ; cilia with fine pale line at
base; the underside whitish tinged with brown, the postmedial
line formed of small black spots.

6. Fore wing with the hyaline bar in cell and bifid
discoidal spot much reduced, the streak above vein 7 and
points beyond lower angle absent.

Hab. Transvaat, White R. (Cooke), 1 9; Narvar, Durban
(Gooch, Leigh), 2 3,2 9 type. Hap. 34 mm.

(‘To be continued. }

XXVIL.—JMVammals of the Panyam Plateau, Northern
Nigeria —II. By Ouprirtp THomas.
(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)
In the ‘Annals’ for May 1911 I published a list of some

mammals collected on the Panyam Plateau in Bauchi Pro-
vince, Northern Nigeria, by the Rev. George ‘I’. Fox and his

270 Mr. O. Thomas on Mammals of

brother Mr. John ©. Fox. Since then a further collection from
the same region has been presented to the National Museum
by the former, and I now give a list of it.

As before, there are a number of novelties in the
collection, and in the cases of several of the animals a very
considerable increase in the known ranges of the genera has to
be recorded. Thus the genera Dendromus, Steatomys, and
Acomys all have a large extension of their range to be
noted.

Nearly all the present collection is from Panyam, 4000’,
and this place is to be understood when no locality is men-
tioned in the list. A few odd specimens are from Mr. J. C.
Fox’s locality, Kabwir, 2700’.

1. Epomophorus gambianus, Og.
g.110. Kabwir.

2. Hrinaceus sp.
3. 80 (young).

3. Tatera kempi, Wrought.
d. 54,66; 2. 23, 34, 46, 67.

‘hese specimens agree precisely with TZ. kempz in colour
and general cranial characters ; but their interparietal more
approaches the narrow shape found in 7’. gambiana and others,
instead of the peculiar broad (antero-posteriorly) bone which
occurs in the type of kemp?. But until more specimens of
the latter are obtained from 8. Nigeria it is not possible to
judge of the constancy of this character, and I provisionally
use the name for Mr. Fox’s gerbil.

4, Taterillus nigerie, Thos.
do. 26, 39, 60,87; 9. 19, 22, 27, 28, 49, 59.

Averaging rather smaller than the Kabwir specimen on
which the species was founded.

5. Dendromus nigrifrons, True.

6. 06,61; 2. 55, 57 (young).

Distant as is the type locality of D. négrifrons, I can find
no character to justify the distinction of the Nigerian tree-
mouse from it. ‘he range of the species would therefore
extend from Nigeria through East Africa to the Chirinda
Forest, Rhodesia, whence Mr. Swynnerton sent some
specimens to the British Museum in 1908.

EE

the Panyam Plateau, Northern Nigeria. 271

6. Steatomys caurinus, sp. n.

6. 21 (yg.), 63; 9. 24, 35, 41, 47, 62, 68, 69.

A Steatomys with large skull but small teeth. Mamme at
least 12.

Size fairly large. General colour the usual brownish
fawn, darker along the dorsal area, clearer along the sides.
Under surface pure sharply defined white. Ears brown,
their edges whitish. Hands and feet whitish, a variable
patch of fawn or brown extending along the metatarsus.
Tail of medium length, brown above, whitish below.
Mamme apparently 12 in number.

Skuli nearly as large as in S. bocaget, the large Angolan
species, but the teeth conspicuously smaller, not ‘larger “than
in S, pratensis. Palatal foramina widely open, but as a
consequence of the small size of the teeth the hinder edge
of the former is only level with the first lamina of m’, and
for the same reason there is a greater distance than usual
between the back of the molars and the hinder edge of the
palate.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 100 mm.; tail 54 ; hind foot 19; ear 19.

Skull: greatest length 27°5 ; condylo-incisive length 26 ;
zygomatic breadth 13; nasals 11; interorbital breadth 4:2 ;
breadth of brain-case 11; palatilar length 12°3; diastema 8°1 ;
palatal foramina 5°5 x 3°1 ; upper molar series 3°7.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 12. 1.16. 24. Original
number 47. Collected 13th July, 1911.

This is by far the furthest north-westwards that the genus
Steatomys has been recorded. ‘lhe species may be readily
recognized by its combination of large skull—which nearly
equals that of S. docagec—with small teeth, these being only
about as in S. pratensis.

7. Hpimys (multimammate).

3. 15, 18, 20, 37, 38, 44, 50,65; 2. 29,30, 43, 51, 64.

8. Epimys daltont, Thos.
6. 71,72. Kabwir, 2700’.

9. Arvicanthis mordax, Thos.

3g. 36 (young) ; 2. 45.
Not so rufous posteriorly as the type.

202 Mr. O. Thomas on Mammals of

10. Arvicanthis striatus venustus, Thos.

3. 14, 42 (young), 86.

'l‘he size-variation in this animal is considerable, and one
specimen—no, 40—alike in other respects, is so much
smaller that I do not venture definitely to include it with the
rest until further specimens show if intergradation is complete.

11. Arvicanthis barbarus nigerie, subsp. n.
&. 16 (young), 17 (young), 25; 2. 52, 53, 88.

Pattern and general colour-tone as in Moroccan A. barbarus,
but size scarcely greater than in A. dunnt. Light lines
buffy, not white as in A. owent.

Skull intermediate in size between those of A. barbarus
and dunnt.

Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :—

Head and body 108 mm.; tail 114; hind foot 24; ear 14.

Skull: greatest length 29°3; condylo-incisive length 27 ;
zygomatic breadth 13°4; palatal foramina 62; upper molar
series 5.

Type. Old female. B.M. no. 12.1.16.45. Original
number 88. Collected 21st October, 1911.

This is a small local race of the Barbary mouse, its colour
agreeing more with that of N. African specimens than with
either the Gambian oweni or the Soudanese dunni.

12. Dasymys sp.
d. 32 (young).

13. Acomys johannis, sp. n.

& «102 -°99:,! 10957 Kabwirs 2700's

A fairly large species, with bluish back and buffy sides.

Size about asin A. viator, geographically the nearest known
species. Coat fully spinous, the spines on the back about
10 mm. in length. Colour of dorsal area bluish grey, of
sides finely speckled fawn or buffy, which is sharply defined
below from the pure white under surface. Crown blue-grey ;
cheeks like sides, a large whitish spot below the eye and
another at the upper base of the ear. Hands and feet white.
Tail of normal length, brownish white above, white below.

Skull low, the ridges of medium development. Post-
orbital prominences well marked, so that the supraorbital
edges are slightly concave outwards. ‘Teeth larger than in
viator, Bulle rather small, much smaller than in that
species.

the Panyam Plateau, Northern Nigeria. 273

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 100 mm.; tail 100; hind foot 17;
ear 17.

Skull: greatest length 29°5 ; condylo-incisive length 26°6 ;
zygomatic breadth 14; nasals 11; interorbital breadth 4°5 ;
‘breadth on parietal ridges 12°5 ; height of supraorbital edge
from alveolus of m' 63; diastema 8; palatal foramina 7;
upper molar series 4°8.

Hab. Kabwir, 2700’.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 12.1.16.49. Original
number 109. Collected 15th February, 1911.

This is the first Acomys to be discovered in any part of
W. Africa, the Tripolitan A. viator being its nearest neigh-
bour. It may be distinguished from other species by its
grey back and buffy sides, in which respects it resembles
certain of the Somali species.

14. Uranomys foxi, sp. n.
g. 31. 7th July, 1911. B.M. no. 12. 1.16.50. Type.

A fairly large species; colour pale.

Size nearly equalling that of the Mt. Elgon U. ruddi,
markedly larger than in the Gambian UJ. owenz. Fur of the
same semispinous texture as the other species ; hairs of back
about 11 mm. in length. General colour of upper surface
grizzled drab, darker along the median dorsal area and
becoming more fulvous on the rump. Under surface dull
whitish, washed with drab, the line of demarcation little
marked ; hairs of the belly generally whitish to the roots,
but those of the median sternal region slaty grey basally,
where also in the type they are stained terminally ‘ walnut-
brown.” Hands and feet whitish, wrists and ankles greyish
brown. Tail uniformly finely haired, about as in U. rudd/,
hairier than in U. oweni, brown above, dull whitish below,
not sharply defined.

Skull slightly smaller than that of U. ruddi, decidedly
larger than in U. oweni. Brain-case narrower and lower
than in U. ruddi, the supraorbital ridges more strongly
developed. Occipital plane more vertical, not slanted forward
as in that animal. Palatal foramina excessively long,
reaching past the level of the back of the inner root of m’.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :-—

Head and body 105 mm.; tail 72; hind foot 18; ear 15.

Skull: condylo-basal length 28°1; condylo-incisive length
28°8; zygomatic breadth 14°4; nasals 9:7; interorbital
breadth 5:1; breadth across parietal ridges 10°6; palatilar

274 Geological Society.

length 15°3°; diastema9; palatal foramina 8°6 ; upper molar
series 4°5.

Type as above.

The discovery of an additional species of this remarkable
genus is of much interest. Its members must be excessively
rare or difficult to capture, as among nearly three thousand
small mammals collected by Mr. Robin Kemp in East Africa
and Uganda only one Uranomys was obtained, and the
Smithsonian East-African Expedition, among a still larger
number, also only got one. Two were got by Mr. Fenwick
Owen in French Gambia and another by Mr. Russell Roberts
in the same country, the present being therefore the sixth
example recorded.

15. Leggada musculoides, Temm.
3. 48.
16. Georychus fort, Thos.

G. 16,905 2. DEMO Moai o kd oa

A very uniform series of this well-marked and interesting
species.

Every specimen has a well-defined frontal spot, averaging
rather less than half an inch in diameter.

Mr. Fox has had several specimens alive in confinement,
and has made the remarkable observation that, in addition to
its normal diet of grass, root, and bulbs, this mole-rat eats
earthworms greedily.

Although not hitherto published, an analogous observation
was made by Major Barrett- Hamilton in 8. Africa, a specimen
of G. hottentotus collected by him bearing on the back of its
label “ Stomach full of ants.” A living specimen he had in
captivity refused to eat any vegetable food.

Mr. Fox has been unable to find insect remains in the
stomachs of such specimens as he has examined.

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
November 22nd, 1911.—Prof. W. W. Watts, Se.D., LL.D., M.Sce.,
F.R.S., President, in the Chair.
The following communication was read :—

‘The Evolution of Jnoceramus in the Cretaceous Period.’ By
Henry Woods, M.A., F.G.S8., Lecturer in Paleozoology in the
University of Cambridge.

The species of Inoceramus found in the Gault, the Upper Green-
sand, and the Chalk are considered to haye descended from two

Geological Society. 275

stocks which occur in the Lower Greensand, one being J. salomoni
d’Orb., the other of the type of J. neocomiensis d’Orb.,

(1) J. concentricus Park. (Lower and Upper Gault) is of the same
type as J. salomoni (Folkestone Beds and Mammillatum Bed), from
which it has been derived by the reduction in the length of the
‘hinge-line and in the height of the hinge-area, accompanied by a
greater obliquity of the axis of growth.

I, sulcatus Park. (Upper Gault) closely resembles J. concentricus,
except that it possesses strong radial ribs. Between these two
species every gradation is seen in the form known as J. concen-
tricus yar. subsulcatus Wiltsh. (Upper Gault), which in its early
stage is identical with J. concentricus, but at a later stage develops
radial folds ; the concentricus stage may be of long or short duration,
and consequently in some cases the folds occur near the margin of
the valves only, but in others may reach to near the umbo, while
in J, sulcatus they reach to the apex of the umbo.

I. tenuis Mant. (Red Chalk and Chalk Marl) is allied to J. con-
centricus, from which it has been derived by an increase in the
length of the hinge and a decrease in the prominence of the left
umbo. J. etheridget Woods (zone of P. asper to zone of H. sub-
globosus) is similar to J, tenwis, but its left umbo is smaller, the
valves less unequal, and the postero-dorsal region is less com-
pressed.

(11) J. anglicus Woods (Gault and Upper Greensand) resembles
I. neocomiensis, but the posterior part of the shell has become more
compressed, and the ventral curvature of the ribs has increased.
From J. anglicus two species appear to have arisen, namely, J, pictus
and J, crippsi.

A. I. pictus Sow. (Chalk Marl to H. subglobosus zone) approaches
the form of J. anglicus which has more numerous and more
regular ribs; and in it the ribs have become still more numerous
and more regular, and the anterior area has become more extensively
developed.

I. lamarcki Park. (zone of Rh. euvicri to zone of M. cor-anguinum)
shows a great amount of variation. An early form has nearly equal
valves and only slightly-developed concentric folds, and approaches
closely J. pictus, from which it is believed to have been derived.

I. involutus Sow. (zones of M. cor-testudinarium and M. cor-
anguinum) is linked by intermediate forms with the variety of
I. lamarcki which has a very convex left valve and prominent
umbo. In the intermediate forms the left valve loses its folds, and
develops a large, spirally-coiled umbo; the right valve becomes less
convex and gradually loses its anterior area, but retains the strong
concentric folds.

I. cordiformis Sow. (zone of M. cor-testudinarium to Uintacrinus
Band) has been derived from a variety of I. lamarcki with inflated
and nearly equal valves, by the development of one or two radial
sulci and a relatively longer hinge.

276 Geological Society.

T. costellatus Woods ' (Chalk Rock) appears to have come from an
early form of J. lamarcki by the axis of growth becoming more
oblique to the hinge and by the development of a more pointed
umbo.

I, subcardissoides Schliit., I. digitatus Sow., I. pinniformis Will.,
and J, corrugatus, Woods,” are allied one to the other, and appear
to have arisen from the less convex forms of J. lamarcki by the
development of radial folds such as occur occasionally in J, lamarcki
and allied species.

B. I. crippsi Mant. (Upper Greensand to zone of H. subglobosus)
agrees in many respects with the form of J. anglicus which has
fewer and less regular ribs, but in this species the hinge has become
somewhat shorter, the postero-dorsal part of the shell less com-
pressed, the anterior area smaller, the ribs fewer and more irregular
with a less strongly-marked posterior curvature.

In I. crippsi var. reachensis Eth. (Chalk Marl to zone of H. sub-
globosus) the shell has become relatively higher and the posterior
curvature of the ribs greater: this variety resembles closely the
small forms of J. labiatus (Schloth.) (zones of 2h. cuvieri and 7. lata) ;
but in later stages the shell in that species grows extensively in a
direction oblique to the hinge, and thus acquires a mytiliform shape.
In the zone of Terebratulina lata the specimens of J. labiatus are
usually longer and less high than in the zone of Fh. cuviert, and these
pass into I. labiatus var. latus Sow. (H.-planus Zone).

I. inconstans Woods * (zone of H. planus to zone of B. mucronata)
undoubtedly belongs to the Jabiatus stock, and the nearly flat forms
approach closely J. labiatus var. latus, from which they have
probably been derived.

I. balticus Bohm (zone of Marsupites to zone of B. mucronata)
possesses many of the characters of I. wconstans, from which it has
developed by an increase in the length of the hinge.

I, lingua Goldf. (zones of Marsupttes and A. quadratus) is similar
to the nearly flat forms of J. inconstans, but the shell has become
higher. J. lobatus Goldf. (zones of Marsupites and A. quadratus) is
near to J. lingua, but has developed an angular ridge between the
umbo and the postero-ventral extremity. J. cardissoides Goldf.
(zone of A. quadratus) and J. tuberculatus Woods * (zone of A. guad-
ratus) are closely related to I. lobatus.

I. undulato-plicatus Rom. (Upper Chalk) resembles the nearly
flat forms of J. inconstans, from which it appears to have been
derived by the development of diverging radial folds.

1 Q. J. G. & vol. liii (1897) pl. xxvii, figs. 14-17.

2 Type, British Museum, L 22528.

3G. A. Mantell, ‘ Foss. S. Downs’ 1822, pl. xxvii, fig. 9, & pl. xxviii, fig. 3;
and F. Dixon, ‘ Geology of Sussex’ 1850, pl. xxviii, fig. 29.

4 Type in Dr, A. W. Rowe's collection, from Sowerby (Yorkshire).

THE ANNALS
MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,
[FIGHTH SERIES.)

No. 51. MARCH :1912.

XXVIII.—The Classification of the Teleostean Fishes of the
Order Pediculati. By C. Tate Reaan, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Order PEDICULATI *.

ACANTHOPTEROUS physoclists with jugular pelvic fins, each
of a spine and 5 or fewer soft rays ; gill-membranes broadly
united to isthmus. Mouth bordered above mainly by the
preemaxillaries, which are often protractile; maxillaries
toothless; no supramaxillaries ; suborbitals unossified ;
hyo-palatine and opercular bones all present, except the
mesopterygoid, which is small or absent ; lower pharyngeals
separate. Parietals, when present, separated by supra-
occipital ; orbitosphenoid, basisphenoid, and _ opisthotic
absent ; first vertebra rigidly attached to skull, the neural
arch suturally united to the exoccipitals. Vertebral centra
co-ossified with arches ; posterior precaudal vertebra with
downwardly directed parapophyses; hypurals a pair of
expanded plates, which may unite to form one only; ribs
absent. Post-temporal short, simple, firmly attached or

* Gill’s recent popular illustrated memoirs on the life-histories of
the Angler and of the Toad-fishes (Smithsonian Mise. Coll. xlvii. 1905,

. 500, ‘and xlviii. 1907, p. 388) and on ‘ Angler Fishes; their Kinds and

ays’ (Smithsonian Rep. f. 1908, p. 565) contain much of interest
concerning the Pediculates.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. ix. 19

278 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

suturally united to epiote, pterotic, and sometimes parietal
and exoccipital; supra-cleithrum more or less elongate ;
post-cleithrum single ; hypercoracoid and hypocoracoid small ;

Pectoral arch (inner view) of A. Antennarius nummifer and
B. Batrachoides didactylus.

el, cleithrum ; sc/, supracleithrum ; pe/, post-cleithrum ;
sc, hypercoracoid ; cor, hypocoracoid ; 7, radial.

no mesocoracoid ; pectoral. radials elongate, the lowest con-
siderably expanded distally; pelvic bones directly attached
to cleithra.

Fig. 2.

Cp--

A. Bb.

Basal bones of caudal fin of A. Antennarius nummifer and
B. Batrachoides didactylus.

ep, epurals (epaxial basalia) ; Ay, hypurals.

The Batrachoidea are here included in the Pediculati
rather than in the Percomorphi, for it can hardly be the

Classification of the Order Pediculatt. 279

ease that the resemblances in osteological characters,
especially in the structure of the pectoral arch, are not
due to real affinity. In many ways the Batrachoids are
more generalized than the typical Pediculates, but in some
respects, notably the reduction in number of the pelvic fin-
. rays and the ankylosis of parietal and epiotic, they are more
specialized. The Pediculates might certainly be regarded as
highly specialized Percoids, were it not that in the Perco-
morphi all the principal hypurals are attached to the last
vertebra, whereas in the Batrachoids the upper hypural plate
is ankylesed to the last half-centrum, and that supporting
the lower half of the fin is united to the preceding centrum,
much as in the Salmoperce ; this seems to be a primitive
character.

Suborder 1. BATRACHOIDEA.
Spinous dorsal post-cephalic, of 2 to 4 pungent spines,
with fixed basalia; each pelvic fin of a spine and 2 or 3

Skull of Batrachoides didactylus, from above and from below.

v, vomer; Jleth, lateral ethmoid; f, frontal; p, parietal; soc, supra-
occipital ; ex, exoccipital; oc, basioccipital ; spo, sphenotic ;
pto, pterotic; pro, pro-otic; psp, parasphenoid; asp, alisphenoid ;
ptte, post-temporal; za, neural arch, and e¢, centrum of first
vertebra. :

soft rays. Gill-opening in front of base of pectoral ; gills 3,
none on the fourth branchial arch. Epiotics absent, or anky-
19%

280 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

losed with parietals, separated by supraoccipital ; no meseth-
moid. Epipleurals present, the first running from neural
arch of first vertebra to cleithrum. Upper bypural ankylosed
to last half-centrum, lower borne by preceding centrum.
4 or 5 pectoral radials.

Family Batrachoidide.

Body more or less elongate; head depressed ; mouth
wide, terminal, with conical or cardiform teeth in jaws and
on palate. Soft dorsal and anal more or less elongate;
pectorals broad-based. Skull depressed, flat above, more or
less contracted between and expanded behind the orbits ; :
parasphenoid and frontals united by suture between the
orbits. Vertebre 28-45 (1+ 9-12+4+17-34).

Principal genera: Batrachoides, Opsanus, Porichthys,
Thalassophryne.

The cranial osteology is illustrated by the accompanying
figures of the skull of "Batrachoides didactylus ; Opsanus tau
differs only in minor details, but in Porichthys porosissimus
the skull is more contracted between the orbits and the
lateral ethmoids are separated superiorly by a process of the
vomer, which reaches the frontals.

Suborder 2. LOPHIOIDEA.

Spinous dorsal, when complete, of 6 flexible spines, the
first 3 on the head, the first (c//ictum) typically terminating
in a flap or bulb; basal bone of illiclum movable in a
depression on top of head ; pelvic fins, when present, each
of a spine and 5 soft rays. Gill-opening above, behind, or
below, rarely partly in front of base of pectoral; gills 2, 24,
3424, or 3. Epiotics distinct from parietals, meeting
behind supraoccipital ; mesethmoid ossified. No epipleurals.
Hypural plates ankylosed to last vertebra. 2 or 3 pectoral
radials.

Division 1. LOPHIITFORMES.

Pelvic fins present. Lower pharyngeals dentigerous.
Gills 3, complete on first, wanting on fourth branchial arch ;
pseudobranchiz. Parasphenoid united by suture to frontals
between the orbits ; frontals in contact for the greater part
of their length ; upper surface of skull with a depression in
front of the supraoccipital. Praecaudal parapophyses directed
downwards and obliquely backwards, overlapping and closely
attached to each other.

op

Skull of Lophius piscatorius, from above and from below.

Lettering as in fig. 3. eth, mesethmoid; epo, epiovtic.

Family 1. Lophiide.

Body naked; head large, depressed ; mouth wide, pro-
tractile, with depressible cardiform teeth in jaws ; palate
usually toothed. Gill-opening below and behind, or partly
in front of base of pectoral. Spinous dorsal typically of
3 cephalic and 3 post-cephalic rays ; soft dorsal and anal
short or moderate. Vertebre 19 * to 32 ormore. ‘Two long
pectoral radials.

The Lophiidee are shore-fishes, or may live on the bottom
in deep water. There are 4 well-defined genera, viz. :
Lophius, Linn., Lophiomus, Gill, Sladenia, Regan, and
Chirolophius, Regan. The last is distinguished by the free
opercular flap and the long projecting pseudobrachia. In

* In “ Lophius” brachysomus, Agass., from the Upper Eocene of
Monte Bolca, there are about 19 vertebree, as in Lophzomus and Chiro-
lophius.

282 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

Lophius (27 to 82 vertebra) and Lophiomus (19 vertebre) the
gill-openings are below and behind the bases of the pectorals,
which can be received within them, whereas in Sladenia the
pectorals are borne on very long projecting pseudobrachia.

Goode and Bean (‘Oceanic Ichthyology,’ 1896) have
proposed the name Lophiodes for Lophius mutilus, Alcock,
which may be a Chirolophius, but differs from the species
certainly referred to that genus at least in the absence of a
terminal flap to the illicium and the reduction of the post-
cephalic portion of the spinous dorsal.

Division 2. ANTENNARIIFORMES.

Pelvic fins present. Lower pharyngeals dentigerous.
Gills complete on second and third arches, absent or reduced
to a hemibranch on first and fourth; pseudobranchie
vestigial or absent. Parasphenoid not meeting frontals ;
depression on upper surface of skull in front of the supra-
occipital; frontals united for a short distance posteriorly,
separate for the greater part of their length. Preecaudal
parapophyses directed vertically downwards, free.

Synopsis of the Families.

I. Spinous dorsal 3-rayed; mesethmoid lying between, but separate
from, orbital portions of frontals.

Rays of spinous dorsal separate, or connected at

the base only; gill-opening below base of

pectoral ; 8 pectoral radials..........-... 1. Antennariide.
Second and third rays of spinous dorsal fully

connected; gill-opening behind base of

pectoral; 2 pectoral radials .............. 2. Brachionichthyide.

II. Spinous dorsal represented by the illicium only.

Mesethmoid in front of orbital portions of

frontals; gill-opening behind pectoral ;

mouth very oblique; illicium supra-rostral ;

S pectoral radials: ag is< fe te maice es ee 3. Chaunacide.
Mesethmoid between orbital portions of frontals ;

gill-opening above pectoral; mouth hori-

zontal; illicium in a cavity at anterior end

of snout; 2 pectoral radials ...,.......... 4. Onchocephalide.

Family 1. Antennariide.
Naked or spinulose, compressed; mouth protractile ;
teeth in jaws and on palate; gills $+24; gill-opening
small, immediately below base of pectoral. Spinous dorsal

Classification of the Order Pediculatt. 283

of 3 cephalic rays, separate or connected at the base ; soft
dorsal moderate or rather long, anal short or moderate.
Mesethmoid narrow, forming a vertical interorbital septum,
lying between but well separated from the orbital portions
_of the frontals ; posterior end of mesethmoid attached to
anterior end of united portion of frontals (fig. 5, B) ; opercles
narrow. Vertebre 19; pracaudals not elongate, with
separate neural spines and from the fifth with strong parapo-
physes. Three long pectoral radials.

Subfamily 1. Awrewwariuvz *.

Form rather deep; mouth moderate, vertical or oblique,
with well-developed cardiform teeth; eyes lateral, not pro-
jecting. Illicium of moderate length, with terminal flap ;
soft dorsal of 10 to 15 rays, anal of 6 to 9; pectoral un-
divided ; pelvics free.

Antennarius, Pterophryne, Saccarius, &c., with numerous
species from tropical seas.

Subfamily 2. Terrapracuiy 2.

Form elongate ; mouth small, transverse, superior ; teeth
feeble ; eyes superior, projecting. Llicium a small simple
filament ; soft dorsal of 18 rays, anal of 12; pectoral divided
into an upper and a lower portion; pelvic broadly connected
by membrane to base of pectoral.

A single species, Tetrabrachium ocellatum, Giiuth., from
New Guinea.

Family 2. Brachionichthyide.

Brachionichthys, with a few species from Southern
Australia, differs externally from the Antennariine in the
more elongate form, the second and third rays of the spinous
dorsal fully connected by membrane, the longer soft dorsal
(15 to 20 rays), and the higher and more posterior gill-
openings, behind the pectorals. The skeleton has been
figured by Cuvier (Mém. Mus. Paris, i. 1817, pl. 18) and
is similar to that of Antennarius, except that there are
23 vertebre and only 2 pectoral radials.

Family 3. Chaunacide.
Chaunax, with a few species from rather deep water,
differs from the Antennariide in many important characters ;

* Histionotophorus bassani, Zigno, from the Upper Locene o Monte
Bolca, probably belongs to this subfamily (¢f. Eastman, Bull. Mus, Comp.
Zool, xlvi. 1904, p. 32, and Gill, ‘Science,’ (2) xx. p. 845).

284 Mr. U. T. Regan on the

the head is as broad as deep; the spinous dorsal is repre-
sented only by the illictum, which is short, with a large
terminal transverse expansion, the whole folding back in a
naked area on the upper surface of the snout, the rest of the
fish being spinulose; there is no gill on the first arch ; the
gill-openings are above and behind the base of the pectorals.
Garman’s figure (Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. xxiv. 1899,
pl. xvi.) shows that the vertebral column and pectoral arch
are Antennariid, but the opercles are notably broader. I
have ascertained that the interorbital portions of the frontals
are longer and less widely separated than in Antennarius,
and that the mesethmoid lies in front of instead of between

them (fig. 5, C).

Skulls of A. Halieutea stellata, B. Antennarius nummifer, and
C. Chaunax pictus, seen from above (somewhat diagrammatic).

Lettering as in preceding figures.

Family 4, Onchocephalide.

Body spinate; mouth small or moderate, horizontal,
terminal or subterminal, protractile downwards ;_ villiform
teeth in jaws and sometimes on palate; gills 2 or 24, no
gill on the first arch; gill-opening small, above base of
pectoral, Spinous dorsal represented by the illicium, which
has a very short stalk and broad transverse expansion, the
whole contained in a cavity on anterior surface of snout;
soft dorsal and anal short, few-rayed, posterior. Mesethmoid
ossified as an interorbital septum, but broadening out above

Classification of the Order Pediculati. 285

and filling the interspace between the frontals (fig. 5, A) ;
opercles very broad. Vertebrwe 19; third to sixth elongate ;
precaudals with neural arches laminar, rigidly united,
posteriorly (from the seventh) with rather feeble parapo-
_ physes. Two long pectoral radials.

Principal genera: Onchocephalus (Malthe), Halieutea,
Hlalieutichthys, Dibranchus, Malthopsis, Halicmetus, Calo-
phrys.

Garman has figured the skeleton of Malthopsis (Mem.
Mus. Comp. Zool. xxiv. 1899, pl. xxvi.).

In the typical genera the tail is well-marked off from a
strongly depressed circular, ovate, cordate or triangular disc ;
in Halieutella (which may be a young Halieutichthys) the
dise is subspherical; in Cwlophrys the form is oblong, as
broad as deep, the trunk gradually passing into the tail.

Like the Lophiidse, these are shore-fishes or live on the
bottom in deep water.

Division 3. CERATIIFORMES.

Pelvic fins absent. Lower pharyngeals reduced, toothless.
Gills complete on second and third arches, absent or reduced
to a hemibranch on first and fourth; no pseudobranchie.
Parasphenoid not meeting frontals; a trough or groove on
upper surface of skull, its floor wholly or mainly formed by
supraoccipital. Praecaudal parapophyses directed vertically
downwards, free. Pectoral radials comparatively short.

These are fishes of the open sea, swimming at various
depths, uniform in colour, and with the illicium often ter-
minating in a luminous bulb.

Synopsis of the Families.

I, Illicium present, inserted on upper surface of head; a single
nostril on each side.
A. Anal fin short, few-rayed ; pectorals small.
1. Soft dorsal short, few-rayed.
Mouth protractile; parietals present; frontals
united throughout their length; 3 pectoral
LULL a Ge Acer aere eee ee 1. Ceratide.
Mouth not protractile; parietals absent; frontals
separated by the supraoccipital ; 2 pectoral
77S cop cheignoatlineg ator eens ie foe ina 2. Himantolophide.
2. Soft dorsal longer, of 12 to 15 rays; mouth not protractile ;
parietals present; frontals separatéd by the supraoccipital ;

Se POCLOLAU TRQURI Soyo oc nd se siereie 3. Melanocetide.
B. Anal and soft dorsal moderately long, of 11 to17 rays; pectorals
ARM acta 3 Olen bly omiod sa aid we» 4, Caulophrynide.
II. Illicium inserted at end of snout ........ 5. Gigantactinide.

III. Illicium absent; two nostrils on each side. 6, Aceratiide.

286 Mr. C. T. Regan on the

It will be seen that I am able to give osteological charac-
ters for only 3 of the 6 families, but these are exceptionally
well defined. Liitken has given valuable descriptions,
accompanied by excellent figures, of the osteology of
Ceratias and Himantolophus (Dan. Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. (5)
x1. 1878, pp. 307-348, c. figg., and (6) iv. 1887, pp. 323-
334, c. pl.). Garman’s figure of the skeleton of Dolopichthys
(Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. xxiv. pl. xiv.) does not reveal any
essential differences from Himantolophus. As most of the
species of this group in the British Museum collection are
represented by unique types, a thorough osteological study
was out of the question ; onthe other hand, the skin of these
fishes is so loose, that once an incision has been made
(which has generally been done to ascertain the branchial
formula) it is a very simple matter to examine the bones of
the upper surface of the head. ‘Thus I have been able to
ascertain that Diceratias shows many important resemblances
to Himantolophus, but Melanocetus differs in the presence of
well-developed parietals.

Skulls of A. Diceratias bispinosus, B. Ceratias holbolli, and C. Melanocetus
johnsonti, seen from above (somewhat diagrammatic). B is based
on Liitken’s figure.

Lettering as before.

Family 1. Ceratiide.

Strongly compressed; eyes small; gill-openings below
and immediately behind pectorals ; gills 24. Mouth pro-

Classification of the Order Pediculati. 287

tractile, oblique or subvertical, moderately wide; teeth in
jaws acicular, depressible ; palate toothless. Spinous dorsal
represented by a long slender illicium with terminal bulb
inserted on the upper surface of the head, and by a second
_post-cephalic spine, sometimes replaced by 2 or 3 caruncles ;
soft dorsal and anal short, posterior, each of 3 or 4 rays;
pectorals small.

Premaxillary pedicels moderately long; maxillaries ex-
panded and truncated distally. Skull long and narrow ;
frontals meeting throughout their length; supraoccipital
narrow, forming the floor of a groove which is bounded
laterally by the large parietals (fie. 6, B); epiotics not pro-
minent on upper surface of skull ; : opercles narrow. ‘lhree
pectoral radials. Vertebree 20 (1149).

Genera: Ceratias, Mancalias, Cryptosparas.

Family 2. Himantolophida.

Mouth not protractile, vertical, oblique or horizontal, wide
or moderately wide; teeth in jaws acicular, depressible ;
vomer sometimes toothed. Gills 24 or $4234, the first arch
with or without a hemibranch. Spinous dorsal a supra-
rostral illicium with terminal bulb, sometimes followed by a
second ray ; soft dorsal and anal posterior, short, few-rayed ;
pectorals small, Pramaxillary pedicels short; maxillaries
slender; opercles narrow; skull with a large trough
superiorly, the floor formed mainly by the large supra-
occipital, which extends forward to the ethmoid region, the
margins formed by the frontal ridges, which end posteriorly in
a pair of prominent spines borne by the sphenoties (fig. 6, A) ;
frontals completely separated ; parietals absent (or ankylosed
with the sphenotics). ‘I'wo pectoral radials. Vertebree
19 (10+-9).

Synopsis of the Genera.

I, Spinous dorsal of two rays.
Second ray of spinous dorsal above

PEGS ei ds pce netee encase Oneirodes, Liitken, 1871.
Second ray of spinous dorsal immediately
Bemmd the first 4.5 fk eile cc es Diceratias, Giinth., 1887 (incl.

Paronewrodes, Alcock, 1890).
II. Spinous dorsal of a single ray. ;

A. A long hyoid barbel, bifid distally.
Linophryne, Coll., 1886.

288 On the Classification of the Order Pediculatt.
B. No barbel.

1. Skin without scutes ........ Dolopichthys, Garm., 1899.

2. Skin with large spinate scutes.
Form, compressed 4 oc: eit ee tee Himantolophus, Reinh., 1837.
Form depressed 2 mo eee eree seer Aegeonichthys, Clarke, 1878 *.

Family 3. Melanocetide.

Mouth not protractile, vertical, wide; teeth in jaws
acicular, depressible; vomer sometimes toothed. Gills 24.
Spinous dorsal represented by a supra-rostral illicium with
terminal bulb; soft dorsal posterior, moderately long, of
12 to 15 rays; anal short, 4-rayed ; pectorals small. Pre-
maxillary pedicels short; maxillaries slender ; skull short
and broad, with a large trough superiorly, the floor mainly
formed by the large supraoccipital, which extends forward
to the ethmoid region; frontals completely separated
(fig. 6, C) ; sphenotic not bearing a spine ; opercles narrow.
‘hree pectoral radials.

Genera: Melanocetus, Liocetus.

Family 4. Caulophrynide.

Mouth not protractile, wide, moderately oblique ; teeth
acicular, in jaws and on palate. Gills $+24. Lllicium
slender, with terminal bulb, inserted on upper surface of
head; soft dorsal and anal rather long, of 11 to 16 rays,
which are considerably produced ; pectorals large and broad-
based.

This family includes a single genus, Caulophryne, with
2 species, C. jordani, Goode & Bean, and C. pelagicus,
Brauer. Probably the opercles are broader and the pectoral
radials longer than in other Ceratiiformes.

Family 5. Gigantactinide.
Gigantactis vanhoeffen, Brauer, 1902, differs from the
Ceratiide and Himantolophidze in the insertion of the
illicium at the extremity of the snout.

Family 6. Aceratiide.

Mouth terminal, horizontal; 3 rostral denticles (? pre-
maxillary teeth) above middle of upper jaw; eyes directed
forward; 2 nostrils on each side. LIllicium absent; soft
dorsal and anal very small, 2- or 3-rayed.

* This genus may not be distinct from Himantolophus, as a fish
said to be specifically identical with H. reinhardtii has recently been

described and figured as broader than deep (Williamson, Rep. Fishery
Board for Scotland, 1909 (1911), pt. 3, p. 51).

On Heterocera from Costa Rica, 289

The 3 species described by Dr. Brauer (‘ Valdivia’ Tief-
seefische, p. 323, 1906) may be referred to 2 genera:
Aceratias (macrorhinus, indicus), with fixed teeth and with a
large nasal papilla bearing a small anterior and large
posterior nostril; and Haplophryne, gen. nov. (mollis), with
-depressible teeth and without nasal papilla.

XXIX.—New Species of Heterocera from Costa Rica.—XI1V.
By W. Scuaus, F.Z.S.

Pyralide.
Subfamily Prravsrinz.
Neurophyseta turrialbalis, sp. n.

9. Palpi and head white. Collar and thorax white,
shaded with dark yellow. Abdomen: basal segment
whitish, with round, subdorsal, fuscous-brown spots ; other
segments orange, with paler transverse shades and a dark
segmental line on third segment. Fore wings deep orange ;
a basal spot and origin of lines on costa fuscous; a darker
subbasal shade, marked by fuscous-brown spots in cell and
below cell, and followed by a yellowish-white shade; ante-
medial and medial orange-brown lines, oblique on costa,
angled on subcostal, the former straight, the latter inbent
below vein 2, straight below submedian, the space between
the lines whitish above and below submedian; an inbent
crescent on discocellular, whitish, faintly edged with dark
irrorations; postmedial remote, fine, dark, geminate, di-
vided by a whitish line, outcurved from costa, obsolescent
below 4, and preceded by a small whitish shade between 5
and 7 ; a marginal black streak from apex to vein 3. Hind
wings white ; an antemedial and a postmedial orange line;
the termen shaded with orange, suffusing with an indistinct
subterminal orange line.

Expanse 17 mm.

Hab. Turrialba, 5000 feet.

Scybalista sanctalis, sp. u.

2. Palpi white, laterally shaded with grey. Body above
dark grey ; white segmental lines on abdomen; underneath
whitish. Fore wings brownish grey ; base slightly darker,

290 Mr. W. Schaus on

limited by a wavy line, dark to submedian, white and out-
bent on inner margin; antemedial line white, incurved
between veins, inbent on inner margin; medial space shaded
with whitish beyond cell, dark brownish grey below cell to
inner margin ; postmedial finely lunular, dark brownish grey,
outwardly edged with white, straight on costa, outcurved
from 7-2, twice curved below it ; apical area dark shaded; a
whitish marginal shade, oblique from postmedial at vein 4 to
termen near tornus. Hind wings semihyaline bronze-white ;
a terminal fuscous line.
Expanse 19 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Lipocosmia plagalis, sp. n.

~ 2. Palpi white, the joints tipped with pale fawn. Head,
collar, and thorax pale fawn, shaded with white; a reddish-
brown streak behind vertex. Abdomen: first segment
white, with subdorsal dark brown spots; second segment
yellowish buff, with smaller dark subdorsal spots; third
segment dark brown, other segments dark grey, all with seg-
mental white lines. Body underneath white. Fore wings
pale bistre ; base white, crossed by a fine outangled bistre
line, irrorated with dark brown scales on inner margin; a
fine medial bistre line, angled on costa, irrorated with dark
brown from subcostal to inner margin; the space below cell
from medial to outer lines dark brown, slightly paler on inner
margin; end of cell and space beyond to outer line semi-
hyaline whitish buff, with a few dark scales anteriorly about
discocellular ; outer line fine, black-brown from vein 8,
deeply outcurved and suffusing with dark medial space at
vein 3; a terminal white shade above vein 6 ; a subterminal
white line from vein 4 to tornus; cilia silvery. Hind wings:
discal space to outer line semihyaline buff-white; tufts below
cell brown, tipped with black; outer line fine, black-brown,
outcurved and inangled at vein2; marginal space pale bistre,
the termen whitish; a terminal interrupted fine dark line,
expanding into a small spot below vein 2.

Expanse 16 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Close to L. ausonialis, Dr.; distinguished by the dark
medial space below cell.

Entephria leucinodialis, sp. n.

$. Body white. Wings iridescent white, semihyaline.
Fore wings: costal margin more thickly scaled ; a brownish

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 291

streak on costa towards base and two short streaks in cell
below it; a white line on discocellular, edged with pale
brown ; outer line fuscous, broad, and slightly oblique in-
wardly from costa to vein 4, finer and outcurved between
4 and 2, then slightly inbent to inner margin; the marginal
space shaded with light brown, except on costa at apex.
Hind wings: a brownish shade on discocellular, followed by
some dark points ; a subterminal fuscous line, more heavily
marked on costa and inner margin, otherwise indistinct and
outcurved between 4 and 2; termen more heavily scaled,
silvery white.

Expanse 21 mm.

Hab. Poas.

Desmia cristine, sp. n.

d. Antenne ciliated. Palpi black-brown, fringed below
with silvery white. Head black. Collar fuscous, shaded
with copper-colour. Thorax above and abdomen bright
copper-colour ; thorax below and terminal segments of abdo-
men black-brown; throat and fore femora silvery white.
Wings dark bronze. Fore wings: costa tinged with viola-
ceous ; a copper-coloured patch at base, not extending on
costal margin ; a medial semihyaline white fascia from sub-
costal to near submedian; a similar narrower streak from
vein 8 to vein 3. Hind wings: a medial narrow fascia,
narrowing and terminating before inner margin; cilia
fuscous, with a fine greyish line at base and tipped with
white.

Expanse 21 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Named after Mrs. M. C. Keith.

Desmia grandisalis, sp. n.

9. Palpi, head, and thorax fuscous ; throat silvery white.
Abdomen fuscous grey above, white underneath. Wings
black-brown, markings opalescent white. Fore wings: a
broad outbent fascia near middle from subcostal to sub-
median fold; a large oblique spot beyond cell from vein 8 to
near vein 3, its outer edge straight, its inner edge rounded ;
cilia tipped with white near tornus. Hind wings: a large
discal patch not reaching base, costa, or inner margin, the
upper edge interrupted by a small black spot towards base,
the outer edge straight to vein 5, then angled and straight
towards inner margin ; cilia tipped with white.

Expanse 36 mm.

Hab. Cachi.

292 Mr. W. Schaus on

Desmia flavalis, sp. n.

3. Palpi yellow, laterally shaded with fuscous grey.
Head and body deep yellow; a transverse white line on last
segment anteriorly ; anal tufts brown. Wings yellow.
Fore wings: a fuscous basal line across costa and cell; an
autemedial dark line, somewhat wavy and thickest just below
median ; a large spot at end of cell outlined in fuscous, ex-
tending above subcostal ; the outer margin broadly purplish
brown, its inner edge darkest, nearly straight from costa to
vein 2, then inbent and straight to inner margin. Hind
wings : a dark discal spot ; a fine, irregular, dark postmedial
line; the outer margin purplish brown, wide at apex,
narrowing toa point at anal angle.

Eixpanse 32 mm.

Hab, Sixola, Tuis, Juan Vinas.

Allied to D. chryseis, Hmpsn.

Syngamia nebulosalis, sp. n.

?. Palpi dark brown, fringed with white at base. Head
and thorax greyish brown. Abdomen whitish buff, irrorated
with brown and with white segmental lines. Wings
whitish, the lines fuscous brown. Fore wings thinly clouded
with brown; the base shaded with brown ; a slightly curved
antemedial line outwardly shaded with brown; a line on
discocellular; a medial line from vein 2 to inner margin ;
postmedial slightly incurved from costa to vein 6, and from
6 to 2, where it is slightly upbent towards discocellular ;
outer margin broadly fuscous brown, expanding below vein 2
to inner margin ; cilia whitish below apex and above tornus,
with an interrupted basal brown line. Hind wings: an ante-
medial shade; a spot at end of cell and medial line from
below cell to inner margin; a postmedial line, expanding
from vein 2 to anal angle ; a subterminal broken line froma
large apical space to postmedial at vein 2; a terminal line
not reaching anal angle.

Expanse 21 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Trithyris pretiosalis, sp. n.

?. Palpi dark brown. Head whitish, frons partly divided
by a brown line; brown tips to scales on vertex. Collar
grey-brown, with onter oblique whitish lines. Thorax white,
shaded with fuscous brown behind. Abdomen: first two
segments white, with lateral black spots; third segment

ITeterocera from Costa Rica, 293

fuscous, fourth and fifth light reddish brown, all with seg-
mental white lines; terminal segments whitish. Wings
mostly opalescent white, thinly scaled. Fore wings: hasal
area to antemedial brown, except a narrow white basal space
crossed by a fine dentate black line; antemedial fuscous,
‘outwardly oblique from costa ; a small black spot in cell; a
reddish-brown streak on discocellular, irrorated with yellowish
scales and edged in cell witha fuscous line ; from just beyond
middle of inner margin a sinuous fuscous line extends to near
discocellular, where it is curved and downbent to submedian ;
inner margin from just beyond origin of this line reddish
brown, irrorated with black; a broad postmedial area broadly
bright reddish brown, not extending above vein 8, followed
by a fine, black, wavily dentate line from costa, slightly
incurved from veins 8 to 5, then outcurved and not reaching
vein 2; a large terminal fuscous-brown spot from vein 8 toapex.
Hind wings: base fuscous brown, and a similar streak across
cell; a postmedial fuscous streak from vein 2 to inner margin ;
a large apical fuscous-brown spot preceded by a sinuous
wavy line, becoming terminal at vein 2; termen narrowly
silvery white; cilia of both wings white, spotted with
fuscous at apices.

Expanse 33 mm.

The male differs in having the anal angle of hind wings
more produced and shaded with fuscous.

Expanse 30 mm,

Hab, Sixola.

Allied to 7. apicolor, Dr., which also oceurs in Costa Rica,
is smaller and has the hind wings differently marked.

Bocchoris obliqualis, sp. n.

9. Palpi dark brown, faintly fringed with buff. Head
brownish grey. Body white; reddish-yellow lines on collar,
patagia, and abdomen above ; fuscous segmental lines on last
three segments, Wings yellowish white, lines brown shaded
with deep yellow; termen narrowly dark brown. Fore
wings: costa deep yellow, with fine annular fuscous lines
and a fuscous streak along subcostal ; a subapical fuscous
oblique shade; basal line straight; subbasal curved ; apte-
medial straight, followed by a yellow spot in cell, outwardly
limited by a fuscous line ; a deep yellow line on discocellular
edged on either side by a fuscous line, meeting behind and
then slightly inbent to inner margin ; postmedial fine, wavy,
and irregular, inbent from vein 3 to Inner margin; a subter-
minal dentate punctiform line from subapical shade to vein 2,

Ann, & Mag, N. Hist. Ser. 8, Vol, ix. 2h}

294 Mr. W. Schaus on

where it suffuses with a brown shade to tornus. Hind
wings: a spot in cell and one on inner margin, antemedial ;
a meédialed lark line downbent on inner margin ; a postmedial
line, interrupted by an annular spot and icegaent to tornus ;
a subterminal line from costa to termen at vein 2.

Expanse 16 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Guapiles.

Allied to B, adalis, Wik.

Bocchoris placitalis, sp. n.

@. Palpi reddish brown, fringed with white. Head light
reddish brown; a white patch on frons and a white spot
between antennee. Collar reddish brown in front, silvery
white behind. Thorax reddish brown and white. Abdo-
men white, reddish-brown segmental lines and an angled
line on each segment. Wings white, faintly silvery, lines
dark brown edged with yellow. ore wings: a broad fascia
from costa at one-fifth from base to inner margin before
tornus, below it, inbent basal, antemedial, and medial lines,
the last from submedian; a heavier medial line straight to
inner margin ; above fascia a medial spot in cell containing
a light brown shade; the costa medially light yellow-brown ;
a nearly straight line across discocellular to fascia at sub-
median, followed by a fine line incurved towards cell, outbent to
vein 9, then wavily downbent to 2, curved and upbent to costa,
suffusing with discocellular line between 5 and 7, and con-
nected with it by streaks on 2 and 8; the postmedial space
enclosed by the curved line, crossed by a dark line on vein 4,
below vein 5, and an oblique line above 5; an incurved sub-
terminal line from apex to termen at vein 4 and a wavily
incurved line from 4 to fascia before tornus ; a terminal line;
cilia brown tipped with buff, and some fuscous spots. Hind
wings: inner margin with a short streak at base, and short
medial and postmedial lines ; from base below cell and vein 2
a broad clear white space to termen; a medial line across
cell; a line across end of cell, angled and downbent, crossed
by a short line, angled again at vein 2, and outbent to irre-
gular marginal brown space, which contains two large round
white spots, the spot towards vein 2 not completely edged
with brown,

Expanse 20 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas,

TTeterocera from Costa Rica. 295

Pilociocis apellalis, sp. n.

3. Palpi fuscous grey. Head brown, with white lines
near eyes. Collar, thorax in front, and patagia orange ;
thorax behind fuscous, with a medial orange line. Abdomen
black above, underneath white, with last two segments and
anal hairs orange. Wings: the veins broadly purple-black ;
the interspaces bluish grey, opalescent ; cilia black.

Expanse 40 mm.

Hab. Avangarez.

Pilocrocis mapetalis, sp. n.

3. Palpi brown above, buff below. Head, body, and
Wings orange. Fore wings: outer margins with veins
broadly black, interspaces whitish, widest on costa, narrowest
at vein 3. Hind wings: outer margin similar, the inter-
spaces only whitish on termen; the streaks shorter tewards
anal angle.

Expanse 35 mm.

Hab, Tuis, Sixola,

Pilocrocis modestalis, sp. n.

&. Palpi fuscous grey, each joint shaded with buff. Body
fuscous brown above, white underneath. Wings silky brown,
the lines fuscous. Fore wings: costa shaded with fuscous
grey ; antemedial line from subcostal somewhat outbent ; a
black point in cell and small spot on discoeellular; post-
medial straight from costa to below vein 3, inbent to below
discocellular at vein 2, and straight to inner margin. Hind
wings: a discal streak, postmedially inbent below vein 3.
Underneath paler, shaded with white at base; markings
similar, but more distiuet.

Expanse 29 nm.

Hab. Sixola.

Pilocrocis musalis, sp. n.

g. Palpi fuscous brown, white at base ; a lateral buff spot
on second joint. Body fuscous brown above, underneath
buff-white ; brown spots on fore tarsi. Fore wings brown,
tinged with purplish; costal margin fuscous; four semi-
hyaline whitish spots beyond cell from veins 3-7, and a

small spot in cell, all rather indistinct. Hind wings silky
20*

296 Mr. W. Schaus on

brown, thinly scaled near cell, between veins 2 and 4, and
above 5.
Expanse 30 mm.

flab. Sixola, Banana River.

Pilocrocis sixolalis, sp. n.

3. Body and wings dull greyish brown ; anal hairs
whitish buff; wings slightly iridescent, the termen broadly
dark brown except at apex of fore wing. Fore wings: an
antemedial fuscous point in cell and dentate dark line from
median ‘to inner margin; an oblique black spot at end of
cell ; a smaller spot below vein 2; a faint streak on fold and
small spot on inner margin ; an outer row of dark points
between veins from 8-2, Hind wings: a dark shade on
upper part of disocellular; a faint outer line of spots, inset
below vein 2.

Expanse 34 mm.

Flab. Juan Vinas, Sixola.

Near P. liberalis, Gn.

Pilocrocis tortuosalis, sp. n.

3. Body buff-brown; abdomen dorsally irrorated with
fuscous grey. Wings whitish buff, the outer margins
broadly and lines dark brown. Fore wings: a punctiform
basal line; antemedial outwardly oblique from costa, straighter
below cell, followed by a small spot in cell ; a large quadrate
spot at end of cell, divided by a pale line on discocellular ;
postmedial fuscous brown, finely lunular, slightly outbent
from costa to submedian fold, upbent to cell, curved in-
wardly and outbent, forming a horseshoe, straight from
submedian to inner margin; from vein 4 to fold the post-
medial suffuses with tie brown terminal space; an inter-
rupted terminal whitish-buff line. Hind wings: a fuscous
shade at end of cell, crossed by a medial fuscous line; the
postmedial straight from costa, outset and finely lunular from
veins 5-2; the marginal brown space narrowing towards
anal angle.

Expanse 34 mm.

Hab, Juan Vinas, Esperanza.

Ulopeza syleptalis, sp. n.

?. Palpi brownish, fringed with white at base. Head
white; collar white, shaded in front with orange. Thorax
white; patagia edged with orange. Abdomen dorsally

i ee et,

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 297

3
white segmental lines, broadest at base. Fore wings white ;
below vein 5 from cell to termen dark lilacine brown, the
termen above 5 only narrowly so; veins on white portion
orange, also an oblique line at base from cell to antemedial
on inner margin; transverse lines dark lilacine brown; a
lilacine brown streak above subcostal to beyond cell, extreme
costa lighter brown; a white streak postmedially; a sub-
basal line to submedian ; an antemedial line oblique across
cell, then straight to inner margin; an oblique medial spot
in cell and a medial streak on submedian fold; a spot at end
of cell, bifurcating from vein 6 to subcostal; a subterminal
irregular line from vein 5 to costa. Hind wings thinly
scaled, whitish, the outer margin shaded with fuscous.
Expanse 26 mm,

Hab, Juan Vinas, Tuis.

orange-brown on basal half, greyish brown terminally, with

Acridura cerulealis, sp. n.

3. Palpi white on basal half, fuscous terminally. Body
above black shot with dark blue; underneath silvery white ;
legs streaked with fuscous. [Fore wings dark blue on basal
half and along costa, otherwise dark purplish; cilia dark
brown, tipped with white. Hind wings dark violaceous
blue ; inner margin broadly dark brown. Underneath dark
silky brown; hind wings with tuft of scales on vein 2 at
termen.

Expanse 25 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Acridura pulchralis, sp. n.

g. Antenne black, with long tufts of hairs along basal
third. Palpi black. Head and collar black, with metallic
gloss. Thorax black; a central silvery-grey shade; below
dark brown, a crimson lateral spot near head. Abdomen
above deep yellow, shaded with crimson on basal half, ter-
minally silky black; anal hairs whitish buff; underneath
crimson, the last two segments black. Fore wings viola-
ceous black; termen bronze-brown; inner margin coal-
black ; cilia black or grey according to light. Hind wings
semihyaline through and below cell; the margins broadly
dark violaceous brown.

Expanse 25 mm.

Hlab. Juan Vinas.

298 Mr. W. Schaus on

Phryganodes albicilialis, sp. 0.

3. Palpi, head, neck, pectus, legs, abdomen below, and
ferminal segments above orange ; a fuscous ring at base of
fore tarsi. Body otherwise and wings fuscous tinged with
grey; cilia white. Fore wings: the .basal half shot with
dull blue.

Expanse 48 mm.

Hab. Tuis, Juan Vinas.

Phryganodes argentigulalis, sp. n.

3. Palpi fawn-colour, the base and throat silvery white.
Body fawn-colour, tinged with grey on thorax and base of
abdomen; anal tufts silvery white, shaded dorsally with
brown; underneath white. Fore and mid femora shaded
with brown-grey ; tarsi, mid and hind tibiz silvery white ;
fore tibia broadly ringed with fuscous ; hind tibia with long
black tufts. Wings grey-brown ; cilia with a buff line at
base. Fore wings: traces of an outbent antemedial line; a
black point in cell ; a small black spot on discocellular ; outer
line fine, almost punctiform, outeurved, and with a large
black spot on submedian fold. Hind wings: a small black
discal spot ; postmedial line curved, inbent at vein 2, Wings
below rather greyer, the markings as on upper side, but
rather finer.

Jixpanse 32 mm.

Hab. Esperanza, Sixola.

Phryganodes anxiferalis, sp. n.

g. Palpi dull grey-brown, fringed with buff at base.
Body ochreous brown; fine white segmental lines on last
segments; anal tufts black, with a central buff line. Legs
buff; a fuscous ring on fore tibia. Wings ochreous brown,
the outer margin broadly suflused with fuscous except at
apex of fore wings; lines black. Fore wings: an ante-
medial curved line ; a point in cell and a larger but small
black spot on discocellular ; postmedial remote, finely lunular,
and nearly straight to below vein 3, inbent towards cell above
2 and wavy to inner margin in a line with discocellular.
Hind wings: a discal streak; postmedial line outcurved
beyond cells cilia whitish buff. Wings below paler, with
only a faint trace of postmedial line.

Hxpanse 32 mm,

Ilab, Sixola.

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 299

Phryganodes clementalis, sp. n.

3. Palpi fuscous, fringed on basal half with whitish.
Body fuscous brown above, ‘whitish buff underneath. ‘Thorax
below with large fan- shaped tufts of silvery- -grey scales.
Wings very dark silky brown. Fore wings: outer margin
oblique ; costa fuscous brown; a fuscous shade on disco-
cellular ; very faint traces of a broad antemedial and_post-
medial darker shade ; cilia fuscous grey. Hind wings trian-
gular, slightly produced at anal angle, the apex extending
beyond tornus of fore wing; cilia tipped with whitish grey
on anal half.

Expanse 23 mm.

Hiab. Guapiles.

Phryganodes evanidalis, sp. n

3. Palpi, head, and collar yellow. Thorax and abdoinen
greyish ; a faint dark dorsal line. Wings silky grey, the
veins finely brown.

Expanse 40 mm.

Hab. Tuis, Sixola.

Near P. eucharisalis, W\k.-

Phryganodes gazalis, sp. 1

3. Palpi orange, shaded with fuscous above. Head and
thorax fuscous brown. Abdomen ordnge; two basal seg-
ments dorsally fuscous shaded. ‘Thorax below and legs
orange. Wings fuscous brown, the lines black. Fore
wings : antemedial line slightly outcurved ;_ postmedial
slightly inbent ; medial space paler in cell, the costal margin
above it pale buff ; ; a fine dark streak on discocellular ; : cilia
white below vein 3, black above it. Hind wings: post-
medial line very indistinct ; cilia white except at anal angle
and on inner margin, where it is black.

Expanse 34 mm.

Lab. Juan Vinas, Tuis.

Phryganodes latiapicalis, sp. n.

6. Palpi fuscous brown. Head fuscous grey; vertex
silvery white. Body above blue-black, underneath white.
Legs outwardly fuscous grey. Fore wings: outer margin
rounded, giving a broad appearance to apical area, black,
somewhat hyaline in cell, beyond, below it, and between
veins 2 and 3; the base and costa tinged with dark green,

300 Mr. W. Schaus on

the inner margin with dark blue, the outer third with viola-
ceous. Hind wings semihyaline, violaceous fuscous ; veins
black ; outer margin more heavily scaled.
@. Vertex silvery grey. Wings more uniformly tinged
with violaceous, with traces of green and blue at base only.
Expanse, ¢ 38 mm., 9 36 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Phryganodes obliqualis, sp. n.

3. Palpi buff-brown. Head and thorax white, shaded
with greys Abdomen white ; a broad, dorsal, fuscous-grey
line. Wings white. Fore wings: the costal margin greyish
brown; a dark streak on discocellular; a broad indistinct
fuscous shade below vein 2 from cell to tornus; a terminal
fuscous streak at apex below vein 8.

Expanse 25 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

Phryganodes patricial’s, sp. n.

3. Palpi dull greyish brown, fringed with white at base ;
throat silvery white. Head and collar buff; a brownish
spot on frons and medial shade on collar. Thorax brownish ;
a medial dark line; patagia yellow. Abdomen above
yellowish buff; a broad, dorsal, fuscous-grey line. Fore
wings thinly scaled, pale yellow ; costa shaded with bistre,
darkest at base; a fuscous basal spot on costa and subbasal
spot in cell; an antemedial, wavy, oblique, fuscous line,
followed iby a small annular spot in cell; the submedian
brownish and a short line medially below it to ante-
medial ; two dark lines at end of cell, coalescing at vein 2
and connected with postmedial by a single line; the post-
medial remote on costa, inwardly oblique to vein 5, slightly
outcurved and lunular to 2; which it follows to below end of
cell, and is then wavy to inner margin; terminal space from
postmedial more heavily scaled, purplish brown, enclosing a
small yellow spot close to postmedial below vein 2 and one
on inner margin. Hind wings semihyaline pale yellow,
shaded with brown at apex ; a postmedial dark lunular line
from costa to vein 2, where it is inset and downwardly
oblique.

Expanse 384 mm.

Hab, Sixola, Banana River.

Hleterocera from Costa Riea. 301

Phryganodes rufalis, sp. un.

g. Palpi fuscous brown, shaded with dull red laterally.
Head, collar, and thorax dull red ; a small white tuft behind
eyes. Abdomen above slightly bright red. Body below
fuscous ; tarsi, mid and hind tibie white. Wings purplish
red, with semihyaline white spots, partly edged with black.
Fore wings: small antemedial spots in and below cell; a
large spot beyond middle of cell and one below it, both irre-
eular, above the latter a small oblique streak between veins
2 and 3; a large postmedial spot from veins 5-7 and minute
spots between 3 and 4 and 4 and 5, also one between 7 and 8 ;
cilia fuseous, tipped with white from tornus to below 3 and
spotted with white towards apex. Hind wings: a small
spot in cell and a medial streak from cell, tapering towards
inner margin, which it does not reach; a large spot beyond
cell from vein 2 to just above 6; cilia tipped with white
beyond anal angle and near apex; the costa fuscous,
W ings below fuscous, shaded with dull reddish brown.

dixpanse 40 mm,

Hab. Juan Vinas, Sixola, Tuis, Avangarez.

Fhryganodes seminitidalis, sp. n.

6. Palpi, head, neck, pectus, legs, and abdomen below
deep yellow ; mid and hind tarsi fuscous grey. Body and
wings fuscous grey. Fore wings tinged with blue along
costa and at base; a blue streak in cell and one below it ; a
large opalescent white spot beyond cell. Hind wings: a
large opalescent white spot from base, extending to near
outer margin, leaving inner margin broadly fuscous grey.

Expanse, ¢ 37 mm., 2 44 mm.

Hab. Guapiles, Tuis, Juan Vinas.

Allied to P. hypowantha, Dogn., which has the white on
hind wings extending to inner margin.

Nacoleia ceruleonigra, sp. n.

g. Antenne with ridge of hairs above on basal third.
Palpi dark brown, fringed below with white. Body and
wings above black, shaded with dark blue ; underneath silky
slate-black ; legs brownish grey ; throat white.

Expanse 16 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Carillo.

302 Mr. W. Schaus on

Nacoleia esperanzalis, sp. n.

@?. Body and wings buff-brown ; a transverse black line
on abdomen terminally ; lines fuscous brown. Tore wings:
a subbasal line; antemedial slightly outcurved; a small
annular spot in cell; an oblique spot on discocellular, con-
taining a buff streak; postmedial finely lunular, dentate,
slightly outbent between veins 6 and 3, then inbent to near cell
and downbent to inner margin; terminal small spots between
the veins; cilia dark-spotted. ind wings: antemedial
line slightly angled at lower angle of cell and on inner
margin ; postmedial line from costa to vein 2 nearly straight.

Expanse 22 mm.

Hab. Esperanza.

Nacoleia zethealis, sp. n.

@. Palpi and frons greyish buff; body white. Wings
white, the lines grey-brown. Fore wings: basal third of
costa and lines greyish brown; antemedial line slightly
curved on costa, then straight to inner margin; a point in
cell and streak on discocellular ; outer line sinuous, perpen-
dicular, slightly produced from below vein 5 to 2, upbent to
below discocellular, then downbent to inner margin; termen
fuscous from above tornus, expanding somewhat to vein 8.
Hind wings: antemedial line of fore wing continued straight
across hind wing and angled above anal angle ; postmedial line
straight from costa to vein 3, where it is indistinctly upbent,
suffusing with antemedial line; termen narrowly shaded
with fuscous.

Expanse 27 mm.

Hab. Carillo.
Sylepta dialis, sp. n.
3. Palpi fuscous brown. Head yellowish buff. Collar,

thorax, and abdomen deep yellow. Wings deep yellow, the
outer margins broadly brown, on which the veins are paler; a
terminal fuscous line, interrupted by veins and outwardly finely
edged with yellow; cilia fuscous, tipped with white. Fore
wings: an irregular dark basal line ; an antemedial fuscous
line, obliquely curved to submedian, somewhat incurved below
it; a black spot at end of cell; postmedial rather broad,
fuscous, somewhat outcurved from veins 7-2, its outer edge
faintly lunular, inwardly oblique from 2 to inner margin and
from costa to vein 7. Hind wings: the postmedial slightly

Tleterocera from Costa Rica. 303

sinuous. On both wings the postmedial separates the
yellow from the brown terminal space.
Expanse 34 mm.

Hab. Sixola.
Sylepta excelsalis, sp.

3g. Palpi white, shaded below with arent brown. Head
and thorax white ; some pale brownish shadings on frons and
collar and similar irrorations on thorax. Abdomen on basal
segments dorsally brown, with subdorsal white lines, inter-
rupted by segmental white lines ; terminal segments white.
Body below “white, the legs partly and faintly shaded with
greyish brown. Wings greyish brown, shot with lilacine; a
whitish subterminal line, interrupted on fore wing by veins ;
a terminal dark line, interrupted by white spots; confluent on
hind wings. Fore wings: the base broadly white, shaded
with yellow, and crossed by a subbasal greyish shade, widest
on inner margin; a similar basal spot followed by a white
point on median ; costa greyish; a small semilyaline space
at end and beyond cell; interrupted by small discocellular
spot, containing a hyaline point. Hind wings: base white,
extending below cell and along inner margin. Underside
whitish, showing indistinctly the markings of upper surface.

Expanse 25 mm.

Hab. Sixola, Juan Vinas, Tuis, Guapiles.

Allied to S. ceresalis, Wik.

Sylepta falsatis, sp. n-

g. Body and wings above buff-grey, somewhat iridescent.
Fore wings: basal half in and below cell tinged with bluish
lilacine, the postmedial area faintly tinged with purplish ; a
fuscous spot in cell and streak on discocellular ; postmedial
fuscous, indistinct, outeurved from veins 8-2, then angled and
marked by a fuscous spot on fold. Hind wings: costa
shaded with whitish; faint traces of a postmedial line.
Wings below whitish ; a fuscous shade on discocellular of
fore wing.

Expanse 28 mm:

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Lygropia murinalis, sp. n.

¢. Body and wings above silky greyish brown. Body

ilenieatl. whitish. Fore wings: lines fuscous, rather

coarse, the antemedial nearly straight, the postmedial out-

curved beyond cell, straight below vein 3; a slightly paler

304 Mr. W. Schaus on

streak on discocellular, edged with fuscous; terminal fuscous
spots, partly geminate. Hind wings: faint traces of a post-
medial line ; terminal dark spots as on fore wing. Under-
neath the costa of hind wings whitish; traces of a postmedial
line.

Eixpanse 17 mm.

Hab. Avangarez.

Glyphodes costaricalis, sp. n.

d. Palpi dark brown, fringed with white at base. Head
and collar dark brown ; a whitish line across vertex in front ;
tecule tipped with whitish. Thorax brown, crossed by a
violaceous fuscous shade. Abdomen wh itish, thickly irro-
rated with brown ; lateral segmental black lines; anal hairs
mostly fuscous. Fore wings: the costal margin dull brown,
otherwise rich dark brown, somewhat thinly scaled from
below end of cell to inner margin; a subbasal black spot
below cell, followed by an oblique pale shade; a curved
black streak on discocellular ; two small opalescent white
spots subterminally between veins 5 and 7, and an incurved
blackish line below them to inner margin ; terminal black
shades between the veins ; cilia mottled grey and fuscous,
Hind wings opalescent, lilacine white, faintly shaded with
brown; a black point at end of cell; tne outer margin
broadly, the inner margin narrowly brown; a black terminal
line.

Expanse, ¢ 36, 2? 42 mm.

fab. Juan Vinas, Poas.

Glyphodes fuligalis, sp. n.

3. Palpi fuscous, fringed at base with white. Head
orange. Tegule fuscous brown, with orange spots. Thorax
and abdomen fuscous brown above, the anal hairs mostly
light brown; underneath white; legs white, streaked with
fuscous. Fore wings brown-black ; a large oval, postmedial,
oblique white spot, thickly irrorated with brown-black,
Hind wings black; a large elongated white space from
base, extending above, below, and beyond cell ; a fine white
streak along inner margin. Underneath black, the spots as
‘above but clear white; a white streak be low cell on fore
wings; a broad white streak along inner margin on hind
wings.

Expanse 36 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Allied to G. auricollis, Snell.

Lleterocera from Costa Rica. 305

Glyphodes nigricilialis, sp. n.

Palpi fuscous, fringed at base with white. Body fuscous
brown above, white underneath. Fore wings dark brown,
tinged with purple ; an opalescent semihyaline white space
‘from inner margin near base to beyond middle, oblique to
beyond cell, narrowing and forming a line only from above
vein 5 to near 8, its outer edge finely wavy. Hind wings
semihyaline, opalescent white ; outer margin broadly dark
brown, narrowing to a point at tornus ; cilia entirely black.

Expanse 31 mm.

Hab. 'Tuis, Guapiles.

Nearest G. lucida/is, Hbn., from which it can be distin-
guished by its larger size and entirely black cilia.

Glyphodes novicialis, sp. n.

3. Palpi fuscous brown, fringed at base with white.
Head, collar, and thorax purplish brown. Abdomen white ;
last two segments dorsally dark grey; anal tufts laterally
pale reddish brown, Fore wings deep silky purple; an
opalescent semiliyaline white space along inner margin from
near base to beyond middle, its s anterior edge extending

fo)
obliquely to beyond cell near vein 5, its outer ‘edge lunular,
inbent at vein 2, Hind wings semihyaline opalescent white ;
the apex broadly purplish, narrowing to a point at vein 3.

Expanse 25 mm.

Hab, Guapiles.

Leucinodes wxylopastalis, sp. n.

Palpi, head, and thorax white, shaded with greyish buff.
snc olive-buf, with darker shadings posteriorly on
each segment ; a transverse white line at base and a gemi-
nate dorsal white line on last five segments. Wings semi-
hyaline, except markings, greenish white. Fore wings:
costal margin creamy white, shaded with olive-buff at base ;
inner margin white, irorated with olive-buff; a fine out.
curved antemedial dark line; a cluster of pale scales in
middle of cell and a similar felteien below vein 2; a fine
fuscous line on discocellular, broadly bordered outwardly
with creamy buff; veins beyond cell irrorated with black ;
an outeurved subterminal black-brown line, obliquely in-
curved from vein 2, followed by an ochreous-bulf shade;
termen narrowly white, with some ree brown spots. Hind

wings: a fuscous-edged olive-buff line on discocellular ;

306 Mr. W. Schaus on

subterminal line upbent below vein 3 towards discoceliular ;
outer margin as on fore wing.
Expanse 31 mm.

flab. 'Vurrialba, 6000 feet.

Crocidolomia limatalis, sp. n

3. Palpi dark grey, with two white rings on second
joint. Head, collar, and thorax brown; white lateral lines
on frons and tegule ; patagia partly white- edged. Abdomen
grey-brown. Fore wings silky brown, tinged with dull red ;
a fine darker antemedial line, somewhat lunular and preceded
by a daiker shade; a fine darker postmedial line, slightly
outcurved below costa and followed by an oblique white
line on costa; an interrupted terminal line partly shaded
with black, terminating in a small white spot and black
point at apex; cilia fuscous or luteous, according to light,
more clearly luteous at tornus. Hind wings silky brown,
the veins darker; outer half of cilia whitish.

Eixpanse 34 mm.

Aub. Juan Vinas.

Larger than C. palindial/s, Gn., and of a different colour,

Sameodes fortunata, sp. n.

Palpi brown. Head white. Collar pale reddish brown.
Thorax and patagia silvery grey. Abdomen above dark
brown except basal and last segments, which are buff. Body
underneath buff-white. Fore wings whitish ; basal third of
costa and cell shaded with brown; yellow-buff shades
basally below cell; a bread antemedial, irregular, fuscous
shade ; a dark brown medial line obliquely wavy from costa,
outangled on fold, inangled on inner margin, followed in cell
by a fuscous shade and yellow-buff spot, outwardly limited
by a dark curved line; a dark line from cell along vein 2
for a short distance, then wavy to inner margin; across
discocellular a yellow- buff, incurved crescent, finely edged
with brown, the points semi-connected by small brown and
yellowish spots beyond cell, which form part of a postmedial
punctiform line; a broad subapical fuscous-brown shade
from costa to marginal line at vein 5, the latter also fuscous
brown and not reaching apex, both edeed inwardly and along
termen with yellow- butt ; the marginal line expands at
tornus; the veins partly. shaded with yellow-buff. Hind
wings: the marginal line broader from below costa, upbent
along inner margin, expanding medially, and coalescing with

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 307

a dark spot below vein 2; a fine downbent postmedial line ;
yellow shadings along marginal line, which is irrorated with
silvery-grey scales ; a fine terminal dark line and points on
both wings; cilia yellow.

Expanse 22 mm,

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Thliptoceras neotropicalis, sp. n.

Palpi and head grey-brown. ‘Thorax and abdomen above
fuscous brown, underneath whitish buff. Fore wings fuscous
brown ; a slightly outeurved antemedial black line, inwardly
heavily edged with yellowish buff ; costal margin medially
yellowish buff, suffusing with a small pale spot in cell, and a
larger spot adjoining postmedial, the latter being fuscous,
suffusing with dark portion of wing and indicated by a narrow
yellowish-buff shade along its outer edge, and is inbent from
veins 5-2, below 2 slightly outbent; cilia fuscous between
veins 2 and 4, otherwise yellowish buff with dark points at
veins. Hind wings fuscous grey-brown. Underneath dark
silky grey, with the lines indicated by fuscous shadings
which extend on to hind wings; fore wing with a pale
spot in cell and one beyond it; the costa buff at apex.

Expanse 18 mm,

Hab. Carillo.

Azochis curvilinealis, sp. n.

6. Palpi coal-black, fringed with white below. Frons
dark brown, edged with coal-black, vertex white. Collar
opalescent white, with a large medial fuscous-grey spot, also
opalescent. Thorax white ; a black spot behind; patagia
opalescent white. Abdomen white; third and fourth see
ments dorsally coal-black; transverse black lines on last G0
segments. Wings semihyaline opalescent white; termen
narrowly dull white; cilia yellowish, tipped with white.
Fore wings: costal, inner margin, and veins creamy white,
except where crossed by black markings; a minute basal
spot on costa; a large subbasal spot on costa and one on
inner margin; an antemedial line, outwardly expanding
below cell; a medial spot in cell; a large oblique spot on
discocellular ; streaks beyond cell between veins 3 and 4 and
4 and 5, and a large inbent spot from 3 tapering to inner
margin; an oblique curved postmedial line from costa to
vein 3; a marginal spot from tornus to near vein 3; an
elongated spot trom above 3 to vein 6, where it is widest ;
points above 6 and 7, Hind wings: a medial streak across

308 Mr. W. Schaus on

cell; a smail postmedial spot between 5 and 6 ; a postmedial
streak on inner margin; marginal streaks near anal angle
and across vein 5.

Kixpanse 31 mm.

Hab. Tuis.

Azochis graphialis, sp. n.

&. Palpi black, fringed with white. Head whitish ;
collar yellowish bistre, with a large medial fuscous-brown
spot. Thorax fuscous brown ; patagia whitish, with a small
black spot. Abdomen pale bistre, with segmental white
lines and dorsal black transverse spots on alternate segments.
Fore wings pale bistre, thinly scaled; a subbasal black point
in cell; a slightly inbent antemedial black line, faintly edged
with reddish ; a black point in middle of cell; postmedial
line black, faintly inbent, thickening near submedian, with
a spot below it; another line starting from same point on
costa is outbent to near submedian, and preceded on vein 2
by a black spot, the narrow space between the lines shaded
with reddish ochre across discocellular ; a third black line
from costa just beyond postmedial, outhent to below vein 5,
then curved, inbent, finer, and interrupted to previous line
above submedian, the two lines enclosing an almost triangular
semihyaline whitish space; the termen narrowly white; a
black point at apex; a marginal black spot above vein 6 and
an oblique larger spot below it extending on cilia; a black
point near tornus. Hind wings semihyaline white, the inner
and outer margins pale bistre; a black point on discocellular
and a larger spot at angle where joined by veins 3 to 5, this
last continued as a coarse line to near inner margin above
angle; a fine postmedial line from vein 3 to fold, down-
curved and bent back to near costa as a subterminal line ;
termen narrowly white; an interrupted fine black terminal
line, thickened from vein 3 to fold,

Expanse 28 mm.

Hab. Guapiles, Sitio, Juan Vinas.

Azochis oncalis, sp. n.

g. Palpi coal-black, fringed below with white. Frons
coal-black. Vertex white. Tegule opalescent white, dorsally
and outwardly edged with black. ‘Thorax white; a small
black spot behind. Abdomen white; asmall reddish-brown
spot dorsally on first segment and similar subdorsal shades on
second segment; segments 3-5 dorsally black, edged in front

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 309

and behind with reddish brown; black transverse streaks on
last two segments, also edged with reddish brown. Wings
opalescent white, semihyaline ; termen white; cilia yellowish,
tipped with white. Fore wings: veins opaque, white; some
pale reddish-brown streaks on costa and along vein 8; spots
black, partly edged with pale reddish brown ; a basal spot on
costa ; a subbasal small spot in cell and a large spot on inner
margin; an antemedial outbent line, angled and_ thicker
below cell ; a medial spot in cell; a larger spot across disco-
cellular from above subcostal ; a round postmedial spot from
vein 5 to above 6, and a line above it across costa; a large
spot from vein 3 to inner margin; marginal streaks between 6
and 8; a large spot from 6, tapering to below 4, and a small
spot at tornus. Hind wings: a spot in cell; small post-
medial spots beyond cell and on inner margin ; subterminal
points above and below vein 4; marginal spots from vein 4
to apex.

Expanse, ¢ 32 mm., 2? 39 mm,

Hab. Juan Vinas, Sitio.

Rhectosomia compositalis, sp. n.

3. Palpi light brown, fringed with white at base. Head
and collar pale olive-brown. Patagia whitish, streaked with
olive-brown. Abdomen above dark grey on basal half,
terminal half olive-brown, dorsally paler. Fore wings :
basal third of costa and outer half of inner margin pale buff ;
costa medially white, also a large postmedial white spot and
smaller spot beyond; spaces between spots on costa and cell
olive-brown ; a longitudinal black streak at end of cell to
buff crescent on discocellular, which is followed by a black
line, and some mottled dark and white scaling ; a basal white
streak below cell; base of inner margin pale buff; a broad
black antemedial shade from median to inner margin, shaded
with lilacine and followed by an inbent olive-brown space,
shaded with white just below cell; beyond this the medial
shade is darker and tinged with reddish brown between cell
and fold; a fuscous streak medially along fold is angled and
inbent to inner margin; on outer buff space below cell
between veins 2 and 3 a long lilacine streak, its ends slightly
downcurved, and edged below with light reddish brown;
postmedial space from 3-8 dull olive, becoming darker on
termen; some elongated, fine, black, curved lines between veins
postmedially, followed by Jilacine white streaks terminally,
edged with dark brown. Hind wings white; a terminal

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. ix. 21

310 Mr. W. Schaus on

brown spot at vein 2 and some brownish clusters from it to
anal angle.
Expanse 80 mm.

Flab. Poas, Turrialba.

Pionea contentalis, sp. n.

3. Palpi long, light reddish brown, fringed below with
white. Body and wings luteous, the latter thinly scaled.
Fore wings: a fine, dark, outbent antemedial line, hardly
perceptible ; a faint point in cell and streak on discocellular ;
postmedial fine, indistinct, outbent on costa, curved and in-
bent to below discocellular, then wavy to inner margin,

slightly outangled on submedian fold ; termen darker shaded.
' Hind wings: costa whitish ; postmedial line very fine, inset
at vein 2,

Expanse 14 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Sixola.

Very similar to P. eupalusalis, Wlk., and is chiefly distin-
guished from that species by the longer palpi and more acute
apex of fore wing.

Pionea montanalis, sp. n.

3. Palpi fuscous brown, fringed with white at base.
Frons light brown ; vertex whitish. Thorax brown, laterally
streaked with white. Abdomen above fuscous brown; sub-
dorsal white streaks at base. Fore wings brown, with
darker irrorations ; a round whitish dark-edged spot in middle
of cell; a curved whitish line on discocellular, more broadly
edged with dark brown; a small black postmedial spot on
costa. Hind wings white; a terminal brownish line, some-
what interrupted by veins; cilia whitish, with a dark line
near base; a minute dark spot on inner margin above anal
angle.

Expanse 21 mm.

Hab. Poas.

Pionea poasalis, sp. n.

3. Palpi dark grey. Head, collar, and thorax dark grey.
Abdomen fuscous above, whitish laterally and underneath,
with sublateral black spots. Legs whitish grey, thinly
irrorated with black. Fore wings greyish buff, thinly sealed
below cell, and with a few scattered black irrorations ; a large
fuscous shade in middle of cell, extending above subcostal ; a
similar shade at end of cell, with a white point at lower angle

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 311

of discocellular; an indistinct, finely dentate, outer line
remote from cell, followed by a vague subterminal darker
shade; terminal black points. Hind wings thinly scaled,
white; an indistinct fine postmedial line, termen faintly
tinged with light brown; some terminal dark points, better
defined on underside.

Expanse 25 mm.

Hab. Poas.

Pyrausta entephrialis, sp. n.

3. Palpi fuscous brown, fringed below with white. Body
silky buff-white; a dorsal brownish line on abdomen.
Wings whitish. Fore wings tinged and irrorated with light
brown ; costa shaded with dark olive-brown ; an antemedial
brown line, slightly incurved below submedian, and followed
in cell by a dark point; a fuscous-brown streak on disco-
cellular ; a postmedial brown line, finely dentate, and deeply
outcurved to vein 3, then inbent and wavy to inner margin ;
a terminal dark line interrupted by veins. Hind wings:
some indistinct brown irrorations at end of cell; a fine out-
curved postmedial brown line; a faint brownish marginal
shade on costal half suffusing with terminal line at apex.

Expanse 25 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Pyrausta tuisalis, sp. n.

3g. Palpi brown, fringed with silvery white below. Head
greyish buff. Collar and thorax buff-yellow, outwardly
shaded with brown. Abdomen yellow-brown, with whitish
segmental lines. Fore wings buff-yellow, the costa and
apical area shaded with brown; a fine brown, outbent, wavy,
antemedial line; a dark point in cell; an oblique line on
discocellular; postmedial fine, brown, lunular, and deeply
outeurved from veins 8-2, then slightly oblique to inner
margin, preceded by a fuscous shade between 2 and 5, and
some darker shading on inner margin. Hind wings thinly
scaled, yellow tinged with brown ; a small dark discal spot ;
a dark, finely dentate, postmedial line.

Expanse 32 mm.

2. Wings brighter yellow, with the dark shade between
veins 2 and 5 more pronounced.

Expanse 32 mm.

Hab. Tuis, Esperanza, Juan Vinas.

Comes next to P. flavidensalis, Warr.

A bis

312 Mr. G. Dellman on

XXX.—Seven new African Dormice.
By Guy DoLuMman.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Graphiurus crassicaudatus dorothee, subsp. n.

A brownish-red-coloured form allied to and rather larger
than Graphiurus erassicaudatus, Jenk.

Size and general proportions greater than in crassicau-
datus. General colour of back a rich rusty brown (between
snuff-brown no. 4 and raw umber no. 3, ‘Répertoire de
Youleurs’); flanks a trifle lighter than back, the rusty-
brown tint passing fairly abruptly into the grey colour of
the ventral surface. Forehead and sides of face paler and
greyer than general colour of back. Hairs of face like those
of back, all with grey bases and rusty-brown tips. Dark
rings around eyes well marked. Backs of hands and feet
dirty white tinted with buff. Under surface of body pale
slaty grey, washed with pale buffy white. Tail rather
darker in colour than body. Unfortunately the tail of the
type specimen is broken, while that of the other specimen
sent by Mr. Talbot and referable to this new form is of the
regenerated kind and therefore useless for comparative pur-
poses. The basal portion of the tail of the type specimen
appears to be rather more of the distichous than the bushy
kind, and therefore markedly different from the murinus group,
in which the tail is always bushy. There is not sufficient
evidence to show whether the tail is really as distichous as
that of G. hueti, but the arrangement of the hairs on the
basal portion of the tail seems to indicate a much more dis-
tichous condition than is found in any of the “ murinus”
group. The closely allied form, crassicaudatus, probably
has a similar semi- or wholly distichous tail, but here, again,
the type and only known specimen possesses a regenerated
club-shaped tail.

Skull presenting the same unusual characters as exhibited
in crassicaudatus. The skulls of these two forms are so
unlike all the other small and medium-sized Graphiurus
that a note as to their chief characters may not be out of
place here. Brain-case unusually broad, both in the squa-
mosal and occipital regions; interorbital breadth much
greater than in the “ murinus”’ group. Nasals narrow and
parallel-sided, not expanded anteriorly, a very marked de-
parture from the usual form of Graphiurus nasals, which are

new African Dormice. 313

considerably broader in front than behind. Palatal region
excessively broad. Auditory bulle smaller and flatter than
usual. Incisor teeth slanting slightly forward, a most ex-
ceptional feature, the incisors in this genus being, as a rule,
set in a vertical or slightly recurved position. Molar teeth
comparatively large. ‘Lhe skulls of crassicaudatus and this
new form would appear to have many points in common, the
difference in size not being nearly so well marked as in the
skin-dimensions. On this account, it seems best to consider
the colour and size differences as of subspecific value and to
regard this Nigerian dormouse as a geographical race of
crassicaudatus,

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 89 mm.; tail 45*; hind foot 17;
ear 12.

Skull: greatest length 27°5 ; basilar length 20°8; con-
dylo-basilar length 23°5 ; condylo-incisive length 25; zygo-
matic breadth 16 ; interorbital constriction 5°35; squamosal
breadth of brain-case 13 ; occipital breadth of brain-case
12; length of nasals 9; greatest width of nasals 2:7;
palatilar lengh 10; width of palate (inside m') 3°3; width
across palate (outside m’) 6:2; length of palatal foramina
2°7; postpalatal length 11; length of upper tooth-row 4:2.

Hab. Oban District, Southern Nigeria.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 12.1.12.1. Original
number 61. Collected and presented to the British Museum
by P. A. Talbot, Hsq.

This Nigerian dormouse appears closely allied to the
Liberian crassicaudatus, and, at present, represents the
eastern limit of that group. The cranial characters exhibited
by these two forms are quite unlike those found in the
““murinus”’ group, and the only approach to these conditions
is found in the large GrapAiurus hueti, which agrees with the
crasstcaudatus group as regards the broad cranial and inter-
orbital regions and the narrow parallel-sided nasals. These
cranial cliaracters considered together with the question of
the distichous tail appear to justify the conclusion that the
crassicaudatus group are diminutive allies of the large West-
African dormice belonging to the hued: group.

YLhis handsome new form is named after Mrs. Talbot ; it
forms a most worthy addition to the Jong list of new and
rare Nigerian mammals collected by Mr. Talbot and pre-
sented by him to the National Collection.

* Broken.

314 Mr. G. Dollman on

Graphiurus surdus, sp. 0.

A small-eared species allied to murinus.

Size of body a trifle less than in murinus ; lind foot large ;
ears remarkably small, about 5 mm. shorter than those of the
South-African species. Fur rather short and thick ; hairs on
back measuring about 7 or 8 mm. in length. General colour
of upper surface of body greyish brown. Individual hairs of
back slate-grey with light brownish tips. Flanks similar in
colour to back. Muzzle and face between eyes paler and
yellower than rest of upper surface. Hyes surrounded with
dark rings ; dark markings on muzzle, in front of eyes, very
indistinct. Sides of face, below eyes, white; hairs grey
with long white tips. Upper lip covered with short white
hairs. Backs of hands and feet yellowish white. Under
surface of body greyish white, tinged with buff; hairs of
belly with dark grey bases and white tips. Chin and lower
lip, as usual in this genus, covered with short white hairs.
Tail cylindrical and rather less bushy than in murinus ;
hairs of tip about 22 mm. in length; upper side of tail
similar in colour to back, lower surface rather greyer.

Skull markedly different from that of any other known
form, the occipital part of the brain-case broad and almost
rectangular in shape, giving the skull a very unusual
appearance. Nasals broad anteriorly. Auditory bulle
rather flat. Cheek-teeth comparatively small.

Dimensions of the type (measured from _ spirit-speci-
men) :—

Head and body 87 mm.; tail 67; hind foot 19; ear 9.

Skull: greatest length 28; basal length 23:5; condylo-
basal length 25°8; basilar length 21; condylo-basilar length
23°5; condylo-incisive length 25°3; zygomatic breadth 15;
interorbital constriction 4°5 ; squamosal breadth of brain-
case 13; occipital breadth 12:4; greatest length of nasals
11:4; greatest breadth across nasals 3°5; least breadth
across nasals 1°8 ; palatal length 11°8 ; palatilar length 9°5;
width of palate (inside m’) 3:5; width across palate (out-
side m’) 5°5; length of palatal foramina 3; postpalatal
length 12°3 ; length of upper tooth-row 3.

Hab. Benito River, French Congo.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 0.2.5.55. Collected by
Mr. G. L. Bates in July 1899.

The small ears, large hind feet, and unusual shape of the
occipital region immediately distinguish this dormouse from
all the other allied forms.

Mr. Bates collected four specimens of this interesting

new African Dormice. 315

species, all at the type locality, and as the specimens are
preserved in spirit, the true colour of swrdus cannot be
described with certainty; it appears to have been very
much like that of the South Atrican murinus, judging by
the similarity between alcoholic specimens of each species.

Graphiurus spurrelli, sp. n.

Allied to @. lorraineus, Dollm., but paler in colour and
with smaller teeth.

Size of body greater than in dorraineus ; hind foot larger.
General colour of back very much paler and less rufous than
in lorraineus, more like the olive tint of mderotis, but washed
with pale brown (otter-brown no. 3 mixed with chocolate no.1,
‘Repertoire, represents the general colour of the dorsal
surface). Hairs of back with slaty black bases and olive-
brown tips. Flanks paler and yellower than back. Muzzle
lighter and greyer than rest of dorsal surface. Dark rings
around eyes faintly developed ; dark markings on sides of
muzzle in front of eyes practically absent. Cheeks white,
hairs with slate-grey bases and whitish tips. Backs of hands
and feet dirty white. Ventral surface of body slate-grey
washed with white, less buffy than in lorraineus. ‘Tail
fairly long, about like that of microtis saturatus ; in colour
pale liver-brown, above and below.

Skull rather larger than that of lorratneus, with a narrower
interorbital region. Nasals broader anteriorly. Cheek-teeth
smaller and narrower.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 100 mm.*; tail 75 *; hind foot 18;
ear 14,

Skull: greatest length 27°5; basilar length 20°5 ; con-
dylo-basilar length 22°5 ; condylo-incisive length 24; zygo-
matic breadth 15; interorbital constriction 4°7 ; squamosal
breadth of brain-case 12°3 ; greatest occipital breadth 11:3 ;
length of nasals 10; greatest anterior width of nasals 4 ;
palatilar length 8°9; breadth of palate (inside m’) 3°7;
width across palate (outside m’) 59; length of palatal fora-
mina 2°9 ; length of upper cheek-teeth 2°9.

Hab. Bibianaha, 60 miles west of Kumasi, Gold Coast
Colony.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 10.4.13.2. Collected
by Dr. H. G. F. Spurrell and presented by him to the
British Museum.

* Measured from dry skin.

316 Mr. G. Dollman on

This species is distinguished from the allied form Jor-
raineus by its larger size, paler colour, and smaller teeth.
There are in the Museum collection five further specimens
referable to Graphiurus spurrelli, four collected by Dr. Spur-
rell at the type locality and one from Sierra Leone.

It is with pleasure that I associate this new species with
the name of Dr. Spurrell, to whom Zoology is already in-
debted for the discovery of many new and interesting West-
African Mammalia.

Graphiurus hedulus, sp. n.

A rather small yellowish-olive-coloured species, probably
allied to Graphiurus spurrelli, described above.

Skin-dimensions not markedly different from those of the
Gold Coast species. General colour of back bright yellowish
olive (olive-brown washed with cinnamon no. 1, ‘ Répertoire’),
like that of mdcrotis but purer and yellower in colour. Hairs
of back with slaty grey bases, buffy subterminal rings, and
brownish tips. Flanks washed with yellowish buff, the buff
colour sharply defined against the white of the ventral surface.
Muzzle and head similar in colour to back. Dark ocular
rings and markings on sides of muzzle rather better defined
than in spurreli. Cheeks pure white; hairs with grey
bases and white tips. Backs of hands and feet white.
Entire underparts daik slate-grey washed over with pure
white. Tail like that of spurred in colour ; in general form
the tail of this specimen, although apparently of the bushy
kind, exhibits a distinct tendency to become distichous.

Skull smaller than that of spurred/i, but with larger cheek-
teeth.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 88 mm.; tail 70; hind foot 18; ear 12.

Skull: greatest length 24°9; basilar length 19; condylo-
basilar length 21:2; zygomatic breadth 14°9; interorbital
constriction 4°3; squamosal breadth of brain-case 12 ;
occipital breadth 10 ; length of nasals 9°5 ; greatest anterior
breadth across nasals 3:1; palatal length 10°1; width of
palate (inside m!) 3:4; width across palate (outside m!) 5-7 ;
length of palatal foramina 2°7; postpalatal length 10-4;
length of upper tooth-row 3°3.

Hab. Assobam, Bumba River, Cameroons. Altitude
2000 feet.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 9.10,2.21. Original
number D.28. Collected by Mr. G. L. Bates on December
loth, 1908.

new Africa n Dormice. Sue

The colour of this species is so unlike that of all the other
West-African forms that it is readily distinguished from its
near allies. In addition to these colour-differences the cranial
and dental characters serve to distinguish this Cameroon
species from the Gold Coast dormouse, Graphiurus spurrelli.

Graphiurus ansorgei, sp. n.

Allied to G. murtnus, Desm., lighter in colour and with
no dark markings on sides of muzzle.

Size and general proportions rather less than in murtnus.
Fur quite similar to that of the other medium-sized Graphi-
urus. General colour of upper surface light ashy grey
(between ashy grey no. 1 and smoke-grey no. 1, ‘ Répertoire
de Couleurs’). Individual hairs of back dark slaty grey
with long light greyish tips ; a number of longer hairs, with
rather darker tips, evenly scattered over the whole of the
dorsal surface. Flanks similar in colour to back, the grey
tint gradually fading into the whitish colour of the ventral
surface. Face and top of head rather lighter than back.
Eyes surrounded with narrow blackish-brown rings. No
dark marks on sides of muzzle, in front of eyes, such as
occur in murinus and theallied forms. Cheeks white ; hairs
dark slate-coloured with long white lips. Backs of hands
and feet white. Under parts of body slate-grey, overlaid
with white. ‘Tail similar to that of murdnus, rather lighter
in colour and with the extreme tip whitish, but not to such a
marked extent asin the Tanganyika species, G. microtis,
Noack.

Skull smaller than that of murtnus, in general dimensions
more resembling that of grise/da, but not having the pre-
maxille prolonged back beyond the nasals. Nasals fairly
long, intermediate in length between those of murinus and
griselda. Cheek-teeth rather small.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 90 mm. ; tail 90 ; hind foot 16 ; ear 15.

Skull: greatest length 26; basal length 22°6; condylo-
basal length 24-7; basilar length 20; condylo-basilar length
22; zygomatic breadth 14°4; interorbital constriction 4; squa-
mosal breadth of cranium 11°6; greatest length of nasals
10 ; greatest breadth across nasals 3°2 ; palatal length Lost;
palatilar length 8-1 ; width of palate (inside m’) 3; width
across palate (outside m!') 5; length of palatal foramina ors
postpalatal length 11°8 ; length of upper molar series 3.

Hab. ‘Tala Kilau, Dongwenna, Mossamedes, South eye
Altitude 3000 feet.

518 Mr. G. Dollman on

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 9.10. 1.60. Original
number 20. Collected by Dr. W.J. Ansorge on March 30th,
1906.

The pale ashy-grey colour of the fur and entire absence of
dark markings on the muzzle, together with the general
cranial characters noted above, readily distinguish this
Angolan dormouse from G. murinus and the allied forms.
In general colour, ansorget approximates to the pale coloration
of the Kalahari species, G. woosnam? ; the two forms, how-
ever, do not in any way appear to be closely allied, woosnami
being a much larger animal with a different form of skull.
G. kelleni, described by Reuvens from Damara Land, would
appear to be much darker in colour and smaller in size than
this new Angolan species.

Graphiurus brockmani internus, subsp. n.

About equal in size to G. brockmani, Dollm., darker in
colour and with ocular rings and dark markings on muzzle
more evident.

General proportions as in brockmani. Fur rather harsher,
the hairs all comparatively short. Colour of back much as
in microtis but rather less yellow, the whole back suffused with
a brownish tint, the general effect resembling that met with
in microtis saturatus, but paler and less slate-coloured (near
smoke-grey no. 4 mixed with snuff-brown no. 1, ‘ Répertoire’).
Hairs of back with slate-grey bases, pale buff subterminal
rings, and brownish tips. Flanks more strongly tinted with
buff than rest of dorsal surface, sharply contrasting with the
white under surface, the contrast rather more marked than in
brockmant owing to the darker colour of the flanks. Face
and nasal region lighter than rest of upper parts. Dark
ocular rings more in evidence than in the Somali form ;
dark markings on sides of muzzle fairly well defined, but not
to such a marked extent as in microt’s saturatus. Cheeks
white; hairs, as in brockman?, white almost to roots. Sides
of neck below ears white; hairs white with greyish bases.
Backs of hands and feet white. Hntire under parts white,
faintly tinted with pale buff; hairs of belly with slate-grey
bases and whitish tips. ‘Tail about as in brockmant, rather
darker in colour, especially on the ventral surtace.

Skull very like that of drockmani.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 86 mm.; tail broken *; hind foot 15;
ear 14.

* Tail in another specimen from Eusso Nyiro given as 75 mm. in
length,

:
:

new African Dormice. 319

Skull: greatest length 24°9; basilar length 18:5; con-
dylo-basilar length 20:7 ; condylo-incisive length 22 ; zygo-
matic breadth 13°5 ; interorbital constriction 4; squamosal
breadth of brain-case 11°8 ; greatest occipital breadth 11 ;
length of nasals 9 ; greatest anterior breadth of nasals 3°3 ;
palatilar length 7°5 ; width of palate (inside m!) 2°9; width
across palate (outside m') 5:1; length of palatal foramina 3 ;
postpalatal length 11:2 ; length of upper cheek-teeth 3.

Hab. Nyama Nyango, Eusso Nyiro, British East Africa.
Altitude 3200 feet.

Type. Adult female. Original number 195. Collected on
February Ist, 1911, by Mr. A. Blaney Percival.

In addition to the type Mr. Percival obtained four further
specimens of this new dormouse—three from the type locality,
and one from the Mara River. It is interesting to find a
close ally of the Somali Graphiurus extending into British
Hast Africa; the dormice collected by Mr. Percival as far
east as Marsabit represented the true British East-African
form, microtis saturatus, and were in no way related to this
new race of brockmani.

Graphiurus butlert, sp. n.

A light ashy-grey-coloured species about equal in size to
murinus.

Skin-dimensions fairly large ; hind foot large, measuring
177 mm. in length. General colour of dorsal surface pale
ashy grey (smoke-grey no. 3 tinted with otter-brown no. 1,
‘Répertoire’), quite as pale as in woosnam?, but washed over
with a light ash-coloured tint. Hairs of back with slate-grey
bases, light buffy-white subterminal rings, and liver-coloured
tips, in some cases darkening to brown at the extreme ends of
the hairs. Flanks rather more buffy than back ; line of demar-
cation between flanks and light ventral surface irregular and
ill-defined. Muzzle and head paler and greyer than back.
Dark ocular rings present, but not in any way conspicuous ;
dark markings on sides of muzzle very faint. Cheeks and
sides of neck pure white ; hairs all with grey bases and white
tips. Backs of hands and feet white. Ventral surface of body
pale slate-grey, washed over with white and faintly tinted
with a pale cream-coloured wash. Tail pale liver-coloured,
lighter below than above. Hairs at distal end tipped with
white; this may be an abnormal condition, as the tail
appears to be of the regenerated kind and therefore the true
tail tip is wanting.

Skull like that of G. woosnamt, but smaller, possessing

320 On new African Dormice.

the same flat brain-case and the constricted interorbital
region.

Dimensions of the type (measured from the dry skin) :—

Head and body 110 mm.; tail 63*; hind foot 17:7;
ear 14,

Skull: greatest length 28°6; basilar length 22 ; condylo-
basilar length 24 ; condylo-incisive length 26; zygomatic
breadth 15°3 ; interorbital constriction 4 ; squamosal breadth
of brain-case 11-9; greatest occipital breadth 12°3 ; greatest
length of nasals 11-4; greatest anterior width across nasals
3°9; palatilar length 9; width of palate (inside m!) 3°7;
width across palate (outside m') 5°38; length of palatal
foramina 3°7; postpalatal length 13; length of upper
tooth-row 3:3.

Hab. Jebel Ahmed Aga, Sudan.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 11. 11. 25. 84. Original
number 168. Collected by Mr. A. L. Butler on January
10th, 1910.

This Sudan dormouse is evidently closely related to
G. woosnami, a species recently founded on a specimen
collected by Mr. B. Woosnam in the Kalahari Desert, South
Africa.

There is considerable difference in the colour of the
two forms, the ashy suffusion which dominates the general
greyish tint in dutleri is almost entirely absent in woosnami.
In general skin and cranial dimensions butleri is con-
spicuously smaller than the Kalahari species.

Geographically, G. orobinus, Wagn., is the nearest
relative of Butler’s dormouse. Graphiurus orobinus is said to
come from “ Sennaar”’; the original description is so in-
complete that it is quite impossible to form any definite
idea as to the general characters of the species, even supposing
it can be referred to this genus. Reuvens was unable to
trace the whereabouts of the type and only quotes from
Wagner’s two descriptions. If orobinus is really a Graphi-
urus it would appear to be a darker and smaller species than
butler, the hind foot being given as only 10 mm. in length,
and therefore it is probably more nearly related to G. per-
sonatus and the small parvus group than to the larger
species.

* Regenerated.

Ee

a ae

On new Species of Pyralide, 321

XXXI.—Descriptions of new Species of Pyralide of the
Subfamily Pyraustine. By Sir Grorce F. Hampson,
Bart., F.Z.S., &c.

{Continued from p. 269. ]

(116) Nosophora bisexualis, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax pale fulvous ; palpi fuscous, with the
hair at extremity of second joint and on third joint black ;
extremities of fore femora and tibize fuscous; abdomen fus-
cous brown, the base pale fulvous, the ventral surface white.
Fore wing pale fulvous suffused with brown except the medial
part of costa and inner area; traces of a waved antemedial
line ; a slight yellowish spot in end of cell ; a semihyaline
white pateh beyond the cell between veins 8 and 2 rather
constricted at middle and rounded below, defined except
above by brown, on outer side by the faint. postmedial line,
which is retracted from its lower extremity to origin of
vein 2, then sinuous to inner margin; a fine pale line at base
of cilia, followed by a dark line. Hind wing ochreous
suffused with brown except basal and inner areas; traces of
a dark postmedial line from costa to vein 2; a slight pale
line at base of cilia.

9. Yellow tinged with fulvous; vertex of head white;
fore wing with the lower extremity of the hyaline patch more
produced, the lines more distinct ; hind wing with round
semihyaline patch beyond the cell defined by brown except
above.

Hab. Sotomon Is., Bougainville (Meek), 1 g, 1 2 type.
Exp. 28 mm.

(la) Chalcidoptera trogobasalis, sp. n.

Antenne with the base of shaft excised, then thicken> l,
angled, and curved upwards, the terminal part annulate.
Ochreous white ; second joint of palpi tinged with fuscous
towards extremity ; thorax aud abdomen dorsally spotted
with fuscous. Fore wing with curved subbasal fuscous line,
with ill-defined fuscous spots beyond it below costa, in cell,
and on inner margin; a curved antemedial line with spot
beyond it in cell; the medial part of costa tinged with
rufous ; a discoidal fuscous bar with a diffused line from it
joining the antemedial line at inner margin ; some diffused
brown spots beyond the cell between veins 7 and 2, bent

322 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

outwards below vein 5; the postmedial line slightly incurved
from costa to vein 4, then dentate to vein 2, where it is
retracted to lower angle of cell and excurved to inner margin,
some indistinct spots beyond it towards costa and a dentate
line from vein 5 to inner margin, angled inwards in sub-
median fold. Hind wing with diffused fuscous line from
middle of discocellulars to inner margin, connected with
some diffused fuscous beyond the cell ; the postmedial line
sinuous, bent outwards and dentate between veins 5 and 2,
then oblique to tornus; the terminal area tinged with
fuscous; both wings with strong black terminal line, the
cilia fuscous at tips.

Hab. S. Nicerta, Old Calabar (Crompton), 1 9, Warri
(Roth), 1 & type, Ilesha (Humphrey), 1 g, 1 2; N. Nr-
ceRIA, Borgu, Yelwa Lake (Migeod),1 ¢. Eup. 24 mm.

(1c) Chalcidoptera thermographa, n. n.

Chaleidoptera rufilineatis, Hmpsn. P. Z. 8. 1910, p. 497, pl. xl. fig. 23
(nec Swinh.).

(9) Chalcidoptera argyrophoralis, sp. n.

g. Head yellow tinged with rufous and mixed with
cupreous brown; thorax cupreous brown; abdomen yellow
at base and extremity, the medial segments brown with a
silvery gloss on third segment, the anal tuft tinged with
brown; palpi at base, pectus, legs, and ventral surface of
abdomen white. Fore wing pale yellow; the base brown ;
a large elliptical brown antemedial patch from costa to inner
margin, with silvery scales on its edges; terminal area pale
purplish brown, with incurved inner edge with silvery scales
on it, forming a large elliptical terminal patch. Hind wing
pale yellow, with faint line from lower angle of cell to tornus,
where it forms a small black spot; a large rounded pale
purplish brown terminal patch from just below costa to
vein 2, irrorated with blackish scales on inner side and with
silver bar on its inner side from costa to discal fold, followed
by some silver scales.

Hab. Goup Coast, Kumasi (Whiteside), 1 g type. Hap.
22 mm.

(2 a) Spilomela minoralis, sp. n.

$. Head and thorax white with brown streaks on tegul
and dorsum of thorax; palpi and legs tinged with yellow ;
abdomen white tinged with yellow especially towards ex-
tremity, where there is a fuscous patch on anal segment

Species of Pyralide. 323

above. Fore wing semihyaline white; a fuscous brown
subbasal band ; a slightly curved antemedial band ; a post-
medial band, oblique and slightly incurved from costa to
vein 2, where it is connected with a patch at tornus, then
retracted to upper angle of cell and enclosing a white dis-
eoidal striga, then erect to middle of inner margin ; a wedge-
‘shaped terminal Eee, broad at costa and narrowing to a
point above vein 2, divided by a white subterminal line
arising from below apex. Hind wing semihyaline white,
with ‘oblique fuscous medial and postmedial bands from
costa to just above tornus; a subterminal band from costa
to vein 2 and a terminal band.

Hab. Br. Guiana, Essequibo R., 1 ¢ type. Lxp.20 mm.

(7) Filodes normalis, sp. n.

Head fulvous, the extremity of second joint of palpi and
sides of frons black; thorax fuscous; legs tinged with
fulvous, the extremity of fore tibia and fore and mid femora
banded with black ; abdomen orange above with leaden-
grey segmental bands and subdorsal and lateral series of
black points, the ventral surface whitish; wings fuscous.
Fore wing with fulvous costal fascia ; a subbasal black spot
on costa; an oblique antemedial line obsolescent except
towards costa; a spot in middle of cell and larger round
discoidal spot ; a postmedial spot on costa with traces of a
curved line arising from it. Hind wing with black discoidal
spot and indistinct curved postmedial line.

Hab. Goup Coast, Kumasi (Whiteside), 1 3,1 92 type;
S. Nigeria, Warri (oth) ; Cameroons (Sjostedt), 1 ¢.
Exp. 32 mm.

(3 a) Tyspanodes albidalis, sp. n.

dg. Head and thorax white tinged with orange; pectus,
legs, and abdomen rather dirty white. Fore wing rather
dirty white, the end of cell and area just before apex
faintly tinged with yellow ; a faint obliquely curved ante-
medial line, a slight discoidal lunule, and traces of a curved
postmedial line; cilia fuscous at base, pure white at tips.
Hind wing rather dirty white; cilia fuscous at base, pure
white at tips. Underside of fore wing suffused with fuscous
brown except the costa and termen.

Hab. Soxomon Is., Bougainville (Meek), 1 g type, Choi-
seul (Meek). 1 3. Exp. 22 mm.

324 Sir G. F, Hampson on new

(3 a) Caprinia trichotarsia, sp. n.

Hind legs of male with the tibie fringed with long hair
above and below, the tarsi fringed with very long hair
above ; both wings with the cell very short.

3d. Head, thorax, and abdomen silvery white, the an-
tenne and shoulders pale ochreous brown; palpi silvery
grey towards tips; legs tinged with ochreous brown. Fore
wing silvery white, the costa tinged with ochreous brown,
the costal edge black towards base; a terminal series of
fuscous bars. Hind wing semihyaline silvery white, with
terminal series of fuscous bars from apex to submedian fold,
the costa fuscous towards apex.

Hab. Dutca N. Guinea, Snow Mts., Up. Setekwa R.
(Meck), 1 g type. Exp. 40 mm.

(4a) Caprinia cuprescens, sp. 0.

@. Head and thorax cupreous brown mixed with some
whitish, the vertex of head whiter; palpi white towards base,
black with a silvery gloss towards tips; pectus white; legs
whitish suffused with fuscous; abdomen white dorsally
tinged with brown, the sides and anal tuft black. Fore
wing cupreous brown; a terminal series of black points ;
cilia with a fine whitish line at base. Hind wing semi-
hyaline white, the terminal area cupreous brown ; the under-
side with the costal area cupreous brown.

Hab. New Guinea, Fak-fak (Prati), 1 g type. Lap.
40 mm.

(4b) Conchylodes intricata, sp. n.

Head and thorax white tinged with ochreous; antenne
black and with black streaks behind them ; tegule, patagia,
and metathorax with black patches; palpi with the second
joint black except at extremity ; tibiz and tarsi banded with
black; abdomen ochreous white dorsally suffused with
orange except towards base, a dorsal black spot at base, bar
on third segment followed by two small spots, and bar at
base of anal segment. Fore wing ochreous white tinged
in parts with brownish orange ; an incurved subbasal black
bar from costa; an oblique antemedial band with its outer
edge excised below the cell; a short black streak with a
bar from it at middle of costa; a black patch from costa to
lower angle of cell with two white discoidal points on it,
connected with an annulus below the cell cut by a round

Species of Pyralide. 325

black patch on inner area with white point on it at vein 1 ;
postmedial line black, expanding into a patch at costa, ex-
curved below costa, incurved at discal fold, excurved at
middle, then curved inwards to the round medial patch ; a
quadrate black apical patch with small white spot on it
below apex, a point at middle of termen and irregular black
patch above tornus ; cilia chequered black and white. Hind
wing ochreous white ; two slight black discoidal points; a
sinuous postmedial line ending in a small spot above tornus ;
a black apical patch and bar at middle of termen ; cilia
intersected with black towards apex and with black line near
base towards tornus; the underside with postmedial black
spot on costa.

Hab. Panama, 1 6 type; Peru, Cushi,\l), 9. Hap.,
3 22, § 24mm.

(7a) Conchylodes gammaphora, sp. n.

Conchylodes striginalis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 251 (part.),
nec Guen.

9. Head and thorax white; back of head black; dorsum
of thorax and patagia with black fascie ; palpi with the
second joint behind and base of third joint fuscous ; fore
tibize banded with black; abdomen white, the terminal seg-
ments dorsally orange, two black subdorsal fascize ending in
a dorsal bar on fifth segment, black dorsal points on two
terminal segments. Fore wing white; oblique subbasal and
antemedial black bands and an erect medial band; an ellip-
tical black discoidal spot with a sinuous white striga on it,
extending to just below the costa and connected by a bar with
the black postmedial band, which is slightly ineurved below
vein 4 and forming with it a Y-shaped band; a black sub-
terminal band and band on termen and base of cilia. Hind
wing white; an oblique black medial line ending above an
orange patch at tornus ; an oblique black postmedial band
with a hook on its inner side arising from vein 3, a sub-
terminal band, and a band on termen and base of cilia all
ending at the orange tornal patch.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa, Tabasco (H. H. Smith), 1 2 type,
Godman-Salvin Coll. Hap. 30 mm.

(lla) Conchylodes arcifera, sp. n.
Conchylodes platinalis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 250 (part.),
nec Guen.
Head and thorax white, the dorsum of thorax tinged with
ochreous brown; palpi with black spots on the joints; frons
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. ix. 22

326 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

with black spot; antennze with the basal joint black behind ;
shoulders with oblique black bars; fore tibize banded with
black ; abdomen orange, white at base, subdorsal black
spots at base, bar on third segment, spot on fourth segment,
followed by small spots on the terminal segments, the ventral
surface white with small spots on medial segments and sub-
lateral spots on terminal segments. Fore wing white; a
wedge-shaped subbasal black bar from costa to vein 1 ;
antemedial line black, expanding into a spot at costa; a
small elliptical black annulus at middle of cell extending
almost to costa and an elliptical discoidal annulus extending
to costa; postmedial line black, slightly dilated at costa,
somewhat excurved to vein 1, then retracted to the discoidal
annulus and forming a hoop to inner margin, its inner arm
erect and dilated into asmall spot at inner margin; a slightly
curved black subterminal line dilated into a small spot at
costa; a black terminal line. Hind wing white ; a black
discoidal point with oblique line from below it to tornus ;
postmedial line black, slightly incurved to submedian fold,
where it forms a hook on its inner side arising from vein 3 ;
a black subterminal line dilated into a spot at costa and a
terminal line, both ending at submedian fold.

Hab. Mexico, Durango (Forrer), 1 g, Guerrero (H. H.
Smith), 1 9; Guarmmata, Zapote (Champion), 1 2, San
Geronimo (Champion), 1 g type; Nicaracua, Chontales
(Janson), 1 $, Godman-Salvin Coll. Hap. 28-34 mm.

(112) Conchylodes terminipuncta, sp. n.

Conchylodes platinalis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 250 (part.),
nec Guen.

Head and thorax white, the dorsum of thorax tinged with
brown ; palpi with small lateral black spots on second and
third joints; frons with black spot; basal joint of antennz
with small black spot behind ; patagia with black streaks ;
fore tibiz banded with black; abdomen orange, white at
base, a slight black bar at base, bar on third segment, patch
on fourth segment followed by small spots on terminal seg-
ments and wedge-shaped patch on anal segment, the ventral
surface white, with sublateral black points on terminal seg-
ments. Fore wing white ; asubbasal black spot below costa ;
an antemedial black spot below costa, with line from it to
inner margin slightly excurved below the cell ; an elliptical
black spot at middle of cell and elliptical discoidal annulus ;
postmedial line black, dilated into a spot at costa, excurved
and sinuous to vein 1, then retracted to below the discoidal

—EeE————

Species of Pyralide. 327

annulus and forming a hoop-to inner margin, where it is
bent inwards and dilated; a black subterminal line, ex-
panding into a spot at costa and connected by a spot at
discal fold with the black terminal line. Hind wing white, a
black discoidal point with oblique line from below it to inner
margin before tornus; postmedial line fine, black, oblique
to vein 1, where it forms a hook on its inner side arising
from vein 3 ; a fine black subterminal line expanding into
spots at apex and tornus ; a fine black terminal line.

Hab. Mexico, Tabasco, Teapa (H. H. Smith), 1 3 type;
GuatemaLta, Vera Paz (Champion), 1 6, 1 2, Panima
(Champion), 1 3, 1 2; Costa Rica, Irazu (Rogers), 2 3,
Godman-Salvin Coll. Hzp. 24-28 mm.

(lle) Conchylodes stictiperalis, sp. un.

9. Head and thorax white, the back of head and dorsum
of thorax suffused with brown ; palpi with black spots at
sides of first and second joints ; frons with black spot; basal
joint of antennz with small black spot behind ; patagia with
black streaks; fore tibie banded with black; abdomen
white, the terminal segments dorsally tinged with orange, a
brown bar on third segment. Fore wing white; a subbasal
black band from costa to vein 1; antemedial line black, ex-
panding into a small spot at costa ; an elliptical spot below
middle of costa, with slight whitish centre and an elliptical
discoidal annulus; postmedial line black, expanding into a
lunule below costa, slightly excurved to vein 2, then retracted
to the discoidal annulus and curved inwards to inner margin,
above which it is dilated into a spot; a subapical black spot,
small subterminal spots above and below vein 5, points above
veins 3 and 2, and a bar in submedian interspace ; a terminal
series of black strie. Hind wing white; a small black
discoidal spot with oblique line from below it to inner mar-
gin before tornus; an oblique postmedial line from below
costa to vein 2; a black apical spot with the fine subter-
minal line arising from it and slightly incurved below vein 2 ;
a black terminal line broken up into striz at middle.

Hab. Brazit, Para, 1 @ type. Ezp. 30 mm.

(2a) Dichogama obsolescens, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax yellowish white; antennz fuscous;
abdomen yellowish white, faintly tinged with rufous towards
extremity. Fore wing yellowish white; antemedial line
represented by an oblique black striga from vein | to inner
margin ; a slight oblique black striga at lower angle of cell,

QDV*

328 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

representing part of the discoidal annulus, and slight streaks
of black scales in the interspaces beyond the cell ending in
minute scale-points, representing the excurved part of the
postmedial line which forms an oblique black striga from
vein 1 to inner margin near the antemedial striga ; some
black points just before termen from below apex to vein 3;
cilia brownish at tips. Hind wing hyaline white, the costa
and cilia yellowish white. Underside of fore wing with
brown discoidal lunule, with some suffusion above it and
postmedial bar from below costa to vein 6.
Hab. Grenava (H. H. Smith), 1 3 type. Exp. 36 mm.

(4a) Phryganodes tridentalis, sp. n.

Antenne of male with a small dilation fringed with hair
above at one-third, then somewhat contorted.

$. Head and thorax fuscous brown ; palpi blackish ; pec-
tus and legs grey-brown, the hind tarsi white; abdomen
grey-brown, the anal tuft and ventral surface white. Fore
wing fuscous brown with a cupreous gloss ; a diffused oblique
dark antemedial line slightly angled inwards above inner
margin; a dark spot in middle of cell and round discoidal
patch with greyish striga on it; postmedial line indistinct,
dark diffused, with slght white streaks before it above
veins 6 and 5, then with three dentate white marks before it
between veins 5 and 2, then bent inwards to origin of vein 2
and erect to inner margin; a fine pale line at base of cilia.
Hind wing with the basal half semihyaline whitish suffused
with brown, the terminal half fuscous brown with a cupreous
gloss, narrowing to tornus; a blackish diseoidal spot with
oblique diffused line from it to inner margin towards tornus ;
a fine whitish line at base of cilia ; the underside with dark
postmedial line, smuous towards costa, excurved and waved
between veins 5 and 2, then bent inwards to below end of
cell.

Hab. Perv, El Porvenir, 1 ¢ type. Exp. 38 mm.

(6b) Phryganodes rotundalis, sp. n.

Fore wing with the apex more rounded and not produced.

g. Yeliowish white ; abdomen with fuscous dorsal patches.
Fore wing with brown costal fascia expanding slightly above
end of cell; a brown discoidal lunule ; a brown fascia below
vein 2 from cell to termen ; the terminal area suffused with
brown narrowing to tornus. Hind wing with large brown
apical patch extending below the costa to discocellulars and
to vein 3, the terminal line extending to submedian fold.

Hab. Surinam (Eilacombe), Inquitos (Stuart), 1 g type.
Exp, 28 mm.

v-

Species of Pyralidie, 329

(8a) Phryganodes lasiocnemis, sp. 0.

Fore, mid, and hind femora, tibiz, and first joint of tarsi
fringed with long hair.

Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown, the last with
the anal tuft blackish, the ventral surface pure white edged
with blackish ; the tarsi white, the fringes of hair on fore
and mid legs pale rufous. Fore wing reddish brown; an
obliquely curved dark antemedial line ; a dark point in middle
of cell and oblique discoidal bar; postmedial line dark,
slightly excurved below costa, at vein 2 retracted to below
end of cell, and almost obsolete, then erect; cilia white at
tips towards tornus. Hind wing reddish brown ; an oblique
dark discoidal bar; postmedial line dark, excurved from
below costa to vein 2, then retracted and oblique to sub-
mediau fold. Underside of fore wing with the postmedial
line punctiform, incurved between veins 5 and 3, and re-
tracted at vein 2; hind wing with the postmedial line
punctiform and sinuous.

Hab. Br. N. Guinea, Ekeikei (Pratt), 6 6, 3 2 type,
Mafalu (Pratt),1 2. Eap. 34-42 mm.

(10 a) Phryganodes leucogaster, sp. n.

Mid and hind tarsi of male not fringed with hair.

Head, thorax, and abdomen pale red-brown, the last with
the ventral surface pure white; palpi at base and pectus
yellowish, the fore tibiz and the tarsi white. Fore wing
pale red-brown ; an obliquely curved dark antemedial line ;
a dark discoidal bar ; postmedial line dark, excurved below
costa, slightly waved at middle, below vein 3 retracted to
below end of cell and again slightly excurved ; a punctiform
dark terminal line; cilia with dark line at middle and pure
white tips except at middle. Hind wing pale red-brown ; an
oblique dark discoidal bar; postmedial line dark, excurved to
vein 3, then retracted and oblique to submedian fold; a slight
dark terminal line; cilia with a dark line at middle and
white tips except at middle. Underside of both wings with
the postmedial line punctiform and incurved below vein 3.

Ab. 1. With a greyish-fuscous tinge, the abdomen with
the anal tuft blackish, the ventral surface tinged with pale
pink.—Nias I.

Hab. Nias I., 1 6; Borneo, Sarawak (Wallace), 1 2;
Puro Laur (Doherty), 1 3 type. Exp. 30-36 mm.

330 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

(104) Phryyanodes fuscicilia, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen fuscous brown, the last
with the anal tuft blackish, the ventral surface pure white
edged with black ; palpi at base and pectus ochreous ; tarsi
white. Fore wing fuscous brown with a greyish tinge ;
antemedial line dark, oblique; a dark discoidal bar ; post-
medial line dark, excurved below costa, at vein 2 retracted to
below end of cell and almost obsolete, then slightly excurved ;
a rather punctiform dark terminal line and slight pale line
at base of cilia. Hind wing fuscous brown with a greyish
gloss ; a dark discoidal bar; postmedial line dark, excurved
and slightly waved to vein 3, then retracted and oblique to
submedian fold ; a dark terminal line and slight pale line at
base of cilia. Underside of both wings with the postmedial
line punctiform and incurved below vein 3, on fore wing
incurved at vein 4.

Ab. 1. Redder brown; legs with the friges of hair
yellowish.—St. Aignan.

Hab. Br. N. Guinea, Mt. Kebea (Pratt), 1 ¢ type;
Louistapgs, St. Aignan (Meek), 1 ¢. Exp. 34 mm.

(15 a) Phryganodes samealis, sp. un.

Hind femora of male with a large tuft of scales near
extremity, the base of tibia with slight fringe of scales on
inner side ; tegulz with tufts of long scales extending well
beyond metathorax ; abdomen with large tufts of scales at
base on ventral surface and lateral tufts of long hair towards
extremity; hind wing with the tornus strongly lobed, dis-
torted, and with tufts of hair,

Head and thorax ochreous white; blackish patches on
first and second joints of palpi, tegule, and shoulders; the
patagial tufts brownish ; femora and tibiz with blackish
marks and the tufts of scales black ; abdomen with blackish
dorsal marks towards base, the terminal segments blackish
with white segmental lines. Fore wing ochreous white, the
disk semihyaline white; a blackish spot at base of costa; a
diffused antemedial band composed of two ill-defined lines
with another line beyond it angled below cell; a small
annulus in middle of cell; a large discoidal patch extending
to costa and with a slight pale lunule on it; the postmedial
line excurved from costa to vein 5 where it is angled in-
wards, excurved again to vein 2, retracted to lower angle of
cell where it encloses a small pale triangular mark, then
oblique to middle of inner margin; the terminal area
blackish with a series of pale spots beyond the postmedial

WR eel Oi te

Species of Pyralidx. 331

line. Hind wing semihyaline whitish ; a small tuft of dark
scales near base of median neryure; a blackish discoidal
annulus; the postmedial line slightly waved from costa to
vein 2 where it is retracted to lower angle of cell, then
oblique to tornus where the tufts of hair are black ; apical
area black, narrowing to a point at vein 2.

Hab. Br. Guiana (Kaye), 1 2 ; Surinam, Paramaribo
(Ellacombe) ; Brazit, Amazons, 1 ¢ type. Hap. 28 mm.

(16 a) Phryganodes tetrastictalis, sp. un.

Hind tibia of male strongly curved towards extremity
and fringed with long hair above, with short hair below.

é@. Head, thorax, and abdomen orange mixed with brown ;
fore tibize with black band at extremity; abdomen with
orange lateral tufts, the ventral surface pale. Fore wing
brown; slight orange and black markings at base; a tri-
angular orange patch on costa just beyond middle, extending
to submedian fold and with black discoidal spot on it.
Hind wing brown with orange patch in, beyond, and below
end of cell ; a black spot at lower angle of cell.

@. Orange; wings with black discoidal spots; ‘the
terminal area brown, with somewhat sinuous blackish line
on its inner edge.

Hab. Gop Coast, Kumasi (Whiteside), 1 2 ; S. Nigeria,
Old Calabar (Crompton), 1 3 type, Warri (Roth), Sapele
(Sampson),1 9. Hp. 30-32 mm.

(16 6) *Phryganodes metalobalis, sp. n.

g. Hind tibiz fringed with hair, with tuft of long hair
from base and a tult from coxa; a tuft of hair from pectus
near origin of hind wing, of which the tornal areais produced
into a very large rounded lobe.

Cupreous brown ; neck with some orange scales; tarsi
pale ; anal tuft ochreous.

Hab. Br. Guiana, Fort George, type in Coll. Rothschild.
Exp. 44mm.

(16a) Phryganodes truncatalis, sp. n.

Hind wing with the costa short, the apex acute and the
termen excised below it.

6. Uniform brown with acupreous gloss ; tarsi whitish ;
cilia of both wings with the tips slightly whitish.

Hab. Panama, La Chorrera (Dolby-Tyler), 1 3 type.
Exp. 32 mm.

332 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

(52 a) Phryganodes selenophora, sp. 0.

3g. Head pale red-brown; thorax and abdomen dark red-
brown, the last with slight dorsal white segmental lines and
large pale ochreous genital tuft; palpi at base, pectus and
legs white. Fore wing dark red-brown, the medial part of
costa bright yellow extending to just before the antemedial
line which is dark brown, slightly bent outwards below costa,
then oblique; a silvery-white discoidal lunule, its imner
edge slightly indented above where it is conjoined to the
yellow costal area; postmedial line dark brown, excurved
and slightly dentate to vein 4, then bent inwards to below
end of cell and oblique to inner margin; the termen excised
below apex and excurved at middle; a fine pale line at base
of cilia. Hind wing dark red-brown; postmedial line dark,
straight to vein 2, then bent inwards to lower angle of cell
and oblique to imner margin near tornus; cilia with fine
white lime at base and white tips; the underside greyish
with blackish discoidal lunule and punctiform sinuous post-
medial line.

Hab. W. Cotomsia, Jiminez, 1 ¢ type. Eap. 32 mm.

(57a) Phryganodes cupriflavalis, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen pale yellow, the sides of head
and front of thorax tinged with red-brown ; palpi at base,
pectus and ventral surface of abdomen white; the fore tibiz
with fuscous band. Fore wing cupreous brown, with oblique
wedge-shaped pale yellow patch from beyond upper angle of
cell to medial part of inner margin; a slight dark discoidal
lunule. Hind wing pale yellow, the terminal area cupreous
brown ; cilia whitish at tips.

Hab. Stncarore (Ridley), 10 8, 2 2 type; SamBawa
(Doherty),1 3. Eap. 26 mm.

(55d) Phryganodes glyphodoides, sp. n.

6. Head and thorax fuscous brown with a greyish gloss ;
palpi at base and throat yellowish white; abdomen whitish
tinged with brown, the ventral surface brown. Fore wing
cupreous brown ; a small antemedial white spot in cell, a
medial bar from subcostal nervure to submedian fold, and an
elliptical postmedial patch between veins 7 and 3; cilia with
fine whitish line at base, the tips white towards tornus.
Hind wing pure white with cupreous brown terminal band
narrowing to tornus ; cilia white with cupreous brown band
near base; the underside with the costal area cupreous
brown conjoined to a small spot at upper angle of cell.

Hab. W. Coromsta, Jiminez, 1 ¢ type. Lap. 28 mm.

Species of Pyralide. 333

(64a) Phryganodes atrisignalis, sp. 0.

Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish suffused with pale
rufous ; palpi tinged with fuscous, white at base; pectus,
legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white, the fore tibiz
with fuscous band. Fore wing brownish grey with a slight
cupreous tinge; an indistinct curved fuscous antemedial
line; a small blackish spot at middle of cell and discoidal
bar; postmedial line indistinct, fuscous, slightly incurved
below costa and excurved between veins 5 and 2, then bent
inwards to below end of cell and erect to inner margin; a
fine whitish line at base of cilia. Hind wing brownish grey
with a slight cupreous tinge ; an oblique blackish discoidal
striga ; postmedial line indistinct, dark, excurved between
veils 5 and 2, then retracted to below end of cell and oblique
to above tornus ; a blackish terminal line and fine whitish
line at base of cilia; the underside whiter.

Hab. Sincarore (Ridley), 3 3, 3 2 type. Exp. 30-
38 mm.

(644) Phryganodes tridentalis, sp. n.

6. Head, thorax, and abdomen fulvous brown; pectus
aud ventral surface of abdomen whitish; fore tibiz with
black band at extremity. Fore wing fulvous brown with
slight fuscous suffusion, except on costal area to postmedial
Jine, the costal edge fuscous; an obliquely curved fuscous
antemedial line; a black point in middle of cell and discoidal
Junule ; postmedial lme fuscous, bent outwards and pro-
duced to teeth below veins 5, 4, 3, then retracted to below
end of cell and slightly angled outwards in submedian fold ;
a terminal fuscous line and slight pale line at base of cilia.
Hind wing greyish brown suffused with fuscous ; an oblique
discoidal bar; postmedial line rather diffused, fuscous, bent
outwards and produced to long teeth below veins 5, 4,3; a
terminal fuscous line and pale line at base of cilia.

Hab. Goxp Coast, Kumasi (Whiteside), 1 8 type. Ezp.
34 mm.

(2) *Oligocentris uniformalis, sp. n.

6. Uniform bright ochreous yellow; palpi with the
second joint black above ; fore tibiz banded with black at
extremity. Fore wing with traces of discoidal dark point.

Hab. Sura Maneour (Doherty), type in Coll. Rothschild.
Exp. 26 mm.

(6a) Dichocrocis vanthoplagalis, sp. n.
Hind wing of male with a fringe of long hair on vein 1 on
underside, dark at base, fulvous towards tornus, which is
truncate, with a tuft of long black hair from just before it.

334 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

dg. Dark brown; palpi yellowish at base; fore tibize
yellowish with black band, the tarsi yellowish; abdomen
with the ventral surface yellowish to beyond middle, the
genital tuft yellowish. Fore wing with somewhat triangular
orange discoidal patch extending from below the costa to sub-
median fold, with a dark bar on discocellulars. Hind wing
with small orange spot at lower angle of cell.

Hab. 8. Nigeria, Lagos (H. Strachan), 1 g type. Ezp.
28 mm.

(8c) Dichocrocis nigricinctalis, sp. 0.

3. Orange; fore tibie black at extremity; mid tibize
black at base ; abdomen with dorsal black band on penulti-
mate segment, the two segments before it with lateral bars.
Fore wing with oblique subbasal black bar from costa;
a strong curved antemedial black line ; a discoidal striga; a
streng black postmedial line, straight from costa to vein 2
where it is somewhat retracted and with black irroration
before it between veins 6 and 2. Hind wing with black
postmedial line, straight and outwardly diffused from costa
to vein 2 where it is angled inwards, then again excurved.

Hab. Tropriann Is., Kiriwini (Meek), 1 g type. Lap.
20 mm.

(12 a) Dichocrocis usticinctalis, sp. n.

6. Orange-yellow ; palpi black at tips ; tegule black at
inner side and at tips; patagia extending to well beyond
metathorax, red-brown at tips; fore tibiz with black spot at
extremity; metathorax with black spot ; abdomen with pair
of dorsal black spots on first segment, a band on second,
spot on third, and patches on fourth and fifth, sublateral
series of black points and a ventral line at base of anal
segment. Fore wing with black spot at base; an ante-
medial bar from costa to median nervure bent inwards to
costa and a red-brown band below it from submedian fold
to inner margin followed by a black bar; a black point in
middle of cell and small discoidal lunule ; postmedial line
black, obsolescent except at costa and towards inner margin,
straight from costa to vein 4, then strongly incurved,
followed by a broad band of red-brown suffusion except
towards costa ; the costal edge slightly tinged with fuscous
towards apex. Hind wing with straight diffused blackish
postmedial line from vein 6 to near inner margin followed
by a broad band of red-brown suffusion.

Hab. Masnonatann, Umtali (Marshall),1 g type. Lap.

24 mm.

Spectes of Pyralide. 335

(13 a) Dichocrocis loxophora, sp. n.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow ; fore tibize with
black band ; abdomen with subbasal black points on second,
third, and fourth segments and ventral black bars on four
terminal segments. ” Fore wing yellow; a blackish point
below base of costa ; ; an inw ardly oblique blackish antemedial
line; a black postmedial striga from costa and inwardly
oblique series of points from it to inner margin; a sub-
terminal series of points from vein 7 to inner margin, the
points at discal fold and inner margin further from termen.
Hind wing yellow; a slight discoidal blackish point; a
black postmedial bar from inner margin; a series of points
from costa beyond middle to termen near tornus and a sub-
terminal point above vein 2.

Hab. Bau (Doherty), 1 3 type. Eap. 20 mm.

(26 a) *Dichocrocis philippinensis, sp. n.

White; palpi banded with pale fulvous yellow; tegule,
patagia, and base of abdomen spotted with pale orange, the
terminal part of abdomen banded with orange and with a
black dorsal band on terminal segment. Fore wing with
orange-fulvous spot on base of costal area; curved subbasal
and antemedial orange bands ; a spot in middle of cell and
discoidal bar ; the postmedial line incurved from costa to
vein 5, where it emits a short spur on inner side, then ex-
curved to vein 2, where it is retracted to lower angle of cell
and expands into a diffused spot, and erect to inner margin ;
a terminal band expanding somewhat towards costa and
Jargely on inner margin. Hind wing with orange-fulvous
subbasal spot ; a diffused band from middle of cell to above
tornus ; a large discoidal spot; the postmedial diffused band
angled inwards in discal fold to the discoidal spot, then
excurved to vein 2 where it is retracted to lower angle of
cell; a terminal band expanding somewhat towards costa
and into a patch towards tornus ; cilia of both wings with
an orange line through them.

Hab, Putuierines, Manilla (Whitehead), type in Coll.
Rothschild. Hzp. 16 mm.

(35 a) Dichocrocis albilunalis, sp. n.

gy. Head and thorax white; palpi tinged with brown;
shoulders brown; abdomen pale cupreous brown, white at
base of dorsum. Fore wing pale cupreous brown ; an
oblique black antemedial line from below costa to inner
margin ; a pure white discoidal lunule with slight fuscous

336 Geographical Distribution of the Genus Perionyx.

marks on its inner and outer edges at middle; postmedial
line black, excurved from costa to vein 2, then bent inwards
to below end of cell and erect to inner margin ; a terminal
series of black points. Hind wing white, the terminal area
tinged with pale brown; an indistinct curved crenulate
postmedial line from costa to below vein 3; a terminal
series of black points from apex to vein 2; cilia white, with
a brownish line through them from apex to vein 2; the
underside with the postmedial line distinct, black, angled
outwards below vein 7.

Hab. Br. N. Guinea, Dinawa (Pratt), 1 g type. Eap.
30 mm.

[To be continued. }

XXXII.—On the Geographical Distribution of the Genus
Perionyx. By Dr. Luigi CoGNETTI DE Martiis, R. Museo
Zoologico, ‘Torino.

IN a paper recently published in this Journal* I gavea
description of a new species of Perionyx from Shoe Island,
near the Auckland Island, and I mentioned that the
genus Perionya ‘was only known from the Philippine
and Sunda Islands, from the Indian Empire, Himalaya
(11,900'), Ceylon, and Madagascar.” Prof. W. Michaelsen,
of the Museum of Hamburg, has recently T made a revision
of this genus, including in it the genus Perionychella { and
a species from the Auckland Island which Prof. W. B.
Benham, of the University of Otago, described § under the
name of Diporocheia perionychopsis. By the addition of
these species the geographical distribution of the genus
Perionyx is of course greatly amplified. To the localities
mentioned in my paper there must be added :—North Queens-
land, Victoria, Tasmania, and Auckland Islands.

* Ser. 8, vol. ix., January 1912, pp. 67-69.

t “ Die Oligochatenfauna der vorderindisch-ceylonischen Region,” in
Abh. nat. Ver. Hamburg, xix. 6 Hft. 1910, pp. 58-60.

{ The genus Pertonychella was founded by Michaelsen in 1907: cfr.
‘Die Fauna Siidwest-Australiens, Bd. i. Lief. 2, p. 163; see also
Michaelsen, in Mt. Mus. Hamburg, Bd. 24, 1907, pp. 154-158, and
Michaelsen, in Mem. Ind. Mus. vol. i. 1909, pp. 166-174.

§ See in ‘Subantarctic Islands of New Zealand,’ Art. xii., 1909,
pp. 286-289.

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossortal Hymenoptera. 337

XXXIIT.—WNotes on Fossorial Hymenoptera.—VIT.
By Rowxianp E. Turner, F.Z.8., F.E.S.

On the Genus Stizus, Latr.

THE following notes on the genus Sfrzus are the result of a
rearrangement of the material in the National Collection.
Something yet remains to be done in the difficult tridens
group of the genus, but in the other groups the notes are
fairly complete on the material available. I follow Handlirsch
in his definition of the genus, though I have no doubt that
it will eventually be subdivided. Ashmead’s classification is
evidently based on an insuflicient collection, and does not
provide for some of Handlirsch’s groups. Small genera
would have to be formed for more than one of these to make
the classification complete, and [ agree with Handlirsch that
it is better to postpone such action until larger collections
are available. Most of the African material is from the
African Entomological Research Committee.

Stizus cyanescens, Rad.
Stizus cyanescens, Rad. Hore soc. ent. Ross, xxi. p. 96 (1877).

This species occurs in §.W. Persia and also as far east as
Karachi.

Stizus comberi, sp. n.

¢. Niger, iridescens ; mandibulis basi, labro, clypeo, fronte sub
antennis, scapo subtus, pronoto postice angustissime, segmentis
dorsalibus 1—6 fascia angusta apicali, ventralibus 2-6 macula
transyersa utrinque, tibiis subtus tarsisque pallide flavis; alis
hyalinis, costa leviter infuscata, venis nigris.

Long. 10 mm.

3. Mandibles with a tooth on the inner margin near the
apex; clypeus nearly three times as broad as long; eyes
strongly convergent towards the clypeus, at the base of which
they are separated by a distance nearly equal to the length
of the scape. Antenne inserted nearer to the eyes than to
the base of the clypeus, the apical joints of the same structure
as in S, tridens, the tenth joint of the flagellum with a spine
at the apex, the eleventh strongly curved and a little longer
than the tenth, the apical joint only half as long as the
eleventh and forming a curved spine. Posterior ocelli only
a little further from each other than from the eyes. Median

338 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

segment concave posteriorly, the lower angles rather widely
excised. Head and thorax very finely and shallowly punc-
tured, median segment and abdomen more closely and
strongly punctured. Abdomen a little stouter than in
S. tridens, seventh ventral segment with a longitudinal
carina. Second cubital cell not petiolate, second abscissa of
the radius nearly half as long as the first. Hind wing as in
S. tridens.

Hab. Sigivi, Ceylon (EH. Comber); March 1910.

This belongs to the tridens group. It may be distin-
guished from tridens by the deeper incision at the angle of
the median segment, by the more robust build, by the
broadly rounded apical margin of the sixth ventral segment,
and by the distinctly narrower front.

Stizus s¢tmillimus, Sm.

Larra simillima, Sm, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soe., Zool. iii. p. 159 (1859).

2 (dS).
Stizus simillimus, Sm. Sitzungsb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, ci. p. 32 (1892).
Stizus magrettii, Handl. Sitzungsh. Akad, Wiss. Wien, ci. p. 19
(1892).

T agree with Handlirsch that Smith has probably confused
two species in his description, and that his short description
of the male refers to another species. But as the main
description is of the female, I think his name should stand
for the present species, described by Handlirsch as magretti’.

Stizus hemorrhoidalis, Hand.

Stizus hemorrhoidalis, Hand]. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1. p. 472
(1900).

Hab. Bothaville and Algoa Bay (Brauns); Chirinda
Forest, Gazaland (Odendaal).

Stizus nyase, sp. 0.

3. Very nearly related to the N.-African S. discolor,
Handl., from which it differs in the finer puncturation of the
abdomen and in the less compressed angles of the median
seoment. ‘The ventral surface of the abdomen is entirely
unarmed, being without the minute tubercle characteristic of
discolor. In colour there is little difference, but nyase has
the apical half of the scutellum yellow and the postscutellum
black, whereas in discolor both are entirely yellow; the
colour is in all the markings brighter and clearer in nyase
than in discolor. In the female there is never any ferru-

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 389

ginous colour at the base of the abdomen, whereas in speci-
mens of discolor from Biskra the two basal segments are
usually dull ferruginous. I think the two forms must be
considered specifically distinct.

Long., ¢ 2, 12-15 mm.

Hab. Lower Luangwa River, N.E. Rhodesia; Karonga,
Lake Nyasa (S. A. Neave).

The male is the type. The species was submitted to
Herr Kohl, who pointed out the affinity with discolor.
S. discolor, Handl., ranges eastward as far as Karachi, where
one male was collected by Mr. Comber.

Stizus caffer, Sauss.
Stizus caffer, Sauss. Mélanges hyménopt. p. 28 (1855). 9.

As Handlirsch suspected, the male shows that this species
should be grouped with haplocerus, Handl., and not with
loriculatus, Sm. ‘The male caffer is very similar to the
female, the antennz are without spines, the apical joint no
longer than the penultimate and slightly curved. Posterior
angles of the median segment widely excised.

Stizus oxydorcus, Handl.
Stizus orydorcus, Handl. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1. p. 472 (1900).
2

Hab. Bothaville (Brauns); Buluwayo (G. A. K. Mar-
shall).

The male differs much more from clavicornis, Handl., than
the female. There is no sexual difference in the antenne ;
the eyes are more strongly convergent than in the female.
The prominent tooth on the second ventral segment, which is
characteristic of clavicornis, is entirely absent in oxydorcus ;
the seventh ventral segment is similar to that of clavicornis,
but the lateral carinze are produced into more prominent
teeth.

Stizus escalere, sp. n.

3. Stizo clavicorni affinis; niger, flagello antennarum subtus
ferrugineo; pedibus pallide flavis, testaceo-variegatis; man-
dibulis basi, clypeo, fronte sub antennis, scapo, pronoto postice,
callis humeralibus, mesopleuris fascia lata antice, segmentis
dorsalibus 1-7 fascia lata apicali, prima late emarginata, 2-5
antice bisinuatis, sexta septimaque anguste interruptis, segmento
ventrali secundo dimidio apicali, tertio quartoque fascia apicali
bisinuata, quinto fascia interrupta pallide flavidulis; alis hyalinis,
venis ferrugineis,

Long. 12 mm.

340 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

g. Mandibles with a small tooth on the interior margin
near the apex. Clypeus longer than broad, strongly emar-
ginate at the apex, the labrum short. Antenne separated
from the base of the clypeus by a distance equal to a little
more than half the length of the scape; flagellam gradually
thickened to the apex ; the eleventh and tenth joints normal,
broader than long; the apical joint rounded at the apex, no
Jonger than the penultimate. Eyes strongly convergent
towards the clypeus, separated at the base of the clypeus by
a distance scarcely exceeding the length of the scape. Median
segment distinctly but not strongly concave on the posterior
surface, the angles not excised. Second ventral segment
armed with a strong tooth, sixth widely emarginate at the
apex, seventh with the sides raised and forming lateral
carine ending in a blunt tooth. Hypopygium with three
short spines. Second cubital cell not petiolate, second
abscissa of the radius shorter than the first. Cubitus of the
hind wing originating a little before the apex of the sub-
median cell, from the apex of the median cell only one vein
is emitted.

Hab. Haut-Kharoum, Kaemenogra (Escalera).

This belongs to the group elavicornis, Handl. ; the other
species of the group are from 8. Africa.

Stizus cinguliger, Sm.

Larra cinguligera, Sm. Cat. Hym. B.M. iv. p. 341 (1856). Q.
Stizus clavicornis, Handl, Sitzungsb, Akad. Wiss. Wien, ci. p. 95

(1892). ¢.
Stizus tenuteornis, Sm.

Larra tenuicornis, Sm. Cat. Hym. B.M. iv. p. 351 (1856). ¢.
Stizus tenuicornis, Handl. Sitzungsb, Akad. Wiss. Wien, ci. p. 173
(1892).

Hab. Gambia (Smith).

This is very near S. arenarum, Handl., but has the apical
joint of the antennee scarcely curved and rounded at the apex,
whereas in arenarum it is distinctly curved and truncate at
the apex. The first transverse cubital nervure is straight in
both species. Thus tenuicornis belongs to the ruficornis

group.
Stizus ruficornis, Fabr.
Stizus scutellaris, Kirby, Bull. Liverpool Mus. p. 16 (1900), @.
Hab. Sokotra.

There can be no doubt that Kirby’s name should be sunk
as a synonym of this wide-ranging species.

Mr. R. E, Turner on Fossortal Hymenoptera, 341

Stizus fuliginosus, Klug.

Larra fuliginosa, Klug, Symb. phys. (1845).

Larra combusta, Sm. Cat. Hym. B.M. iv. p. 341 (1856).

Stizus fuliginosus, Handl. Sitzungsb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, ci. p. 165
(1892).

Stizus combustus, Hand, /. c. p. 179 (1892).

I cannot see that Smith’s type of combusta from Trebizond
differs trom N.-African specimens. ‘The species ranges as
far as the Gambia River in a south-westerly direction.

Stizus baumannii, Uandl.,
Stizus baumannii, Handl. Verh. zool.-bot, Ges. Wien, li, p. 508 (1901).
9.

Hab. Dar-es-Salaam (/landlirsch) ; Mid Luangwa Valley,
N.E. Rhodesia; Domira Bay, Lake Nyasa (S. A. Neave) :
Harar, Abyssinia (G@ . Kristensen).

The male has the apical joint of the antenne strongly
curved, no longer than the penultimate joint. The yellow
lateral spots on the abdomen are variable, but seem to be
always absent on the second segment of the male, sometimes
also on the third segment.

‘ Stizus fuscipennis, Sm.
Larra fuscipennis, Sm, Cat. Hym. B.M. iv. p. 344 (1856). g 9.
Stizus fuscipennis, Handl. Sitzungsb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, ci. p. 166
(1892).

This belongs to the ruficornis group, the first transverse
cubital nervure being straight and the female having a fovea
on the scutellum. ‘lhe male has the clypeus nearly twice as
broad as long; the antenne separated from the base of the
elypeus by a distance slightly exceeding the length of the
scape, the eyes slightly convergent towards the clypeus; the
apical juint of the flagellum strongly curved, no longer than
the penultimate. In both sexes the abdomen is _ black,
glossed with blue more strongly in the female than in the
male, a large yellow spot on each side of the second and
third segments, the two apical segments dark ferruginous.
The wings are rather pale fuscous, | a paler margin reaching
into the third cubital cell. In one male there is a spot on the
sides of the first dorsal segment.

There are three specimens in the British Museum from
Natal; all are old specimens. It is remarkable that this
fine species should not have been received in recent
collections.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. ix. 23

342 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

Stizus handlirschi, Rad.
Stizus handlirschi, Rad. Hor. soc. ent. Ross. xxvii. p. 62 (1893).

Hab. Saraks (Radoszkowsky) ; Karachi (Comber).

Stizus pulcherrimus, Sm.

Larra pulcherrima, Sm, Cat. Wym. B.M. iv. p. 348 (1856). 9.
Stizus pulcherrimus, Handl. Sitzungsb. Akad. Wiss, Wien, ci. p. 172
(1892).

This belongs to the fasciatus group. In the male the
apical joint of the antennz is no longer than the penultimate,
slightly curved. ‘lhe eyes converge slightly towards the
elypeus, making the face narrow; the antennz are separated
from the base of the elypeus by a distance not quite equal to
the length of the scape. First transverse cubital nervure
curved.

Hab. N. China, Tientsin (F. WM. Thomson); 1 g, May
1906.

Stizus annu/atus, Klug.

Larra annulata, Klug, Symb. Phys. pl. xlvi. fig. 7 (1845).
Larra subapicalis, Walk. List of Hymen. Egypt, p. 25 (1871).

Walker’s name is, I think, without much doubt a synonym
of Klug’s species, which has a wide range in Western Asia.
Walker’s record is from WaAdy Ferran.

y

Stizus koenigt, Mor.
Stizus kénigi, Mor. Hor. soc. ent. Ross. xxii. p. 285 (1888). ¢ Q.
Stizus tages, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) v. p. 1385 (1889). :
Stizus koenigut, Handl. Sitzungsb. Akad, Wiss. Wien, ci. p. 125 (1892),

Kirby’s name applies to this species, not to rufiventris, to
which Handlirsch assigns it with doubt.

Stizus rubellus, sp. n.

9. Ferruginea ; labro, elypeo, fronte, scapo subtus, pronoto postice,
callis humeralibus, mesopleuris macula, tegulis, scutello fascia
apicali, postscutello, segmento mediano fascia areuata, tibiis an-
tice, segmentisque dorsalibus quarto quintoque, interdum etiam
secundo tertioque, fascia late interrupta flavis ; segmentis dor-
salibus 1-3 apice nigricantibus ; alis pallide flavo-hyalinis, cellula
radiali infuscata, venis fusco-ferrugineis.

Long. 19 mm.

¢. Clypeus nearly three times as broad as long, labrum

Sl Maa ag ae i i i

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Tymenoptera. 3:43

rather short ; antennz separated from the base of the clypeus
by a distance nearly as great as the length of the scape,
second joint of the flagellum nearly twice as long as the third,
apical joint a little longer than the penultimate. Eyes nearly
parallel, posterior ocelli more than half as far again from the
eyes as from each other. Very minutely and closely punc-
tured, more finely on the abdomen than on the thorax, the
abdomen shining. Anterior tarsi with long spines, inter-
mediate tibia: and tarsi spinose, posterior tibiae and tarsi more
feebly spinose. Apical dorsal segment with a pygidial area,
very narrowly rounded at the apex. First transverse cubital
nervure curved near the cubitus, second strongly curved out-
wards. ‘Third cubital cell shorter on the radius than on the
cubitus, second abscissa of the radius a little shorter than the
first.

Hab, Nyasaland, Domira Bay ; October. N.E. Rhodesia,
Ft. Jameson and mouth of Lusangazi River (S. A. Neave) ;
September 1910.

This belongs to the fasetatus group, and is without a fovea
on the scutellum.

Stizus neave?, sp. n.

6. Niger; labro, clypeo, mandibulis basi, fronte, scapo subtus,
marginibus oculorum, interiore late, exteriore anguste, pronoto,
tegulis, mesonoto lateribus, scutello dimidio apicali, postscutello
linea transversa, segmento mediano angulis posticis et fascia
arcuata, segmento dorsali primo fascia interrupta, segmentis 2-4
fasciis latis subinterruptis, quinto sextoque fasciis continuis,
segmento ventrali secundo macula magna utrinque, segmentis
3-6 fasciis latis subinterruptis flavis; pedibus flavis ferrugineo
variegatis ; scape supra, flagello, segmento dorsali septimo, seg-

{ mentisque ventralibus ferrugineis ; alis hyalinis, macula radiali
fusca, venis ferrugineis.

©. Mari similis, vertice ferrugineo, segmentis dorsalibus fasciis
angustissime interruptis, pygidio macula obscura flava utrinque. ~

Long., ¢ 16 mm., 9 18 mm.

¢g. Clypeus convex, more than twice as broad as long;
antenne inserted rather nearer to the eyes than to the base of
the clypeus ; second joint of the flagellum scarcely half as
long again as the third; apical joint no longer than the
penultimate, distinctly curved and truncate at the apex.
Eyes distinctly convergent towards the clypeus; the posterior
ocelli twice as far from each other as from theeyes. Median
segment not concave posteriorly, not excised on the sides.
Abdomen not very robust, the ventral segments unarmed.
Second abscissa of the radius shorter than the first; cubitus

23*

344 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial [Tymenoptera.

of the hind wing originating far beyond the transverse
median nervure, submedian cell emitting two veins from the
apex.

@. Eyes less distinctly convergent than in the male ;
apical joint of the flagellum stout “and rounded at the apex ;
scutellum without a fovea ; anterior tarsi with very long
spines; pygidiam rather strongly punctured. Both sexes
are finely and very closely punctured. The fuscous radial
patch on the fore wing occupies the whole of the radial and
the greater part of the second and third cubital cells. The
first transverse cubital nervure is very slightly curved.

Hab. Mid Luangwa Valley, Upper and Lower Luangwa,
N.E. Rhodesia; Valley of N. Rukuru, Karonga District,
Nyasaland: July to September (S. A. Neave).

Some females from Mid Luangwa have the base of the
two basal abdominal segments ferruginous and two short
yellow lines on the dise of the mesonotum.

This belongs to the fasciatus group.

The male is the type.

Stizus marshall, sp. n.

9. Nigra; capite, pronoto, mesothorace lateribus, tegulis, sentello,
postscutello, segmentis dorsalibus primo (apice excepto), quinto
apice, sexto toto, segmentis ventralibus fere totis pedibusque
ferrugineis ; clypeo, labro, scapo subtus, macula parva utrinque
sub ocellis, pronoto margine posteriore anguste, segmento primo
dorsali macula parva utrinque, segmentis 2-5 macula magna
transversa utrinque flavis ; alis flavo-hyalinis, area radiali infus-
eata, venis ferrugineis.

Long. 23 mm.

9. Clypeus widely emarginate at the apex, nearly three
times as broad as long, almost smooth; the labrum short and
strongly punctured. Hyes not convergent towards the
clypeus ; posterior ocelli nearly twice as far from each other
as from the eyes. Antenne gradually thickened towards the
apex, second joint of the flagellum twice as long as the third.
Scutellum without a distinct fovea. Very minutely punc-
tured; median segment finely rugulose ; sixth dorsal segment
more coarsely punctured, especially towards the apex, which
is narrowly rounded. Second abscissa of the radius longer
than the first, but only halt as long as the third; submedian
cell of the hind wing terminating far beyond the. origin of the
cubitus. The fuscous mark on the radial area of the fore
wing spreads over the greater part of the second and third
cubital cells. Pubescence on the thorax short and greyish.

Mr. R. i. ‘Turner on Fossorial LHymenoptera. 345

The black portion of the abdomen shows a faint iridescent
flush.

Hab. Salisbury, Mashonaland, October 1899 (G. A. &.
Marshall) oP .2.

This belougs to the fasciatus group, having the first trans-
verse cubital nervure curved and the fovea on the scutellum
absent... It is very nearly related to the North-African
S. grandis, Lep., but, in addition to colour-distinctions, the
pygidium is much more strongly punctured in the present
species.

Stizus atrox, Sm.

Larra atrox, Sm. Cat. Hym. B.M. iv. p. 339 (1856).

Stizus atrox, Handl. Sitzungsh. Akad. Wiss. Wien, ci. p. 177 (1892).

Hab. Angola (Monteiro); Zongwe River, March 1911
(Oscar Silverlock) ; interior of S. Africa (Smith).

Lhe specimen in the Silverlock collection differs in having
the scutellum and two longitudinal bands on the dise of the
mesonotum fulyous. Specimens from the different localities
differ perceptibly in the length of the second abscissa of the
radius. I have not seen the male.

Stizus flavomaculatus, Sm.
Larra flavomaculata, Sm. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) xii. p. 404 (1875).

fol

Stizus flavomaculatus, Handl. Sitzungsb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, ci. p. 180
(1892).

Stizus pentheres, \Handl. Sitzungsb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, civ. p. 995
(1895). ¢.

The yellow markings on the abdomen vary much, being
sometimes almost obsolete.

Stizus tuberculiventris, sp. u.

g. Niger; clypeo, segmento dorsali primo fascia lata apicali
emarginata, 2-6 fasciis bisinuatis flavis; labro, antennis (articulis
5 apicalibus exceptis), pronoto postice, tegulis, mesonoto anguste
lateribus, pedibus, segmento dorsali primo in medio, czeteris mar-
gine apicali, septimo toto, segmentisque ventralibus plus minusve
ferrugineis; alis sordide hyalinis, margine apicali infuscatis ;
alis posticis area anali multo post originem ven cubitalis termi-
nata ; segmento tertio ventrali dente valido armato.

Long., gd 13 mm., 2? 15 mm.

3. Eyes slightly converging towards the clypeus; labrum

almost as long as the clypeus, rounded at the apex ; clypeus
less than twice as broad as long. Antenne separated trom

9

346 Mr. ht. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

the base of the clypeus by a distance almost equal to the
length of the scape, second joint of the flagellum nearly
twice as long as the third. Posterior ocelli nearly twice as
far from each other as from the eyes. ‘Thorax very closely
punctured rugose ; abdomen more finely punctured; the
convergent sulci on the median segment distinctly marked.
Third ventral segment with a strong slightly curved tuberele
near the middle; sixth ventral segment with a minute tubercle
near the middle, seventh with a low longitudinal carina in
the middle. Second abscissa of the radius a little shorter
than the first, third cubital cell almost as long on the radius
as on the cubitus. Median cell of the hind wing emitting
two nervures from the apex, cubitus originating far before
the termination of the submedian cell. Anterior and inter-
mediate tarsi longer than the tibie.

¢. As in the male, but the ventral surface of the abdomen
is unarmed ; the sixth dorsal segment narrowly truncate at
the apex. The apical joint of the antenne is truncate at the
apex, not curved ; the anterior tarsi with very long spines.
The yellow marks on the abdomen are more extensive than
in the male, and there is no ferruginous colour on the two
basal segments ; the apical segment is yellow in the middle.
There is no fovea on the scutellum.

The general build of both sexes is slender, as in pentheres,
Handl., or even more slender.

Hab. Salisbury, Mashonaland (G@. A. K. Marshall), 3 2,
April 1900; Simba, British East Africa, 3350 ft., April
1911 (8. A. Neave), 1 g; Harar, Abyssinia (G. Kristensen),
Leo

This is a very distinct species, approaching most nearly to
the fasctatus group, but distinguished by the armature of the
ventral segments of the abdomen of the male, also by the
coarse sculpture of the thorax and median segment in both
sexes. The first transverse cubital nervure is almost straight,
only very feebly bent near the cubitus. The antenne are
considerably thickened towards the apex. In the specimen
from Abyssinia the wings are fuscous.

Stizus niger, Rad.
Stizus niger, Rad. Journ. Lisboa, xxxi. p. 208 (1881). Q.

3. Niger; alis fusco-ceruleis, apice angustissime hyalinis; oculis
versus clypeum valide convergentibus.
Long. 22 mm.

3. Mandibles simple, without a tooth on the inner
margin, Eyes convergent towards the clypeus, separated by

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. — 3.47

a distance equal to rather more than twice the length of the
scape on the clypeus and by fully three times the length of
the scape on the vertex. Posterior ocelli distinctly further
from each other than from the eyes. Clypeus sparsely punc-
tured, widely emarginate at the apex, more than half as long
on the median line as the breadth at the base; the exposed
portion of the labrum a little shorter than the clypeus and
broadly rounded at the apex. Antennz separated from the
base of the clypeus by a distance equal to about two-thirds
of the length of the scape; the flagellum gradually thickened
towards the apex, the second joint nearly two and a half
times as long as the third. Thorax and median segment
subopaque, closely punctured; the abdomen shining and more
finely punctured, slightly iridescent. Ventral segments
sparsely punctured, unarmed. Hypopygium with the usual
three apical spines. Second abscissa of the radius very
little shorter than the third ; second cubital cell receiving
the first recurrent nervure slightly beyond the middle and the
second just before the apex. Submedian cell of the hind
wing extending far beyond the origin of the cubital nervure.
Anterior tarsi distinctly ciliated, the basal joint with four
rather short spines, the apical spine with another shorter and
slenderer beneath. Anterior tibize smooth, intermediate and
posterior tibize feebly spinose. The hyaline area on the ante-
rior wings is very small, commencing at the apex of the
radial cell and ending on the outer margin of the wing a
little below the cubitus.

Hab. Entebbe, Uganda (Gowdey), September 1910
(A. E. R.C.),2 3 go; Angola ( Welwitsch).

This belongs to the group tridentatus, abr., and is most
nearly allied to melanopterus, Dahlb., and cyanipennis,
Sauss. It differs from the former in the less coarsely punc-
tured thorax, the much lenger second abscissa of the radius,
the somewhat broader clypeus, and the presence of a hyaline
area at the apex of the wing ; from the latter, which I have
not seen, and which is only known in the female sex, in the
colour of the wings and antenne and the absence of a carina
on the first dorsal segment. HRadoszkowsky’s description is
short, but the points he mentions in comparing his species
with melanopterus leave little doubt in my mind as to the
correctness ot wy identification.

Suzus funebris, Handl.
Stizus funebris, Handl. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1. p. 473 (1900).
_ Hab. Bothaville, Orange Free State (Brauns) ; Pakasa,
Zambesi River (Oscar Silverlock).

348 Mr. O. Thomas on

Stizus conscriptus, Nurse.
Stizus conscriptus, Nurse, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xi. p. 522 (1903).

Hab. Karachi (Comber).

This species belongs to the tridentatus group. It differs
from blandinns, Sm., in the absence of the hyaline area at
the apex of the wings, the smaller size, the colour of the legs
and first abdominal segment, and the somewhat narrower and
longer clypeus.

XXXIV.—Two new Asiatic Voles.
By OLDFIELD ‘THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Microtus ileus, sp. n.

Essentially like JZ. arvalis, but with markedly larger
skull.

Externally very much as in M/. arvalis ; size rather greater ;
hind foot attaining 19 mm. s.u. Fur rather softer and
finer; hairs of back (winter) about 12 mm. in length.
General colour lined greyish brown, not distinguishable from
that of arvalis. Under surface buffy greyish. Tail brown
above, greyish white below. Mamme 2—2=8.

Skull similar in shape to that of arvalis, but larger in all
dimensions ; smoother and more rounded, the ridges and
angles less developed, though the anterior corner angles of
the brain-case are well marked. Interorbital region broad,
smoothly rounded, the oldest specimen with scarcely a trace
of commencing ridges. Brain-case large and vaulted.

Teeth essentially as in arvalis, but larger and heavier.
Jf in one instance out of five with a slight tendency to the
development of an extra postero-internal angle. J/° quite as
in arvalis, the typical 4 spaces and a C well defined. Jd, as
in arvalis, except that in all the specimens the reentrant angles
on each side of the anterior trefoil meet in the centre, so as
quite to shut off the anterior part of the trefoil from its two
united posterior constituents. Numbering the spaces of the
tooth trom behind forwards therefore, it may be said to have
six closed triangles, a seventh and eighth united, and a small
subcircular anterior space.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 115 mm.; tail 43; hind foot 19 ; ear 12.

Skull: condylo-basal length 28:2 ; coudylo-incisive length

new Asiatic Voles. 349

28:4; zygomatic breadth 16:1; nasals 7°8 x 3°2 ; interorbital
breadth 4; length of brain-case from lateral occipital pro-
tuberances 14:1; height of crown from alveolus of m* 8°95;
palatilar length 14°2; diastema 8°3; palatal foramina 6°2 ;
upper molar series (crowns) 6°8, (alveoli) 7-1. 4

Hab. Djarkent, Semiretschensk, E. Russian Turkestan.
* On the banks of the River Ussek.”

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 11.12.14.30. Original
number 17. Collected 11th March, 1911, by W. Riickbeil.
Presented by the Duke of Bedford, K.G,

The skull of this vole is as much larger than that of
Thian-shan.and Altai representatives of Jd. arvalis as it is
as compared with Huropean examples of that wide-ranging
species.

Microtus (Phaiomys) afghanus, sp. 0.

“ Golunda meltada,’ Gray (specimen c), Horsf. Cat. Mamm. Mus.
E. LC. p. 144 (1851).

Arvicola mandarinus ?, Blanf. J. A. S. B. 1. pt. 2, p. 108, pl. ii. fig. C
(teeth) (1881); Thos. Trans, Linn, Soc. (2) Zool. v. p. 59 (1889) :
nec Milne-Edwards.

General characters of Phatomys, but m, more as in Pitymys.
Bulle unusually large. Size rather smaller than in
M. blythii. Fur straight, fairly coarse, not mole-like.
Colour above more or less buffy, but as the original
Griffith’s skin is old and faded, and the more recent speci-
mens are in spirit, an exact description of the colour cannot
be given ; Blanford calls it “ light greyish rufescent brown.”
Under surface broadly washed with buffy whitish. Kars
short, rounded. Claws of fore and hind feet fairly long,
subequal ; sole-pads 6. Mamme 2—2=8.

Skull,as compared with that of MW. blythi, with shorter
nasals, broader, flatter, and less ridged interorbital region,
and very much larger bulle, which project out beyond the
occipital face of the skull about as in Lagurus.

Teeth on the whole much as in JZ. blythit ; m?® similarly
with three triangles and a V instead of the four triangles
and a © characteristic of Pitymys. But m, is more as in
Pitymys, for the combined fitth and sixth space (counting
from behind*, and including the posterior transverse tri-
angle) is nearly or quite shut off from the anterior space, the
latter being, however, intermediate between the well-defined

* T have always thought this the best way to count the spaces on
this tooth, and am pleased to find that Dr. Buchner has done the same
in his work on the Prejevalsky mammals. Mr. Miller omits the pesterior
transverse space, for reasons which do not convince me,

350 Miss B. O. Corfe on Diapheromera femorata.

angular trefoil of Pdtymys and the simple rounded space of
Phaiomys. M? has 3 outer and 3 inner angles, m, 4 outer
and 5 inner, but both above and below there is room for
difference of opinion as to what should be counted and
what not.

Dimensions of the type (measured on the spirit-speci-
men) :—

Head and body 93 mm.; tail 23 ; hind foot 16°5; ear 9.

Skull : condylo-basal length 25°5 ; condylo-incisive length
26°5; nasals 6°6 X2°9 ; interorbital breadth 4:2; palatilar
length 13°6; palatal foramina 4°6; diastema 8°33; upper
molar series (crowns) 6°1.

Hab. Afghanistan. Type from Gulran.

Type. Adult female in alcohol. B.M. ne, 86.10.15. 11.
Collected 1st April, 1885, by Dr. J. E. T. Aitchison ;
presented by the Afghan Boundary Commission. A male
from the same place and askin from ‘‘ Afghanistan” also
examined.

The Afghan vole has been known for a great many years,
owing to the fact that a specimen of it was obtained by
Mr. William Griffith during his Mission to Afghanistan in
1843, and was included in Horsfield’s ‘Catalogue of the
India Museum’ under the name of ‘ Golunda meltada.”
When that specimen came into the British Museum and was
recognized as a vole, it was determined, with some doubt, as
Arvicola mandarinus, Milne-Edwards, by Dr. Blanford,
whose determination I followed in my list of the Afghan
Boundary Mammals’ (1889). Renewed examination of the
specimens with modern knowledge and materials shows
that the species belongs to quite a different group from
M. mandarinus and clearly needs description as new.

Its nearest geographical neighbour, J/. transcaspicus,
Satunin, is a true M€/rerotus, with the fifth and sixth spaces
of m, separated, and a wholly different number of angles
on m'.

XXXV.—On Diapheromera femorata ( Walking-stick Insect).
By Beatrice O. CorFE.

THE following is a short account of the life and development
of the Diapheromera femorata, or walking-stick insect,
which I watched with great interest during the summer of
1911, keeping them in an insect-cage in a warm room near the
window.

Four eggs, together with the dried female insect which laid
them, were sent me from Toronto, Canada, in March 1911.

Miss B. O. Corfe on Diapheromera femorata. 351

The eggs, measuring one-eighth of an inch long, are white
with a dark splash of colour on one side, hard, shiny, quite
opaque, and laid singly ; they might easily be mistaken for
seeds. At the larger end is a cap, which splits off to allow
the insect to creep out.

June Sth, three hatched. ‘The insects were half an inch
long and bright green, very similar in form to the mature
ones, but the bodies somewhat bent, as if they had been
folded backwards and forwards in the egg. They feed on
hazel-leaves, eating the edge like caterpillars, but far more
moderately, being content to rest for several hours at a time
without food.

The fourth egg did not hatch till July 3rd, exactly four
weeks later. ‘l'his was curious, as the eggs were all laid by
the same insect at the same time, and were kept under
exactly the same conditions. It only lived three days.

June 19th, I found a cast skin, and after that they moulted
every ninth or tenth day. ‘Three times I watched this very
uncomfortable metamorphosis. Fastening its claws securely
to a leaf or some projection, with its head hanging down-
wards, the insect proceeds to draw itself through a small
aperture made by the skin opening at the back of the head,
which is bent forward, the antenne and legs all in front of
the body. One after the other, legs and antenne free them-
selves till it hangs only by the extremity of the abdomen.
A quick bend upwards frees this and at the same time allows
the insect to obtain foothold on anything near, and so prevents
it falling to the ground. The old skin is left entire, a colour-
Jess tissue, In which can be traced every joint and mark.
The first metamorphosis I witnessed, July 11th, lasted
fifteen minutes ; the third, July 30th, forty minutes.

Should it, as is often the case, become entangled in the
old skin, it can, by means of a weak point between the femur
and trochanter, throw off a leg and so complete its moult.
The leg will grow again, but not usually to its full length.
One of my insects cast a leg in this way, but it was caught
also by its antenne, and being unable to free itself died.

Each moult made a considerable difference in size and
colour, and the three developed very unequally. July 13th,
after a moult, the largest measured two inches long, was a
dull brown marked with spots of dark brown and green; the
others were still green, the smallest only one and a quarter
inches long.

The next moult, July 21, 22, and 23 respectively, the
brown one attained almost mature colour and was two inches
long; the second becoming equal in size but of a pale
greenish yellow with a few small dark spots; the third
remaining quite green and much smaller.

352 Miss B. O. Corfe on Diapheromera femorata.

The last moults occurred July 30th, August Ist and 2nd,
and it was at this stage I lost the smaller green one, througi
its getting entangled.

‘The two left were now mature and both males. ‘The soft
skin was replaced by a hard horny one of a light brown
colour, the joints darker brown, the legs green with reddish
joints and feet, the thick upper part of the middle pair being
ringed with brown and green, The antenne were red
and equalled the body in length, one insect measuring
fully three inches, the other just over two and a half inches.
The ‘middle and shortest legs in the males have the portion
between the body and the first joint thicker than the rest.
The front pair, which equal the antenne in length, are so
formed as to allow them to press closely round the head and
extend in front of the body with the antennz when the insect
is at rest. Itis then singularly like a piece of stick, even
the joints having a strong resemblance to the growth of a
woody plant; but I seldom saw them in this position after
they became mature. ‘They moved about more, and when
at rest were almost always close together, often resting their
claws on each other, though they would move Jirritably if
touched by any other insect. I never heard them make the
slightest sound, either by day or after dark, but they hada
curious caressing way of touching each other with their long
fore-legs and antennee. When one lay dying on the ground,
the other stood over it for ten minutes, touching it gently in
tllis way ; but getting no response it retired to another part
of the cage, returning to its dying friend, again and again,
till I removed it.

They died September 16th and October 21st.

The principal difference between males and females :—

Males. Females.

General form thinner, with ab- | General form thicker, abdomen
dominal portion slightly shorter in | and thorax equalinlength. Abdo-
proportion to the thorax. Abdo- | men ending in ventral process; no
men ending in claspers. Legs very | claspers. Legs much shorter, all
long. Femur of middle pair much | simple with no spines, Antenna
thickened, spines at the first joint | also shorter. Colour dull and
of middle and back pair. Antennz | brown.

very long. Colour light varied

with green and red.

The following measurements are taken from a male and
female insect, each three inches long :—

Male.

Liege c.tn 23; 13, 23 inches. | TepS s site Soles 1}, 1}, 13 inches,
Antenne .... 23 Y inches. Antenne ,.., 1? aie

Female.

On new African Phlebotomic Diptera. 353

XXXVI.—New African Phlebotomic Diptera in the British
Museum (Natural History).— Part VIII. Tabanidie
(continued). By Ernest E. Austen *.,

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

PANGONIINE.
Genus Dorcatamus, Austen.

Dorcalwmus woosnami, sp. n.

? .—Length (6 specimens) 12°6 to 13°75 mm.; width of
head 4°25 to 4°75 mm.; width of front at vertex 0°75 mm.
to just under 1 mm.; distance from anterior margin of
epistoma to anterior margin of eye (measured in a direction
parallel to dorsal surface of base of labrum) 1:2 to 1:25 mm.;
length of proboscis (beyond anterior margin of epistoma)
3°55 to 4°8 mm.; length of wing 11 to 12 mm. ; greatest
width of wing 4 to 4°6 mm.

Closely allied to D. fodiens, Austen, but distinguishable from
this species, as also from D. compactus, Austen, by the ochra-
ceous | (tawny-ochraceous or tawny) area on the dorsum of the
abdomen, beyond the first segment, being confined to the second
segment instead of also including the third, and by the ventral
surface of the third segment having a dark transverse band
(usually more or less interrupted in the middle) ; agreeing with
D. compactus and differing from D. fodieus in the absence of
a tuft of black hair on the mesopleure.—Face short ; dorsum
of thorax dull olive (yellowish-olive or greyish-olive) pollinose
(ground-colour black), clothed with fine, erect, silky, Naples-
yellow or pale straw-yellow hair, mixed with fine black hairs ;
jirst abdominal segment orange-buff, dorsum of second segment
with a median black spot, dorsum of third to sixth segments
inclusive shining black except their hind borders, which are
greyish pollinose and clothed with silvery-white, ochre-yellow,
or orange-ochraceous hair ; wings with a distinct luteous tinge,
though more hyaline than in D. compactus or D. fodiens ;
leys as in former species, though tips of tarsi usually brown or
brownish. |

Head light grey pollinose ; upper half of front, except very
narrow margin on each side, blackish, surrounding in median

* See Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. vi. p. 337 (1910).

+ For names and illustrations of colours, see Ridgway, ‘A Nomen-
elature of Colors for Naturalists’ (Boston: Little, Brown, and Company,
1886).

354 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

line a shining black more or less triangular callus, apex of
which is directed upwards, while its base rests on anterior
boundary of infuscated area; lower part of sides of face
clove-brown, clothed, at least in part, with black hair, central
portion of face thinly clothed on each side with whitish
hair; jowls and basioccipital region densely clothed with
shining white hair; palpi greyish clove-brown, proximal
joint clothed below with yellowish-white hairs, and on the
outer side with blackish hairs ; prodoscis relatively short—
as compared with that of D. compactus, Austen, shorter and
stouter, the labella being also shorter and more curved
downwards at the tips, while the part of the labium imme-
diately preceding them is more distinctly swollen below ;
first joint of antenne clove-brown, greyish pollinose, the
sparse hairs on it black, second joint either agreeing with
first in coloration or more or less greyish ochraceous-buff or
greyish fawn-coloured, third joint dusky brownish chestnut.
Thorax: pleure and pectus agreeing with dorsum in colora-
tion, and clothed with yellowish hair. Abdomen: dorsum of
first segment greyish pollinose on an orange-buff ground,
with in centre a slate-grey blotch, which, however, does not
project much beyond hind margin of scutellum; hairy
covering of dorsum of first segment bright orange-buff, in
some specimens paler (yellowish or yellowish white) in
centre and immediately on each side of middle line; dorsum
of second segment ochraceous, tawny-ochraceous, or tawny,
with, in middle line, a larger or smaller greyish-black spot,
usually more or less triangular in shape, with its base
resting on front margin and its blunt apex extending scarcely
if at all beyond middle of segment; on each side of dorsum
of second segment is a larger or smaller blackish blotch, of
irregular shape and scarcely if at all visible from above ;
dorsum of second segment clothed in front with minute,
appressed, black hairs, and on hind margin, on posterior
angles, and on more than posterior half of each lateral third
with glistening, appressed, silvery-white hair, which in centre

of hind border and anteriorly is interspersed with ochreous
hairs ; dorsum of third segment, though normally as described
in diagnosis above, sometimes showing an irregular paler
(chestnut) area on each admedian fifth; hind border of
dorsum of third segment clothed with appressed silvery-white
(in middle line sometimes pale ochre-yellow) hairs, forming
a conspicuous band across posicnor third of segment, or even
in some instances rather more; hind border of dorsum of
fourth segment clothed partly with ochre- yellow, partly with
silvery- -white hairs; hind margins of dorsum ‘of fifth and

African Phlebotomic Diptera. 355

sixth segments clothed with bright orange-ochraceous or
ochre-yellow hairs, which on fifth segment, on and towards
posterior angles, are sometimes mixed with or replaced by
white hairs; black area of dorsum of third and three
following segments clothed with minute, appressed, black
hairs ; dorsum of seventh segment greyish black and clothed
for most part with black hairs, sometimes mixed with
yellowish hairs on hind margin and replaced by ochre-yellow
hairs on each side; ground-colour of ventral surface of abdo-
men corresponding to that of dorsum, except in case of third
segment, which is as described in diagnosis ; ventral scutes of
second and two following segments each with a transverse
band of appressed silvery-white hairs*, which may be re-
placed by ochreous hairs in and adjacent to centre line; on
ventral scute of second segment this band of pale hairs
occupies distal two-thirds of segment, but on ventral scutes
of third and fourth segments the band of pale hairs is far less
deep, occupying less than, or at any rate not more than,
distal half of scute in each case; ventral scutes of fifth and
following segments clothed with black hair, which, however,
on the hind borders is usually replaced, entirely or in part,
by ochreous or whitish hair. Wings: veins for most part
ochraceous or tawny ochraceous, appendix to base of anterior
branch of third longitudinal vein showing considerable indi-
vidual variation in length, even frequently varying in this
respect in the two wings of the same specimen; stigma,
when developed, ochre-yellow, narrow, and elongate. Sguame
cream-buff, porcelain-like. Halteres: stalks buff, brown at
distal extremity on upper side; knobs yellowish cream-
coloured, brownish at base. Legs: coxe grey, clothed with
yellowish or greyish hair; femora black and clothed with
hair of same colour ; tibize, tarsi, and extreme tips of femora
cream-buff or buff, tibie dark brown or brownish at or close
to distal extremities, last joint of all tarsi usually dark
brown, at least with exception of extreme base, tips of other
tarsal joints for most part brown or brownish; front and
middle tibize clothed with short, appressed, and glistening,
cream-coloured hair, hind tibiz clothed with more out-
standing and somewhat longer hair of the same colour.

* In the case of one of the para-types of this species, the ventral scute
of the third abdominal segment is entirely clothed with appressed ochre-
yellow or pale yellow hair, while the ventral scutes of the second and
fourth segments, with the exception of their fore borders, are similarly
clothed ; in this specimen, too, the hind margins of the ventral scutes of
the fifth and sixth abdominal segments are clothed with orange-ochra-
ceous hair at and near each extremity.

356 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

East Africa Protectorate: Athi Plains, alt. 5,000 ft.,
May, 1911 (R. B. Woosnam).

According to a note by the collector and donor, in whose
honour the species is named, the type and para-types were
“taken during the rainy season, in the Southern Game
Reserve, near water and trees.” One specimen was caught
in the act of biting its captor.

In addition to the specimens here regarded as belonging
to the typical form of this species, as described above, the
National Collection possesses a @ fron Makindu, East
Africa Protectorate, 17.1. 1910 (Dr. W. M. Aders), which
would appear to represent a variety of D. woosnami. In this
example, which was caught on a zebra just after it had been
shot, the third joint of the antenne is much brighter in
colour than in the typical form,—in fact it is orange-rufons,
and therefore much as in D. compactus, Austen, while the
dorsim of the third abdominal segment is partly tawny
ochraceous instead of entirely black. On this segment the
black area, indeed, consists of a median rhomboid spot, and
on each side a transverse band, which is in contact with the
anterior margin of the segment only at its lateral edge.
The other characters, however, such as the short face and
proboscis, white instead of yellowish-white hair on the jowls
and basioccipital region, and the presence of a clove-brown
transverse band on the ventral scute of the third abdominal
segment, show that this specimen really belongs to D. woos-
nami, and prevent it from being regarded as an aberrant
example of D. compactus. The markings on the third abdo-
minal segment, the coloration of the hair on the jowls and
basioccipital region, and the absence of a tuft of black hair
on the mesopleuree similarly distinguish the specimen from
D. fodiens, Austen.

TABANINE.
Genus TaBanus, Linn.

Tabanus sandersoni, sp. 0.

go ?.—Length, ¢ (5 specimens) 13°4 to 145 mm., ? (4
specimens) 13:2 to 16 mm.; width of head, ¢ 4°8 to5°5 mm.,
9 4°75 to 5-4 mm. ; width of front of 9 at vertex 0°6 mm. ;
length of wing, ¢ 10°75 to 12-4 mm., 2? 12°2 to 13°75 mm.

Medium-sized or smallish, dark brown or dark reddish-brown
species, with dorsum of abdomen marked with a median series
of pale triangles clothed with short white (yellowish-white or
greyish-white) hair, resting on similar hind borders to segments.

African Phlebotomie Diptera, 357

—Dorsum of thorav dark brown in 8, dark sepia-coloured or
slate-brown in 3, in both sexes greyish in front, where rudi-
ments of three grey stripes are usually visible when viewed at
a certain angle, elsewhere enlirely unstriped; wings slightly
tinged with sepia, anterior branch of third longitudinal vein
angulate, and provided with a conspicuous backwardly directed
appendix of varying length.

6 .—Head: frontal triangle dull olive brown or sepia-
coloured, near its apex showing more or less distinctly a
darker transverse band (part of the—in dried specimens—
dark brown band crossing the eyes immediately below the
large facets), face and occiput grey (former brownish grey
next eyes and on greater part of median depressed area),
basioccipital region, jowls, and sides of face clothed with
blackish or dark brown hair; eyes with an area of large
facets paler than and sharply contrasting with remainder, as
usual not extending to hind border, but otherwise occupying
more than upper half; palpi greyish cinnamon-coloured,
clothed with black hair, shape of terminal joint roughly
cylindrical-ovate or elongate-ovate, distal extremity usually
pointed ; first and second joints of axtenne greyish cinnamon-
coloured, clothed with short black hair, third joint narrow
and elongate, cinnamon-coloured or brownish cinnamon-
coloured, terminal annuli sometimes darker. Thorax:
dorsum viewed at a low angle from behind thinly greyish
pollinose, clothed on greyish area in front with whitish hair,
elsewhere clothed with fine, erect, clove-brown or black hair,
mixed on scutellum with whitish hair; pleurze and pectus
grey, clothed partly with clove-brown or dark brown, partly
with greyish hair. Abdomen: dorsum of first segment
greyish brown, that of next three segments chestnut-brown,
that of last three segments clovesbrown; a median pale
triangle (difficult to distinguish in rubbed specimens) on each
segment from second to fifth inclusive; when abdomen is
viewed from behind at a low angle, ground colour of triangles,
as also that of pale hind borders to segments, appears greyish
pollinose; on second and third segments triangles actually
clothed with white hair, as described in diagnosis above, are
often quite small, and usually do not extend forwards
beyond middle of segments, if so far; on fourth and fifth
segments the white-haired triangles are apparently larger,
and apex of each triangle may reach hind margin of pre-
ceding segment; hind borders of fourth to sixth segments
inclusive, viewed from above, dull isabella-coloured, those of
second to fifth segments inclusive clothed lke median
triangles with short, white, yellowish-white, or greyish-

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. ix. 24

y

358 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

white appressed hairs ; hind margin of first segment fringed
in centre and at each end with a row of yellowish-white
hairs, elsewhere dorsum of abdomen, except as already
stated, clothed with black hair; ventral surface of first four
segments cinnamon, that of last three segments clove-brown,
hind borders of ventral scutes of second to sixth segments
inclusive cream-buff or isabella-coloured, clothed, except in
case of sixth segment, with short, whitish (silvery-white or
yellowish-white) hair; ventral surface of second segment
clothed partly with short, appressed, whitish, partly with
longer dark brown hairs ; ventral surface of following three
segments often clothed either entirely or for most part with
short, appressed, whitish hairs. Wings: a faint sepiaceous
tinge sometimes slightly more distinct than elsewhere on
costal border, beyond end of first longitudinal vein ; stigma
raw-umber-coloured, narrow and inconspicuous; veins dark
brown, appendix to anterior branch of third longitudinal
vein usually long and curved, occasionally differing in length
in the two wings of the same specimen. Squame drab or
isabella-coloured, borders sepia-coloured. Halteres_seal-
brown, bases of stalks paler (isabella-coloured). Legs:
coxe grey, clothed with blackish-brown or brownish hair,
sometimes mixed with whitish hair, hind coxze sometimes en-
tirely clothed with whitish hair ; femora clove-brown, greyish
at base posteriorly, clothed with black hair (middle and hind
pair towards base with whitish hair) ; front tibie burnt-
umber-coloured, dark brown towards tips; middle and hind
tibiee burnt- umber- coloured, hind tibiz shortly fringed on
inner and outer sides wigh fine blackish hair ; See tarsi
clove-brown, second and two following joints somewhat
expanded; middle and hind tarsi dark mummy-brown, first
joint burnt-umber-coloured towards base.

9 ..—Head brownish grey (occiput light grey), face
clothed mainly with brownish or blackish hair, jowls and
basioccipital region with greyish hair; front rather narrow
(its length, as estimated by eye, more than eight times
greater than its breadth at the lower extremity), inner
margins of eyes bordering it converging slightly below,
region adjacent to vertex clothed with short black hair and
usually darker than elsewhere ; frontal callus dark brown or
dark mummy-brown, elongate, elliptical in outline, its upper
extremity produced into a similarly coloured, lanceolate or
acicular, median ridge ; proximal joint and base and inner
surface of terminal joint of pa/pi greyish fawn-coloured,
outer surface of distal three-fourths of terminal joint slate-
grey and clothed mainly with short black hairs, proximal

African Phlebotomic Diptera. 359

joint and under surface of base of terminal joint clothed with
longer yellowish hairs, outer surface of base of terminal
joint clothed with shorter glistening yellowish or whitish
hairs mixed with some black hairs, distal extremity of
terminal joint bluntly pointed; antenne, except for their
larger size and the greater breadth of the expanded portion
of the third joint, resembling those of ¢. Thorax: dorsum
clothed with short, erect, black hairs, which on scutellum
and on greyish area in front are replaced by glistening
greyish-white hairs; hairs of latter kind are also largely
present on postalar calli and on region immediately in
front of these, and are interspersed with the black hairs
on the sides and anterior portion of the dorsum, and also
immediately in front of scutellum ; pleure and pectus grey,
and clothed partly with grey, partly with dark brown or
brownish hair. Abdomen: dorsum agrecing with that of 3,
as described above, except that the triangles on third, fourth,
and fifth segments are larger and broader and the hind
borders of those segments deeper, especially at each lateral
extremity, where they are expanded and curve forward so
much as almost to reach posterior angles of preceding seg-
ment ; the pale hairs on the dorsum are also shorter and
somewhat less fine than in ¢, and are set more closely
together; ventral surface of first four segments greyish
cinnamon-rufous, that of fifth segment (except hind margin)
more or less dark brown or brownish, ventral surface of
first five segments clothed with short, appressed, glistening
whitish hairs, hind margins of ventral scutes of second to
fifth segments inclusive cream-buff; ventral scutes of last
two segments clove-brown, clothed with similarly coloured
or blackish hair, hind border of penultimate segment
isabella-coloured. Wings as in g; sepiaceous tinge next
distal extremity of costa, about tips of second longitudinal
and anterior branch of third longitudinal veins, usually
distinct. Sguame and halteres as in g. Legs asin o,
except that tibize are clothed with short, appressed, whitish
hairs; hind tibiz, especially on outer side, with a short
fringe of somewhat longer whitish hairs; second, third, and
fourth joints of front tarsi expanded.

Nyasaland Protectorate and North-Western Rhodesia:
type of male, three other males, and one female (para-types)
from the Kaninga Stream, Central Angoniland, Nyasaland
Protectorate, alt. 1,760 to 2,500 ft., 21, 25.1. 1911 (Dr. Mere-
dith Sanderson: presented by the Entomological Research
Committee) ; type of female from Kasempa District, N.-W,

Rhodesia, between 3,500 and 4,500 ft., 1908 or 1909 (Z. A,
24*

360 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

Yopeman) ; additional specimens (para-types—presented by
the Entomological Research Committee) as follows :—one
male from the Chitala Stream, Central Angoniland, Nyasa-
land Protectorate, alt. 1,760 ft., 18. i. 1911 (Dr. M. Sander-
son); two females from the Ruo Valley, near Chiromo,
Nyasaland Protectorate, April, 1910 (S. A. Neave).

Writing from the Dowa District, Nyasaland Protectorate,
in February, 1911, Dr. Meredith Sanderson, in whose honour
the species has been named, kindly supplied the followmg
field-note with reference to Tabanus sandersoni :— Found
in marshy ground, sandy plains, and hills, but always where
there are trees or bush. Enters villages and houses; does
not bite immediately on settling, and may move about
before biting. In the act of sucking blood the abdomen is
elevated and the head lowered. Difficult to catch with the
hand.”

So far as it is possible to judge from the material available
for comparison, Tabanus sandersoni is perhaps allied to
T. quadriguttatus, Ricardo, more nearly than to any other
species of Tabanus yet described. Tabanus quadriguttatus,
which is at present known only from German East Africa,
exhibits, in the female sex at any rate, a decided resemblance
to T. sandersoni in the coloration and markings of the dorsum
of the abdomen, as also in the width of the front, and in the
shape &c. of the frontal callus and its upward extension.
Apart from other characters, however, the female of 7. quadri-
guttatus differs from that of the new species in its much
larger size, in the more slender shape and different coloration
of the terminal joint of the palpi (the outer surface of which
is uniformly dark slate-coloured, and apparently clothed
exclusively with minute black hairs), in the presence of a
border of ochre-yellow hair on each side of the dorsum of
the thorax, in the ground-colour of the ventral surface of the
abdomen (except the hind margins of certain segments)
being entirely black, in the veins in the distal half of the
wings being strongly suffused with mummy-brown, in the
stigma being large, burnt-umber-coloured, and very con-
spicuous, and in the anterior branch of the third longitudinal

vein not being angulate at the base nor provided with an
appendix.

Tabanus simpsoni, sp. 0.

¢ .—Length (1 specimen) 15°6 mm. ; width of head 5:6
mm.; width of front at vertex 0°75 mm.; length of wing
14°4 mm.

African Phlebotomic Diptera. 361

In general appearance resembling 'T. kingsleyi, Ricardo.—
Front moderately broad, scarcely (if at all) narrower below ;
expanded portion of third joint of antenne orange-rufous,
terminal annuli clove-brown or dark brown ; dorsum of thorax
(except scutellum) cream-buff, marked with three sharply de-
fined clove-brown long gitudinal stripes; dorsum of abdomen
ochraceous-buff, with a conspicuous and shurply defined cream-
buff median longitudinal stripe of nearly uniform width, and
distal extremity and a pair of admedian stripes clove-brown ;
wings (except costal cells and stigma) nearly hyaline, though
faintly tinged with drab ; legs (except coxe, tarsi, and tips of
front tibie) cinnamon-coloured.

Head: front cream-buff, slightly darker on vertex, clothed
with short ochreous hairs and about four and a half times
as long as its width at the lower extremity ; subcallus
greyish cream-coloured ; face, jowls, and basioccipital region
light grey, clothed with white hair ; occiput smoke-grey,
posterior orbits light grey; frontal callus dark brown,
shining, not in contact with eyes, roughly oblong in shape
(nearly twice as long as broad and rather narrower at its-
upper extremity) and with its upper margin somewhat
irregular and indistinctly connected with a short, median,
clove-brown, linear or lanceolate extension, which occupies
centre of front; proximal joint of palpi cream-buff and
clothed with white hair, terminal joint cream-coloured, long
and narrow (moderately swollen a little beyond base), clothed
on outer side with minute, appressed, whitish or yellowish-
white hairs: antenne (at least third joint) relatively rather
large, first and second joints greyish ochraceous-buff, upper
distal angle of second joint not noticeably produced, third
joint long, its expanded portion moderately broad and with a.
fairly prominent angle on its upper margin at end of
proximal third, terminal annuli (at least the three proximal
ones) large. Thorax: anterior extremity of dorsum olive-
grey, cream-buff longitudinal dorsal stripe on each side of
clove-brown median stripe rather broad, extending from
olive-grey anterior border to hind margin, of absolutely
uniform width throughout, and clothed with short Naples-
yellow hair; clove-brown dorsal stripes clothed with black
hair and about half as broad again as admedian cream-buff
stripes, each outer clove-brown stripe diminishing in width
in front of transverse suture; sides of dorsum clothed with
yellowish hair, a fringe of black hair extending from base of
each wing to front margin; pleure and pectus light grey,
clothed with greyish-white hair; dorsum of scutellum grey
and clothed with short, appressed, Naples-yeilow hairs,

362 Mr. E. E. Austen on new

except a dark median stripe (a prolongation of the clove-
brown median stripe on the main portion of the thorax)
which is clothed with black hairs. Abdomen: cream-butf
median dorsal stripe of about same width as admedian
cream-buff stripes on dorsum of thorax and therefore rela-
tively rather broad (slightly narrower than elsewhere on
sixth segment and towards hind margin of fifth), clothed
with short, appressed, Naples-yellow hair, and terminating
abruptly on hind margin of sixth segment ; clove- brown,
admedian, dorsal stripes of nearly same width as median
stripe, pale on first segment and interrupted on base of
second, then becoming darker; dorsum of sixth and seventh
segments, except lateral margins (and also median stripe in
case of former segment), clove- brown, dorsum of fifth seg-
ment also with an ill-defined clove-brown longitudinal mark
next lateral border, connected along hind margin with ad-
median stripe and anteriorly extending on to hind border of
fourth segment; proximal dorsal angles of first segment
grevish polliuose ; ochraceous-buff area of dorsum of abdo-
men clothed with short, appressed, ochre-yellow hairs, poste-
rior angles and extreme lateral margins of segments clothed
with paler hairs; on first four segments, between admedian
stripe and lateral border on each side, are traces of a faint
and ill-defined dusky longitudinal stripe, connected with
corresponding mark on fifth segment already described, and
clothed, at least in part, with minute black hairs ; the ochra-
ceous-buff area between the admedian stripes and the ill-
defined dusky longitudinal stripes just mentioned is light
greyish pollinose (most noticeable when abdomen is viewed
at a low angle from behind); venter ochraceous-bufi and
clothed with ‘short, appressed, pale yellowish hairs, terminal
segment slate- ealeaaed and clothed, as usual, fey. coarse,
erect, black hairs, penultimate segment slate-grey and
clothed partly with black hairs, antepenultimate segment
greyish. WVings: costal cells raw-umber-coloured ; stigma
mummy-brown, elongate and conspicuous; costa dark
brown, other veins lighter or darker mummy-brown,
Squame isabella-coloured, borders cream-buff. Halteres:
stalks ochraceous-buff, knobs cream-coloured, buff at base.
Legs: coxe light dr ab- grey or smoke-grey, clothed with
greyish-white hair ; femora and tibie clothed for most part
with short, appressed, glistening, ochreous or pale yellowish
hair, posterior surface of middle femora clothed except at
base with longer yellowish-white hair ; inner surface of front
femora cinnamon-rufous, except at base, where it is dark
brown; base of middle and hind femora and of outer surface

African Phlebotomic Diptera. 363

of front femora more or less grey ; tips of front tibia, espe-
cially on inside, where they are clothed with short, appressed,
black hair, dark brown ; front tarsi clove-brown, not con-
spicuously expanded, middle and hind tarsi dark brown, first
joints except distal extremities brownish cinnamon-rufous.

Northern Nigeria: Offa, 27. ix. 1910 (J. J. Simpson : pre-
sented by the Entomological Research Committee).

Although in general appearance Tabanus simpsoni presents
a closer resemblance to T. kingsleyi, Ricardo (which belongs
to Sureouf’s “ Ninth Group” of the genus Tadanus *), than
to any other of its congeners.at present known, the affinities
of this handsome new species, with which the author has
much pleasure in connecting the name of its discoverer, are
in reality with Surcouf’s “ Eighth Group,’ which includes
Tabanus teniola, Pal. de Beauv , T. distinctus, Ricardo, and
ailied species. From all of these, however, the new species
is distinguishable at once by its very conspicuous aud
sharply defined body-markings, as described above. Trom
T. kingsleyi, Ricardo, T. stmpsoni. can be distinguished by,
inter alia, the greater breadth of the front and of the median
stripe on the abdomen, by the inner margins of the eyes
bordering the front being parallel or practically so, instead
of converging below, by the sharper definition of the cream-
buff, admedian, thoracic stripes, by the terminal joint of the
palpi being eream-coloured and clothed with whitish or
yellowish-whitish hairs, instead of isabella-coloured and
clothed mainly with black hairs, and by the pale legs and
more hyaline wings.

Besides occurring in Northern Nigeria, Tabanus simpsoni
is also found in the Gold Coast Colony: since the above
description was drawn up, the National Collection has
received a second female of this species, caught in the
Hospital at Salaga, Northern Territories, Gold Coast, on
July 5, 1910 (taken and presented by Dr. F. J. A. Beringer,
W.A.M.S.).

Tabanus besti, Surcouf, var. arbucklei, var. n.

? .—Length (7 specimens) 14 to 18°2 mm.; width of
head 4°5 to 5°6 mm.; width of front at vertex rather less.
than 0°5 to 0°5 mm.; length of wing 11 to 13:2 mm.

Differing from the typical form of the species in the third
joint of the antenne being narrower, and in the paler portion
(rather more than the proximal half) of the front tibie being

* Cf. J. M. R. Sureouf, ‘Etude Monographique des Tabanides
d'Afrique,’ p. 16 (1909)..

364 Mr. E. FE, Austen on new

cinnamon-rufous and clothed with similarly coloured hair,
instead of cream-coloured and clothed with yellowish-white
hair.—Clove-broiwn, entirely devoid of markings ; wings dark
sepia (second basal, anal, and axillary cells, alla, and greater
part of second submarginal cell paler) ; middle and hind tibie
entirely cinnamon-rufous.

Head greyish clove-brown, face, jowJs, and basioccipital
region clothed with clove- brown hair ; Jront long and very
narrow, diminishing slightly in width towards the lower
extremity, and clothed above callus with short blackish
hairs; frontal callus dark mttmmy-brown or dark sepia,
narrow and elongate, its upper extremity produced into a
clove-brown median ridge, which gradually tapers away, and
eventually disappears at a distance from the posterior margin
of the vertex equal to about one-fourth of the total length
of the front; swbcallus protuberant, denuded and shining,
agreeing with callus in colour; palpi clove-brown, proximal
joint clothed with clove-brown hair, terminal jomt long, of
moderate width at base, bent aud tapering gradually to a
point, clothed on outer ‘side with minute black hairs ; first
joint of antenne greyish burnt-sienna-coloured, clothed above
with minute black hairs, second joint cinnamon-rufous,
clothed with minute black hairs and with its upper distal
angle much produced, expanded portion of third joint
cinnamon-rufous, brown or brownish towards distal extre-
mity, narrow and elongate, its upper margin at a pomt from
one-fourth to one-third of its length from base excavated so
as to form a hook-like, forwardly-directed angle, lower
margin bluntly angulate shortly before middle, terminal
annul clove- aoa short. Thorax: dorsum somewhat
greyish, clothed with minute dusky ochreous hairs, mixed
with short black hair, pleurze and pectus slate-grey, clothed
with black hair. Abdomen clothed above and below with
minute black hairs, hind margins of ventral scutes of
second, third, and fourth segments, and frequently also
posterior angles of dorsal seutes of first and second segments,
elothed with bright ochre-yellow hairs ; dorsum of first
segment, when abdomen is viewed from behind; appearing
greyish on each side. Wings: veins dark brown (costa and
first longitudinal vein clove-brown); sigma elongate, dark
mummy-brown. Sguame clove-brown. Halleres dark sepia,
distal halves of knobs cream-buff. Legs: cox slate-grey,
clothed with clove-brown or blackish hair; femora black or
clove-brown, clothed with black hair, tips of middle and
hind pairs. cinnamon-rufous ; distal extremities of front
tibie clove-brown or dark brown; front tarsi black, not

African Phlebotomic Diptera. 365

conspicuously expanded, middle and hind tarsi dark brown,
first joints more or less cinnamon-rufous, at least at base,
hind tarsi occasionally eutirely cinnamon-rufous, or at least
tips of joints alone dark brown or brownish.

Sierra Leone; Sierra Leone Protectorate ; Liberia; Gold
Coast.

‘Type and twelve other specimens of the variety from Bo,
Serra Leone Protectorate, 1, 8,9, 19. x. 1909 (Dr. H. E.
Arhuckle, W.A.M.S.). The following are the data with
reference to the other examples of this variety at present
coutained in the National Collection :—Srierra LeEone:
2 specimens, Sherbro 1., January 1909 (Dr. C. B. Hunter,
W.A.M.S.); 1 specimen, Hill Station, Freetown, November
1909 (Major A. Pearse, R.A.M.C.). Sterra Leone Prorec-
TORATE: |] specimen, Port Lokkoh Creek, April 1904 (Major
F. Smith, D.S.O., R.A.M.C.) ; 8 specimens, Karina District,
October-November 1906 (Dr. H. E. Arbuckle); 17 speci-
mens, Tiama, 9. ix., Younibanna, 30. x., Makobo, 11. xi.,
Kogbutoma, 18. xi., Tembihun, 19. xi., Ebambatuck, 20. xi.,
Matassu, 22. x1., Benduma, 23. xi., Mossellulu, 30. xi. 1909,
Matotoka, 26. 1., Makonou, 27. 1., and Maboon, 28. i. 1910
—all localities in Ronietta District (Dr. J. J. Moore,
W.A.M.S.) ; 2 specimens, Batkanu, Karina District, De-
cember 1909 (Dr. J. C. Murphy, W_A.M.S.); 1 specimen,
Kennema, March 1910 (Dr. H. E. Arbuckle, W.A.M.S.).
Lisgria: 1 specimen, Gis-i, 27. iv. 1909 (Major A. Pearse,
R.A.M.C.). Goup Coast: 1 specimen, Wassau Territory,
1901 (Dr. S. H. Jones).

Intermediate form between Tabanus besti, var arbucklei,
Austen, and 7. desti, Surcout (syn. 7. obscurissimus, Ricardo).
—In addition to the foregoing specimens, which clearly
belong to the var. arbucklez, as described above, the British
Museum (Natural History) also possesses eight ? 9 of
T. besti, which may be regarded as representing a form
intermediate between the var. arbucklei and normal T. besti.
As compared with the var. arbuck/ei, this form is distinguished
by the subcallus being if anything less prominent and
always dull (clothed with brownish pollen, as in the typical
race of the species), by the expanded region of the third
joint of the antenne being usually broader, and by the
proximal portion of the front tibiz, although cinnamon-
rufous, being clothed with hair which is whitish or yellowish
instead of the same hue as the ground-colour. ‘lhe details
as to localities, dates of capture, &c., of these eight specimens
are as follows :—Sierra Leone Prorecrorate: 3 specimens,
Kennema, April-May 1910 (Dr. H. E. Arbuckle, W.A.M.S.) ;

366 Mr, E. E. Austen on new

2 specimens, Daru, 6. vi. 1911 (Dr. J. C. Murphy, W.A.MS.).
Liperta: 2 specimens, Tappoima, 8. v. 1909 (Major A.
Pearse, R.A.M.C.). _Gotp Coast: 1 specimen, Huyi
Valley, Ashanti, 1. v. 1908, “‘ caught in station, Gold Coast
Government Railway, 11.0 pM.” (Dr. W. Mu. Graham,
W.A.M.S.).

Genus Hmmartopora, Meigen.

Hematopota tumidicornis, sp. n.

9 .—Length (5 specimens) 9 to 10 mm.; width of head
3 to 3°25 mm.; width of front at vertex 1°25 to 1-4 mm. ;
length of wing 8 to 8°5 mm.

Dusky (clove-brown) species, with strongly swollen first
antennal joint, two longitudinal rows of conspicuous, rounded,
smoke-grey or yellowish-grey spots on dorsum of abdomen, and
drab-coloured wings, in which the stigma usually stands out
conspicuously.

Head: front fairly broad, mouse-grey narrowly edged with
hight grey, frontal spots black, median spot inconspicuous,
sometimes very small, lateral frontal spots variable in size,
occasionally small and not connected with eyes, but usually
large or fairly large, more or less triangular in outline and
in contact with eye on each side ; frontal callus clove-brown,
of moderate depth, sparsely clothed at each extremity with
pale yellowish hairs, which in preserved specimens are often
wanting, its upper margin straight or nearly so ; face and
jowls light grey, clothed with pale yellowish hair, upper part
of face on each side between eye and base of antenna with a
dark brown band, which is clothed with blackish hair, and
when viewed from certain angles appears more or less broken
up into dots; palpi dusky grey, terminal joint not much or
usually only moderately thickened towards base, and clothed
on outer side with blackish mixed with yellowish hair; an-
tenne black (second joint and expanded portion of third
really clove-brown), first joint shining black, very slightly
greyish pollinose, clothed with black mixed on outer side
with pale (whitish or yellowish) hair, first jomt viewed from
above or from side truncate elliptical-ovate in outline, its
lower surface near distal extremity sometimes slightly flat-
tened, upper angle of second joint only moderately produced,
expanded portion of third joint near base, viewed from side,
less than twice as deep as terminal annuli, which are usually
of considerable relative depth. Thorax: dorsum, including
scutellum, sparsely clothed with minute, shining, pale ochre-

African Phlebotomic Diptera. 367

yellow hairs; dorsum marked with three narrow, drab-grey
or smoke-grey, longitudinal stripes, which in rubbed speci-
mens are more or less indistinct except in front of the trans-
verse suture, the median stripe in some cases very slender
and much narrower than the paired stripes, the latter (some-
times also the median stripe) expanded on the front margin ;
continuation of each paired stripe marked by a spot behind
transverse suture; the usual crescentic marks in front of
presutural groove difficult to distinguish in rubbed specimens ; ,
pleurze, pectus, and a longitudinal stripe on each side of
dorsum behind transverse suture grey, pleure clothed partly
with whitish or greyish, partly with dark brownish hair.
Abdomen: dorsum clothed with minute, appressed, pale
yellowish or pale ochre-yellow hairs, second and following
segments each with a pair of rounded spots, as described in
diaenosis, spots on second and third segments not in contact
with front or hind margins, those on following segments in
contact with front margin in each case, spots on seventh
segment much smaller than remainder, which are usually rela-
tively large, lateral extremities of dorsal scutes of all segments
more or less grey, though the grey lateral extremities are
palest and most distinet in the case of the first three seg-

ments, extreme hind margins of all segments narrowly
yellowish grey; venter smoke grey, with a broad, median,
clove-brown, longitudinal stripe ; hairy covering of venter
similar to that of dorsum. J//ings drab or brownish drab,
distinctly marked with the usual three rosettes and other
pale markings, but with the first basal cell and also the first
posterior cell except its distal extremity semi-hyaline and
usually entirely devoid of markings, though the outlines of the
portious of the rosettes falling within these cells are some-
times faintly discernible ; first and second costal cells ver

lightly tinged with drab; portion of marginal cell on
proximal side of stigma and anal cell as far as proximal
rosette semi-hyaline and devoid of markings; sinuous pale
mark at tip of wing clearly defined, running from costa,
immediately beyond distal extremity of second longitudinal
vein, to posterior branch of third vein, broadening out at its
anterior extremity and sometimes sending out an offshoot in
the shape of a streak running along the costa towards the
stigma ; In some specimens the apical sinuous mark is con-
verted into an elongate loop by an additional mark beyond
it, more irregular and less sharply defined, connecting its
extremities ; upper portion of distal rosette clearly defined,
consisting of a single streak which is usually widely inter-
rupted on the second longitudinal vein, so that the upper

368 On new African Phlebotomic Diptera,

extremity of the rosette forms the customary loop in the
marginal cell immediately beyond the stigma; lower portions
of proximal and median rosettes alone distinct; proximal
and distal extremities of discal cell more or less distinctly
occupied by portions of these rosettes; second basal cell
with a more or less distinct pale loop at each end, the
proximal loop, however, sometimes taking the form of an
ill-defined pale blotch ; posterior cells crossed by a series of
disconnected, oblique, pale marks (the usual continuation of
the apical sinuous mark) ; along posterior margin of wing
light markings usually but not invariably present in distal
angles of posterior cells; anal angle with a more or less
distinct pale border (sometimes broad), proximal extremity
of which is connected with usual loop in angle formed by
axillary incision and sixth longitudinal vein, while to distal
extremity is attached customary zigzag mark, which crosses
anal cell (in some specimens pale border of anal angle is con-
tinued along hind margin to distal extremity of axillary
cell); veins for most part mummy-brown; membrane
immediately adjoining base of anterior brauch of first longi-
tudinal vein and that bordering veins or portions of veins
bounding distal extremity of discal cell and posterior half of
distal extremity of second basal cell distinctly infuscated ;

stigma usually dark brown or clove-brown and _ sharply
defined (except its proximal extremity, which is somewhat
paler) ; quadrate drab-coloured patch behind stigma (crossing
marginal and first submarginal cells) inconspicuous. Hal-
teres: knobs dark seal-brown, stalks cream-coloured. Legs:
coxe and femora slate-grey, sparsely clothed with fine
yellowish hair ; front tibie clove-brown, marked just beyond
base with a fair ly broad buff-coloured or cream-buff band,
distal two-thirds conspicuously swollen; middle and hand
tibize dark brown, each marked with two buff or cream-buff
bands; tarsi clove-brown, first joints of middle and hind
pairs, except distal extremities, cream-buff.

East Africa Protectorate: type and five other specimens
from the Athi Plains Game Reserve, alt. 5,000 ft., May 1911
(R. B. Woosnam).

The species above described is not closely allied to any
of its Ethiopian congeners hitherto discovered, from which
the shining black coloration and_ elliptical- ovate outline
of the first joint of the antenne. will at once serve to
distinguish it. As regards the shape of the antenne, the
nearest approach to the present species among Ethiopian
forms is perhaps made by Hematopota injlaticornis, Austen,
which is as yet known only from Angola; in H. inflaticornis,

we

On the Boring Mollusca of St. Andrews. 369

however, the first joint of the antennz, though strongly
swollen, is less elliptical in outline and more densely greyish
pollinose, while, inter alia, the abdominal markings are very
different from those of H. tumidicornis and the front tibiz
are more slender. As regards the wings, the absence or
almost total absence of markings and coloration in the first
basal eell and in the first posterior cell with the exception
of its distal extremity is highly characteristic, and gives the
wings when seen against a dark background a longitudinally
streaked appearance, reminiscent of that presented by the
wings of H. copemanii, Austen, and certain of its allies;
with the group represented by H. copemanii, however, the
present species has nothing beyond generic characters in
common.

XXXVII.— On tie Boring Mollusca of St. Andrews.
By B. Linpsay, Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews.

[Plate VIII]

Proressor McIntosu, of St. Andrews, has always maintained
that the main work of marine boring organisms is accom-
plished by mechanical means, and not necessarily by the
aid of an acid secretion. The latter theory, however, has
been advocated within comparatively recent years, and
Professor McIntosh therefore requested me to make some
fresh observations on the subject. No traces of acid
secretion were found ; but the details of mechanical boring,
on the contrary, were observed, and the descriptions of it
given by previous writers were confirmed and extended.

St. Andrews offers a good field for the study of this
subject in its most important aspect—namely, in connection
with coast erosion, which is undoubtedly much assisted by
the work of marine borers. The types studied were
Zirphea (Pholas) erispata, Saxtcava rugosa, and Tapes
pullastra.

Of the Boring Mollusca of St. Andrews, Zirphea (Pholas)
crispata is far the most important in numbers and in activity,
It removes vast quantities of shale and no inconsiderable
amount of sandstone, and is undoubtedly a most important
factor in the process of coast erosion. P

At the East Rocks the boring-grounds of Zirphea are two,
and each is associated with serious encroachment of the sea,
One is situated below a spur of rock which protects the bay

370 , Miss B. Lindsay on the

on the east side—that is, on the side looking towards the
open sea. The material removed is chiefly shale, but the
sandstone (calciferous sandstone of Geikie) is also attacked,
and the gradual removal of this bulwark admits the force of
the sea to the middle of the bay, where much destruction of
the cliff-line has taken place within recent years, both
immediately in front of the Gatty Marine Laboratory and
all along the bay. There is urgent need for a small break-
water, to replace the protecting rock which is being
destroyed.’

Another boring-ground is situated at the opposite side of
the bay, in the rocks near the Beacon, at the end of the pier.
The burrows are found in both shale and sandstone, and
there are places in which the animals appear to have begun
to work upon sandstone and to have made their way down-
wards into an underlying bed of shale. It is noteworthy
that this boring-ground is washed by fresh water, for the
stream which runs into the sea from St. Andrews harbour
passes over the eastern border of these rocks. Great
denudation has probably taken place here within the
historic period ; for there is no reason to doubt the truth of
the local tradition, which states that the earliest church in
St. Andrews was built here, on land now washed away.
Here, again, the boring-ground lies to the eastward side of
the place of sea-encroachment. Only the upper border of
the boring-grounds is accessible, and that only at the lowest
tides. Most of the destructive work accomplished by the
Pholadide borers takes place below the littoral zone; unseen,
and, by the ordinary observer, unsuspected.

On the West Sands, and at the mouth of the Eden,
Zirphea attains a larger size and possesses fewer and
weaker ridges—a condition implying that it bores in softer
material, probably mud and sand. ‘The animals are rarely
seen alive, but many shells are washed up after a storm.

Barnea (Pholas) candida occurs similarly on the West
Sands, and is found occasionally in the rocks below the
Castle. Comparatively rare at St. Andrews, it is of little
local importance as an agent in the destruction of rocks.
During blasting-operations in 1896, however, many speci-
mens were thrown up on the beach, a fact recorded by
Professor McIntosh in the ‘ Zoologist’ for February 1908.

Tapes pullastra, which frequently inhabits the old burrows
of Zirphea, has sometimes been mistaken for a borer. My
observations confirm the statement of Gwyn Jeffreys, that
the shells are frequently distorted by having been confined
in a burrow. This is a sufficient proof that the animals

Boring Mollusca of St. Andrews. 371

cannot bore, or even enlarge an existing burrow to any
appreciable extent, though they may in some degree deface
its walls by friction. The creature is very active in its
movements, and is probably able to move to a new habitation
when it needs a larger one. Its presence in a burrow is
comparatively exceptional; many specimens are found free.
I suspect that the distorted shells belong to specimens which
have passed the winter in shelter, and having grown a little
during that period, have not been able to get out again.
The shell gives the calcite reaction with Meigen’s wet
test.

Sazicava rugosa also utilizes old burrows of Zirphea, but
it is quite able to make a burrow for itself, and is often
found burrowing in sandstone. If disturbed in its hole its
shell may be heard grinding as it draws itself further in.
It attaches itself by suction, when frightened, and cannot be
removed with the finger, even when a byssus is not present.
Its boring movements do not seem to be definite in direction
and purpose, like those of Zirphaa. Many of the burrows
are parallel to the surface of the stone, so that the animal
lies on its side; this fact indicates that the creature is com-
paratively little specialized as a borer.

The Zirphea may perhaps claim to be the most highly
specialized of the Pholadide borers. Its method of working
is double: it sucks and scrapes; it might be described as a
combination of a nutmeg-grater and a vacuum-cleaner. he
following are the successive steps by which the animal
prepares itself to bore :—

(1) The foot is extruded.

(2) A wide gap appears between the foot and the mantle.
This gap is not, to any great extent, due to the fact that the
width of the foot is somewhat decreased as it is pushed out.
For a long time I could not make out the meaning of this
movement, which precedes the extrusion of the mantle. It
is that the animal is inflating itself, and becomes wider, so
that the mantle and shell-valves are carried outward away
from the foot. ‘This is the aspect of things as seen in looking
at the pedal end, while at the margin of the shell it is seen
that the valves are beginning to gape a little more.

(3) The mantle becomes fully extruded. Extended far up
on the upper border of the shell it forms, with the border of
the dorsal shield and the accessory pieces of the shell, a
dorsal plugging of the hole, while on the lower side, just
opposite, it 1s firmly pushed out to form a ventral plug. ‘The
site of the latter is indicated by that curious narrow border
between the pedal area and the siphonal area of the shell,

372 Miss B. Lindsay on the

in which the ridges usually alternate with those of the
former.

(4) After this, those rotatory movements begin which
have been so often described. So far as I have observed,
the earlier writers are correct in stating that the rotatory
movements are in the direction of the movement of the hands
of a watch, 2. e. from right to left, the animal being in its
usual position, siphons up and pedal end down.

The shell-scraping activity of the mollusk was, on one
occasion, made audible—when, the wall of a burrow in shale
having been partly destroyed, the animal came into contact
with the concrete floor of the tank. The sound continued for
hours, on several successive days, and much resembled the
gnawing of a mouse in wood. Probably the rotatory shell-
scraping movements might be rendered audible at any time,
by the use of the microphone.

The boring powers of Zirphea are materially assisted by

The Chemical Composition of the Shell.

The earlier observers established the fact that these shells
consist of aragonite, which, being harder than the usual
calcite, better enables them to bore. ‘This alone should
almost have sufficed to establish the truth of the mechanical
theory of boring.

In recent years Meigen’s wet test (cobaltic nitrate) has
afforded a convenient means of confirming the evidence given
by optical appearances regarding the composition of the
shell.

In view of the fact that in some mollusks the shell has
been described as.consisting of alternate layers of aragonite
and calcite, it is interesting to note the deceptive appearances
presented by the shell of Zirphea under both tests.

(1) Optical, Owing to the fact that the upstanding
ridges are set nearly at right angles to the rest of the shell,
they appear, in a section examined by polarized light, as black
stripes, when the plain part of the shell is illuminated.

(2) In the wet test, the ridges, when viewed externally,
present streaks of lilac colour instead of the cherry-red
coloration characteristic of aragonite. The reason is, that
some of the substance of the surface of the ridge passes into
solution in the sea-water (or in aqueous spirit, if preserved
specimens are used) and is redeposited on the drying shell ;
it is then aragonite no longer, and gives the calcite test.
On breaking the shell across and testing again, it is seen
that the ridges are of the same substance as the rest; it is

Boring Mollusca of St. Andrews. 373

only a minute quantity of fine débris lodged under the ridges
which gives the lilac coloration,

The sensory powers of Zirphea are worthy of note.

The animal is sensitive to vibration, but does not appear
to be aware of sounds other than those that shake the water
in the tank, ‘Tapping, singing, and shouting are noticed;
they are, however, not noticed immediately, but after a short
interval, sufficient to allow the disturbance to travel through
the water. ‘lhe power of noticing vibrations is probably
helpful to the animal in boring, as a means of distinguishing
the direction in which lies solid and unshaken rock,

With regard to its sight, prolonged and repeated experi-
ments have convinced me that the animal possesses a share
of that faculty. A lighted match, brought within a foot of
the tank-wall in the dark, causes it to start violently and
then retreat instantly. Very different is its behaviour in
daylight towards an opaque object, such as a pencil brought
between it and the daylight and extended into the water.
There is sometimes a slight initial start ; but presently the
siphons bend so as to approach the object, evidently in
search of particles suitable for food. The shadow of the
pencil is also noticed when the pencil lies outside the water,
but not so readily. Many hours, on many different days,
were spent in confirming these experiments, which were
repeated, with fresh specimens, in three successive seasons.

The sensitive and highly pigmented ends of the siphons
appear to form a pair of dark chambers, within which optical
impressions are received, through apertures which are per-
fectly round. This sight faculty in the siphon-ends is
eminently adapted to an animal which lives in a hole, with
only the siphons protruding. Barnea (Pholas) candida is
almost equally sensitive to light. Comparison was made
with Lutraria elliptica, which possesses siphons richly fringed
with cirri; but here no such sensory faculty was found in
the siphons,

The larval development I have as yet not been able to
trace beyond the very early stages, shortly subsequent to the
formation of the blastopore; but I hope to return to that
subject on a future occasion.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII.

A & B. Zirphea (Pholas) crispata, pier rocks, St. Andrews. Speci-
mens from the sandstone rock, to show the effects of friction during
boring. The shells show worn places near the pedal end, where

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. ix. 25

374 Bibliographical Notices.

the ridges are quite worn away by continuous scraping against the
rock during the action of boring. A, pedal view; B, side view.

C,. Shell similarly but more uniformly worn, from the sandstone at the
east side of Hast Bay, St. Andrews,

D. Unworn shell for comparison. This specimen being found in shale,
a material much softer than sandstone, was but little worn,
Removed from its burrow and a loose in a tank for nearly three
months, the margin, unworn by boring, was found to be perfectly
sharp.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.

A Guide to the Fossil Invertebrate Animals in the Department of
Geology and Paleontology of the British Museum (Natural
History). 1911. (Second Edition.) Price 1s. London: The
Trustees of the British Museum.

ALrHouGH, as is set forth in the Preface, ‘‘ this book does not profess
to be a complete systematic treatise, but relates only to the speci-
mens actually exhibited in the Galleries,” it is nevertheless to be
regarded as the most complete work on this subject, in a condensed
form, which has yet been published. This is no reflection on the
numerous other Guides published by the Museum on other groups
of the Animal Kingdom. They are all marvels of their kind, whether
looked at from the point of view of the text or from that of the illus-
trations, which are excellent and liberally distributed. It is a pity
that it is not more generally realized that these books are no mere
‘** Guides,” but rather expert summaries of existing knowledge
profusely illustrated by Museum specimens. Such volumes would
be found of the highest value even to those who do not visit the
Museum from one year’s end to another.

The volume now under discussion was written by Dr. F. A,
Bather, the Assistant Keeper of the Geological Department ; and
herein we have a guarantee of its quality, for Dr. Bather is one of
the most exacting of men where his own work is concerned, and
possesses besides an encyclopedic knowledge of his subject, won by
years of laborious study. Among zoologists to-day there are some
who take a very serious view indeed of the old question “ Dans un
nom qu’y a-t-il?” To them it is much more important than the
thing named. Dr. Bather is not one of these, and he has enabled
those who have a ‘mind to know what this pother of names is about
by citing the case of a trilobite which was christened nearly a
century and a half ago. Those, however, who are interested in
zoology and who wish to have a handy and reliable epitome of our
knowledge of extinct Invertebrates will find this work indispensable.

Bibliographical Notices. 375

The wealth and beauty of the illustrations in this book are not
the least of its remarkable features, and when so much is given it
seems ungrateful to ask for more ; yet in another edition we should
be glad to see a figure of Hippurites.

The Importation into the United States of the Parasites of the Gypsy
Moth and the Brown-tail Moth. By L. O. Howarp and W. F.
Fiske. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Bureau of Ento-
mology. Bull. no. 91. 1911. Pp. 311.

‘Hose who are interested in the problems of economic entomology
will be well aware of the ravages caused by the abnormal increase
of the Brown-tailed Moth (Huproctis chrysorrhea) and the Gypsy
Moth ( Porthetria dispar) in Europe and Japan. Such students will
welcome the extraordinarily thorough report now issued by the
American Department of Agriculture, embodying the results of the
strenuous efforts which are being made to cope with the even more
serious rayages of these insects in parts of the United States,
whither by accident they were introduced some years ago. The
immigrants, freed from their natural foes, proceeded to increase and
multiply until they have become a serious menace to the land of
their adoption.

No sooner were the facts of the case fully realized, however, than
the Department of Agriculture took prompt steps to cope with the
trouble; and the thoroughness of their plan of attack and the
generous way in which they backed the officials entrusted stand in
strong contrast with the parsimony and half-hearted policy adopted
by our own Board of Agriculture. Briefly the plan of attack
decided upon was to introduce the various insects parasitic upon
these moths. This was done by importing from Europe huge consign-
ments of the egg-masses, larvae, and pups of these moths, which
were then placed in cages, in order that the parasites these con-
tained might be hatched out and released in the infested areas, while
the non-parasitized specimens were destroyed.

In justice to this theme, and the authors, it would be unfair in
the space at our disposal to attempt to review the history of these
parasites—principally micro-hymenoptera and beetles—or the results
of the experiment. Those who are interested in the matter will
naturally prefer to gain this information at first hand.

But a word must be said as to the many difficulties the investi-
gators have been called upon to surmount. The most serious of
these for a long time was the danger to health. An army of
assistants was needed to seek for and sort out parasitized larve ; and
these workers suffered severely on account of the irritation caused
by the fine hairs which cover the larye. ‘This insidious armature
forced its way through the skin of the examiners, and, worse, effected
an entrance into the throat and lungs, causing such distress as to

376 Geological Society.

endanger the lives of one or two engaged in this laborious work.
Even now, when special precautionary measures have been devised,
the work of examination is attended with real and considerable
discomfort.

Finally, this treatise is most exhaustive in its scope and profusely
illustrated.

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

January 10th, 1912.—Prof. W. W. Watts, Se.D., LL.D., M.Sc.,
F.R.S., President, in the Chair.

The following communication was read :—

‘On a Late Glacial Stage in the Valley of the River Lea, subse-
quent to the Epoch of River-Drift Man.’ By S. Hazzledine Warren,
F.G.S, With Reports on the Flowering Plants, by Francis J.
Lewis, M.Sc., F.L.S.; on the Mosses, by H. N. Dixon, M.A., F.LS.;
on the Mollusca, by Alfred Santer Kennard, F.G.S., & Bernard
Barham Woodward, F.L.S., F.G.S.; on the Coleoptera, by C. O.
Waterhouse, I.8.0., F.E.S.; on the Entomostraca, by D. J. Scour-
field, F.R.M.S.; and on the Microscopic Examination of the Sandy
Residue, by George Macdonald Davies, F.G.S.

The paper describes a carbonaceous deposit, discovered by the
Author, which is embedded in the Jow-level River-Drift gravel of
the Lea Valley, in the neighbourhood of Ponder’s End. It belongs
to the close of the Pleistocene Period, and is very much later than
the Moustierian deposits. It may be of Magdalenian age, but there
is no evidence to suggest this. It is more probably post-Magda-
lenian, formed during the time of the supposed archeological
hiatus between the Paleolithic and the Neolithic Epochs. The
deposit yields a varied fauna and flora, which has been the subject
of extended investigation. The results of this are embodied in the
reports which are appended to the paper. The conclusions arrived
at in these reports are in close agreement with each other, and
indicate climatic conditions similar to those now found in Lapland.
The evidence of this comparatively late Arctic climate in the South
of England is important. It throws much light on many vexed
questions, particularly with regard to the relationship of Paleolithic
man to the Glacial Period. It may have been the Arctic con-
ditions represented by the Ponder’s-End stage (as it might appro-
priately be named) which caused the migration of Palolithie man
to less inclement regions. The correlation is also suggested
between the Ponder’s-End stage and the ‘ Trail’ of the Rey. O.
Fisher, The evidence is further interesting, as showing another
important fluctuation of climate during the Pleistocene Period.

DT

THE ANNALS
MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.
(EIGHTH SERIES.]

No. 52. APRIL 1912.

XXXVIII.—Desecriptions and Records of Bees —XUIII.
By T. D. A. Cockrrett, University of Colorado.

Nomia (Reepenia) eboracina, sp. n.

¢ —Length about 10 mm.

Black and ferruginous ; eyes large; facial quadrangle
about twice as long as broad; inner orbits concave above ;
ocelli large; supraclypeal area convex; clypeus with a
median keel; whole face below antenne, labrum, and man-
dibles (except apex) light ochre-yellow ; antenne ferru-
ginous, the flagellum dusky above and more or less so
beneath toward apex, only slightly crenulate; tongue long
and linear; labial palpi with first jot about as long as next
two combined, the last three subequal; maxillary palpi
slender, with six subequal joints, the apical ones a little
longer than the others; head and thorax with moderately
abundant dull white hair; hair of middle of face not hiding
surface; mesothorax granular, with very fine shallow punc-
tures ; scutellum bigibbous, the prominences with distinct
apices; two very obscure stripes on mesothorax, a band
along hind margin, and sides of mesothorax and scutellum
more or less, dull reddish; tubercles reddish, fringed with
dense yellowish-white hair; area of metathorax irregularly
rugose, pointed behind in middle ; tegule moderate for
Nomia, light amber-colour. Wings rather dusky hyaline,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. ix. 26

378 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

with dark stigma and nervures; first r. n. joining second
sm. beyond middle; third s.m. much broader above than
second. Legs entirely clear honey-colour, with glittering
slightly yellowish hair; hind legs slender, quite normal.
Abdomen beneath and the first segment broadly at sides
ferruginous; hind margins of dorsal segments broadly
reddish hyaline ; apex with the two short spines of Reepenia ;
stipites very long and slender, moderately curved, slightly
bulbous at end, not hairy; sagitte long, simple, tapering
apically.

Hab. Cape York, Queensland, 1909 (W. W. Froggatt, 68).

Closely related to Nomia variabilis, Friese, of which it is
the mainland representative. It could perhaps be regarded
as a subspecies of variabilis, but since it is quite isolated from
the other forms, it seems best to regard it as aspecies. I
now feel convinced that when the mouth-parts and abdo-
minal structures of Tetralonia brevicornis, Smith, have been
carefully examined that species will also fall in Repeenia.
From brevicornis and variabilis the new species is most easily
known by the pallid legs. Owing to the coloration of the
abdomen there is quite a close superficial resemblance
between N. eboracina and N. tomentifera (Friese).

Paracolletes crassipes, Smith.

Professor Froggatt has taken both sexes in New South
Wales. Two males before me come from Leura, Jan. 5 and
20, 1903.

Smith described only the female. The male is similar,
but less robust, with a thick flagellum which is strongly
crenulated beneath, while all the knees, tibize, and tarsi are
ferruginous. The face is covered with long, pale, ochreous-
tinted hair. The abdominal segments are distinctly greenish,
with broad reddish hind margins.

Paracolletes crassipes leptospermi, subsp. n.

g .—Length about 12 mm.

Head and thorax black ; first abdominal segment black,
with the hind margin broadly pale reddish; the other
segments dark greenish (the second greenest), with the hind
margins broadly ferruginous ; face covered with yellowish-
white hair; cheeks with long white hair; mouth-parts
typically Colletiform ; mandibles black, reddish in middle ;
flagellum long, ferruginous beneath ; facial quadrangle much
longer than broad; mesothorax and secutellum shining, with

Records of Bees. 379

scattered punctures, scutellum bigibbous; hair of meso-
thorax and scutellum warm fuscous, but of postscutellum,
metathorax, and pleura white; area of metathorax very
large, smooth and brilliantly shining ; tegule ferruginous.
Wings faintly dusky, nervures rufo-fuscous ; stigma almost
obsolete ; b. n. fallinga very little short of t.-m. Legs more
or less reddish, anterior tibize clear ferruginous in frout.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland, Sept. 1898, at flowers of
Leptospermum (Turner, 308). British Museum.

Exceedingly close to the male of P. crassipes, but smaller,
with light hair on posterior edge of hind tibiz (fuscous
in crassipes); 1t appears to be a northern subspecies of
P. crassipes.

Puracolletes rebellis, sp. 1.

¢ .—Length 13 mm. or rather over.

Another species closely resembling P. crassipes, but
certainly distinct, differing as follows :—The large triangular
area of metathorax strongly longitudinally suicate in the
middle and finely transversely striate ; the abundant hair of
mesothorax and scutellum light ferruginous, not at all
fuscous; mandibles red; fourth antennal joint longer;
nervures ferruginous ; sides of second abdominal segment
red basally. The flagellum is very long, ferruginous beneath.
The genitalia resemble those of various Colletes, except that
the very broad stipites are not hairy at the end.

Hab. Melbourne, Victoria, Aug. 1900 (C. French). Turner
collection, British Museum.

In my first arrangement of the specimens I had confused
P. rebellis with P. leptospermi, but it is very different in the
structure of the metathoracic enclosure.

Paracolletes platycephalus, sp. n.

? .—Length about 10 mm.

Black, with the abdomen bright ferruginous red, the first
segment suffusedly blackish on its anterior face, the second
with a conspicuous black spot on each side; head very
broad, with white hair, thin on sides of face, abundant on
cheeks beneath; clypeus shining, sparsely but strongly
punctured, flattened in middle; supraclypeal area elevated,
with a flattened smooth triangular face; mandibles dark,
bidentate ; antennz black, or flagellum a little reddish
apically ; flagellum short and thick; mesothorax microscopi-

cally tessellate, shining or dullish, rather closely punctured
26*

380 Mr el. Dear Cockerell—Desertptions and

at sides, but hardly at all in middle; area of metathorax
with a strong transverse keel, and above the keel with
irregular longitudinal raised lines; hair of tubercles and
surrounding parts yellowish, of pleura and metathorax
whiter, of mesothorax and scutellum fuscous; tegule ferru-
ginous or reddish fuscous. Wings dusky hyaline; nervures
and stigma fusco-ferruginous ; stigma quite large; b.n.
meeting t.-m.; cubital nervure arched upwards; second s.m.
small, strongly contracted above, receiving first r. n. toward
its end; third s.m. large; second r.n. meeting third t.-c.
Legs black, with small joints of tarsi ferruginous ; anterior
tibize stained with ferruginous in front; hair on inner side
of tarsi yellowish, on outer side of hind tibiz long and
largely fuscous. Abdomen without hair-bands ; hair at apex
dark sooty.

Hab. Type from Victoria, Feb. 1901 (C. French) : Turner
collection, British Museum. Another from Windsor,
Victoria (C. French): Froggatt collection, 77.

Resembles P. fimbriatus (Smith), but readily separated by
the dark legs and venation. By the same characters it is
separated from P. fimbriatinus, Ekll. By the red abdomen,
with a spot on each side of second segment, it resembles
P. bimaculatus (Smith), but it differs in the colour of the
pubescence, in the legs, &e. The hind spur is very finely
pectinate, with many very slender longspines. Superficially
P. platycephalus looks like the South-American Perdito-
morpha bruneri, Ashm.

Paracolletes eugeniarum, sp. nu.

? .—Length about 1] mm.

Unusually narrow ; black, with the hind margins of the
abdominal segments depressed, broadly whitish hyaline, the
part just before the depression reddened ; pubescence dull
white, but dark fuscous on vertex behind ocelli, and a little
fuscous on anterior part of scutellum; head broad, eyes
short ; mouth-parts typically Colletid ; clypeus dullish,
obscurely punctured; lower part of supraclypeal area well
punctured ; scape black, flagellum bright clear ferruginous
beneath except at extreme base; mesothorax shining, rather
closely punctured ; area of metathorax with five transverse
ridges ; pleura densely sculptured, partly vertically striate ;
tegule pale amber. Wings hyaline, nervures and stigma
dusky ferruginous ; stigma very small and slender; b.n.
falling a little short of t.-m.; second s.m. quite broad,
receiving first r. n. near its base ; second r. vp. reaching third
s.m. a short distance before end. Abdomen shining, the

Records of Bees. 381

basal half of the segments very minutely punctured ; hair of
abdomen thin and white, with scarcely defined bands, hair
about apex fuscous ; apical plate very broad. The anterior
and middle knees are reddeued. Hind spur with long strong
teeth.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland, at flowers of Eugenia, Nov.
1899 (Turner, 321). British Museum.

P. eugeniarum is a rather peculiar species. In my table
of Smith’s “ Lamprocolletes”? (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxxi.
345) it runs to 10, and the colour of the antenne suggests
that it may be the female of P. antennatus (Smith), but the
venation is different. It also seems to fall near P. argenti-
Jrons (Smith), known only from the male; I believe it is
really very close to argentifrons, but almost certainly not
identical, especially as Smith’s species comes from Swan
River. (For additional notes on P, argentifrons see Trans.
Amer. Ent. Soc. xxxvi. 204.) P. perfasciatus, CklL., is also
apparently allied.

The stout teeth of the hind spur in P. eugeniarum are very
different from the numerous slender spines of P. platy-
cephalus. The third s.m. of P. eugeniarum is a little broader
above than the second, and the third t.-c. strongly bulges
outward.

Gastropsis victorie, Cockerell, var. a.

6 .—Abdomen and anterior part of mesothorax with a
greenish lustre ; mesothorax with much biack hair, except
on the anterior third, where it abruptly changes to yellowish
white ; all the hair of second abdominal segment long and
white; segments 3 to 5 with narrow and rather incon-
spicuous white marginal hair-bands ; sixth segment with
long fuscous hair.

Hab. Western Australia, 1909 (Froggatt, 47).

This is probably a distinct subspecies, but the original
types of G. victoria had been in some liquid, and the descrip-
tion of the pubescence was defective. More material is
needed to show whether there are separable forms in
W. Australia, S. Australia, and Victoria.

Andrena milwaukeensis, Graenicher.

This fine species,- described from Wisconsin, has been
taken by Miss Eleth Cattell at Garrison, New York.

Andrena hirticincta, Provancher.
Woods Hole, Massachusetts (Hleth Cattell).

382 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell--Descriptions and

Andrena carlini, Cockerell.
Garrison, New York (Eleth Cattell).

Andrena crategi, Robertson.
Garrison, New York (Eleth Cattell).

Andrena rugosa, Robertson.
Garrison, New York (Hleth Cattell).

Andrena flavoclypeata, Smith.
Garrison, New York (Hleth Cattell).

Andrena forbesii, Robertson.
Garrison, New York (Hleth Cattell).

Andrena thaspii, Graenicher, var. a.

Foley’s yard, Bloomington, Indiana, at cherry blossoms
(Maz M. Ellis).

Differs from typical A. thaspii by having the facial fovez
strongly reddish and the mesothorax entirely dull. This
may perhaps be identical with A. mandibularis, Rob., which
I know only from descriptions, but Robertson does not state
whether the foveee of that species are reddish. Viereck, in
Entom. News, 1907, p. 287, makes thaspii a synonym of
mandibularis, but in the separate copy he sent me he has
erased mandibularis, leaving thaspii as valid.

Colletes inequalis, Say.

Bloomington, Indiana; six females at flowers of wild
crab-apple trees on Campus of University of Indiana (Max
M. Ellis). On the same flowers, in the same locality, Dr. Ellis
collected males of Xylocopa virginica, Drury.

Prosopis chromatica (Cockerell).

I described this from the female as a variety of P. albo-
nitens, Ckll. The male (Mackay, Nov. 1891, Turner, 713
in part) shows that it is a distinct species, for it has wholly
dark mandibles and the broader face is ivory-white, con-
trasting with the pale yellow tubercles, while the lateral

Records of Bees, 383

face-marks are broader at base, regularly tapering to a sharp
point. Mr. Turner took both P. albonitens and P. chro-
matica at flowers of Xanthorrhwa.

Allodape simillima, Smith.

Smith described the female. Two males come from
Mackay, Queensland, January 1899 and 1900 ( Turner, 716).
They are 7 to 74 mm. long, like the female, but with the
eyes very large, face narrowed below ; clypeus ivory-white,
constricted in middle ; almost linear lateral face-marks ; a
large white spot on labrum; middle and hind basitarsi white.

Mr. Turner also took A. unicolor, Smith, at Mackay
(March 1900).

Pachyprosopis obesa, sp. nu.

? .—Length about 7 mm.

Head and thorax very robust; abdomen large and
broad, though rather short ; head and thorax black, without
light markmgs; mandibles dark reddish; scape clear
reddish orange; flagellum short and thick, ferruginous,
sufiusedly dusky above; clypeus and supraclypeal area
shining, with scattered punctures ; front also shining, but
with much finer and closer punctures; facial fovee very
distinct, linear, ending below at about level of middle of
scape, and above curving over to the lateral ocelli; ocelli
rather small; mesothorax and scutellum nude, shining, with
scattered small punctures, which are closer on hind part of
mesothorax and on scutellum ; tubercles with a fringe of
dull white hair; pleura not hairy; area of metathorax
triangular, without evident sculpture; all the tibize and tarsi
bright ferruginous, as also anterior femora at apex, middle
femora except beneath, and hind femora entirely; tegulz
piceous. Wings dusky hyaline ; stigma and nervures
yellowish brown; b.n, strongly arched, falling far short of
t.-m.; first r.n. meeting first t.-c.; second s.m. more or less
wedge-shaped, higher than long, produced to a point above.
Abdomen dull dark ferruginous, with variable transverse
dusky clouds on the segments.

Hab. Sydney, New South Wales, Nov. 29, 1910 (W. W.
Froggatt, 127); 2 ¢.

A very distinct species, known from all others by its thick
and wholly black head and thorax, combined with an orange
scape and a red abdomen.

384 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

Pachyprosopis nitidiceps, sp. 0.

? .—Length about 45 mm.

Black, not more robust than Euryglossa; head nearly
round seen from in front, not especially large, brilliantly
shining, with scattered punctures ; ocelli small; front with
a median groove; mandibles dark, obscurely reddish sub-
apically ; eyes converging below; scape black; flagellum
short and thick, ferruginous beneath; mesothorax dullish,
with inconspicuous scattered punctures; scutellum rather
more shining, having a sort of glaucous tint; area of meta-
thorax not distinctly defined. Legs black, with the tarsi
reddish, the anterior tibie ferruginous, suffused with blackish
behind, and the middle tibiz ferruginous in front, the hind
knees also ferruginous; tegule rufo-testaceous. Wings
hyaline, faintly dusky, the large stigma and the nervures
ferruginous; b.n. strongly arched, not reaching t.-m. ; first
r.n. meeting first t.-c.; second s.m. narrow and pointed
above, yet broader (longer) than in some species, its lower
side being about equal to that on first t.-c.; abdomen broad,
shining, the hind margins of the segments brownish. The
compound microscope brings out the following details :—
Abdominal segments finely transversely lineolate; base of
metathorax with a very irregular and delicate raised reticu-
lation ; scutellum closely punctured posteriorly ; hind spur
with very strong teeth; mesothorax very minutely trans-
versely lineolate.

Hub. Mackay, Queensland, November 1893 (Turner).
British Museum.

Readily known by the small size and black colour ; P. flavi-
cauda, Ckll., which it most resembles, has the end of the
abdomen orange.

Halictus punctatus, Smith.

In Smith’s description read “ mesothorax (not metathorax)
green.” The metathorax is black, with tine raised lines.
The abdomen varies to nearly all red except the base. The
specimens before me are labelled as follows :—Sydney,
N.S.W., Nov. 29, 1910 (Froggatt, 124) ; Rutherglen, Vic-
toria, 1909 (French; Froggatt collection, 88); Melbourne,
Victoria, Aug. 1900 (French ; Turner collection).

Halictus dotatus, sp. n.

2 —Length about 54 mm.
Head and thorax green, abdomen and legs bright ferru-
ginous; head ordinary, metallic green, not very bright;

——

Records of Bees. 385

labrum, mandibles, and lower margin of clypeus light ferru-
ginous ; front dull and minutely granular; scape slender,
light ferruginous; flagellum ferruginous beneath; meso-
thorax very bright green, shining, very finely punctured ;
scutellum shining, rather more brassy ; metathorax dark
bluish green, the area with fine wrinkles, those about the
middle transv erse; pleura coloured like metathorax. Legs
entirely light ferruginous, hind spur simple; tegule hght
rufo-testaceous. Wings clear; stigma and nervures honey-
colour, the stigma large. Abdomen shining ferruginous,
with slight transverse dusky clouds, but base not dark.

Hab. “Sy dney, New South Wales, Nov. 29, 1910 (Froggatt).

The type is cummed on a card with aspecimen of H. punc-
tatus ; they were probably taken at the same spot. Halictus
dotatus is related to H. vitripennis, Smith, but the scape is
red and the base of the abdomen is not black. The red lower
part of clypeus is also distinctive. The mesothorax is more
shining and much brighter green than in H. eyrei, Ckll.

Halictus dampieri, Cockerell.

A new locality is Kuranda, Cairns, Queensland, Dec. 1901
(Turner). A long series of females taken by Mr. Turner at
Mackay is all from flowers of Eugenia, except one from
Cassia.

Halictus behri transvolans, subsp. n.

?.—Clypeus yellowish green varying to blue-green ;
supraclyyeal area brass-colour or concolorous with the front
and sides of face ; mesothorax peacock-green ; scutellum
brassy green varying to peacock-green ; abdomen shining
dark green; scape black, with a minute red spot at extreme
base ; underside of flagellum wholly pale ferruginous.

Hab. Mackay, Ghicensiand: March 1900 and Jan. 1890
(Turner, 757).

Close to H. flindersi, Ckll., and having the same ventral
scopa on abdomen and transverse lineolation in front of
anterior ocellus, but easily separated by the ferruginous
(variously infuscated) tibize and tarsi. The type is in the
British Museum.

Halictus forresti, Cockerell.

Five males before me, taken by Mr. Turner at Mackay,
are all from flowers of Eucalyptus i in March,

386 Descriptions and Records of Bees.

Halictus sturti, Cockerell.

Ten females are before me, taken at Mackay by Mr. Tur-
ner; eight are from tlowers of Cassia in December, two were
collected in March without flower record.

Halictus urbanus, Smith.
Sydney, N.S.W., Dec. 1, 1910 (Froggatt, 114).

Halictus inclinans, Smith.

Windsor, Victoria, 1909 (French; Froggatt collection, 90).
This species and the last are both said by Smith to come
from Champion Bay.

Halictus saycei, sp. 0.

? .—Length 45-5 mm.

Form ordinary, thorax small; black, with the dull and
granular mesothorax dark green; the abdomen smooth and
shining, with very little hair, and wholly without bands ;
mandibles, knees, tibize (middle and hind ones more or less
infuscated), tarsi, and extreme apex of abdomen ferruginous ;
scape slender, red basally ; flagellum dark ; tegule shining
apricot-colour. Wings hyaline, venation of Chloralictus,
stigma rather dilute brown, nervures paler, second s.m,
receiving first r.n. a short distance from its end ; tubercles
partly reddish ; area of metathorax granular, shining api-
cally ; hind spur with about three short nodule-like teeth.
Ventral side of abdomen with a well-developed scopa of
curled hairs. The compound microscope shows the fol-
lowing :—Front finely striate, no transverse strie below
ocelli; mesothorax roughened and punctured, anteriorly
very finely, rather obliquely, transversely lineolate ; basal
part of metathoracic area with vermiform ruge, apical part
microscopically tessellate ; abdomen transversely lineolate ;
hairs of caudal rima pale orange, beautifully plumose.

Hab. Mackay, Queensland, April 1900, 2 ¢ (Zurner, 7 ¢).
British Museum.

Resembies the Tasmanian H. limatus, Smith, but differs in
the sculpture of the thorax.

Halicius kesteveni, sp. 0.

g —Length 4-45 mm.
Head and thorax dark green, metathorax blue, abdomen
shining black, without bands; clypeus and supraclypeal area

On the Anatomy Sc. of the Symbranchoid Eels. 38%

shining, but front and mesothorax dull; mandibles bright
red at apex, orange in middle, dark at base; labrum and
margin of clypeus dark ; antennze comparatively short and
thick, like those of a female ; scape black, flagellum dull
ferruginous beneath; scutellum shining green; area of
metathorax shining, with irregular rugze not covering the
surface ; tegule testaceous. Wings clear, nervures and
stigma reddish sepia; venation of Chloralictus, but first r.n.
entering extreme base of third s.m. Legs black, with the
knees, anterior tibiz, apices of the other tibiz, and all
the tarsi ferruginous. Abdomen only moderately narrow.
The compound microscope shows :—Front very minutely
cancellate, not striate; mesothorax coarsely lineolate or
subtessellate, with scattered punctures.

Hab. Kuranda, Cairns, Queensland, March 1902 (Turner).
British Museum. Alsoa co-type from Cape York, May 1902
(Turner).

Superficially much like H. saycei, but the differences in
colour and sculpture show that it cannot be its male.

Halictus paracolletinus, Cockerell.

A male from Kuranda, Cairns, April 1902 (Turner), shows
that this sex resembles the female, with the following prin-
cipal sexual differences :—Face much narrower, front and
sides of face densely covered with orange hair; lower half
of clypeus and a wedge reaching upper margin pale yellow ;
antenne very long, flagellum ferrugmous beneath; anterior
knees, tibiz, and tarsi ferruginous, the tibiz clouded with

dusky.

XXXIX.—The Anatomy and Classification of the
Symbranchoid Hels. By C. Tate Reaan, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)
[Plate IX.]

In most recent systems of classification the Symbranchii
appear as an order (or suborder) which is placed near the
Apodes. It seems probable, however, that they are derived
from some group of acanthopterous physoclists and that the
resemblances to the true Hels are not due to relationship,
since in Alabes the premaxillaries have long posterior

388 Mr. OC. T. Regan on the Anatomy and

pedicels and jugular pelvic fins are present. Vaillant
(Comptes Rend. exl. 1905, p. 1713) has recently expressed
the opinion that the affinities of Adabes are with the Blennioids
rather than with the Symbranchide, and, indeed, its external
similarity to the Scytalinide and Zoarcide is rather striking ;
but in its osteology Alabes differs widely from the Blennioids,
and although it also differs sufficiently from the Sym-
branchoids to be made the type of a separate suborder, its
relationship to them is quite clear; the more important
characters common to Alabes and the Symbranchoids are
given in the ordinal diagnosis, and the differences between
them will be seen on comparison of the subordinal diagnoses
in the following systematic account.

Order SYMBRANCHILI.

Eel-shaped Teleosts, with the caudal fin very small, 8- to
10-rayed, and continuous with the dorsal and anal, which are
rayless folds of the skin; no pectoral fins ; pelvics, if present,
jugular. No air-bladder, Mouth non-protractile, bordered
above mainly by the premaxillaries ; lower jaw of dentary,
articulare, and angulare. Giull-membranes united and gill-
openings confluent below, but more or less restricted from
above, typically appearing as a transverse ventral slit.
Palatine without maxillary process; no mesopterygoid ;
inetapterygoid extending upwards to sphenotic; lyomandi-
bular two-headed; symplectic present; opercles normal.
Upper surface of skull without crests or ridges; no basi-
sphenoid, alisphenoid, orbitosphenoid, or opisthotic ; sphenotic
with a rather prominent projection directed outwards and
somewhat forwards; exoccipital condyles widely separated ;
nasals long, separated by the ethmoid ; a preorbital, but no
suborbitals. Only the membrane bones of the pectoral arch
developed, the coracoids and radials absent. Vertebral centra
co-ossified with the arches ; no ribs, but a series of epipleurals.

Suborder 1. ALABETOIDEA.

Vent in the anterior half of the length of the fish. Dorsal
and anal well developed; pelvic fins present, very small,
2-rayed, just behind the gill-opening. Mouth small; palate
toothless. Premaxillaries with strong posterior pedicels
which reach the frontals ; palatines separated by the vomer ;
pterygoid slender, remote from the frontal; operculum
rhomboidal. Skull short, broad, depressed; parasphenoid
and frontal separated by an interspace ; parietals not meeting

Classification of the Symbranchotd Fels. 389

above the supraoccipital. Pectoral arch attached to the skull
by a forked post-temporal. Candal vertebrae more numerous
than the preecaudals; posterior precaudals with downwardly
directed parapophyses; epipleurals sessile.

Family 1. Alabetide.

This family includes the single genus Alabes, Cuv. (Chilo-
branchus, Richards.), little fishes of the coasts of Australia,
known as ‘ Shore Eels.”” The body is naked ; the snout is
blunt and the eyes are placed far forward; the mouth is
small, terminal, and the blunt compressed teeth are arranged
in a single series in the jaws. In A. dorsalis I count 75
vertebrae (23+52) ; parapophyses are developed on the last
8 precaudals only, they are downwardly directed and
gradually increase in length until they form closed hemal
arches in the caudal region.

Suborder 2. SYMBRANCHOIDEA.

Vent in the posterior half of the length of the fish. Dorsal
and anal vestigial ; no pelvic fins. Mouth moderately large ;
palate with a crescentic band or series of teeth on the pala-
tines and pterygoids. Premaxillaries without posterior
pedicels ; palatines meeting below the vomer; pterygoid
expanded, attached throughout its length to the frontal ;
operculum subtriangular, Skull elongate; parasphenoid and
frontal united by a long suture ; parietals meeting above the
supraoccipital. Pisecaudal vertebree more numerous than the
caudals ; all the precaudals (except the first) and the anterior
eaudals with transverse processes bearing the epipleurals ;
posterior praecaudals also with downwardly directed para-
pophyses, which are replaced by closed hemal arches in the
caudal region.

Family 1. Symbranchide.

There are no respiratory sacs and the pectoral arch is
attached to the skull by a forked post-temporal ; the body is
naked.

Synopsis of the Genera.
I. Eyes developed; gill-opening small; teeth in bands.

Gills well developed, on 4 branchial arches ;

vertebree 127-137 (76-80+51-57) .... 1. Symbranchus.
Gills vestigial, on 3 branchial arches only;

vertebree 188 (100+88)............ »» 2. Monopterus.

390 On the Anatomy kc. of the Symbranchoid Eels.

II. Eyes vestigial ; gill-opening wide, extending upwards above the
middle of the side; teeth in a single series, minute on the pre-
maxillaries, well developed and obtusely conical on the palate and
lower jaw; gills as in Symbranchus; vertebre about 100.

3. Macrotrema, gen. noy.

Symbranchus includes three species from the fresh and
brackish waters of tropical countries—one from Central and
South America, another from West Africa, and the third from
the East Indies. MJonopterus comprises a single species
widely distributed in the rivers of southern and eastern Asia.
The new genus Macrotrema is established for Symbranchus
caligans, Cant., which differs from Symbranchus not only in
structural characters, but in its smaller size and marine
habit. Cantor’s type from Pinang, 200 mm. in total length,
is in the British Museum; also a second specimen of 160 mm.
from Singapore.

Family 2. Amphipnoide.

Amphipnous cuchia, from the fresh and brackish waters of
tropical Asia, differs from the Symbranchide especially in
the development of a pair of respiratory sacs, diverticula of
the pharynx which lie on each side of the vertebral column
above the gills and between the skull and the pectoral arch.
All the other features in which Amphipnous differs from the
Symbranchide, except the presence of scales on the body,
are connected with the presence of these sacs; thus the skull
is shorter, the operculum and suboperculum are produced
backwards into very thin, almost membranous lamine, and
the pectoral arch is separated from the skull, with consequent
reduction or disappearance of the post-temporal. Gills are
developed on the second branchial arch only. The vertebre
number 171 (106+ 65).

EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX.

Figs. 1-4. Monopterus javanensis. 1, jaws, suspensorium, and opercles ;
2, skull from above; 5, skull from the side; 4, skull from
behind.

Figs. 5-8. Alabes dorsalis (5 and 6 X 2, 7 and 8 still more enlarged).
5, skull from above; 6, skull from below; 7, upper jaw;
8, lower jaw.

pmx, premaxillary ; mx, maxillary; den, dentary ; ar, articulare: an,
angulare; pal, palatine ; pt, pterygoid; qg, quadrate ; mt, metapterygoid ;
hm, hyomandibular; sy, sympiectic ; pop, preeoperculum ; op, operculum ;
sop, suboperculum ; zop, interoperculum; , nasal; eth, ethmoid ; leth,
lateral ethmoid; v, vomer; psp, parasphenoid ; f, frontal; p, parietal ;
spo, sphenotic; pto, pterotic; epo, epiotic; pro, pro-otic ; soc, supra-
oecipital ; eoc, exoccipital ; boc, basioccipital ; ¢, temporal plate.

On Mammals from Central Asia. 391

XL.— On Mammals from Central Asia, collected by
Mr. Douglas Carruthers. By OLpFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Durine the summers of 1910 and 1911 Mr. Douglas
Carruthers made, in company with two friends, Messrs. J. H.
Miller and M. P. Price, an extended collecting-tour through
the mountainous region of Central Asia. Commencing at
Minnusinsk, on the Upper Yenisei, shortly after leaving the
Siberian Railway, the party worked through the Syansk
Mountains into N.W. Mongolia, then through the Tannu-ola
Mts., the Altai, the Barlik Mts., N.W. Dzungaria, along the
Thian Shan chain eastwards to the interesting Hami Mts.,
then back to the Muzart Valley and Kuldja. Lastly, vi@
Yarkand and the Karakoram, the party travelled to India,
and so home to England.

The whole of this great region, down at least to Yarkand,
was previously almost entirely unrepresented in the small
mammal department of the British Museum, so that the fine
collection made by Mr. Carruthers, and now acquired by the
Museum, is therefore of the utmost value and interest.
Quite a considerable number of the forms have proved to be
new, and all are most desirable accessions, greatly increasing
our knowledge of the fauna of this little-known part of the
world.

lt is impossible to speak too highly of the care and enthu-
siasm devoted by Mr. Carruthers to the making of this
collection, which is throughout of the high standard to
which his previous work has accustomed us. About 180
specimens are contained in it, belonging to 48 species, the
high proportion of species being due to the varied regions
through which the party passed and to their seldom stopping
long enough in any place to obtain really large series of
single species.

Five species and subspecies belonging to this collection
were described by me in the ‘Annals’ for December 1911,
one has been described by Mr. G. S. Miller in America, and
ten new forms are now named, making a total of sixteen
novelties obtained during Mr Carruthers’s expedition.

A previous collection made by Mr. Carruthers in Turkestan
was worked out in the ‘ Annals’ in 1909 *.

* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) ili. p. 257 (March 1909),

392 Mr. O. Thomas on

1. Sorex araneus borealis, Kashtsch.

&@. 173; 2.162. Syansk Mts., 100 miles W. of Lake
Baikal.

2. Sorex centralis, Thos.

g. 178,179, 181; 9. 180. Syansk Mts., 101 miles W.
of Lake Baikal. 4000-70007.

Described Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vill. p. 758 (1911).

No. 180 (12. 4. 1. 6) the type.

3. Crocidura ilensis, Mill.
?. 231. SteppeS. of Tarbagatai Mts., Dzungaria. 1000’.

A, Talpa (? suschkini, Kashtch.).

9. 152, and separate skull no. 157. 100 miles S.E. of
Minnusinsk, Upper Yenisei. 1000’.

In his work on W. Siberian Insectivora Prof. Kashtchenko
puts ‘ var. suschkini”’ tor a Sayanow specimen which is said
to agree with 7’. altaica in all respects except that the eye
and its aperture are minute. ‘This character being quite
valueless, and no other particulars being mentioned, it is
impossible to be certain whether the present specimens, which
differ from altaica in the size of their teeth, are really refer-
able to suschkini, but it seems advisable provisionally to put
them under that name.

5. Martes zibellina, L.
é. 184; 9, 183. - Skulls only, Tapaa (Miss ai

Mongolia.

Found in a fur-hunter’s hut.

A comparison of these skulls with some from Kamtchatka
indicates that the peninsula animal ought certainly to be
distinguished from the Siberian on account of its greater size.
It should be ealled JAZ. asiaticus, the material used in
Brandt's paper on ‘Mustela zibe(lina, var. asiatica”’ *, having
been mainly Kamtchatkan, and the original of pl. i. having
been from that country. If this name were put aside as
synonymous with zibellina itself, some more unsuitable name
from the same paper (e. g. ochkraceus or maculatus) would
have to be adopted.

* Mém., Ac. St. Pétersb. (6) ix, Sci. Nat. vii. p. 1 (1855),

Mammals /rom Central Asia. 393

6. Putortus larvatus michnoi, Kashtch.
>

6.187. Kemtchik Valley, Tannu-ola Mts. 2500’.

¢. 200. Kunderlun Plateau, Atchit Nor, N.W. Mongolia.
8300’.

Described by Kashtchenko * as a variety of P. eversmanni,
but evidently a race of, if not identical with, P. larvatus,
Hodgs., the Tibetan polecat.

7. Seturus vulgaris calotus, Hodgs.

3.177; ¢. 165. Syansk Mts., 100 miles W. of Lake
Baikal. 1500’.

6. 227. Kran Valley, Great Altai. 4000’.

Or S. v. martensi, Matsch., which was based on Midden-
dort’s description of the squirrel of the Lower Yenesei.

8. Eutamias asiaticus, Pall.

@. 153,155; 9.151,156. 100 miles S8.E. of Minnu-
sinsk, Yenisel. 100U’.

9. Cutellus eversmanni, Brandt.
3. 150. Minnusinsk, Upper Yenisei. 800’.
dg. 185. Kemtchik Valley, Tannu-ola Mts., N.W. Mon-
golia. 3000’.
6. 194,155, 196. S. side, Tannu-ola Mts. 7000’.
9. 206. Mis. W. of Atchit Nor, N.W. Mongolia. 5500’.
6. 303. Ala-tau Mts., N.W. Dzungaria. 7000-8000’.

10. Citellus carrutherst, sp. n.

3. 279, 280, 281, 283; 2. 277, 278, 282, 293 (and sepa-
rate skulls, 266, 267). Barlik Mts., S. side, N.W. Daun-
garia. 5000-70U0'.

Like C. erythrogenys, but much smaller and with only five
pairs of mamme.

General characters of erythrogenys. Size very much
smaller, Colour above pale mottled isabella, the shoulders
paler grey than the back. Head-markings as in erythro-
yenys, the supraorbital reddish lines clearer reddish, or rather
ochraceous, not so dark as in erythrogenys. Under surface
broadly washed with dull buffy whitish. Hands and feet
cream-buff. ‘Tail buffy, the hairs above more or less ringed
with black. Mammee 5 pairs only instead of 6.

* Ann, Mus. St. Pétersb. xv. p. 271 (1911).
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. ix. 27

394 Mr. O. Thomas on

Skull in general character quite the same as in erythro-
genys, with the same widely expanded zygomata, but con-
siderably smaller throughout.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 197 mm.; tail 42; hind foot 34 ; ear 8.

Skull: greatest length 45:2; condylo-incisive length 42 ;
zygomatic breadth 30°4; nasals 16°5 x68; interorbital
breadth 8:3; posterior breadth on tympanics 24; palatilar
length 22°6; diastema 10-5; palatal foramina 2°8; upper
tooth series exclusive of sinall premolar 9:2.

Hab, as above.

Type. Young adult female. B.M. no. 12. 4. 1. 34.
Original number 282. Collected 19th June, 1911.

This Barlik souslik may have been included by other
authors under C. erythrogenys, but a comparison of Mr. Car-
ruthers’s very uniform series with some specimens from Buisk,
obtained and presented by Mr, J. H. Miller in 1908, shows
at once that there are two members of the group, differing
both in size and the number of their mamme.

The original erythrogenys of Brandt was first described as
from the Altai (Gebler), and later on the Alai River was
mentioned as its habitat. This river runs into the Ob at
Barnaul, and is not far from Biisk, so that our specimens
from the latter place may be provisionally accepted as
typical.

I have named this distinct species in honour of its disco-
verer, Mr. Carruthers, to whose hard work and enthusiasm
the present fine collection is due.

11. Marmota centralis, Thos.

?¢. 228. Kran Valley, Great Altai. 2300’.

9. 291. Barlik Mts., N.W. Dzungaria. 7300’.

go. 300, 301, 302. Ala-tau Mts., N.W. Dzungaria.
6500-7000’.

12. Dyromys millert, sp. n.

9. 255. Bogdo-ola Mts., S.E. Dzungaria. 5000’.
9th May, 1911. B.M. no. 12. 4.1.43. Type.

Near D. angelus, but with more rounded brain-case and
smaller bulle.

Size rather less than in D. angelus. General colour above
wood-brown tinged with fulvous, more fulvous on crown ;
greyer on sides. Under surface broadly washed with cream-
buff, the edges of the upper colour more strongly buffy. Top
of muzzle greyish white, cheeks cream-buff, sharply defined ;

Mammals from Central Asia. 395

black facial streak well developed, extending from in front
of the eye to the outer base of the ear. Ears pale brown.
Upper surface of hands and feet whitish or slightly buffy.
Tail rather greyer than the body, dull drabby above, buffy
below, its tip apparently regenerated in the type.

Skull, as compared with that of D. angelus, shorter and
proportionally broader, the brain-case of the round and
inflated shape found in D. robustus, Mill. Muzzle short,
little tapering; nasals nearly parallel-sided, scarcely nar-
rowing backwards. Interorbital region short-waisted, the
edges square but not ridged. Brain-case peculiarly rounded.
Palatal foramina longer than in angelus. Bulle higher and
more inflated, but shorter antero-posteriorly.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 94 mm.; tail (? perfect) 68 ; hind foot 20;
ear 17.

Skull: greatest length 28 ; condylo-incisive length 25:2 :
zygomatic breadth 16°8; nasals 8°3 x 3; interorbital breadth
4:2; breadth of brain-case 14; combined height of brain-
ease and bulle 114; palatilar length 9:8; diastema 6°9;
palatal foramina 4; upper tooth-series 4°1,

Hab, & Type as above.

This pretty dormouse is most nearly allied to D. angelus
from the western end of the ‘Thian Shan, but is distinguished
by its shorter and proportionally broader skull, its large
rounded brain-case, and its short but high bulla. I have
named it in honour of Mr. J. H. Miller, its actual captor,
to whose help and companionship Mr. Carruthers has been so
largely indebted.

“In elm-forest in valley bottom.” The specimen was
being carried off by a crow, which dropped it on being
shot at.

13. Meriones erythrourus aquilo, subsp. n.

9. 249. 100 miles KE. of Gu-tschen, S.E. Dzungaria.
4000’. Ist May, 1911. B.M. no. 12.4.1.44. Type.

9. 254. Bogdo-ola Mts., 8.E. Dzungaria. 4000’.

A Dzungarian representative of J. e. eversmannt, less
closely similar to true erythrourus.

Size comparatively: large, larger than in MM. e. eversmannt.
General colour above more drabby than in the other forms,
eversmannit being rather and erythrourus much more sandy
or buffy. Under surface with a greater amount of slaty at
the bases of the hairs, and therefore less strongly white than
in either of the other races. Hind feet cream-buff, white in

27*

396 Mr. O. Thomas on

eversmanni. Tail with more black in it than in the other
forms, the top more or less mixed with black to the base, and
eyen the sides and lower surface with an intermixture of
black hairs.

Skull as in the largest specimens of erythrourus, larger
than in any of our Samarkand series of eversmanni. Inter-
parietal more developed in its antero-posterior diameter, its
transverse extent being about the same as in erythrourus.
Bulle very large, decidedly larger than in eversmannt.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 145 mm.; tail 144; hind foot 35; ear 19.

Skull: greatest length 42°5; condylo-incisive length 37°6 ;
zygomatic breadth 33; length of nasals 16°5; interorbital
breadth 6°7; interparietal 6x87; palatal foramina 7:7;
greatest horizontal diameter of bulla 15°35; upper molar
series 5°8.

Hab. & Type as above.

I can find no previous record of the occurrence of a gerbil
of the erythrourus type east of the central mountain-system
of Asia; but there is no doubt that the present animal is
allied to that form, though it may be considered as repre-
senting a special subspecies of it. The Transcaspian J. evers-
manni I should also regard as a third subspecies of the

Atghan form.

14. Meriones near kozlovi, Sat.

6. 238. Tur-kul Plateau, Hami Mts., Chinese Turkestan.
7000".
Lhe type locality of JL kozlovi is the Lower Kobdo.

15. Rhombomys opimus giganteus, Biichn.

g. 283 (immature). Hami, N.E. Chinese Turkestan.
2500".
?. 260, 261, 262. Manass R., Central Dzungaria.
1200’.

6- 296; 2. 294, 295. Barlik Mts.8., N.W. Dzungaria.
5000’.

Type locality Ebi-Nor, W. Dzungaria, the specimens
from the Barlik Mts. being therefore almost topotypical.

“Gerbillus”’ turfanensis and “G.” opimus nigrescens are
two further members of this group described by Dr. Satunin
from locaiities by no means very distant from the present.
The evidence of Mr. Carruthers’s series does not appear to
increase the probability of these being distinet.

yh

Mammals from Central Asia. 397

16. Mus pachycercus, Blanf.
245. Tur-kul, N. Hami Mts., N.E. Chinese Turkestan.

ext
—

3

0

@?. 253. Bogdo-ola Mts., S.E. Dzungaria. 3000’.
9. 319. N.E. of Aksu, Thian-Shan. 5000’.

6. 320. 100 miles S.E. of Yarkand. 4000’.

¢- 321, 322. Karakoram Mts., N. side. 7000’.

17. Apodemus sp.

¢. 257. Bogdo-ola Mts., S.E. Dzungaria. 6000’.
¢. 263. Manass R., Central Dzungaria. 900’.

9. 299. Ala-tau Mts., N.W. Dzungaria. 2000’.

3. 312,314; 2. 311,313. Muzart Valley, Thian Shan.

9. 318. N.E. of Aksu, Thian Shan. 5000’.

3. 385; 2. 323,324. Karakoram Mts. (N. side), Chinese
Turkestan. 8000’.

It is impossible to be certain of the species of these mice
without far more material. Some of them may be referable
to A. tscherga, Kashtchenko, and others to A. sublimis,
Blanford.

18. Cricetulus pheus, Pall.

. 232. Zairan Nor, Dzungaria. 5000’.
. 234. Hami, N.E. Chinese Turkestan. 3000’.
246, 247, 248. E. of Gu-tschen, S.E. Dzungaria.

. 297. Ala-tau Mts. S., N.W. Dzungaria. 2000’.
. 326-329. Karakoram Mts. (N. side), Chinese Tnr-

kestan. 8000-9000’.
The relationship of C. fulvus, Blanf., to C. pheus needs

further investigation.

WR SHAK

19. Evotomys (Craseomys) rufocanus latastei, All.

6- 160,170, 175,176; 2.161. Syansk Mts., 100 miles
W. of Lake Baikal. 1500-2200’.

These specimens agree closely with Kamtchatkan examples
representing Allen’s 2. latastei, but do not seem to be more
than subspecifically separable from the Scandinavian E. rufo-
canus. ‘The species occurs in Kashtchenko’s list of Tomsk
Mammalia under the latter name.

398 Mr. O. Thomas on

20. Evotomys glareolus saianicus, Thos.
3. 158; 9. 163,172 (young). Syansk Mts., 100 miles
W. of Lake Baikal. 1600’.
Described Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vill. p. 759 (1911).
No. 163 (B.M. no. 12. 4. 1. 85) the type.

21. Hvotomys rutilus, Pall.

6.164. Syansk Mts., 100 miles W. of Lake Baikal.
1600’.

22. Arvicola terrestris, Linn.

9. 159. Syansk Mts., 100 miles W. of L. Baikal. 1500’.

23. Microtus wconomus, Pall.

&. 166, 167, 168; 9. 169. Syansk Mts., 100 miles W.
of Lake Baikal. 2000’.

24. Microtus arvalis, Pall.

d. 273, 274, 276; 9. 265, 270, 272, 275. Barlik Mts.
S., N.W. Dzungaria. 5000-7000’.

@. 298 (young). Ala-tau Mts. 8., N.W. Dzungaria.
2000’.

9. 804. Tekes Valley, Thian Shan. 6500’.

Judging by Biichner’s figure of the skull, JZ eversmann’,
Pol., would seem to be either this or a related form, and not
a Stenocrantus.

Allied to Mf. arvalis, and from a locality quite close to the
present, is my recently described MM. ileus, easily distinguish-
able by its much larger skull.

25. Microtus agrestis mongol, Thos.

6. 188. Kemtchik Valley, Tannu-ola Mts., N.W. Mon-
golia. 4200’. B.M. no. 12.4.1.102. Type.
Described Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vin. p. 759 (1911).

26. Microtus arcturus, sp. n.

9. 269. Barlik Mts.8.,N.W. Dzungaiia. 6000’. 17th
June, 1911. B.M. no. 12.4. 1.103. Type.

A large brown vole like MM. agrestis, but with additional
prisms on both m! and m?, as in M. sikimensis.

Size rather exceeding that of the larger forms of M. agrestis,

Mammals from Central Asia. 399

slightly less than in M. sdkimensis. Fur of medium length ;
hairs of back about 9-10 mm. in length (summer). General
colour above near broccoli-brown, not of such a warm tone as
in AM. agrestis mongol. Under surface washed with pale
drab. Hands and feet dull whitish. Tail pale brown above,
whitish below, the two colours not sharply contrasted.

Skull on the whole like that of a large M. agrestis, high,
with well-marked angles and a long waist. Lateral pits of
posterior palate large, deep, the septum between them reduced
to a mere linear ridge. Bulle fairly large, rather larger
than in European agrestis, decidedly smaller than in M. a.
mongol, much larger than in AL. sikimensis.

Teeth on the whole as in J/. agrestis, the extra prism on

* well developed, but, as in JZ. stkimenszs, there is also an
extra postero-internal angle on m', though rather smaller than
in that species. JZ%, in the single specimen, almost exactly
as figured by Blasius in his JZ. ‘‘ campestris” (fig. 208, p. 375),
a rudimentary fourth external angle similarly present, and no
doubt equally variable. J, also about as in “campestris,”
though the three elements of the anterior trefoil are more
nearly shut off from each otlier.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 109 mm.; tail 44; hind foot 18:5; ear 13.

Skull; condylo-basal length 26°8 ; condylo-incisive length
27:5; zygomatic breadth 15°5; length of nasals 7°5; poste-
rior breadth on lips of meatus 13; height of muzzle 4°7 ;
palatilar length 14:2; diastema 8; palatal foramina 5:7 ;
upper molar series (crowns) 675.

Hab. & Type as above.

This species is no doubt a member of the agrestis group,
but shows an interesting approximation to JZ. stkimensis by
possessing an extra cusp on m! as well as on m’*, no other
true Microtus being known in which both cusps are present.
It has, however, nothing of the peculiar coppery colour of
M. sikimensis, and its bulle are much larger than is the case
in that animal,

The Chinese J, millicens, also with an extra cusp on m’,
as in J. agrestis, is in all other respects quite a different
vole, and in no way nearly allied to the present species.

27. Microtus (Stenocranius) tianshanicus, Biichn.

gd. 210. Great Altai, eastern slopes (Suok). 7000’.
dg. 221. Great Altai Hast (Chagan Kol). 8000’.
dS. 222, 223. Great Altai West (Kran Valley). 8000’.

400 Mr. O. Thomas on

3. 284; 9. 285, 286, 287, 288 (young). Barlik Mts. S.,
N.W. Dzungaria.’ 6000’.

The Altai specimens are rather smaller than examples

from the Thian Shan, with which the Barlik specimens
agree.
There is, however, a puzzling variation in size in the
skulls of the members of this group, and much further
material will be needed before the species can be satisfactorily
distinguished.

28. Microtus socialis, Pall.

3. 230. Steppe south of Tarbagatai Mts., Dzungaria,
2000’.

29. Alticola worthingtoni, Mill.

?. 258. Bogdo-ola Mts., S.E. Dzungaria. 6000’.

&. 315, 316, 317. 8S. Muzart Valley, Thian Shan.
7000'.

The Muzart Valley is close to the original locality of the
species, the Kok-su Valley, Thian Shan. The Bogdo-ola
Mts. are some 500 miles further eastwards in the latter
chain.

All the specimens agree closely with the typical series.

30. Altécola sp., Miller.

S$. 327, 328, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334. Karakoram Mts.,
N. side, Chinese Turkestan. 9000-10,000’.

Mr. Gerrit Miller has been good enough to examine the
specimens of Alticola obtained by Mr. Carruthers on the
Karakoram Mts., and finds them to be a distinct species
allied to A. albicauda. No. 333 (B.M. no. 12. 4. 1. 120) is
the type.

31. Lagurus luteus, Eversm.
6. 251; 9. 252. E. of Gu-tschen, S.E. Dzungaria.

The occurrence of this interesting species in Dzungaria
gives a striking instance of the penetration of Kirghiz
species into Chinese territories through the gap in the
mountain-chain just south of the Tarbagatai range.

It appears to me that the Lagurus group is amply worthy
of separate generic rank, its general characters, lemming-like
appearance, and especially its peculiar m3; making it readily
distinguishable from all other voles.

Mammals from Central Asta. 401

And, further, [ would separate as a special snbgenus the
American members of the group from the Old World ones,
on the ground of their rather less lemming-like form, longer
tails, and the possession of only four prisms in m3. This
subgenus might be called Lemmiscus, with Laqurus (Lemmis-
cus) curtatus, ‘Cope, as its type, the other known species
being L. pauperrimus, Cooper, and L. pallidus, Merv.

32. Lagurus lagurus altorum, subsp. n.

9.271. Barlik Mts., N.W. Dzungaria. 6000! 17th
June, 1911. B.M. no. 12. 4.1.123. Type.
9. 305, 306. Tekes Valley, Thian Shan. 6000’.

Size rather larger and colour greyer than in true lagurus.

Colour above between smoke-grey and drab-grey, the
three specimens all much greyer than examples of lagurus
from the Lower Volga and Ural. Below buffy whitish.
Dorsal lines well marked.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 100 mm.; tail 14; hind foot 15; ear 5.

Skull: condylo-basal length 24:2 ; condylo-incisive length
24:1; zygomatic breadth 14°7; nasals, length 6°5; inter-
orbital breadth 3°1; palatilar length 12°7; diastema 7-1
palatal foramina 13 ; upper molar series (crowns) 6.

Hab. & Type as above.

All the striped lemming-voles of the high lands of Central
Asia will probably be found to beloag to this greyish form,
the true lagurus being a native of the flat regions westward
as far as the Lower Volga.

33. Lemmus obensis, Bts.

6.174. Syansk Mts., 100 miles W. of Lake Baikal.
2200’.
34. Ellobius tancre?, Blas.
6. 216, 217, 218, 220; ¢. 219. Chagan Kol Valley,
Great Altai. 7000’.

6. 224, 225, 226. Kran Valley, Great Altai West.
2900’.

35. Ellobius albicatus, sp. n.
gd. 235; 2. 236. S.E. Hami Mts., N.E. Chinese
Turkestan. 6000’.
Like £. tancre?, but the whitening of the sides and belly
even more prominent. Skull larger throughout.

402 Mr. O. Thomas on

Size rather larger than in the Altai specimens of £. tancrei.
Fur very fine and soft; hairs of back (March) about
7°38 mm. in length. Face darkening, well marked, slightly
more so than in £. tancret. Buffy colour of upper surface
about as in £. tancrei, but its extent more restricted, con-
fined absolutely to the back, the line of demarcation passing
along high upon the sides. Sides and under surface broadly
washed with whitish, more strikingly contrasted than in
other species. Tail rather more prominent than usual, its
hairs blackish.

Skull on the whole similar to that of Z. tancrez, but larger
throughout, the zygomata more widely expanded. Inter-
parietal narrow, strap-shaped. Supraoccipital edge directly
transverse, not bowed forwards in centre. Anteorbital fora-
mina more open than in tancrez, the space between them
greater, and their outer edges more slanted outwards.

Incisors large and heavy, their points slightly less thrown
forwards than in Z. tancret. Molar series longer. J/* com-
plicated, as in ZH. tancrei, exceeding Biichner’s fig. 11 in
this respect.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 131 mm. ; tail 20; hind foot 23.

Skull: condylo-basal length 33; condylo-incisive length
35; zygomatic breadth 24; nasals 8°7; interorbital breadth
5-6; interparietal 1:96; distance between outer corners of
anteorbital foramina 10°6; palatilar length 18-2; diastema
11:7 ; palatal foramina 4-1; upper molar series, crowns 7°7,
alveoli 8:2.

Type. Old female. B.M. no. 12.4.1.136. Original
number 236. Collected 27th March, 1911.

This fine Lllobius may be distinguished from its only close
ally, H. tancrei, by its size and the other characters given
above. Its locality is rather peculiar, as the Hami Mts. are
at the eastern end of the Thian Shan chain, which is elsewhere
inhabited by quite a different form, while the allied £. taneret
occupies the western end of the widely separated Altai
chain.

36. Ellobius cwnosus, sp. n.

3d. 307, 308, 309, 310. Muzart Valley, Thian Shan.
800U'.

A large species with muddy-coloured underside and
squared interparietal.

Size large, alone exceeded—and that but slightly—by
E. albicatus. Hairs of back about 8 mm. in length. General
colour above deep buffy; sides and under surface washed

Mammals from Central Asia. 403

with dull soiled buffy, conspicuously different from the
whitish tone occurring in J. tanereit and albieatus. Facial
darkening medium, less extended than in 2. fuseiceps. Tail
quite short, its longer hairs buffy.

Skull large, rounded. Anteorbital foramina narrow, their
outer edges more vertical than in 2. albicatus. Interparietal
more nearly square than in other species, their antero-
posterior diameter greater and their transverse less. Palatal
foramina rather shorter than in /. al/écatus.

Incisors heavy, thrown forward as in Z&. tancrei, more so
than in #. fusciceps. Molar series rather shorter than in
Li, albicatus. M®* fairly uniformly of the shape and com-
plexity shown in Biichner’s figures 9 to 11.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 120 mm.; tail 15 ; hind foot 21.

Skull : condylo-basal length 33°6; condylo-incisive length
35°6 ; zygomatic breadth 24 ; nasals 9 ; interorbital breadth
6; interparietal 3°3 x 6°5 ; distance between outer corners of
anteorbital foramina 9°5; palatilar length 18°5 ; diastema 12 ;
palatal foramina 3°2; upper molar series, crowns 7°5,
alveoli 8:1.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 12.4. 1.139. Original
number 309. Collected 31st August, 1911.

Its dark-coloured under surface and squared interparietal
will distinguish this L/lobius trom LE. albicatus, the only other
species which equals it in size.

Two examples from the Tekes Valley, which opens into
the Muzart Valley, collected by K. Wache in 1904, also
seem to be referable to /. cwnosus, though their interparieta!s
are not quite as in Mr. Carruthers’s series. No doubt it will
be found to be widely spread over the western part of the
Thian Shan.

37, Ellobius fusciceps ursulus, subsp. n.

g. 290; 9%. 289, 292. Barlik Mts. (8S. side), N.W.
Dzungaria. 7000.

Similar to true fusciceps in essential characters, but the
general colour decidedly darker, the back “ broccoli-brown ”’
scarcely tinged with buff, instead of the uniform pale
“pinkish buff” of the Samarkand form, Under surface also
more muddy coloured.

Skull apparently not differing in any important respect
from that of fusciceps, though the incisors are perhaps a little
stouter, looking disproportionately heavy for the size of the
skull.

404 Mr. O. Thomas on

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 102 mm.; tail 14; hind foot 21.

Skull: condylo-basal length 30:2 ; condylo-incisive length
32°5; zygomatic breadth 21°6; interparietal 2°4x 7-4;
palatilar length 16°3 ; upper molar series, crowns 6°7.

Hab. As above.

Type. Old male. B.M. no. 12. 4. 1. 141. Original
number 290. Collected 23rd June, 1911.

In spite of the considerable difference in locality, I can
find no cranial difference of importance between the Barlik
Ellobius and that of Samarkand. But the colour-difference
is so uniformly constant throughout the two series that I
think it should be recognized by giving a special name to
the present form.

Besides those obtained by Mr. Carruthers, the following
two forms of H/obius would seem to deserve description :—

Ellobius kashtchenko?, sp. n.

Size almost as in JF. tal/pinus. Colour dark, essentially
as in the darker specimens of 4. cwnosus. Head not heavily
blackened. Back dull cinnamon, sides rather more buffy ;
under surface washed with * wood-brown.”

Skull, although smaller, shaped about as in £. cenosus,
the interparietal similarly extended antero-posteriorly, though
its anterior edge is more evenly convex forwards.

Molar series much shorter than in EF. cenosus. M* small,
quite simple, cylindrical or with a slight concavity only on
its inner side.

Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :—

Head and body 110 mm. ; hind foot 21.

Skull : condylo-basal length (c.) 30°5; gnathion to basilar
suture 24:5; zygomatic breadth 21°6; nasals 7:6; inter-
orbital breadth 5:2; interparietal 4x 7°8 ; palatilar length
16°6; diastema 11; palatal foramina 3:7; upper molar
series, crowns 6°5, alveoli 7°2.

Hab. Wokotj, 60 kil. west of Smeinogorsk, Tomsk
Government, Siberia.

Type. Young adult male. B.M. no. 9.9.1.7. Collected
12th June, 1900. Received in exchange from the Tomsk
Museum.

This species is externally very similar to . cenosus, but
is at once distinguished by its shorter tooth-row and its
simple m®, which is less complicated than in other Central
Asian Ellobius.

Mammals from Central Asia. 405

I have named it in honour of Prof. N. Th. Kashtchenko,
of the Tomsk Museum, to whose kinduess we are indebted
for the specimen and in whose many valuable papers so
much of our knowledge of Central Asian small mammals is
contained.

Ellobius talpinus transcaspice, subsp. n.

Size and other essential characters of true talpinus, but
tiie colour markedly bicolor as in tanerei and albicatus, thie
sides and under surface washed with white. Head scarcely
darkened.

Skull as in talpinus. M?* between Biichner’s figures 4
and 3.

Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :—

Head and body (c.) 103 mm.; hind foot 21°5.

Skull: nasal tip to back of interparietal 24 ; zygomatic
breadth 20°7; nasals 7°35; imterorbital breadth 6; inter-
parietal 8 x 6°6 ; palatilar length 15 ; diastema 10°2; upper
inolar series (crowns) 6°8.

Hab. ‘Yvanscaspia. Type from “ Sultan-Bent.” <A
second specimen obtained by the same collector at Aschabad.

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 94.8. 7.16. Collected by
T. Barey. Received in exchange trom the Branicki Museum,
Warsaw. .

The Transeaspian ///obius has the characteristic contrasted
bicolor coloration of #. tancrei, with the cranial and dental
characters of H. talpinus. Eversmann’s L. rufescens would
seem to be simply the rufous Astrachan form of talpinus,
the sides and under surtace not specially whitened. Krom
i. intermedius, Scully (if different from H. fuscocapillus,
Blyth), it is distinguishable by its less complicated m’*.

38. Sicista betulina, Pall.

d- 154. 100 miles S.E. of Minnusinsk, Upper Yenisei.
1000'.

6. 182. Syansk Mts., 100 miles west of Lake Baikal.
4000%,

39. Jaculus telum, Licht.
9. 264. Barlik Mts., N.W. Dzungaria. 2500’.

40. Allactaga saltator, Eversm.

3. 209 (young adult). Suok, eastern slope, Great Altai.
7500".

406 Mr. O. Thomas on

41, Allactaga elater dzungarie, subsp. n.

@. 250 (cld). 100 miles east of Gu-tschen, 8S.E. Dzun-
garia. 4000’. Ist May, 1911. B.M. no. 12. 4.1. 148.
Type.

Similar to true elater, as represented by specimens from
Djarkent, but darker in colour, the dorsal area approximately
“drab,” not pale buffy as in elater. Under surface more
washed with buffy.

Incisors more slender and rather more thrown forward
than in eater. Bar below anteorbital foramen much
narrower. Palate with the posterior palatal foramina much
larger, extending from the middle of m1 to the back of m?,
the transverse bridge separating them from the anterior
foramina consequently much narrower. Other cranial
characters as in elater.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 87 mm.; tail 164; hind foot 52; ear 34.

Skull: occipito-nasal length 27; condylo-incisive length
26°2; zygomatic breadth 20; breadth of brain-case 15°5;
vertical thickness of lower anteorbital bar 1°3 (1°8 in elater) ;
palatilar length 14°6; anterior palatal foramina 5°5 ;
posterior palatine foramina 2°2 ; bridge between them 1°3 ;
upper tooth series, exclusive of premolar, 4°2.

Hab. & Type as above.

42. Ochotona dauurica altaina, Thos.

3. 205; 9. 201, 203. Atchit Nor, N.W. Mongolia.
4500’.

&. 211, 213; ¢. 212,214. Suok, E. slopes of Great
Altai. 7000!.

No. 205 (B.M. no. 12. 4, 1. 149) the type.

Described Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) viii. p. 761,
December 1911.

43. Ochotona macrotis, Giinth.

9. 335,336. N.side of Karakoram Mts., Chinese Turke-
stan. 13,000-14,000".

44, Ochotona ( Ogotoma) pricet, Thos.

9. 207, 208. Mts. W. of Atchit Nor (Kobdo Basin),
Mongolia. 6700’.

gS. 215. Suok, eastern slope of Great Altai. 8000!.

No. 208 (B.M. no. 12. 4. 1. 159) the type.

Mammals from Central Asia. 407

Described Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) viii. p. 760,
December 1911.

At Mr. Carruthers’s suggestion this distinct Pika has been
named in honour of his companion Mr. M. P. Price.

45. Ochotona (Ogotoma) hamica, sp. n.

G. 242, 243, 244. 9. 239, 240, 241. N. Hami Mts.,
eastern end of Thian Shan range, Chinese Turkestan.
7500’.

Size as in O. pal/ast. General colour above of head and
body uniform pale drab, decidedly paler than Ridgway’s
“drab,” but not quite his “ écru-drab.” Under surface
broadly washed with paler drab, more or less tinged on neck
and middle line of chest with buffy. Ears drab, a tuft at
their notch whitish drab; their proectote brownish, rest of
ectote slaty greyish ; entote drab, with a brown line passing
along parallel to the edges, which latter are whitish. An
indistinct cream-buff patch behind each ear. Rump tinged
with pinkish buff. Hands and feet cream-buff, tending
towards pinkish buff on the centre of the metapodials.

Skull very similar to that of O. pallas?, but the posterior
nasal region is broader, the nasals being more parallel-sided,
the interorbital region is not so remarkably constricted, the
palatal bridge is narrower, and the bulle are larger. The
auditory meatus is also larger ; but the type of pallasi is not
quite perfect in this respect, so that the difference, if any,
cannot be judged with accuracy.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 179 mm.; hind foot 33 (range 32°5-34) ;
ear 23.

Skull: occipito-nasal length 50-5; condylo-incisive length
47°3; zygomatic breadth 25; nasals 16°7; least breadth between
anteorbital foramina across back of nasals 7-2; interorbital
constriction 4°1; parietal breadth 20°2; greatest posterior
breadth, on tympanics 25°5 ; palatilar length 192; palatal
foramina 9; breadth of palatal bridge 1:8; upper cheek-
tooth series (alveoli) 9°9.

Hab. as above.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 12. 4. 1.163. Original
number 243. Collected 5th April, 1911.

In this animal, of which Mr. Carruthers has sent an
excellent and remarkably uniform series, it is almost possible
to identify the Ochotona pallast, Gray (Lagomys ogotoma,
Waterh.), which, based on B.M. no. 45. 4. 21. 5, still remains
a stumbling-block to the worker in this group, owing to its
having no exact locality.

408 Mr. O. Thomas on

But the Hami Pikas differ so constantly from it in the
cranial characters above described, that they clearly cannot
be referred to it; and as there is no indication of inter-
gradation I cannot now call hamica a subspecies of pallasé,
although this may possibly prove hereafter to be the proper
relative position of the two forms.

Externally I can find no difference between the two
animals which might not be explainable as due to the
deteriorated condition of the type.

Mr. Carruthers informs me that there are no Pikas in the
main Thian Shan range, and from the decided Altai relation -
ship of the Hami Mts. in other respects, I think it probable
that, when certainly identified, O. pallas¢ will prove to be an
inhabitant of the Altai area.

46. Ochotona (Pika) alpina, Pall.

g. 189, 190, 191; ¢. 192,193. Tannu-ola Mts., N.W.
Mongolia. 6000-8000".

3. 197, 198, 199. Kunderlun Mts., Atchit Nor, N.W.
Mongolia. 8000".

These specimens agree very well with an example from
Tyechta, on the Katun R., W. Altai, received from the
Tomsk Museum, and nearly a topotype ot the species.

_ 47. Ochotona (Pika) hyperborea, Pall.
3S. 182* (skull only). Syansk Mts., W. of L. Baikal.
5000’.
The animal belonging to this skull measured :—
Head and body 155 mm. ; hind foot 25; ear 18:5.

48. Lepus sp.
9. 204. Atchit Nor, N.W. Mongolia. 4500’.
fg. 229 (and extra skull). Upper Black Irtish R., E.
Dzaungaria. 1000’. 2
6. 256. Bogdo-ola Mts., S.E. Dzungaria. 6000!.

XLI.—Three small Mammals from 8S. America.
By OLpFrieLp THOMAS.

Vampyrops zarhinus incarum, subsp. n.

General characters as in true zarhinus, with which it shares
the small separated incisors and all other characters of
importance; but size markedly less, the skull smaller in all

small Mammals from S. America, 409

dimensions, and the teeth much smaller. An indistinct
dorsal stripe present.

Dimensions of the type (measured on the spirit-specimen) :—

Forearm 36 mm.

Head and body 53; ear 13; nose-leaf 9:2; third finger,
metacarpal 37, first phalanx 13°5 ; lower leg and foot (e. u.)
23°5.

Skull: greatest length 20 (22 in zarhinus) ; basal length
15°8 ; zygomatic breadth 12-3 ; mastoid breadth 10°5; palatal
length 9°2; front of canine to back of m? 7; combined
length of m* and m? on outer edge 3:2 (3°7 in zarhinus) ;
front of lower canine to back of ms, 7°8.

Hab, Pozuzo, Pern.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no, 12. 1.15.1. Collected by
L. Egg. Presented by Oldfield Thomas.

Blarina equatoris, sp. n.

Near B. meridensis, but with smaller skull and teeth.

Size, as judged by skull, smaller than in B. me: idensis,
about equalling that of 5. thomas?. Colour and length of
tail absolutely as in meridensis, B. thomasi differing by its
shorter tail.

Skull and teeth essentially as in B. meridensis, but
smaller throughout.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 82 mm.; tail 32; hind foot 14 ; ear 4,

Skull: condylo-basal length 21°6; condylo-incisive length
22°5; greatest breadth 10°7; palate, length 9°5, breadth
across molars 5°8 ; front of 2! to back of m® 9°4 ; combined
length of p*, m!, and m? on outer edge 5°2.

Hab. Ecuador. Type from Sinche, Guabanda, 4000 m.
Other specimens from Mt. Pichincha, Quito.

Type. Old male. B.M. no. 99. 9.9.3. Original number
136. Collected 17th December, 1898, by Perry O. Simons.
Presented by Oldfield Thomas.

The three South-American species of Blarina are exceed-
ingly closely allied to each other. B. meridensis is the
Jargest and has a comparatively long tail; B. thomasi is
smaller, with a short tail, and with the brain-case more
abruptly swollen than in the other two; the present species
agrees in shape of skull and length of tail with meridensis,
but is even slightly smaller than thomas?.

Marmosa citella, sp. 0.

Like M. marmota, but much smaller.
General characters, including colour, length of tail, and

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. ix. 28

410. My. XR. E. Turner on Fossortial Hymenoptera.

all cranial features, essentially as in M. marmota, but size
conspicuously less. Ears larger, at least in proportion to
general size. Bases of hairs of under surface white, or rather
cream-buff, throughout, a narrow line of hairs along the flanks
having slaty bases in marmota. Muzzle of skull conical, not
contracted in front of the orbits.

Dimensions of the type (measured in skin) :-—

Head and body 112 mm. ; tail 122; hind foot 16; ear 26.

Skull: condylo-basal length 29°8 ; greatest breadth 16°8 ;
nasals 12°4 x 2°7 ; interorbital breadth 4°7 ; palate length 15:7 ;
breadth between outer corners of m? 9°2; combined length of
three anterior molariform teeth 5.

Hab. Goya, Corrientes, Argentina. Alt. 600!

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 98. 8. 19. 9. Original
number 10. Collected 25th July, 1895, by R. Perrens.
Presented by Oldfield Thomas. Five specimens examined.

This is the Marmosa which I have previously * identified
as Azara’s “ Micouré a queue longue,” the basis of Oken’s
marmota and Desmarest’s grisea. But a study of two
specimens from Paraguay (one from Sapucay and the other
from Asuncion) shows that the Paraguayan form—topotypical
of Azara’s description—is decidedly larger than that from
Corrientes, and I therefore now describe the latter as new.

The Sapucay specimen—a female—has a condylo-basal
length of 33°7 mm., three anterior molariform teeth 5°5, and
other measurements in proportion. Ears, however, only
25 mm.

XLIT.—Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera.—V IL.
By Row.ranp E. Turner, F.Z.S., FES.

On some new Species from Africa.

Tue types of the species described below are all in the
British Museum. Several of the species are from the
material collected for the African Entomological Research
Commission by Mr. 8. A. Neave, and others from the fine
collection made in the Mid Zambesi districts by the late
Mr. Oscar Silverlock.

* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xiv. p. 184 (1894), and (7) x. p. 158
(1902).

Mr. R. BE. Turner on Fossorial T1ymenoptera. 411

Family Psammocharide (olim Pompilide).

Psammochares irpex, Gerst.
Pompilus irpex, Gerst. Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 511 (1857).
2. Gerst., Peters, Reise n. Mossambique, Zool. y. p. 486, pl. xxxi.
fir. 3 (1862). oO;
Pompiius pilosus, Sm. Deser. new spec. Hymen. p. 140 (1879). 9.
Hab. N. Rhodesia and Nyasaland; Luangwa River and
Karonga (Neave); Pakasa (Se/v er lack).
Evidently a common species in the Zambesi and Nyasa
regions,

Family Crabronide.
Subfamily Peupureponinz.

Stigmus gueinzius, sp. Nn.

?. Clypeus with a strong longitudinal carina, which is
continued between the antenne and thence more finely
almost to the anterior ocellus. Eyes converging a little
towards the clypeus, the inner margin marked by a well-
defined carina. Front concave, opaque, aciculate; vertex
smooth and shining. Head much narrowed behind the eyes,
the posterior ocelli very close together and as far from the
posterior margin of the head as from the eyes. Antenne
inserted low down on the sides of the clypeus, very near the
eyes, more than twice as far from each other as from the
eyes, the flagellum very slender at the base, a little thickened
to the apex, three times as long as the scape, the whole
antenna longer than the head and pronotum combined, the
second joint of the flagellum a little longer than the third
and more than half as long again as the first. Pronotum
small, the anterior angles prominent, rather indistinctly
longitudinally striated, about twice as broad as long.
Mesonotum strongly arched, sparsely punctured, with two
longitudinal furrows on each side, the inner one reaching
from the anterior margin to the middle, the outer one very
short and not reaching the margin, the space between the
inner furrows marked with two obscure longitudinal carinze.
Scutellum with a transverse, longitudinally striated de-
pression at the base, otherwise smooth and shining ; post-
scutellum very delicately and obscurely longitudinally
striated. Median segment reticulate; a depressed longi-
tudinally striated space at the base, very short and broadly
rounded posteriorly, a small triangular, transversely striated

*

412 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

space enclosed by low carina reaching from the apex of the
depression more than halfway to the apex of the segment.
Abdomen smooth and shining, the petiole as long as the
thorax without the median Beoment: The recurrent nervure
is received at the middle of the first cnbital cell. Black ;
the mandibles and the posterior angles of the pronotum
whitish ; scape beneath, the five basal joints of the flagel-
lum, tegule and legs, except the coxe, testaceous brown,
darkest on the femora. Wings hyaline, nervures dark
testaceous.

Length 4-5 mm.

Hab. Durban, Natal.

Two specimens.

Psenulus rubrocaudatus, sp. 0.

?. Clypeus covered with short greyish pubescence, the
anterior margin almost straight, with two small teeth in
the middle. Head shining, very minutely punctured, a low
longitudinal carina from the anterior ocellus joining a
strongly elevated carina between the antenne, a transverse
carina extending to the eyes below the antenne, but very
much nearer to them than to the base of the clypeus. Eyes
separated on the front by a distance equal to about one and
a half times the length of the scape. Antennz inserted
nearer to the eyes than to each other, separated from the
base of the clypeus by about one and a half times the length
of the clypeus; the first joint of the flagellum about half as
long as the second, which is half as long again as the third,
the apical joints thickened, the penultimate joint and the
preceding one broader than long; the whole antenna not
exceeding in length the thorax without the median segment.
Anterior margin of the pronotum raised. Thorax sparsely
and finely punctured, a vertical groove on the mesopleure
below the anterior wings. Median segment rugose; the
basal area short, longitudinally striated, more coarsely in
the middle than at the sides, produced at the apex and
continued ina deep, transversely striated longitudinal groove
reaching to the apex of the segment. Abdomen smooth and
shining, the petiole longer ‘than the thorax without the
median segment, the pyzidial area not defined. First
recurrent nervure interstitial with the first transverse cubital
nervure, or in one specimen received close to the base of
the second cubital cell, the second received by the third
cubital cell close to the base. Second cubital cell less than
half as long as the third on the radial nervure.

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossortal Hymenoptera. 413

Black; the mandibles at the base, scape and seven basal
joints of the flagellum, tegule, anterior and intermediate
tibiz, tarsi, and femora at the apex, and the two apical
abdominal segments ferruginous. Wings hyaline, iridescent,
nervures black.

Length 9 mm.

Hab. Natal.

Described from four specimens.

Very distinct from capensis, Brauns, in which the antenne
are much longer aud the apical segments of the abdomen

black.

Psenulus latiannulatus, Cam.

Psenulus latiannulatus, Cameron, Sjistedt’s Kilimandjaro-Meru Exp. ii.
p. 280 (1910).

Hab. Kibonoto, Kilimandjaro (Sjéstedt) ; Kogin Sirikin,
Pawa, North Nigeria ; November (Scott-Macfie).

The Nigerian Specimen answers well to the description
except in neuration ; the second abscissa of the radius being
half as long as the third, and the first recurrent nervure
interstitial with the first transverse cubital nervure.

Subfamily Sezzcryz.

Sphex (Harpactopus) eatoni, Saund.

Sphex (Harpactopus) eatom, Ki. Saund. Trans. Ent. Soc. London,
p- 518 (110).

Hab. Biskra, Algeria, May (Haton) ; Makindu, British
East Africa, April, 3300 ft. (Neave).

East Africau specimens differ in having the wings darker
and very strongly greenish blue, and in the absence of white
pubescence on the vertex aud pronotum. ‘This is not due
to abrasion, as the specimens are fresh and the pile ou the
mesonotum aud front is not denuded.

Subfamily Parayruin».
Cerceris synayrvides, sp. 1.

@. Nigra; clypeo, fronte, mandibulis basi, scapoque fusco-
ferrugineis ; segmentis dorsalibus quarto quintoque flavo-
aurantiacis, ventralibus quinto sextoque totis quartoque apice
aurantiacis ; alis fusco-violaceis ; segmento ventrali secundo area
basali elevata nulla; clypeo acutissime tuberculato, margine
apicali transverso, quadri-dentato; oculis versus clypeum valide
divergentibus ; segmento mediano area basali transverse striata.

Long. 3U mm.

414 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial ITymenoptera.

?. Clypeus produced into a large tubercle near the apex,
the extreme apical margin nearly transverse, slightly bi-
sinuate, with a tooth at each angle, produced in the middle
into two short blunt teeth. Mandibles with a very large
triangular tooth near the middle of the inner margin. Head
very large, cheeks broader than the eyes, frontal carina
elevated and somewhat arched, continued to the anterior
ocellus. Antenne separated from the base of the clypeus
by a distance equal to about three-quarters of the length of
the scape. Vertex closely and rather coarsely punctured,
the front above the antenne irregularly longitudinally striate,
front below the antennz sparsely punctured, clypeus smvoth.
Second joint of the flagellum as long as the first and third
combined. Thorax closely and rather coarsely punctured,
scutellum shallowly longitudinally depressed in the middle ;
basal area of the median segment rather indistinctly striated.
Abdomen finely and sparsely punctured ; the basal segment
more than half as broad again as long; pygidial area narrow,
the sides convergent towards the apex, not rounded, the
base nearly four times as broad as the apex, which is very
narrowly truncate, the sides of the pygidial area with a
fringe of fulvous hairs. Second cubital cell nearly as long
on the cubitus as the third, the petiole short.

Hab. Nyasaland, Mombera district, 4000 ft., 15-19 June,
1910 (S. A. Neave).

This splendid species is by far the largest of the genus,
and in size and colour shows a remarkable resemblance to
many species of the genus Synagris.

Subfamily Bewercrns.
Bembex flavicincta, sp. 0.

¢. Flavus; flagello ferrugineo, apice fusco; macula frontali
utrinque supra basin antennarum, vertice, mesothorace flayo-
bilineato, lineis apice fascia flava conjunctis, scutello basi,
segmento mediano basi et linea obliqua utrinque, segmentis
dorsalibus apice, segmentis 1-3 macula parva utrinque, segmento
ventrali secundo macula magna mediana, segmentisque 4—6 basi
nigris ; segmento septimo ferrugineo; alis hyalinis, venis
ferrugineis ; femoribus intermediis subtus serratis.

Long. 20 mm.

¢. Eighth and ninth joints of the flagellum short and
curved, slightly produced at the apex of “the eighth joint
beneath, tenth and eleventh joints slightly excavated beneath ;
apical joint a little longer than the ‘penultimate, rounded at

Mr, R. BE. Turner on Fossortal Hymenoptera. 415

the apex and scarcely curved. Eyes parallel on the inner
margin. Basal joint of fore tarsi with six spines; inter-
mediate femora distinctly but rather irregularly serrate ;
basal joint of intermediate tarsi somewhat swollen at the
base but not subtuberculate ; apical dorsal segment narrowly
rounded at the apex. Shining, very closely and minutely
punctured, more strongly on the apical dorsal segment.
Second ventral segment with a low longitudinal carina ;
sixth with a low longitudinal carina, produced into a point
at the apex, seventh with two longitudinal carinze. Claspers
broadly rounded at the apex.

2. Colours as in the male, but the black on the abdomen
is rather more extensive, the black at the base of the first
dorsal segment extended so as to include the two black spots.
Second ventral segmeut shining and very sparsely punctured,
a little more closely punctured on the sides. Apical dorsal
segment black with a yellow spot on each side, or entirely
yellow, the extreme apex ferruginous; rather coarsely
punctured, narrowly rounded at the apex, the sides not
sinuate, without a distinct pygidial area.

Hab. Pakasa, N. Rhodesia, January (Silverlock) ; Luangwa
River and western shore of Lake Nyasa, July to November
(Neave).

Though the basal joint of the intermediate tarsi is shghtly
swollen at the base in the male it is not subtubercuiate as in
Juscipennis, from which it also differs in the armature of the
ventral segments.

Bembex kohh, sp. n.

3. Niger; clypeo, labro, fronte, antennis (articulis tribus apicali-
bus exceptis), marginibus oculorum, tegulis, segmentis dorsalibus
secundo tertioque macula laterali, quarto quintoque fascia
iuterrupta, sexto septimoque fere totis, ventralibus 2-5 fascia
angusta sinuata apicali, sexto septimoque totis, femoribus apice,
tibiis tarsisque flayo-ochraceis ; alis hyalinis, levissime infuscatis,
venis fuscis; metatarso intermedio infra lobato-dilatato, anten-
narum articulis 8-10 infra spinulosis, 11-12 infra excavyatis,
ultimo minime curvato, apice rotundato; segmento ventrali
secundo tuberculato, sexto lamina triangulari, segmento dorsali
septimo lateribus valde sinuatis,

Long. 16 mm.

Q. “Mari simillime colorata ; segmento dorsali sexto area mediali
nulla.

Long. 17 mm.

¢. Anterior tarsi not dilated, the basal joint with six
spines on the outer margin. Thorax densely punctured and
clothed with long greyish pubescence.

416 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera,

9. Sixth dorsal segment narrowly rounded at the apex,
the sides scarcely sinuate. The ochraceous marks on the
second and third dorsal segments are in some specimens
more developed and form narrowly interrupted bands.

Hab, Nyasaland, Blantyre, 3000 ft., April; Mlanji Boma,
2400 ft., May (S. A. Neav e).

Belongs to the fusctpennis group.

Subfamily Nyssowz-z.
Genus Paranysson, Guér.

Paranysson, Guér. leon. régn. anim. vii. Insect. p. 441 (1845).

Helioryctes, Sm. Cat. Hym. B.M. iv. p. 858 (1856).

Smith’s name for the genus must sink. Whether the
group should be treated as a subgenus of Nysson or as a
separate genus is a matter of opinion. There does not seem
to be any good structural distinction apart from the spme
on the hind coxz, and the absence of a spine at the angles
of the median segment.

Paranysson melanopyrus, Sm.
Helioryctes melanopyrus, Sm. Cat. Hym. B.M. iy. p. 359 (1856). Q.

Hab. Gambia (Smith).

A specimen from Pakasa, N. Rhodesia, in the Silverlock
collection, differs from the ty pein the more regular striation
of the median segment, the striz not being joined by small
transverse strie, ‘which make the segment more or less
reticulate in the typical form, in which the two minute teeth
at each angle of the clypeus are somewhat less distinct than
in the Rhodesian specimen.

Nysson helioryctoides, sp. u.

Q. Nigra; abdomine pedibusque rufo-ferrugineis ; alis fusco-
violaceis.
Long. 7 mm.

9. Front between the antenne without a carina; a dis-
tinct carina along the outer margin of the eyes. Posterior
ocelli nearly twice as far from each other as from the eyes,
which diverge rather strongly towards the clypeus. Antenne
shorter than the greatest breadth of the head; the second
joint of the flagellum as long as the third; the fifth joint as
broad as long, as are also the other joints up to the ninth.
Clypeus broad, subearinate in the middle, slightly emar-
ginate in the middle of the apical margin. Head and

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 417

thorax closely and rather strongly punctured; median seg-
ment very coarsely reticulate, the surface of the posterior
truncation transversely striato-punctate, with a small trian-
gular spine on each side below the level of the dorsal surface.
Abdomen very finely and closely punctured, the second
ventral segment flat; pygidial area almost smooth. Hind
tibize with about nine spines on the outer margin. Cubitus
of the hind wing originating far beyond the transverse
median nervure ; second abscissa of the radius more than
half as long as the first ; second recurrent nervure received
just before the apex of the second cubital cell ; first at the
apex of the first cubital cell, almost interstitial with the
first transverse cubital nervure; the second cubital cell
petiolate, triangular, the first and second transverse cubital
nervures of equal length. Clypeus and face clothed with
silver pubescence.

Hab. Pakasa, N. Rhodesia (Si/verlock).

A male from Nyasaland, west of Domira Bay, probably
belonging to this species, differs in having the median seg-
ment striated, not reticulate, and the seventh dorsal segment
rather broadly rounded at the apex.

This species differs from typical Paranysson in the absence
of the spine on the hind coxz and in the presence of a small
spine on the median segment. In the form of the head it
closely resembles Paranysson.

Nysson gregoryi, sp. n.

Q. Nigra; antenuis, prothorace, pedibus, tegulisque ferrugineo-
brunneis; clypeo, segmento dorsali primo macula magna utrinque,
secundo fascia apicali subinterrupta, 3-6 totis flavo-ochraceis ;
alis hyalinis, venis fuscis.

Long. 9 mm.

¢. Eyes very strongly convergent towards the clypeus,
the inner margin sinuate; posterior ocelli a little further
from the eyes than from each other, and more than half as
far again from each other as from the anterior ocellus.
Antenne inserted a little further from each other than from
the eyes; first joint of the flagellum globular, second dis-
tinctly shorter than the third or fourth, all the joints except
the first longer than broad. A moderately elevated longi-
tudinal carina between the antennz, the front higher than
the base of the clypeus aud narrowly truncated at the apical
end of the carina. Head rather distantly and not coarsely
punctured ; thorax more closely and coarsely punctured ;
pronotum rounded at the anterior angles; scutellum not

418 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial [Tymenoptera.

separated by a groove from the mesonotum or postscutellum,
rectangular, less than twice as broad as long ; postsecutellum
not depressed in the middle; basal area of the median seg-
ment coarsely longitudinally striated, the surface of the
posterior truncation shining, with a few indistinct transverse
striae, the angles of the segment produced into stout spines
directed outwards and backwards. Abdomen punctured,
most strongly on the basal segment, very finely and indis-
tinctly on the four apical segments. Second ventral seg-
ment strongly punctured and moderately convex; sixth
dorsal segment distinctly margined at. the sides, shallowly
emarginate at the apex. Sides of the first ventral and
second dorsal segments dark ferruginous. Third cubital
cell almost pointed on the radius, not reaching nearer to the
apex of the wing than the radius. Both recurrent nervures
received by the second cubital cell, the first close to the
base, almost interstitial, the second at four-fifths from the
base. Spines of the hind tibiz very small and indistinct,
almost obsolete.

Hab. Nyomps Ndogo, British Hast Africa (Gregory).

This belongs to the same group as capensis, Handl., and
nasutus, Cam, The cubitus of the hind wing originates far
beyond the transverse median nervure. The frontal carina
is better defined than in capensis and the antennez inserted
further apart, the posterior ocelli are more widely separated,
the proportionate length of the joints of the flagellum very
different, and the spines of the hind tibiz much less
developed. The colour of the apical abdominal segments is
also different, and the punctures on the head are larger in
capensis.

Nysson rufoniger, sp. 0.

dg. Niger; clypeo, scapo, flagello articulo primo, pronoto in medio
interrupto, tiblis supra, segmentisque dorsalibus 1-5 fascia
angusta apicali flavis; abdomine pedibusque rufo-ferrugineis ;
alis hyalinis, venis nigris.

Long. 7 mm.

g. Front produced and subtuberculate between the an-
tenn, rounded at the apex, without a carina. Anteune
inserted nearer to each other than to the eyes, much
thickened towards the apex; first joint of the flagellum
globular, longer than the very short second joint, all the
joints, except the apical one, broader than long. Eyes
strongly convergent towards the clypeus, the inner margin
slighily sinuate; posterior ocelli about as far from the eyes

Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 419

as from each other. Head and thorax strongly punctured,
the thorax more deeply and closely than the head; pronotum
strongly rounded. Basal area of the median segment
coarsely longitudinally striated, the surface of the posterior
truncation irregularly obliquely striated, the angles pro-
duced into stout spines. Abdomen strongly but not closely
punctured ; second segment scarcely convex beneath, seventh
dorsal segment broadly truncate at the apex; the apical
margin armed with four minute teeth, the lateral margins
slightly serrate. Second abscissa of the radius shorter than
the petiole of the second cubital cell ; the third cubital cell
not reaching nearer the margin of the wing than the radial
cell, second ‘cubital cell receiving both recurrent nervures,
the first at one-fifth from the base, the second close to the
apex. Cubitus of the hind wing interstitial with the trans-
verse median nervure.

Hab. Upper Luangwa River, N.E. Rhodesia; August
1910 (S. dA. Neave).

Subfamily Creapronivz.
Encopognathus rugosopunctatus, sp. n.

9. Nigra; rugosa; mandibulis basi, scapo subtus, callis humera-
libus, tibiisque anticis supra pallide flavis ; abdomine ferrugineo,
perlucido ; alis subhyalinis, venis testaceis.

Long. 7 mm.

9. Mandibles excised on the outer margin ; clypeus short,
with a median caiina. Eyes strongly convergent towards
the clypeus, separated at the nearest point by a distance
equal to three-quarters of the length of the scape, Cheeks
narrow, a carina running along the ouier margin of the eves
and continued on the poste rior margin of the hez id. Ocelli
in a wide triangle, the posterior pair further from each
other than from the eyes; a deep oval depression between
the posterior ocelli and the eyes. Head coarsely rugose-
punctate ; thorax coarsely rugose; pronotum with a deep
transverse groove between the raised margins. Postsecv-
tellum slightly rounded at the sides, longitudinally striate-
rugose, median segment depressed below the level of the
postscutellum, the well-defined basal area with four longi-
tudinal carinse, very short, the posterior slope strongly
margined and with low, irregular transverse striz, the sides
of the segment almost smooth. Abdomen shining, very
minutely a hae translucent. Neuration as in "Kohl's
figure of E. braueri. Recurrent nervure received at two-

420 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossortal Hymenoptera.

fifths from the base of the cubital cell; radial cell broadly
truncate at the apex. Comb of the fore tarsi short, inter-
mediate and hind tibize with well-developed spines.

Hab. Durban, Natal (Ff. Muir).

The type of the genus, H. braueri, Kohl, is from Sene-
gambia. ‘The colour is very different, but the structure does
not differ much. In the present species the fifth and sixth
dorsal segments are not coarsely punctured, the punctures
are slightly larger on the fifth than on the fourth ; the sixth
is shining, with sparse and moderately large punctures.

Subfamily Larriwvz.

Palarus latifrons, Kohl.

Palarus latifrons, Kohl, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxxili. p. 862
(1883). 9. Kohl, i. c. XXxiv. p- 426 (1884). 9. Brauns, Ann.
k.-k, Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien, xi. p. 407 (1898). ¢.

Hab. Cape Colony ; N. Rhodesia, Nangereri (Si/verlock) ;
S.W. shore of Lake Nyasa (S. a. Neave) ; German Last
Africa, Ruaha River (S. A. Neave).

Tachytes marshall, sp. n.

@. Nigra; albo-pilosa ; abdomine sericeo, segmentis dorsalibus
1—4 fascia lata apicali argenteo-pilosa; alis fusco-hyalinis, venis
fuscis ; area pygidiah fulvo-setosa.

Long. 22 mm.

?. Clypeus broadiy subtruncate at the apex. Eyes
strongly divergent towards the clypeus, separated on the
vertex by a distance equal to the length of the second joint
of the flagellum, which is equal to the third jomt. Basal
joint of the fore tarsi with seven rather stout spines. Thorax
very finely and closely punctured, median segment a little
more sparsely punctured. Four basal dorsal segments of
the abdomen covered with short silvery pubescence, which is
much closer and more shining on a broad band on the apex
of each segment. Pygidial area rugosely punctured and
clothed with short fulvous sete, narrowly rounded at the
apex and nearly twice as long as the basal breadth. Spines

of the tibiz and tarsi testaceous brown. ‘Third abscissa of

the radius a little longer than the second, but a little shorter
than the first; third cubital cell less than half as long
as the second on the cubitus; the distance between the
recurrent nervures on the cubitus is about equal to the
length of the second abscissa of the radius. The radial
nervure is thickened at the base.

Mr. R. KE, Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera. 421

6. As in the female, but the pygidial area is nearly as
broad at the base as long, broadly rounded at the apex, and
the third cubital cell is rather longer both on the radius and
the eubitus.

Hab, Salisbury, Mashonaland, April (G. 4. K. Marshall) ;
Lilongwe district, Central Angoniland, 4000-5000 ft.; Nyasa-
land, between Rukuru Valley and Florence Bay, 4500 ft.,
June (S. A. Neave).

This seems to be nearly allied to 7. argenteovestita, Cam.,
but is a much larger species, and differs in the details of
neuration, the colour of the wings, and the number of spines
on the fore tarsi.

Gastrosericus lamellatus, sp. 0.

®. Nigra; argenteo-pilosa; callis humeralibus, tegulis, tibiis
supra coxisque anticis subtus tuberculatis flayis; mandibulis
flavo-testaceis ; tarsis segmentisque abdominalibus apice brunneis ;
alis hyalinis, venis fuscis; mandibulis longis, acutis, basi
latissimis ; clypeo porrecto, lamellato, apice exciso, angulis in
spinis productis; facie ad basin antennarum late excisa, in spinam
acutam supra basin mandibularum producta.

Long. 7 mm.

9. Mandibles very long, slender at the apex, very broad
and flattened at the base, excised on the outer margin close
to the middle, not dentate, strongly curved. Clypeus i in the
form of a porrect lamella, longer than broad, slightly
narrowed to the apex and deeply. emarginate, the angles of
the emargination produced into spines. Face deeply excised
on each side of the clypeus as far as the base of the antenne,
produced into a long slender spine at the base of the man-
dibles ; second joint of the flagellum half as long again as
the third. Cheeks more than half as broad as the eyes,
which diverge moderately towards the clypeus and are sepa-
rated on the vertex by a distance about equal to the length
of the four basal joints of the flagellum. Anterior coxe
produced beneath ito a compressed tubercle, broad, trun-
cate at the extremity, and longer than the trochanter; basal
joint of anterior tarsi with five slender and not very long
spines. Pygidial area bare, sparsely punctured, about twice
as long as the breadth at the base : ; median segment with a
carina from the base not reaching the apex. The two
recurrent nervures unite just before joming the cubitus, in
some specimens just at the junction. The first abscissa of
the radius is less than twice as long as the second.

Hab. Pakasa, Zambesi River, January (Silverlock).

492 Mr. R. E. Turner on Fossorial Hymenoptera.

This species is easily distinguished by the extraordinary
structure of the mandibles, clypeus, face, and anterior coxe.
These characters are present in both sexes, the male only
differing in the lesser breadth of the cheeks. ‘The neuration
does not differ appreciably from that of other species of the
genus.

Gastrosericus silverlocki, sp. n.

@. Nigra, argenteo-pilosa; mandibulis fusco-ferrugineis ; tibiis
extus tegulisque pallide flavis; callis humeralibus flavo-mar-
ginatis; tarsis brunneis; coxis anticis apice spina setiforme
armatis ; clypeo apice latissime rotundato ; alis hyalinis, venis
fusco-ferrugineis,

Long. 8 mm.

9. Eyes strongly divergent towards the clypeus, sepa-
rated on the vertex by a distance not exceeding the length
of the two basal joints of the flagellum, and not separated
from the posterior margin of the head ; the cheeks narrow,
less than half as broad as the eyes. Second joint of the
flagellum a little less than half as long again as the third.
Front with a narrow longitudinal furrow r eaching the an-
terior ocellus. Thorax very closely and distinctly punctured ;
median segment very fairly rugulose, half as wide at the
apex as at the base, with a carina from the base not reaching
the apex, the posterior truncation with a median sulcus.
Abdominal segments with broad apical bands of silver pile
which extend along the sides of the segments to the base.
Pygidial area Shines without punctures, narrow, fully twice
as long as the breadth at the base and almost pointed at the
apex. The recurrent nervures unite just before the junction
with the cubitus; second abscissa of the radius slightly
variable in length, but never less than half as long as the
first. Basal joint of fore tarsi with five long and slender
spines. Abdominal segments brown at the apex beneath the
pile.

Hab. N. Rhodesia, Pakasa (Si/verlock) ; Upper Luangwa
River ; Niamadzi River (Neave).

This differs from lamel/atus and capensis, Brauns, in the
closer approximation of the eyes on the vertex, from lamel-
latus in the absence of the striking characteristics of the
head and anterior coxze, and from capensis in colour of the
abdomen. It also differs in colour from oraniensis, Brauns,
and karooensis, Brauns. In the descriptions of the last two
species there is no mention of the distance between the eyes
on the vertex, which I think Dr. Brauns would have noticed

SE ae Tee eee eee

On Heterocera from Costa Rica. 423

had the species differed markedly from capensis in this
respect. From the description of karovensis, I should judge
that it is more nearly allied to the present species than
either vraniensis or capensis.

Gastrosericus attenuatus, sp. 0.

sae Nigra, argenteo-pilosa; mandibulis (apice excepto), tibiis subtus,
tarsis segmentisque dorsalibus apice testaceo-brunneis; tibiis
supra tegulisque flavis; callis humeralibus ftlavo-marginatis ;
alis hyalinis, subiridescentibus, venis fusco-ferrugineis ; clypeo
apice subtrancato vel subemarginato.

Long. 7 mm.

9. Very near G. silverlocki described above, but differs
in the clypeus, which is subtruncate and very shallowly
emarginate at the apex ; in the slenderer form; the median
segment is three times as wide at the base as at the apex,
only twice as wide in silverlocki, the first abscissa of the
radius is three times as long as the second, and the eyes are
a little more widely separated on the vertex, though much
nearer in this character to st/verlocki than to lamellatus and
capensis. The median segment shows indistinct transverse
striz near the middle.

Hab. Volta River, Gold Coast (G. C. Dudgeon).

XLIT.—New Speetes of Heterocera from Costa Ricaa—XV.
By W. Scuaus, F.Z.S.

Geometride.
Ophthalmophora phrynearia, sp. n.

9. Palpi and head grey-brown. Thorax and abdomen
brownish grey, the latter with fine, white, segmental lines.
Fore wings whitish thickly mottled with ereyish brown, less
so on costa; inner margin white from one-third from base,
expanding gradually to tornus, where it is faintly shaded with
yellowish ; a faint dark brown line on discocellular ; a sub-
terminal dark brown vertical shade, not reaching costa, nor
extending on white inner margin. Hind wings: base dark
grey-brown, followed by a white line irrorated with silver ;
space beyond reddish buff, broadly clear on costa, otherwise
thickly covered with brownish-grey strive below vein 4 to
termen; outer space above vein 4 clear grey-brown, con-
taining between veins 6 and 7 a large black ocellus, edged

424 Mr. W. Schaus on

with buff, and containing a circle of silvery lilacine scales ;
the margin apically to vein 4 broadly creamy white, with
silvery scales bey yond ocellus, near costa, and on termen above
vein 4; some faint silvery spots from vein 4 to anal angle.
Underneath white: fore wings with outer margin broadly
fuscous from costa to vein 2.

Bxpanse 31 mm.

Hab. Vuis, Carillo.

Ophthalmophora uncinata, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax grey. Abdomen buff-grey, with pale
segmental lines. Fore wings greyish, with lilacine white
strize ; the costa bie hired a white space on inner margin
from one-third from base and not reaching tornus, its fore
edge expanding to vein 2, then upbent to Gust above 4, its
outer edge curved and shaded with pale yellow, the whale
outlined by a brownish shade; above the hook a vague
triangular paler shade on costa ; outer space from veins 4-6
also vac with brown. Hind wings: base greyish brown,
followed by a broad silvery white shade, then in and above
cell to beyond middle of wing by an ochreous-buff shade ;
below cell and fold to termen ‘whitish thickly striated with

dark grey, and an interrupted silvery marginal line ; outer
space above fold dark grey, witha short reddish-brown (omer
close to vein 6, and a large ocellus above it, the ocellus
black, containing a metallic ring, and circled with whitish
buff; large alngiers of metallic penile at costa, beyond ocellus,
and ter minally above vein 4, above which the: termen to costa
is broadly creamy white. Underneath white, the outer
margin of fore wing broadly fuscous, narrowing at tornus.

Expanse 30 millim.

Hao. Tuis.

Near O. molpodia, Dr.

Ellopia punctularia, sp. 0.

3. Palpi fuscous. Head yellow. Body yellowish buff.
Wings bone-colour. Fore wings sirrorated with black points,
suffusing in places and forming small fuscous patches,
especially antemedially and postmedially on costa, and post-
medially from veins 2-4, where the veins are shorily streaked
with black; base of costa fuscous. Hind wings with fewer
black spots, and short streaks postmedially on veins. Under-
neath slightly darker, the markings similar,

Wxpanse 27 mm, '

Hab. Cartago.

Heter wera from Costa Rica. 425

Ellopia irrorata, sp. n.

,

gd. Similar to FE. punctularia. Fore wings: the base
suffused with fuscous ; an antemedial, almost medial, curved
thick fuscous line; a heavy fuscous shade on discocellular,
suffusing with postmedial at vein 38; postmedial thick,
fuscous, slightly inbent from vein 4 to just below 3. Hind
wings: a well-marked postmedial line, angled at vein 4,
divided by a pale line from costa to vein 3.

Expanse 28 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Ellopia victnaria, sp. n.

3. Palpi grey. Frons brown. Vertex yellow. Thorax
dark grey. Abdomen white. Fore wings whitish bone-
colour irrorated with fuscous spots and points, especially
antemedially, forming a confused shade; a black spot on
discocellular ; a postmedial line, remote and thickest on
costa, inbent from vein 5 to inner margin. Hind wings
White: a black discal point ; some scattered pale brownish
strie. Underneath white, the markings similar,

Expanse 30 mm.

Hab. Turrialba.

Thysanopyga commendata, sp. n.

3. Palpi and head brown, slightly reddish. Collar,
thorax, and abdomen fuscous grey; anal hairs light reddish
brown. Fore wings: costal margin and base buff-grey
crossed by black strie; the extreme costa tinged with
reddish; an antemedial thick, velvety, dark reddish-brown
line across ccll, inset below cell to inner margin ; medial
space fuscous grey with indistinct black strie ; a fine dark
reddish-brown medial line partly shaded with buff-brown; a
small black spot on discocellular edged with white; outer
line dark reddish brown incurved from vein 8 to 7, again
from 7 to 2, forming a lunule from 2 to submedian, where it
is angled and inbent on inner margin, faintly edged with
greyish buff; space beyond outer line purplish brown, with
traces of an irregular subterminal black shade; a marginal
white line before apex to termen at vein 6, and a black spot
at apex ; inner margin from near base with very long hairs ;
terminal white points. Hind wings brown, shaded with
{uscous grey on termen near angle ; a few darker brown
strie ; a fine dark medial line and indistinct postmedial
line ; a white discal point. Underneath dull greyish brown,

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. ix. 29

426 Mr. W. Schaus on

with slightly darker marginal shades; black discal points ;
a white apical spot and tufts of long brown-black hairs on
inner margin of fore wing.

Expanse 31 mm.

@. Body and wings dull grey; white discal points. Fore
wings: an antemedial dark red-brown line, thickest below
cell; outer line defined by a dark red-brown space following
it, the inner edge following the shape of outer line in male,
its outer edge reaching the white line before apex, inbent at
termen and vein 6 to below 5, then incurved and outwardly
dentate to below vein 3, below which it is sinuous and partly
edged with whitish. Hind wings: a fine dark brown ante-
medial line; a less distinct postmedial line and a vague
subterminal shade. Underneath dull brownish grey, the
outer margins broadly reddish brown ; the white apical spot
asin ¢.

Expanse 32 mm.

Hab. Cachi, Tuis, Juan Vinas.

Melanolophia funebris, sp. n.

?. Palpi, head, and thorax mottled buff and brown, the
collar somewhat darker. Abdomen buff-brown, with some
darker irrorations and traces of a dorsal line. Fore wings:
costa for two-thirds from base ochreous with dark striz ;
base greyish with dark striz ; antemedial space fuscous,
narrow on costa, expanding below cell, crossed by an in-
distinct curved whitish line, and another line outwardly on
inner margin ; medial space wide on costa, narrowing to inner
margin, greyish in cell, white beyond and below cell, thickly
striated with fuscous ; outer third fuscous, with irregular
white patches at apex and termen at vein 3, also traces of a
subterminal white line and more distinct terminal line; all
the markings interrupted by an ochreous shade along median
and vein 3 to near termen, expanding close to cell from
veins 2-4 ; cilia black, except between veins 3 and 4 and at
apex, where it is white. Hind wings fuscous grey, the outer
margin broadly darker, with traces of fine dark transverse
lines; cilia white. Wings below fuscous grey, the outer
margins broadly darker, except from vein 3 to tornus on fore
wing; black discal spots, fore wing with white patches
beyond cell, at apex, and terminally at vein 3.

Expanse 43 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

“i

Heterocera from Costa Rica, 42

Ischnopteryx parvula, sp. n.

dg. Palpi, head, collar, and thorax dark greyish olive.
Abdomen above similar with some brown irrorations; a
black dorsal line at base, and black dorsal points on fourth
and fifth segments. Fore wings greyish olive, striated with
black except adjoining lines ; a black spot at base of cell; a
fine black antemedial line, forming an outcurve above and
below submedian, the curves inwardly edged with white;
the outer line from just beyond middle of costa fine, black,
outbent to vein 4, then lunular and inbent to inner margin,
the lunules outwardly filled with white; a faintly brownish
shade follows this line ; a vague subterminal pale shade,
whitish and dentate near costa, preceded and followed by
black streaks near apex; a terminal black line; cilia pale
pinkish with dark blotches. Hind wings fuscous: a fine
black postmedial line; cilia olive-brown tipped with white.
Underneath bone-colour, thinly striated with dull dark grey ;
the outer margins fuscous grey; the outer line less distinct

on fore wing.

Expanse 31 mm.
@. Fore wings: the antemedial line curved on costa, not

extending below cell ; the outer line interrupted, punctiform
below vein 4, with the white shading barely visible; a black
shade between the lines filling costa, cell, and space between
veins 2 and 4, to postmedial; the subterminal line only
visible near costa preceded and followed by black, a streak
between veins 6 and 7, Underneath more thickly suffused

with fuscous grey.
Expanse 35 mm.
Hab. Carillo.

Nipteria pectinata, sp. n.

6. Palpi fuscous brown. Head and thorax brownish
grey. Abdomen above light grey, ventrally white, with
black segmental lines. Fore wings whitish grey, thinly
scaled ; costal margin thickly mottled with fuscous grey; a
fuscous line on discocellular shaded with dark grey; some
dark grey striz beyond cell, and preceding the marginal dark
grey shade, which expands above vein 5 to a series of short
fuscous postmedial streaks on veins. Hind wings thickly
irrorated with dark grey strize, suffusing and forming a broad
postmedial and marginal shade; a fuscous discal spot.
Underneath similar but darker, the hind wings with striz

evenly distributed to termen; the discal spot pe the post-
9

428 Mr. W. Schaus on

medial darker, and somewhat interrupted by ground-colour
and striz.

Expanse 43 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Can be easily distinguished from other Costa Rican species
of Nipteria by whiter colour and longer pectinations of
antenneée,

Nelo tamfana, sp. n.

3g. Body above black; some white irrorations on frons ;
a small orange-red spot medially on collar, and a large spot
on shoulders ; abdomen below white with segmental black
lines; white streaks on legs. Wings black. Fore wings:
a large reddish-orange space from near base to beyond
middle, leaving costal and inner margins narrowly black.
Hind wings: a large reddish-orange spot, slightly more
remote from base, leaving the costa more broadly black, and
with a black streak on median and vein 2 ; a small orange
spot on costa before apex. Fore wings below with the
orange space paler; a white streak at base of cost a; outer
margin with interspaces at apex grey- -black ; a white streak
between veins 3 and 4. Hind wings below black-brown, the
veins darker, the markings creamy white; a costal and
subcostal streak at base; a streak at end of cell above
median ; a streak from cell to termen between 3 and 4; a
spot beyond cell from 4-6; a round spot on costa before
apex; a long streak above inner margin.

Expanse 34 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, El Sitio.
Near N. chrysomela, Btl., the underside quite different.

Ocspila eminens, sp. n.

3. Palpi and head lilacine brown, the former fringed with
white ; vertex behind, and collar in front, white; collar
behind and patagia green; thorax and base of abdomen
brownish buff; abdomen otherwise lilacine buff, thinly
irrorated with black and with fine darker dorsal tufts ;
terminal segment, body laterally, and underneath white ;
legs streaked with roseate brown. Fore wings green; a
black point on discocellular just within a buff space which
extends to inner margin before middle, and to outer margin
at vein 2, crossed by darker strie, and edged with purple
along green portion ; a similar uses: terminally from vein 4
to apex, inwardly edged by a curved purplish line ; a terminal
purplish line from vein 2-4, and terminal brown shades from

fleterocera from Costa Rica, 429

4 to apex; the costa finely yellow. Hind wings green;
some silvery white scaling at base, and a similar spot on
discocellular anteriorly ; a “broad marginal buff-brown space
from costa beyond middle to vein 4, inwardly edged by a
purplish line, oblique to vein 6, then obliquely curved to
vein 4 at termen; a similar smaller space at anal angle, and
a narrow streak on basal half of inner margin. Wings below
whitish, showing the markings of upper side in pale green
and pinkish white; terminal black spots; cilia brown.

Expanse, g 42, 2 55 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Sitio, Laguna.

LTrygodes amphion, sp. n.

&. Palpi buff, laterally shaded with fuscous. Frons buff-
brown shaded with fuscous. Collar fuscous shaded with
reddish brown behind; some grey scaling in front and on
vertex. ‘lhorax reddish brown, the patagia shaded with
lilacine buff. Abdomen lilacine buff shaded with brown.
Wings lilacine brown, the lines fuscous, the spots very dark
green, finely edged with black and then with buff-white.
Fore wings: a large antemedial spot from median to inner
margin, and an oblique fuscous line above, across cell and
costa ; a fuscous shade on costa at base ; a large spot at end
of cell, nearly quadrate, its inner edge indentate ; ; a small
spot between veins 2 and 3 at cell ; a series of coalescing
spots beyond cell from 3-8, those between 3 and 4,and 5 and
6 smaller; a postmedial lunular line ; a subterminal lunular
line followed by a fuscous shade at tornus, and from below
vein 4 to above 5, the termen otherwise shaded with grey,
especially at apex, and crossed by a straight brownish line
from 6 to 8 near subterminal; a terminal brown line, in-
dentate above vein 5 to vein 8; cilia buff-brown, divided by
a fuscous line. Hind wings: a long spot across end of cell,
and one below it to below vein 2 ; another spot beyond cell,
widest between 4 and 5; lines and termen as on fore wing ;
some scattered dark irrorations on inner margin and between
veins 4 and 6. Underneath pale brownish, buff, the discal
spots smaller, fuscous; lines more heavily marked ; termen
whiter; inner margin of fore wing whitish, and no ante-
medial spot.

Expanse 42 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis.

Dithadama angulata, sp. n.

3. Palpi and head roseate brown; vertex grey behind;

430 M:. W. Schaus on

a roseate brown fringe behind head. Tegule, patagia, and
thorax grey, a fine brownish line on latter posteriorly.
Abdomen dorsally violaceous brown; an angled whitish
shade at base; last two segments lilacine white crossed by a
segmental brownish line; lateral tufts and underneath
yellowish. Fore wings pale lilacine brown; base, costa,
apex, and termen pale grey ; basal space limited by a brown
antemedial line, deeply incurved below cell, and containing
a small brown spot on costa near base ; the grey on costa
medially entering cell; a large irregular, darker brown spot
at end of cell; flees, of a ‘postmedial darker line, chiefly
beyond cell and on inner margin ; a fine dark subterminal line,
regularly outbent from costa, nearly touching a fine terminal
brown line between veins 5 and 3, then incurved to inner
margin, separates the lilacine brown portion from terminal
space, and is followed on inner margin by an upright fuscous
streak; cilia whitish grey. Hind wings: a narrow whitish-
grey space at base, limited by a dark brown line; ante-
medial space and inner margin lilacine, irrorated with
purplish brown; a medial opalescent, semihyaline space,
nairowest on costa and not reaching inner margin, followed
by a narrow brown shade and a very regular dark brown
postmedial line, geminate near costa; postmedial followed
irom costa to vein 4 by a broad slate-grey shade, which
becomes narrower and paler from vein 4 to inner margin at
tornus; terminal area lilacine shaded with brown and
crossed by a darker brown shade, almost black from costa to
vein 4; a terminal brown line; cilia yellowish white, shaded
with dark brown at vein 6, where the margin is ‘slightly
produced and angled. Fore wings below roseate ; apex and
inner margin whitish ; a marginal broad black shade from
vein 3 to tornus. Hind wings below luteous; a very broad
black shade on outer margin.
Expanse 32 mm.

Hab. Sixola.
Superticially like D. admirabilis, Obt.

Dithadama delila, sp. u.

?. Palpi and frons dark reddish brown 3 vertex, collar,
and thorax dark grey ; abdomen grey irrorated with reddish
brown. Fore wings silvery grey with darker irrorations
from middle of costa to inner margin before middle a wavy
maroon-red line, inwardly edged ‘with whitish, outwardly
with reddish brown, which extends almost to outer line and
is interrupted by a grey ish spot on discocellular, and fuscous

Fleterocera from Costa Rica. 431

grey shadings on and below costa, and between veins 2 and
4; outer line remote, fine, whitish, inwardly shaded with
reddish brown, outwardly oblique from costa, with a pointed
angle at vein 6, then outcurved to near termen at vein 3,
and incurved to inner margin; a marginal fuscous shade
from vein 6, narrowing to vein 2 and expanding below it ;
a terminal black line interrupted by grey points at veins.
llind wings: base narrowly grey, then reddish brown to
outer line, with a fuscous-brown streak on discocellular, out-
wardly pale-edged; outer line maroon-red, irregular,
outwardly shaded with whitish; a subterminal olive-grey
shade; termen whitish, with the terminal black line as on
forewing. lore wings below silky reddish, the inner margin
white. Hind wings below whitish, with a postmedial and a
subterminal reddish shade.

Expanse, ¢, 19-27 mm.

Hab. Sixola, Esperanza, Juan Vinas.

Near LV. adela, Dogn.

Hemalea punctilinea, sp. n.

6. Body above and wings salmon-buff; a transverse dark
streak on second segment of abdomen; cilia brown with
fuscous streaks at veins ; a fine terminal fuscous line. Fore
wings: costa fuscous; antemedial white points on veins,
inwardly oblique from costa, the point nearest to it surrounded
with fuscous; a black point on discocellular ; a postmedial
outcurved series of white points on veins, those near costa
edged with tuscous; a terminal brown shade at vein 4; a
fuscous spot at tornus extending just above vein 2. Hind
wings: a black point on discocellular ; postmedial white
points faintly outeurved. Body below whitish. Fore wings
below tinged with pale salmon, the apex whitish; the
costa and termen narrowly fuscous ; a subapical interrupted
fuscous line. Hind wings below whiter, the termen more
broadly fuscous ; minute black discal points on both wings.
Expanse 21 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Polypetes albilinea, sp. n.

?. Palpi, head, and thorax dark brown; abdomen fuscous
brown above and ventrally ; broad lateral brownish-yellow
lines and sublateral black lines. Fore wings dull brown,
the veins brownish yellow ; a white medial line, inbent just
below cell at vein 2 and outangled below submedian fold; a
subterminal greyish-brown shade. Hind wings thinly scaled

432 Heterocera from Costa Rica.

smoky brown-grey, the veins finely yellowish; a dull yellow
space below cell from base to before middle, and not extending
on abdominal fold.

Expanse 39 mm.

Hab. ‘Vurrialba.

Tithraustes phaéthon, sp. n.

gd. Palpi fuscous, the base orange. Body above black ;
grey lines on frons; orange scales on shoulders; a lateral
white line on abdomen ; abdomen below white. Fore wings
fuscous, the veins paler; cell very short; veins 3 and 4 on
long stalk; faint whitish streaks beyond cell from vein 3-8 ;
before apex a whitish fascia from 4-8 cut into spots by veins.
Hind wings black ; a white space from base in and above
cell, expanding below cell to near vein 3, and leaving outer
margin broadly black, the costa very narrowly black. Fore
wings below with the white markings more pronounced.
Hind wings below as above, but the inner margin rather
broadly white.

Expanse 34 mm.

Female differs in having only a small whitish spot beyond
cell.

Expanse 42 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Sitio, Tuis.

Pyralopsis damalis, sp. n.

éo. Palpi and body above bright yellow; abdomen with a
black dorsal line on third, black spots on following segments,
increasing in size terminally, and separated by whitish seg-
mental lines; a sublateral black line; ventrally creamy
white. Fore wings bright yellow, the outer third olive-
black crossed by buff-white veins ; costa finely black ; the
yellow space terminating in a straight line on costal margin,
outcurved below it. Hind wings deeper yellow, the outer
margin black. Underneath similar, the black margin of
hind wings also cut by pale veins.

Expanse 38 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Near P. homaiochroa, Feld.

Pheochlena crocearia, sp. n.

3. Body orange; a dorsal black line on abdomen. Fore
wings fuscous brown; a bright yellow space from base to
beyond middle, leaving costa finely dark, and also space

On new Species of Pyralide. 433

below fold, which is, however, streaked with yellow on inner
margin and on submedian ; a semilyaline patch on yellow
space beyond cell. Hind wings bright yellow; the outer
margin rather broadly black, partly interrupted by a yellow
streak above anal angle. Fore wings below with yellow
space extending to inner margin.

Expanse 25 mm.

Hab. Sixola.
Oricia domina, sp. n.

9. Body and wings bright yellow; abdomen dorsally
shaded with fuscous on last segments. Fore wings: a fuscous
line from costa at three-fourths from base, obliquely out-
curved to submedian, along which it continues to near base ;
terminal space brownish grey. Hind wings: the outer
margin narrowly black, and narrowest at vein4. Fore wings
below: outer margin tuscous, widest on costa.

Expause 34 mun.

Hab. Limon.

Near O. truncata, W1k.

[To be continued. ]

XLIV.— Descriptions of new Species of Pyralide of the
Subfamily Pyraustine. By Sir Georce I. Hampson, Bart.,
F.Z.S., &e.

[Continued from p. 336. }

(7 6) *Nacoleia rectistrialis, sp. nu.

Head, thorax, and abdomen white ; palpi above and third
joint, and basal joint of antenne black ; tegule white with
black dorsal stripe ; pro- and metathorax with black bands ;
legs with brownish stripes ; abdomen with black segmental
bands dorsally confluent on terminal segment. Fore wing
white; the costal area black-brown; streaks on median
neryure and veius beyond the cell to the postmedial white line
brown ; an oblique fascia from base of inner margin to vein 2
near origin; an elliptical black-edged annulus in middle of
cell with traces of another below it and a discoidal lunule ;
the postmedial line minutely dentate, oblique from costa to
vein 5, then slightly bent outwards to vein 2, then very
oblique to middle of inner margin ; terminal area black-
brown, the cilia with a series of white points. Hind wing
black-brown ; a broad oblique medial white band with black

434 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

discoidal spot on it; the postmedial line minutely dentate
and bent outwards between veins 5 and 2; cilia with white
points on apical half, then mostly white from middle to
near tornus.

Hab. Key Is. (Kiihn). Exp. 18 mm. Type in Coll.
Rothschild.

(19 a) Nacoleia ptyonota, sp. n.

Palpi of male with the second joint angled with scales in
front, the third joint with large tuft in front; hind tibie
with large tuft of scales at extremity above ; fore wing on
underside with fans of large scales below base of costa and
in base of cell; patagia extending to well beyond meta-
thorax.

3d. Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow strongly tinged
with rufous, the vertex of head mostly white, some black
hair below patagia, the anal segment of abdomen tinged
with fuscous at base and extremity; palpi blackish, white
at base; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white,
the fore tibize with black bands at base and at extremity,
the extremity of tarsi blackish, the mid tibiz rufous above,
the tuft of scales at extremity of hind tibiz white on outer
side, black on inner. Fore wing yellowish strongly tinged
with rufous, the costal and terminal areas breadly suffused
with red-brown; antemedial line blackish, oblique to
median nervure, then erect; a black point in middle of
cell and oblique discoidal bar ; postmedial line blackish, bent
outwards and waved between veins 5 and 2, then retracted
to below end of cell and slightly excurved at submedian
fold; cilia with a whitish line at base followed by a brown
line. Hind wing pale yellow tinged with rufous, the
terminal area broadly suffused with red-brown ; an oblique
blackish discoidal bar ; postmedial line blackish, bent out-
wards between veins 5 and 2, then retracted to below end of
cell and oblique to above tornus ; a blackish terminal line ;
cilia whitish with a blackish line at middle.

Hab. K. Peru, Pozuzo, 1 ¢ type. Kaxp. 26 mm.

(20a) Nacoleia lophotalis, sp. n.

Fore wing of male with large fold on basal third of costa on
underside ending in a tuft of hair, and a fold in cell fringed
with scales on underside.

3d. Black-browu ; palpi pale brown, whitish at base ;
pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen whitish; fore
tibie tinged with fuscous at extremity; anal tuft ochreous

—

Species of Pyralidee. 435

white ; wings with a cupreous gloss; fore wing with slight
blackish discoidal point ; both wings with fine pale line at
base of cilia.

Hab. Sincarore (Ridley), 1 g type. Eap. 26 mm.

(22a) Nacoleia xanthota, sp. n.

6. Head yellow; palpi black except at base; antennz
brown except basal joint; tegule and patagia orange-
yellow, the latter brown at tips, the dorsum of thorax
brown ; pectus and legs yellow, the tarsi ringed with brown ;
abdomen dark brown slightly mixed with yellow, the
extremity and base of ventral surface orange- yellow. Fore
wing dark brown slightly irrorated with yellow ; a yellow
subbasal line from costa to vein | ; antemedial line yellow,
erect, somewhat expanding at costa; a large triangular
orange-yellow patch on middle of inner margin ; a large
quadrate orange-yellow patch on costa towards apex with
the faint postmedial line arising from its lower inner edge,
bent inwards below vein 3 and touching the medial patch | at
inner margin ; a fine pale line at base of cilia. Hind wing
orange-yellow; a brown spot at base of inner margin ;
large dark brown patches at apex and tornus, with three
small spots between them on termen; cilia brown with
a fine pale line at base.

Hab. Br. N. Guinea, Dinawa (Pratt), 1 g type. Exp.
22 mm.

(25 a) Nacoleia lophophoraiis, sp. n.
Nacoleta lophophoralis, Wileman, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1911, p. 379, non

descr.

Fore wing of male on underside with fold and fringe of
hair in lower part of cell containing a tuft of very long hair
from base of costa.

6. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale ochreous brown ;
palpi blackish at tips ; anal tuft black in male. Fore wing
pale ochreous brown; antemedial line fuscous, excurved
from costa to submedian fold ; then oblique ; a black point
in middle of cell and small discoidal lunule; postmedial
line fuscous, excurved between veins 5 and 2, then retracted
to lower angle of cell and again excurved; a fuscous ter-
minal line. Hind wing pale ochreous brown ; a small black
discoidal spot; postmedial line fuscous, bent outwards
between veins 5 and 2, then retracted to lower angle of cell
and oblique to above tornus; a fuscous terminal line and
slight dark hue through the cilia.

436 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

Hab. Javan, Fushiki (Leech), 1 g type; Sincarore
(Ridley), 1 3,192. Hap. 28 mm.

(26 a) Nacoleia subalbalis, sp. n.

?. Dark brown with acupreous gloss ; palpi black above,
white below ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen
white. Underside of hind wing white, the terminal area
suffused with brown; a dark discoidal spot and rather
diffused postmedial line excurved between veins 5 and 2.

Hab. W. Cuina, Moupin (Kricheldorff),1 9 type. Exp.
32 mm.

(27a) Nacoleia foviferalis, sp. n.

Hind wing of male with hollowed-out vesicle on under-
side at tornus surrounded by tufts of hair, the inner margin
fringed with long hair.

Head and thorax rufous, metathorax pale; pectus and
legs whitish; abdomen grey-brown tinged with rufous and
with whitish segmental lines, the ventral surface whitish.
Fore wing rufous with slight dark irroration in parts ;
antemedial line dark, erect, slightly waved, defined on inner
side by semihyaline white varying in width and with a
semihyaline point beyond it in cell; a triangular semi-
hyaline patch in end of cell confluent with a rather bifid
patch below the cell, both defined by blackish at sides ;
postmedial line dark defined by semihyaline white on outer
side, most strongly towards costa and inner margin, some-
what dentate at veins 7, 6, at vein 5 bent inwards to
lower angle of cell, then bisinuate to vein 1, where it is
again bent inwards, forming a band with the hyaline patches
in and below cell; a terminal series of dark points. Hind
wing greyish tinged with rufous, especially on terminal area ;
a semihyaline white band defined on each side by fuscous
from below middle of costa to tornus, towards which it
becomes sinuous in male, which has some blackish hair on
the vesicle on upperside; a dark terminal line slightly
defined by whitish on inner side; cilia white with a fuscous
line through them; the underside whitish tinged with
brown.

Hab. Panama, La Chorera (Dolby- Tyler), 19; Paracuay,
Sapucay (Poster), 4 ¢ type. Hap, 22-24 mm.

(27 5) Nacoleia oviperalis, sp. n.

6. Fore wing with the apex produced and acute, the
termen excised below apex and excurved at middle; hind

ee

Species of Pyralide. 437
I p=)

wing with the termen excurved at middle, the tornus
truncate. Head, thorax, and abdomen grey-brown ; palpi
fuscous, white at base; tarsi pale. Fore wing dark brown
to postmedial line, the terminal area grey-brown; ante-
medial line dark defined by whitish on inner side, slightly
oblique towards costa, then straight; postmedial line dark
defined by whitish on outer side, oblique from costa to
vein 7, then inwardly oblique; a faint dark subterminal
patch above tornus; a fine dark terminal line; cilia with
dark line through them and white tips except at middle and
tornus. Hind wing dark brown to postmedial line, the
terminal area grey-brown with diffused dark apical patch ;
a dark line defined by whitish on outer side from costa
beyond middle to tornus; some silvery-blue subterminal
suffusion from vein 4 to tornus; cilia with a dark line
through them, the tips whitish towards apex; the underside
much greyer.

Hab. Jamaica (Kaye), 1 3 type; W.Coromsia, Jiminez,
1g. Eap. 24 mm.

(27 ¢) Nacoleia excurvalis, sp. n.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen dark greyish brown, the
last with slight grey segmental rings; palpi blackish,
brownish white at base ; tarsi pale. Fore wing grey-brown
with a slight reddish tinge, the medial area rather darker ;
antemedial line dark defined by whitish on inner side, very
slightly imeurved; postmedial line double filled in witli
whitish, ob'ique from costa to vein 7, excurved to vein 4,
then incurved ; a terminal series of slight dark lunules.
Hind wing grey-brown with a slight reddish tinge; an
oblique dark line defined by whitish on outer side from
middle of costa to inner margin above tornus, some grey
suffusion beyond it ; a terminal series of small dark lunules ;
the underside grey.

Hab. Guatemata, 1 9? type. Lap. 32 mm.

(27 d} Nacoleia acyperalis, sp. n.

Fore wing with the apex acute and produced, the termen
excised below it. .

6. Fulvous yellow; head, thorax, and abdomen tinged
with reddish brown ; palpi brown; frons blackish ; fore
tibiz with blackish band at extremity, the tarsi whitish.
Fore wing with the costal area suffused with reddish brown ;

’

antemedial line oblique from costa to submedian fold, then

438 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

erect, brown points before and beyond it in cell; a black
discoidal spot ; postmedial line incurved below costa, bent
outwards between veins 5 and 2, then retracted to lower
angle of cell and incurved to inner margin; terminal area
brown, its inner edge with sinus between veins 5 and 2;
cilia with a fine yellow line at base. Hind wing with small
black discoidal spot ; postmedial lme incurved below costa,
bent outwards between veins 5 and 2, then retracted to lower
angle of cell and oblique to inner ‘margin ; terminal area
brown, narrowing to a point at tornus, its inner edge with a
sinus between veins 5 and 2; cilia with a fine pale line at
base, whitish at tips at submedian interspace.

Hab. Nicrria, Old Calabar (Crompton), 1 g type. Eup.
22 mm.

(30a) Nacoleia trichogyialis, sp. n.

3g. Fore and mid tibize clothed above with long rough
hair; a tuft of long hair from pectus at origin of fore
wing.

Orange-yellow ; palpi fuscous banded with yellow ; frons,
thorax, and abdomen with slight fuscous markings ; the hair
on the ‘fore tibia and at base of mid tibiz fuscous. Fore
wing with the costal area fuscous to beyond middle ; some
fuscous at base; a curved antemedial line; spots in middle
of cell and on discocellulars ; the postmedial line incurved
beyond the cell, strongly excurved between veins 5 and 3, then
retracted to lower angle of cell, connected with the ante-
medial line by a fascia in submedian fold and reaching
inner margin just beyond middle ; the terminal area fuscous,
its inner edge excised at middle ; cilia ochreous at apex and
above tornus. Hind wing with black discoidal spot; the
postmedial line strongly excurved between veins 5 and 3,
then retracted to below end of cell and oblique to inner
margin; the terminal area fuscous, its inner edge excised at
middle ; cilia grey at tips.

Hab. Nicer R., Warri (Roth); Cameroons (Sjostedt),
1 g type, Ogove R.,1 ¢. Hap. 18 mm.

(326) Nacoleta asaphialis, sp. n.

Dull fuscous brown, female rather paler ; palpi and frons
blackish, the former white at base; throat white. Fore
wing with traces of a nearly straight dark antemedial line ;
an indistinct point in middle of cell and slight discoidal
lunule ; both wings with an indistinct postmedial line,

Species of Pyralide. 439

straight from costa to vein 5, where it is bent outwards and
minutely dentate to vein 2, thee retracted to below end of
cell; a yather darker line at base of cilia.

Hab. Louisiapes, St. Aignan (Meek), 1 g type. zp.
28 mm.

(33 a) Nacoleia epipaschialis, sp. n.

2. Head and thorax reddish brown ; palpi with the third
joint black in front and behind, whitish at middle ; black
points behind antenne ; abdomen brown ; pectus, legs, and
ventral surface of abdomen whitish, the fore tibize brown
and fuscous, the tarsi brown with slight pale rings. Fore
wing pale reddish brown, slightly irrorated with dark brown ;
a blackish streak on base of inner margin; antemedial line
represented by an oblique black bar on inner area; a tri-
angular black spot in end of cell; an oblique black discoidal
lunule with white lunule on its outer edge ; postmedial line
black, dentate, oblique from costa to vein 3, then obsolete ;
subterminal line represented by diffused obsolescent black
lunules above veins 7, 6 and prominent lunules between
veins 5 and 2; a terminal series of small black spots con-
joined by a line; cilia ochreous white with series of slight
brown spots. Hind wing pale fuscous brown, the costal
area whitish; cilia whitish with a diffused dark line through
them; the underside dirty white, the inner half suffused
with brown.

Hab. S. Leone (Clements), 1 9 type. Ezp. 28 mm.

(35 c) Nacoleia pervulgalis, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen pale red-brown mixed with
fuscous ; palpi fuscous, whitish at base; pectus, legs, and
ventral surface of abdomen whitish. Fore wing pale red-
brown thickly irrorated with fuscous except on costal area ;
antemedial line black, obliquely excurved to submedian fold
and slightly incurved at vein 1; a black point in middle of
cell and oblique discoidal bar; postmedial line black,
minutely waved, excurved between veins 6 and 3, then
retracted to below end of cell and erect to inner margin ;
a terminal series of black points. Hind wing pale reddish
brown thickly irrorated with fuscous; an oblique black
discoidal striga ; postmedial line black, excurved and
minutely waved between veins 5 and 2, then retracted to
below end of cell and oblique to tornus ; a terminal series of
black points ; the underside paler, a black striga in middle

440 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

of cell and prominent discoidal lunule, the postmedial line
diffused towards costa.

Hab. Gouiv Coast (Johnston), 1 2, Kumasi ( Whiteside),
2 3d type. Hap. 26-28 mm.

(86a) Nacoleia lenticurvalis, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax grey-brown slightly tinged with
rufous ; abdomen grey-brown with slight “whitish segmental
lines ; palpi fuscous, white at base ; pectus, legs, and ventral
surface of abdomen whitish, the fore tibiz fuscons at
extremity. Fore wing fuscous brown, the costal area slightly
tinged with rufous; antemedial line fuscous, oblique from
costa to submedian fold ; a small black spot in middle of
cell and discoidal lunule ; postmedial line blackish, straight
from costa to vein 3, then oblique; a terminal series of
slight black points; cilia white at tips towards tornus.
Hind wing fuscous brown; a faint discoidal point ; post-
medial line fuscous, slightly excurved between veins 5 and 2,
then retracted to below angle of cell and again excurved; a
terminal series of slight dark strize; cilia white at tips
between veins 4 and 1; the underside tinged with whitish.

Hab. Venezueta, Valencia, 1 9 type. Exp. 26 mm.

(36 6) Nacoleia nitida, sp. n.

¢. Head, thorax, and abdomen fuscous with a slight
purplish gloss ; palpi at base, pectus, legs, and ventral
surface of abdomen whitish. Fore wing eupreous fuscous
with a purplish gloss and slightly mixed with whitish to
postmedial line, except on costal area; antemedial line
blackish, oblique, from below costa to inner margin; a smail
black discoidal lunule; postmedial line blackish, excurved
from costa to vein 2, then slightly bent inwards and oblique
to inner margin; a fine pale line at base of cilia. Hind
wing cupreous fuscous with a purplish gloss, the basal half
with some whitish mixed ; a small blackish discoidal spot ;
an oblique dark medial shade defining the pale area; a fine
pale line at base of cilia which are whitish at tips; the
underside with the basal half whiter, the medial shade
excurved between veins 5 and 2.

Hab. W. Coromsia, Jiminez, 1 ¢ type. Hap. 26 mm.

(86d) Nacoleia perstygialis, sp. n.

Q. Head, thorax, and abdomen black-brown ; palpi below,
pectus, and. ventral surface of abdomen ochreous white.

Species of Pyralide. 441

Fore wing black-brown with a greyish gloss; an indistinct,
rather diffused dark antemedial line; a discoidal spot; a
rather diffused dark postmedial line, somewhat oblique from
costa to vein 3, then retracted to below end of cell; a fine
pale line at base of cilia followed by a dark line. Hind
wing black-brown with a greyish gloss ; an indistinct, rather
diffused dark postmedial line, oblique from costa to vein 3,
then retracted to below angle of cell and oblique to inner
margin above tornus; a fine pale line at base of cilia
followed by a dark line.

Hab. C. Curna, Ichang (Mrs. Pratt), 1 3 type, Chang
Yang (Pratt),1 9. Exp. 20 mm,

(38 a) Nacoleia fusalis, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen yellowish suffused with
cupreous brown ; sides of frons yellow; palpi white below ;
pectus, legs, and ventral surface of abdomen white, the last
with the terminal segments dorsally suffused with black.
Fore wing yellowish suffused with cupreous brown; an
indistinct, diffused, slightly curved antemedial line; a small
blackish spot in middle of cell and slight discoidal lunule ;
a rather diffused indistinct postmedial line with some
yellowish before and beyond it at costa, minutely waved,
excurved from below costa to vein 2, then retracted to below
angle of cell; a terminal series of black strive; cilia
chequered fuscous and yellowish. Hind wing pale suffused
with cupreous brown ; a terminal series of dark striz; cilia
yellowish with a dark line through them ; the underside
whitish with dark discoidal lunule and sinuous postmedial
line.

Hab. C. Cotony, Transkei (Miss F. Barrett), 1 3 type.
Exp. 24 mm.

(39 a) Nacoleta dizona, sp. n.

3. Head, thorax, and abdomen grey-brown ; palpi black,
white at base; frons with white streaks at sides ; pectus
and legs white, the fore tibia with black band at extremity ;
abdomen with slight segmental lines. and two more prominent
bands at extremity which is blackish, the ventral surface white
except last two segments. Fore wing grey-brown with
slight dark irroration; a rather diffused oblique dark ante-
medial line; a dark discoidal bar ; postmedial line rather
diffused, dark, somewhat oblique to vein 3, then bent in-
wards to lower angle of cell and erect to inner margin, a

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. ix. 30

442 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

white spot beyond it on costa; a dark terminal line and
line near base of cilia which are white at tips towards
tornus. Hind wing grey-brown with slight dark irroration ;
an oblique dark discoidal striga; postmedial line rather
diffused, dark, oblique to vein 3, then bent inwards to below
angle of cell and oblique to inner margin ; a dark terminal
line and line near base of cilia which are pure white at tips ;
the underside brownish grey with the inner area whitish.

Ab. 1. Fore wing without the white spot on costa beyond
the postmedial line.

Hab. Durcu N. Guinea, Kapaur (Doherty), 1g, Mimika
R. (Wollaston), 1 g type, Wataikwa R. (Wollaston), 1 2.
Kap. 24-28 mm.

(43 e) Nacoleia hemiombra, sp. un.

¢. Head and tegule red-brown; thorax and abdomen
grey-brown, the latter with slight grey segmental lines and
the anal tuft blackish; slight white streaks above the eyes ;
palpi black, white at base ; fore tibiz at extremities, mid
tibize above, and the tarsi whitish. Fore wing with the
costal area to beyond middle, the cell, and the inner area to
before middle grey suffused with brown, bounded by an
oblique black line from cell to inner margin, the rest of
wing red-brown ; a black point in middle of cell and small
spot at lower angle; postmedial line blackish, straight and
faintly defined on outer side by grey from costa to vein 2,
then slightly bent inwards and oblique to inner margin ;
a series of small black spots just before termen; a fine
blackish terminal line. Hind wing fuscous brown slightly
irrorated with grey to just beyond the dark postmedial line
which is slightly incurved below vein 2 and ends above
tornus ; a series of black striz just before termen and
blackish line near base of cilia; the underside uniform
fyscous brown.

Hab. Sannvwicn Is., Kauai (Perkins), 1 g type. ap.
28 mm.

(43 g) Nacoleia scotea, sp. n.

Head, thorax, and abdomen fuscous brown with a reddish
tinge; palpi black, white at base; mid tibiz above and the
tarsi whitish. Fore wing grey-brown irrorated with dark
brown, the medial area except the upper part of cell and
the costal area to near postmedial line red-brown, the costal
area beyond the postmedial line suffused with red-brown ;
antemedial line slight, dark, erect, from below costa to inner

Species of Pyralide. 443

margin, defining the dark medial area; a black point in
middle of cell and slight discoidal lunule ; postmedial line
indistinct, dark, straight from costa to vein 3, then slightly
bent inwards and oblique to inner margin ; a series of small
black spots just before termen and fine blackish line at base
of cilia. Hind wing fuscous brown slightly irrorated with
grey ; an indistinct, diffused, slightly curved, dark postmedial
line ; a blackish terminal line and fine line near base of cilia;
the underside uniform grey-brown.

Hab. Sanvwicu Is., Hawaii, Kilauea (Perkins), 1 3 type,
Oahu, Honolulu (Perkins), 1 9. Exp. 26 mm.

(45 a) Nacoleia selenalis, sp. n.

9. Head and thorax brown ; abdomen grey-brown, with
slight pale segmental lines on basal segments ; pectus, legs,
and ventral surface of abdomen white. Fore wing brown
with a purplish tinge; a dark antemedial line, oblique from
costa to median nervure ; a white discoidal lunule defined by
black on inner side ; postmedial line dark, minutely dentate,
bent outwards between veins 6 and 2, then retracted to
below angle of cell; cilia with a fine dark line near base,
white towards tornus. Hind wing cupreous brown with a
purplish gloss; a slight dark discoidal spot with whitish
before and beyond it ; a slight dark minutely dentate post-
medial line bent outwards between veins 5 and 2; cilia dark,
whitish at tips towards apex and tornus; the underside
white slightly tinged with brown, a small black discoidal
lunule and punctiform postmedial line excurved between
veins 5 and 2.

Hab. Borneo, Sarawak (Wallace), 1 2 type. Eap. 24mm.

(45 6) Nacoleia pallidinotalis, sp. n.

Nacoleia pallidinotalis, Wileman, Trans, Ent. Soc. 1911, p. 378, non

descr.

Ochreous brown suffused with fuscous ; palpi blackish
except at base, the ventral surface pale ; fore tibiz with
blackish band. Fore wing with oblique slightly sinuous
dark antemedial line ; a small rounded blackish orbicular
stigma and a rather larger somewhat quadrate reniform
stigma with pale centre with a small quadrate whitish spot
between it and the orbicular stigma; the postmedial line
dark defined by whitish on outer side, nearly straight or
minutely dentate from costa to vein 3, then retracted to
lower angle of cell and excurved again. Hind wing with
small discoidal spot; the postmedial line dark defined by

30*

444 On new Species of Pyralide.

whitish on outer side, minutely or hardly dentate, bent out-
wards between veins 5 and 2, then retracted to lower angle
of cell and excurved again; both wings with fine dark
terminal line, the cilia dark with a pale line at base.

Hab. Javan, Hakodate (Leech), 1 2 , Satsuma (Leech), 1 2 ;
Correa, Gensan (Leech), 1 2? ; C. Cuina, Ichang (Mrs.
Pratt),1 6; W.Cuina, 1 ¢ type. Earp. 26-28 mm.

(51 a) Nacoleia leucographalis, sp. n.

Head and thorax pale grey-brown; palpi black above,
white below except at extremity; abdomen whitish tinged
with brown and with slight segmental brown lines, more
prominent on anal segment; pectus and ventral surface of
abdomen whitish. Fore wing pale grey-brown, the costal
edge darker towards base; an erect blackish antemedial line
defined by white on inner side; a small blackish discoidal
lunule ; postmedial line blackish defined by white on outer
side, somewhat expanding at costa, oblique from costa to
vein 2, then retracted to below angle of cell; cilia fuscous
with a fine white line at base. Hind wing pale grey-brown;
a blackish discoidal bar; postmedial line blackish defined by
white on outer side, oblique from costa to vein 2, then re-
tracted to below angle of cell and oblique to inner margin
above tornus ; cilia fuscous with a fine white line at base ;
the underside white slightly tinged with brown.

Hab. Sterra Leone (Clements), 1 g type; Goip Coast,
Kumasi (Whiteside), 1 3,19. Eap. 22 mm.

(516) Nacoleia atrirenalis, sp. n.

¢. Head and thorax brown slightly tinged with fuscous ;
palpi black, white below ; abdomen brown with slight whitish
segmental rings, white below. Fore wing pale brown with
a cupreous gloss, the terminal area suffused with fuscous; a
curved black antemedial line ; a black point in middle of cell
and discoidal lunule; postmedial line black, excurved at
vein 7 and between veins 5 and 2, then retracted to below
angle of cell and again excurved at vein 1 ; a terminal black
line ; cilia grey with series of white points at base followed
by a fuscous line. Hind wing pale brown with a cupreous
gloss, the terminal area tinged with fuscous ; a small black
discoidal spot ; postmedial line black, excurved below costa
and between veins 5 and 2, then retracted to below angle of
cell and oblique and sinuous to above tornus ; a terminal
black line; cilia white with a black line near base.

Hab. Paracvay, Sapucay (Foster), 2 ¢ type. Exp. 26mm.

(‘To be continued. |

New Shells from Cape Colony, &e. 445

XLV.—Deseriptions of a new Lelicoid Land-Shell from
Cape Colony and a new Succinea from the Zambezi Raver.

By H. B. Presron.

Vatalina o’connort, sp. n.

Shell imperforate, globosely turbinate, very thin, trans-
parent, pale greenish brown; whorls 34, the last large,
convex, marked with rather coarse growth-plice and sculp-
tured with wavy spiral lines crossed by very fine transverse
striz, thus presenting a slightly decussate appearance ; suture
very narrowly channelled, amber-coloured ; columella almost
vertically descending abeve, somewhat oblique below; labrum
simple ; aperture roundly ovate.

Alt. 8°25, diam. maj. 11, diam. min. 9°25 mm.

Aperture: alt. 6°75, diam. 5°5 mm.

Hab. Ceres District, Cape Colony, on the trunks of
eucalyptus-trees (HZ. J. O’ Connor).

segs

Natalina o'connor. Succinea connolly?.

Suceinea connollyt, sp. n.

Shell elongately rhomboidal, moderately thin, with obtuse
apex, polished, shining, pale brownish-amber colour; whorls
3, rapidly increasing, the last very long, marked with irre-
gular and rather coarse growth-lines, crossed, especially
towards the later portion of the last whorl, by scratch-like
horizontal strize ; suture impressed ; columella descending in
a slight curve and diffused above into a coarse, narrow, well-
defined callus which reaches the upper margin of the labrum ;
Jabrum simple, slightly dilated below and contracted towards
its uppermost limit ; aperture elongately ovate ; interior of
shell slightly iridescently nacreous.

Alt. 16, diam. maj. 7°5, diam. min. 5°25 mm.

Aperture: alt. 12, diam. 6 mm.

Hab. Victoria Falls, Zambezi River (J/. Connolly).

446 Mr. G. Meade- Waldo on

XLVI.—An Enumeration of the Hymenoptera (Families
Vespide, Apide, and 'Tenthredinide) collected in Dutch
New Guinea by the Expedition of the British Ornithologists’
Union. By Grorrrey MEADE-WALDO, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE three families dealt with in the following paper are
represented by thirty-two species, five of which are described
as new. The genus Jcaria, to which all five belong, appears
to be very strongly represented in New Guinea, no less than
nine of the fourteen species of Vespide, subfamily Vespine,
collected, falling into it. As will be gathered from the
localities, all of which are in river-valleys, the species must
be regarded as lowland forms. Mr. A. F. R. Wollaston, the
collector of all the Hymenoptera taken during the Expe-
dition, is to be congratulated on the fine condition of the
specimens. The whole collection here enumerated, including
the types of the new species, is in the British Museum.
All measurements of length are from the front of the head to
the apex of the second abdominal segment.

Family Vespidz, Latr.
Subfamily Humuenzrprv#, D. T.
EuMENES, Latr.
1. Humenes arcuata, F.
Eumenes arcuata, F. Syst. Entom. p. 871. no. 40 (1775).
1 3,2 ?, Wataikwa River; August, September, 1910.

Three examples of the typical form, which occurs through-
out the Eastern Archipelago.

2. Humenes agillima (Smith), D. T.

Eumenes agilis, Smith, Journ. Proc. Linn, Soc., Zool. iy. Suppl. p. 127.
no. 7 (1860).

4 9, Mimika River; July 1910.
Described from Amboyna; also recorded from Ceram

(Wallace).
RHYNCHIUM, Spin.

3. Rhynchium hemorrhoidale, F., subsp. medium, Maindron.

Rhynchium hemorrhoidale, F., subsp. medium, Maindron, Ann. Soc.
Ent. France, (6) ii. p. 278 (1882), pl. v. fig. 1.

4 9, Mimika River; July 1910.

Hymenoptera from Dutch New Guinea. 447

Opyrnerus, Latr.

4. Odynerus (Lionotus) sp.
1 2, Mimika River; July 1910.

This single specimen belongs to the subgenus Lionotus
and closely resembles O. confluentus, Sm., in coloration.
There are structural differences which make it impossible to
consider it as a variety, and it would thus be better to leave
the species unnamed for the present.

Subfamily Vusprvz, D. T.
IScHNOGASTER, Guérin.

5. Ischnogaster fulgipennis, Guér.
Ischnogaster fulyipennis, Guér., Duperrey, Voy. ‘ Coquille,’ Zool. vol. ii.
pt. 2, p. 269, pl. ix. fig. 9 (1839).
1 ¢, Mimika River, July 1910; 1 $, Wataikwa River,
August 1910.

6. Ischnogaster tridipennis, Smith.

Ischnogaster tridipennis, Sm. Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc., Zool. iii. p. 166,
no. 1 (1853).

1 ¢, Mimika River; August 1910.
Also recorded from Mysol and Aru (Wallace).

IcARIA, Sauss.

The species of Jcarza do not seem to vary much in colour
or size, unlike Polistes, in which both of these characters
vary extensively. All the five species here described as new
have the clypeus of the typical form for the genus, ¢. e. short,
broad, and produced to a point at the apex, so that it has not
been considered necessary to refer to it in the detailed
descriptions.

The subgenera, adopted by Dalla Torre in the ‘Genera
Insectorum,’ Fam. Vespide, have been used for the dis-
crimination of the new species.

7. Icaria conservator, Smith.

Icaria conservator, Smith, Journ, Proc. Linn. Soce., Zool. iv. Suppl.
p- 130, no. 1 (1860)

8 &, from Mimika River ; July and August 1910.

‘he whole series of this species in the Museum is from

448 Mr. G. Meade-Waldo on

New Guinea, but Polybia limatula, Sm., which is synony-
mous with the above (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) vol. vii.
p. 100, 1911), was described from Mysol and is in the Oxtord
University Museum.

8. Icaria australis, Sauss.
Icaria australis, Sauss. Etud. fam. Vesp. ii. p. 24. no. 2, pl. xxxiv. fig. 5
(1853).
The single specimen from Mimika River, July 1910,
agrees well with Saussure’s figure.

9, Icaria maculiventris, Guérin.

Rhopalidia maculiventris, Guérin, Duperrey, Voyage de la ‘ Coquille,’
Zool. vol. ii. pt. 2, p. 266, pl. ix. fig. 8 (1839).

5 %, Mimika River; July and August 1910.

All these specimens have the second abdominal tergite
almost entirely yellow, as mentioned by Du Buysson (Abhandl.
der Senckenb. naturforsch. Gesell. Bd. xxxiv. Heft 2, p. 229,
1911). There are other specimens in the British Museum
from Aru and Borneo.

Guérin’s type was from Dorey, New Guinea, not Australia
as given by Dalla Torre in the ‘ Genera Insectorum,’ Fam.

Vespide.

10. Icaria spilostoma, Cam.
7 >

Icaria spilostoma, Cam. Nova Guinea, v. 1, p. 62 (1906).

3 8%, Mimika River; July and August 1910.
Cameron’s type, which is in the British Museum, is from
Manokwari, in New Guinea.

Key to the new Specetes of Icaria here described.

A. Abdominal segment 2 broader than long.
(Icariastrum, D. TY.)
a; Wines ,topally fuscots’ ¢hfigas cals faut: wollastont, sp. n.
6, Wings hyaline, slightly fuscous along the
costa,
a’, Truncation of median segment smooth
and shining, lateral angles produced to
form "bWO BPINCSEt < as tu pubes sce aaa bispinosa, sp. n.
+, Truncation of median segment finely
punctured, clothed with grey pubescence,
lateral angles bluntly rounded ........ mimike, sp. D.
B. Abdominal segment 2 longer than broad.
(Ieariola, D. T.)

Tymenoptera from Dutch New Guinea. 449

a. Petiole elongate, widening gradually towards

MUNG ine yup Ss eC Ge uies «pris » semihyalinata, sp. n.
b. Petiole unarmed, widening abruptly towards
b ‘ ~ rr
MIE A Witidialu wie sh sichdalaeie hiatswd we o's cle sad Jluviatilis, sp. na.

11. Learia (Icariastrum) wollastoni, sp. n.

%. Niger ; clypeo apice mandibulisque basi flavo-maculatis, margine
interiore oculorum maculaque bilobata interantennali flavis,
abdominis segmentis 2-6 flavo-fasciatis, petiolo apice lateribus
flavo-maculato; capite (préecipue postoculos) thoraceque cano-
pubescentibus ; segmento mediano concave truncato ; alis fuscis.

Black ; two ovate marks on clypeus at apex, a small mark
on the mandibles at base, a bilobed spot between the an-
tennze, a line along the inner margin of the eyes, a line on
the apex of petiole laterally, and the apical margins of abdo-
minal segments 2-6 deep yellow. Wings deep fuscous.
Head rather broader than thorax, a blunt tubercle between
the antenne at base. Prothorax truncate anteriorly, some-
what sloping posteriorly, scutellum with a shallow longitu-
dinal depression, median segment with the dorsal surface of
the truncation excavated medially, the lateral angles bluntly
rounded; petiole cup-shaped, widening abruptly towards
apex.

Head and thorax finely, abdomen rather more closely
punctured, the truncation of the median segment within the
excavated area, impunctate. Head and thorax covered with
a short dense pubescence, densest on face and clypeus and
behind the eyes, pubescence on clypeus appearing golden
when viewed from above.

Length 123 mm.

Hab. Mimika River, July 1910; 4 8.

‘This fine species is most closely allied to Z. maculiventris,
Guérin, but may be readily separated from it by the colour
of the wings, which are dark fuscous, not hyaline as in that
species, and by the colour-marking of the abdomen.

I have pleasure in naming this species after my friend
Mr. A. F. R. Wollaston, who collected all the Hymenoptera
brought home by the Expedition.

12. Icaria (Icariastrum) bispinosa, sp. n.

%. Niger, griseo-punctatus; mandibulis macula flava basi minuta,
abdominis segmentis flayo-fasciatis ; pronoto petioloque lateribus
ferrugineis ; alis hyalinis.

Black ; with two small elongate marks on the mandibles

450 Mr. G. Meade- Waldo on

at base, two small spots between the antenne, yellow, all the
abdominal segments both dorsally and ventrally with yellow
apical fasciee. Flagellum beneath apically, pronotum and
petiole laterally marked with ferruginous. Wings hyaline.

Head rather broader than thorax, anterior margin of the
prothorax truncate, scutellum with a shallow longitudinal
furrow, median segment truncate, excavated medially on the
dorsal surface, the lateral angles produced to form two spines.
Petiole with two small medio-lateral tubercles, slender at
base, widening abruptly towards the apex, which is flattened
above.

Head, clypeus, mandibles, and abdomen very finely, thorax
rather more coarsely punctured, the area immediately sur-
rounding the insertion of the antenne, and the surface of the
truncation of the median segment, shining, impunctate.

The whole more or less covered with a greyish pubescence,
most conspicuous on the vertex and the terminal segments of
the abdomen.

Length 103 mm.

Hab. Mimika River, July and August 1910; 4 &.

‘This species comes very near J. spilostoma, Cam., but
differs in having all the abdominal segments with apical
yellow fascia, whereas in J. spzlostoma the second segment
alone is so coloured.

13. Lcaria (Icariastrum) mimike, sp. n.

%. Niger, griseo-punctatus; mandibulis, clypeo partim, antennis
infra, margine interiore oculorum, pronoto antice, abdominis
segmento secundo fascia apicali supra, segmento sexto omnino,
tibiis tarsisque anticis, ochraceo-testaceis; scapo, propleuris,
tegulis fusco-ferrugineis ; alis hyalinis, costa cellulaque radiali
infuscatis. Plus minusve punctatus ; segmento mediano dense,
capite, thorace, abdomine, sparse pilosis.

Black ; two marks on clypeus at apex, mandibles, a line
along the inner margin of the eyes, the antennz beneath,
anterior margin of the pronotum, a fascia on the apical margin
of the second abdominal segment ochraceo-testaceous. Abdo-
minal segments 3-5 with very faint apical fascize, abdominal
segment 6 totally testaceous. Wings hyaline, fuscous along
the costa and in the radial cell. Scapeabove, propleure, and
tegule fusco-ferruginous.

Head considerably broader than pronotum, which widens
posteriorly, scutellum and postscutellum prominent, median
segment truncate, excavated medially, lateral angles bluntly
rounded.

Hymenoptera from Dutch New Guinea. 451

Petiole slender at base, widening abruptly at apex, flat
beneath. Punctured, head and thorax for the most part
rather coarsely, the abdomen more finely.

The area behind the eyes adjoining the mandibles and the
postscutellum beneath shining, impunctate.

The whole clothed with short sparse golden pubescence,
except the median segment, which is covered with a dense
silvery pile.

Length 11 mm.

Hab. Mimika River; August 1910.

14. Icaria (Icariola) semthyalinata, sp. n.

%. Niger, gracilis; mandibulis clypeoque basi, scapo infra, linea
brevi margine interiore oculorum, abdominis segmentis 2-6 fasclis
apice ochraceis; tibiis omnino, tarsis plerumque ochraceis ;
prothorace tegulisque ferrugineis ; alis fusco-hyalinis.

Black ; mandibles at base, two spots on the clypeus at
apex, the scape beneath, short lines on the inner margins of
the eye, and apical fasciz on abdominal segments 2-6
ochraceous yellow. Prothorax and tegule ferruginous ;
wings fusco-hyaline. Prothorax narrow anteriorly, widening
towards the tegule, median segments truncate, medially
excavated ; petiole slender, gradually widening towards apex,
armed medio-laterally with two small tubercles.

Punctured, the vertex and disc of mesonotum minutely,
abdominal segments 2-6 rather more coarsely, the remainder
impunctate. Clothed with greyish-white pubescence.

Length 94 mm.

Hab. Mimika River, July 1910; 1 2.

15. Icaria (Icariola) fluviatilis, sp. n.

%. Niger; maculis duabus clypeo, margine interiore oculorum,
linea postoculari, abdominis segmentis apice fasciis, flavis ; tibiis
tarsisque anterioribus infra ferrugineis; alis hyalinis, costa
cellulaque radiali pallide fuscis.

Black ; two spots on the clypeus, the inner margin of the
eyes, a long narrow line behind them, and all the abdominal
segments (that on the petiole interrupted medio-dorsally)
with narrow apical fasciz yellow. Wings hyaline, somewhat
fuscous along the costa, in the radial cell, and at the tip.

Head as broad as thorax ; thorax short, massive, the pro-
thorax truncate anteriorly ; median segment truncate, the
surface of the truncation hardly excavated. Petiole short,
widening abruptly towards the apex, with no lateral tubercles.

452 Mr. G. Meade-Waldo on

Head (except clypeus and mandibles), thorax, and abdomen
very finely punctured. Covered with a short, greyish, incon-
spicuous pubescence.

Length 9 mm.

Hab. Mimika River, August 1910; 1 &.

PouisTEs, Latr.

16. Polistes nigrifrons, Smith.

Polistes nigrifrons, Smith, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soe., Zool. iii. 168. no. 4
(1858).

1 ¢, Mimika River; July 1910.
Smith reports it from Waigiou and Aru (Wallace).

17. Polistes sp.

18. Polistes variabilis, F.
Polistes variabilis, F, Spee. Insect. 1. p. 466, no. 46 (1781).

1 2, Wataikwa River; August 1910.

An Australian species—Queensland : Inkerman, near
Townsville (W. Stalker) ; Mackay (Turner); Port Darwin
and Bathurst Island (J. 4. Walker).

19. Polistes tepidus, F.
Polistes tepidus, F, Syst. Entom. p. 366. no. 17 (1775).

3%, Mimika River; July and August 1910.

Australia: Queensland (var. facilis, Sauss.), Cooktown,
Cairns, and Mackay (Turner) ; Victoria (French) ; Darnley
Island ; Lizard Island. New Guinea, Manokwari ( Wich-
mann); New Pomerania (fibbe) (race nove-pomeranie,
Schulz); Solomon Islands (W. W. Froggatt) ; Key Island,
Aru, Bachian, Waigiou (Wallace).

Vespa, L.
20. Vespa cincta, F., var. affinis, F.

Vespa cincta, F., var. affinis, F. Mant. Ins. 1. p. 287. no. 2 (1787).

2 8, Wataikwa River; August 1910.
Widely distributed throughout the Eastern Archipelago.

Hymenoptera from Dutch New Guinea. 453

Family Apide, Leach.
Subfamily Anrzreyryx.

21. Nomia sp.

Hab, Wataikwa River, August 1910; 2 ¢.
This may possibly be a new species, but it is not advisable
to describe the species of this genus from males alone.

Subfamily Poparrremyz.
ANTHOPHORA, Latr.
22. Anthophora zonata, L.
Anthophora zonata, L. Syst. Nat. no. 15, p. 576 (1758).

1 ?, Mimika River; August 1910.

23. Anthophora sp.

There are four males and two females of a species of
Anthophora from the Mimika and Wataikwa Rivers, July
and August 1910.

Possibly they are colour-varieties of A. conata, with the
abdominal fasciz greenish white.

Subfamily Nomaprvx.
CROCISA, Jurine.
24, Crocisa ceruleifrons, Kirby.
Crocisa cerulerfrons, Kirby. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 343 (1883).

6 ¢, Mimika River; July 1910.

Kirby described this handsome species from Maroe, Timor-
Laut (H. VU. Forbes) ; it has also been received from Mackay,
N. Queensland (Turner).

Subfamily Meeacurzirz.
MEGACHILE, Latr.
25. Megachile albiceps, Friese.
Megachile albiceps, Friese, Zeitschr. Hym. Dipt. iii. p. 243 (1903).

A 2, Mimika River; July 1910.
Described from Goram.

454 On Hymenoptera from Dutch New Guinea.

26. Megachile nidulator, Smith.
Megachile nidulator, Sm. Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc., Zool. viii. p. 92. no. 4
(1864).
4 9, Mimika River; July 1910.
Described from New Guinea.

27. Megachile malayana, Cam.
Megachile malayana, Cam. Proc, Zool. Soc. Lond. ii. p. 245 (1901).

1 ¢, Mimika River; July 1910.

This specimen agrees with Cameron’s type from New
Guinea in all essential characters, but is larger and has the
anterior tarsi black, not pale testaceous.

Subfamily Arm.
Me rpona, Il.

28. Melipona preterita, W\k.
Melipona preterita, Wik. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) v. p. 305 (1860).

3 9, Mimika and Wataikwa Rivers; July and August,
1910.

This appears to be a fairly widely spread species, occurring
in Burma and Ceylon (Bizgham), Singapore (Ridley), and is
recorded from Etna Bay and Merauke by Friese (‘ Nova
Guinea,’ v. 2, p. 355, 1908) among the collection formed by
the Wichmann Expedition.

29, Melipona planifrons, Smith.
Melipona planifrons, Sm. Journ. Proc. Linn. Soe., Zool. vill. p. 93.
no. 2 (1864).

2 2, Mimika River; July 1910.

As Friese notes in his account of the Apide captured on
the Wichmann Expedition, this species appears to be confined
to New Guinea. There are specimens in the British Museum
from the Charles Louis Mountains (Dutch New Guinea) and
from Dorey ( Wallace).

30. Melipona sp.

4 9, Mimika and Wataikwa Rivers, July and August
1910; Iwaka River, February 1911.

Cr

On a new Species of Melolonthid Beetle. 45

Family Tenthredinida.
Subfamily Lorurripry-z.
ANCYLONEURA, Cam.

31. Ancyloneura nigripes, Smith,

Cryptocampus nigripes, Smith, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc., Zool. y. p. 186
(1861).

1 2, Mimika River; August 1910,
Described from New Guinea.

32. Ancyloneura sp.
1 9, Iwaka River; February 1911.

XLVII.—On a new Species of Melolonthid Beetle (Phytalus
smithi) destructive to Sugar-cane. By Gripert J.
ARROW.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE beetle here described has recently appeared in enormous
numbers in Mauritius, where its presence was discovered for
the first time by the very serious damage to the roots of the
cane-crops caused by its subterranean larve. The first
account of it was given by M. d’Kmmerez de Charmoy in an
official Report issued by the Government of the Colony and
dated 7th Aug., 1911. The insect was provisionally attri-
buted to Schizonycha, of which two species have been cata-
logued as natives of the Madagascan region ; but specimens
referred to me for accurate determination showed it to belong
not to that Old-World genus, but to the American Phytalus.
Leventually found three specimens labelled ‘ Trinidad” in
the British Museum, which, although of small size and in
bad preservation, undoubtedly belong to the same species.
I failed, however, to find any record of such an insect being
known to West-Indian entomologists, and as Mr. Guy
Marshall, of the Entomological Research Committee, was
visiting the islands, he kindly undertook to make an effort
to find it, taking specimens sent to me from Mauritius for
comparison. In this he was quite successful, discovering the
beetle and larva at the roots of cane-stumps in Barbados, the

456 Mr. G. J. Arrow on a

Jarve being in considerable numbers in company with those
of a weevil, Diaprepes.

Amongst a quantity of the two larvee brought back in
spirit by Mr. Marshall I found one of the Lamellicorn to the
thorax of which was firmly attached externally a tiny grub,
apparently that of a Hymenopterous parasite, in the manner
described by Fabre as characteristic of the Scoliide. This is

Phytalus smithi (a, male, enlarged), with hind leg of male (4) and
female (c) and the larva (d), magnified 3 diameters.

the family of Solitary Wasps of which Lamellicorn larve are
the special prey, the female wasp depositing an egg upon the
victim after paralyzing it with her sting, and her offspring
burying its head in the motionless body and gradually
reducing it to an empty skin, beside which it forms its own
cocoon. Mr. Marshall happens to have seen a female Scolia
(S. (Dielis) dorsata, F.) examining the ground in a cane-
field in Barbados, and in all probability this species syste-
matically preys upon the Phytalus, and it is due to it that no
great damage has been done by the latter, although sugar is

7

or

new Species of Melolonthid Beetle. 4

a highly important crop in the island. The beetle is little
known there, and its depredations have attracted no notice.
On the other hand, its enormous multiplication in Mauritius
is explained by its having gained an entrance to an island
where its natural enemy is absent. An allied species of
Scolia (S. (Dielis) rufa, Lep.) is known to exist in Mauritius,
but has evidently not attacked the invader.

Another useful agent in reducing the beetles in Barbados
is the so-called blackbird (Quiscalus), which rapidly clears the
cane-stumps of the larve when uprooted. The birds eagerly
follow the men so engaged, but are not able to reach the
insects beneath the ground.

Mr. Marshall failed to find any specimen of the Phytalus
in the collections made in Trinidad by Messrs. Urich and
Guppy, nor did he see it in any island which he visited
except Barbados ; but it may yet be found to inhabit other
islands or the mainland of America.

Previous to finding the specimens labelled “ Trinidad,” I
had ascertained that cane-cuttings were imported into
Mauritius from Demerara and the West Indies; but my
opinion that the insect had been imported from that region
was not at first accepted by M. de Charmoy, who considered
it improbable, since the imported cuttings are packed in
charcoal. It can hardly be doubted, however, that my
explanation was the true one, and that a few specimens
accidentally imported, probably several years ago, and multi-
plying unchecked, were the progenitors of the millions now
ravaging the crop.

The outbreak was first noticed in the vicinity of the Royal
Botanical Gardens at Pamplemousses, and was reported to
affect 30 acres of plantations; but at the date of the
Report of the Director of Forests and Gardens in August
last it was found that 300 acres had been affected and, in a
letter to me in the following October, M. d’Emmerez de
Charmoy records that 2,000,000 larvee had been collected
and as many as 80,000 adult beetles were destroyed in a
single night. Between August and January it was calculated
that over 27,000,000 had been destroyed.

The eggs are laid in the soil during three months of the
year, the female laying from one to ten every two or three
nights until from forty to sixty in all have been deposited.
They hatch in a period of from nine to twenty-two days,
according to temperature, and the young larve are reported
by M. de Charmoy to feed at first upon the organic matter in
the soil itself and later upon the roots of the cane. As many
as 50 or 60 grubs have been found in a single stump, the

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. ix. 31

458 On a new Species of Melolonthid Beetle.

roots being then completely destroyed. They are capable of
moving from place to place, and a single hole has been
repeatedly cleared of them at short intervals. They are
found from 4 to 12 inches below the surface of the ground.
The larva when full-grown is about 25 mm. in length, with the
head large, the succeeding (thoracic) segments wider and the
abdominal segments narrower. Previous to pupation it forms
an elliptical cell in the soil. The beetle emerges in August.
It is nocturnal in its habits, remaining concealed beneath the
ground by day and flying at night to feed upon the leaves of
trees and shrubs. It does not appear to eat the leaves of
sugar-cane, but is believed to have a special liking for those
of Liberian coffee. ‘The life-cycle is believed to be completed
ina year. These particulars are taken from M. de Charmoy’s
official report and from his letters to me.
The specific characters of the beetle are as follows :—

Phytalus smith,

Lete rufus, elytris, abdomine femoribusque fulvis, cylindricus sat
elongatus, nitidus, corpore subtus breviter et rare piloso; capite
haud magno, omnino rugose punctato, clypeo brevi bilobato, a
fronte sulco profundo diviso; antennis utriusque sexus similibus,
9-articulatis, articulis 2-6 brevibus, clava brevissima; pronoto
modice brevi, sat grosse punctato, lateribus fere obsolete crenatis,
medio fortiter curvatis, haud angulatis, antice rectis, contractis,
angulis omnibus obtusis ; scutello punctato; elytris fortiter crebre
punctatis, costa suturali sat lata, fere levi, aliaque dorsali obliqua
obsoleta; pygidio eodem modo crebre punctato; corpore subtus
crebre subtilius punctato, sed medio fere levi; prosterno postice
medio bidentato.

Long. 14-17°5 mm.; lat. 7-9 mm.

It is of the tawny-red colour of the common P. obsoletus,
Bl., and many other species, the head, prothorax, and scu-
tellum being of a deeper red than the other parts, smooth
and rather shining, with only very short and scanty hairs
upon the lower surface. The general form and sculpture are
also very much as in P. obsoletus, but the clypeus is a little
more notched in the middle of the front margin and much
more sharply divided from the forehead, and the elytra are
rather more strongly punctured. The antenne consist of
nine joints, of which the scape forms fully a third of the
total length, the second joint is globular, the third to the
sixth short and diminishing progressively in length, the last
three forming a very short club, not longer in the male
than the female. The claws are cleft into two nearly equal

On new Oriental Homoptera. 459

branches and without the minute tooth at the base found
in Schizonycha.

The male has the abdomen more tumid beneath, and the
hind femora of the female are shorter and thicker than those
of the male.

By M. de Charmoy’s desire the beetle has been named in
honour of Mr. G. Smith, late acting Governor of Mauritius,
in recognition of his interest in and support of the work of
investigation.

This insect was very naturally ascribed to Schizonycha, a
great African genus to which it has a very great affinity, but
it seems to me extremely doubtful if that genus is really
represented in the Mascarene region. Schizonycha hova,
Coq., appears to belong to Hovachelus, and the quite insufti-
ciently described S. glabra, Brenske, may belong to that
genus also. The genus Phytalus represents in Tropical
America the African Schizonycha (a few species of which are
also found in Tropical Asia), and the two genera have the
closest affinity. Our insect differs from Schizonycha and
agrees with Phytalus in the following points:—The front
margin of the clypeus does not form a continuous curve, but
is notched in the middle, and the elytra have a well-defined
elevated strip bordering the suture and an ill-defined narrow
costa at a short distance from it. ‘The antenne are very
short and consist of nine instead of ten joints. The same
number is found in certain species of Schizonycha (which
have been separated under the name of Atys), but this has
been produced by the fusion of the fourth and fifth joints
into a long rod. In Phytalus the seventh joint seems to
disappear and the structure of the antenne is very inconstant,
even the number of joints composing the club being variable.

XLVIII.—New Genera and Species of Oriental Homoptera.
By W. L. DIstanr.

Fam. Cicadide.

Mata rama, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and mesonotum greenish ochraceous ;

_ lateral margins of front, two central linear fascize to vertex—

almost enclosing the ocelli,—two spots on each lateral margin

of vertex and inner margins of eyes, pronotum with two

central longitudinal fasciz, united anteriorly and posteriorly,
oL®

460 Mr. W. L. Distant on

and an inner lateral marginal line, black ; mesonotum with
two central obconical spots denoted by their dark margins, a
central sagittiform spot, a more or less obscure and sub-
obsolete sublateral fascia, and a rounded spot before each
anterior angle of the cruciform basal elevation, black ;
abdomen above more or less testaceous brown ; head be-
neath, sternum, and legs virescent, abdomen beneath testaceous
brown ; opercula in male virescent, their posterior and
lateral margins piceous; tegmina and wings hyaline, the
first with the costal membrane greenish ochraceous, stig-
matal spot black, apices of the first and second radial areas
infuscated ; venation of tegmina and wings more or less
piceous ; pronotum with the lateral margins very slightly
convex, sinuate before the posterior lateral angles, which
are moderately, lobately produced; tympanal coverings
piceous, their outer margins a little sinuate, the posterior
angles alone projecting beyond the lateral margins of the
abdomen ; opercula short, transverse, scarcely extending
beyond the base of the abdomen, their lateral margins visible
from above, their posterior lateral angles rounded, their
posterior margins oblique; rostrum reaching the posterior
coxe.

Long., excl. tegm., g and ¢ 17 mm.; exp. tegm., ¢ 55,
9 63 mm.

Hab. Bhutan (Brit. Mus.).

Very distinct from M. kama, Dist., the only other described
species of the genus; tegmina proportionally shorter and
almost unspotted, &e.

Tettigia orientalis, sp. n.

dg. Head, pronotum, and mesonotum dull ochraceous ;
lateral marginal lines to front (not meeting centrally), a
transverse line at anterior angles of vertex, area of the
ocelli, narrow posterior margins of eyes, inner linear basal
and lateral margins of pronotum, the margins of two ob-
conical spots to mesonotum, and three spots near each
anterior angle of the basal cruciform elevation (the outer-
most largest and triangular, the two innermost transverse),
black ; abdomen above pale testaceous, sparingly greyishly
pilose, posterior margins of the segments very narrowly
black; head beneath, sternum, and legs dull ochraceous ;
face with two central series of transverse black striations ;
cheeks streaked with black ; abdomen beneath pale testaceous ;
tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation brownish, the
tegmina with the costal membrane dull ochraceous, the

new Oriental Homoptera. 461

apical veins to the first and second ulnar areas and the apices
to the longitudinal veins to the apical areas slightly infus-
cated; tympanal coverings narrower but scarcely shorter
than tympanal cavities; lateral margins of the pronotum
moderately ampliate and sinuate, distinctly but obtusely
biangulate; opercula in male short, about reaching the
anterior margin of the second abdominal segment, the outer
margins sinuate and obliquely directed inwardly, the apices
narrowly rounded, the inner margins widely separated.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 35 mm. ; exp. tegm. 102 mm.

Hab. Cochin China (Brit. Mus.).

The largest species of the genus at present described.

ONOMACRITUS, gen. nov.

Head transverse, much shorter than the breadth between
eyes, eyes large and upwardly prominent, as seen beneath
distinctly exserted, lateral margins of vertex and front
almost continuous; face broad, narrowing to clypeus, an
obscure central tubercle near anterior margin, clypeus
strongly centrally ridged, only a little shorter than face ;
pronotum considerably longer than head, a little shorter than
mesonotum, the lateral margins a little ampliate, concavely
sinuate before the lateral angles, which are roundly promi-
nent and a little upturned, slightly and obscurely angulate
before the concave sinuation; abdomen much longer than
space between apex of head and base of cruciform elevation,
tympanal coverings narrower but scarcely shorter than
tympanal cavities ; rostrum passing the base of abdomen ;
opercula in male small and transverse, widely separated
internally ; tegminia elongate, narrow, more than three
times as long as broad ; wings only half as long as tegmina,
but nearly as broad, six apical areas, their basal margins
almost at right angles with each other.

Allied to Tettigia, but differing in the short transverse
head, the elongate and narrow tegmina, &c.

Onomacritus sumatranus, sp. n.

Body above dull ochraceous, thickly, shortly, greyishly
pilose ; area of the ocelli, a small central spot at base of
pronotum and a smaller spot in front of and on each side of
same, black; mesonotum with the margins of two small
anterior obconical spots and a large spot occupying the
posterior halves of the lateral areas castaneous, a central
discal line and a small spot in front of each anterior angle of
the basal cruciform elevation black ; head beneath, sternum,

462 Mr. W. L. Distant on

legs, and rostrum pale ochraceous; abdomen beneath pale
castaneous ; about posterior half of face and two small spots
on anterior half, greater part of cheeks, a transverse fascia
between face and eyes, apex of rostrum, sixth abdominal
segment, and disk of anal segment, black; tegmina and
wings talc-like, subhyaline, the veins ochraceous or piceous,
tegmina crossed before middle by a transverse fasciate series
of three prominent piceous spots, the transverse veins at
bases of apical areas and the apices of the longitudinal veins
to same more or less infuscate, costal membrane ochraceous ;
opercula transverse, rounded, not reaching apex of first
abdominal segment; rostrum passing middle of second
abdominal segment ; other structural characters as in generic
diagnosis.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 20 mm.; exp. tegm. 54 mm.

Hab. Sumatra; Deli (Brit. Mus.).

Terpnosia versicolor, sp. n.

g. Head, pronotum, and mesonotum virescent ; lateral
striations to front (not meeting anteriorly), area of the
ocelli, narrow anterior and posterior margins to pronotum,
the fissures and broad lateral marginal areas, the margins of
two anterior obconical spots to mesonotum, on each side of
which is a broad percurrent longitudinal fascia, and a spot
in front of each anterior angle of the cruciform basal
elevation, castaneous brown; abdomen above ochraceous,
the posterior segmental margins virescent; head beneath,
sternum, legs, and opercula virescent ; cheeks and tibie more
or less suffused with castaneous brown; abdomen beneath
brownish testaceous, disk of anal segment purplish brown ;
tegminaand wings hyaline, the venation and costal membrane
of the former more or less virescent; opercula in male short
and transverse, not extending beyond basal segment of abdo-
men ; head deflected anteriorly, front not prominent, its length
about equal to breadth between eyes ; pronotum distinetly
shorter than mesonotum.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 19 mm. ; exp. tegm. 55 mm.

Hab. Burma; Ruby Mines (Doherty, Brit. Mus.).

Allied to 7. collina, Dist.

Terpnosia oberthuri, sp. n.

&. Closely allied in colour and markings to the preceding
species 7’. versicolor, but the tegmina with the transverse
veins at the apices of the ulnar areas and the apices of the
longitudinal veins to apical areas distinctly infuscated; the

new Oriental Homoptera. 463

opercula much less truncate and more oblique, and in con-
sequence of this being considerably wider apart than in
T. versicolor.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 12 mm.; exp. tegm. 55 mm.

Hab. Bhutan (Brit. Mus.).

Near TZ. pumila, Dist., a Bornean species.

Cicadatra inconspicua, sp. n.

6. Head piceous, anterior angles of vertex dull ochra-
ceous ; pronotum brownish ochraceous, a central reversed
triangular piceous spot with a central ochraceous line, the
basal marginal area piceous ; mesonotum brownish ochra-
ceous, with two anterior obsolete central obconical spots, on
each side of which is a percurrent submarginal piceous fascia,
and a large piceous spot before the cruciform basal elevation ;
abdomen above pale brownish with piceous shadings, the
posterior segmental margins pale ochraceous ; body beneath
and legs ochraceous; tegmina and wings hyaline, the
venation, costal membrane, and basal claval streak to the
first and anal marginal area of the latter ochraceous; a
small transverse piceous spot above apex of radial area and
a similar spot at apex of clavus to tegmina ; opercula some-
what long, reaching the posterior margin of the basal
abdominal segment, obliquely directed inwardly, their apices
thus not very far apart, outwardly moderately convex, a
little sinuate on each side near base, their apices subangularly
rounded ; rostrum reaching the intermediate coxe.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 8 mm.; exp. tegm. 35 mm.

Hab. Brit. India ; Mhow (Brit. Mus.).

A small species, somewhat intermediate between C. raja,
Dist., and C. striata, Walk., but much smaller than either
and to be distinguished by the distinct characters of the

opercula.
Fam. Fulgoride.
Subfam. Frarivz.
Melicharia obtusangula, sp. n.

Body and legs pale dull ochraceous; tegmina creamy
white with a very pale ochraceous tint, especially at costal
membrane, extreme ‘base, and claval area; wings pale
creamy white ; head (including eyes) a little narrower than
pronotum, vertex centrally and laterally carinate, the
anterior margin subtruncate, medially slightly angulate ;
face broad, with a central carination extending about half-
way from base, the lateral margins broadly refiexed ; clypeus

464 Mr. W. L. Distant on

elongate ; tegmina about one and a half times as long as
broad, apical angle moderately rounded, posterior angle
obtusely rounded, not rectangular; posterior tibie with two
spines, the apical spine short.

Long., excl. tegm., 54 mm.; exp. tegm. 16-17 mm.

Hab. Ceylon; Weligama (ainbrigge- Fletcher), Mt.
Lavinia (Green, Brit. Mus.), Trivandrum (Atkinson Coll.).

Differs from M. lactifera, Walk., by the obtusely rounded
posterior angle of the tegmina.

Hilavrita discolorata, sp. n.

Body and legs brownish ochraceous, the mesonotum dis-
tinctly darker; tegmina brownish ochraceous, moderately
greyishly tomentose, the basal disk and claval area with
blackish granules, the longitudinal veins piceous; wings pale
fuliginous, the veins piceous; head (including eyes) a little
narrower than pronotum ; face a little longer than broad,
centrally carinate ; pronotum rugosely granulate ; mesonotum
raised, obsoletely tricarinate; tegmina about one and a half
times as long as broad, the apical and posterior angles
rounded, costal membrane slightly wider than radial area.

Long., excl. tegm., 4 mm.; exp. tegm. 14-145 mm.

Hab. Bengal, Pusa (C. S. M.), Bombay (Brit. Mus.).

Allied to 4. fatwa, Melich., but smaller, no indications of
dark spots on tegmina, which are distinctly narrower and
proportionally more elongate.

Hilavrita obliqua, sp. n.

In general coloration closely allied to the preceding species
H., discolorata, but differing widely in the shape of the tegmina,
which have the apical angle broadly rounded and the apical
margin strongly oblique to the posterior angle, the tegmina
are also nearly twice as long as broad from base to apical
angle, and in these characters differing from all other species
of the genus yet described.

Long., excl. tegm., 45 mm.; exp. tegm. 123 mm.

Hab. Ceylon; Hambantota (Bainbrigge-Fletcher, Brit.
Mus.).

- FORCULUS, gen. nov.

Head twice as longas the pronotum, slightly ascendent
anteriorly, anterior margin angularly rounded, lateral mar-
gins slightly sinuate, eyes large, at base of head overlapping
the anterior angles of the pronotum; face longer than broad,
concave, its anterior margin convex, angularly widened on

bl

new Oriental Homoptera. 465

each side before eyes; clypeus about half as long as face,
with a slight central longitudinal ridge ; pronotum a little
more than twice as broad as long, its anterior margin
truncate between eyes and oblique behind eyes; mesonotum
strongly tricarinate, posteriorly angulate, a little more than
twice as long as pronotum; legs somewhat short and robust;
femora longitudinally suleate, compressed, posterior femora
with a somewhat long and very distinct slender spine at
apices ; tibize moderately compressed, sulcate, posterior
femora with three spines on apical area ; basal joint of tibie
short and thickened ; rostrum reaching the intermediate
cox ; tegmina elongate, widest at basal area, where the costal
margin is strongly convexly arched, distinctly narrowed on
apical third, costal membrane and about apical half strongly
transversely veined, clavus more faintly transversely veined,
very obsoletely g granulate, apex of tegmen roundly truncate ;
wings broader than tegmina, posteriorly dilated at anal area,
two transverse veins on apical areas.

Allied to the Neotropical genus Cyarda, Walk., and to be
placed near the beginning of the Division Selizaria.

Foreulus peculiaris, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and mesonotum dull brownish ochraceous
with darker mottlings; apex of mesonotum shining, greyish
white; abdomen above greenish ochraceous, some of the
segmental margins narrowly sanguineous ; head beneath,
sternum, and legs dull pale brownish ochraceous, concave
disk of face more piceous; abdomen beneath greenish
ochraceous ; tegmina shining brownish ochraceous, costal
membrane and apex more or less marked with olivaceous
green; wings pale fuliginous with the veins darker;
structural characters as in generic diagnosis.

Long., excl. tegm., 8 mm. ; exp. tegm. 22 mm.

Hab. Ceylon; Hambantota, Madulsima (Baindrigge-
Fletcher, Brit. Mus.).

Seliza pusana, sp. n.

Body and legs pale castaneous brown, disk of mesonotum
black ; tegmina brownish ochraceous ; wings fuliginous with
the veins darker ; head (including eyes) narrower than pro-
notum, centrally ‘moderately depressed, lateral margins dis-
tinctly ridged ; face a little longer than broad, centrally
longitudinally carinate, the lateral margins strongly ridged ;
pronotum centrally bicarinate; mesonotum discally tri-
carinate; tegmina about twice as long as broad, costal

466 Mr. W. L. Distant on

margin arched at base, very slightly sinuate before apex»
apical angle obtusely rounded, the posterior angle moderately
roundly posteriorly produced, ‘costal membrane very slightly
narrower than radial area at base of each, tegmina trans-
versely veined from a little beyond middle to the apical
cells.

Long., excl. tegm., 5 mm.; exp. tegm. 143-15 mm.

Hab. Bengal ; Palamow (D. P. S., Brit. Mus.).

By the shape of the tegmina this species comes nearest to
S. lignaria, Walk., from China, but differs by the less
reticulate venation to same ; from the other Indian species it
is to be recognized by the almost non-sinuate and more

rounded apical tegminal margin.

Ketumala sinuata, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, mesonotum, face, and legs pale castaneous
brown, abdomen and sternum paler and more ochraceous ;
tegmina brownish ochraceous, the claval suture paler ; wings
fuliginous with the vejns darker; head narrower than pro-
notum, vertex obscurely centrally carinate, the lateral mar-
gins strongly ridged ; face about as long as broad, with a
short central longitudinal carination; pronotum strongly
anteriorly produced, with a short obscure central carination
near anterior Margin 5 tegmina about twice as long as broad,
costal margin arched at base, distinctly sinuate before apex,
apical margin truncate, costal membrane much wider than
radial area.

Long., excl. tegm., 4 mm.; exp. tegm. 15 mm.

Hab. Ceylon; Weligama (Bainbrigge-Fletcher, Brit.
Mus.).

Allied to K. bisecta, Kirby, but the tegmina a little more
elongate, considerably more sinuate before apex, and paler
in coloration.

Ketumala farinosa, sp. 0.

Body, legs, and tegmina dull pale ochraceous, the latter
distinctly greyishly tomentose; wings pale fuliginous with
the veins darker ; head (including eyes) narrower than pro-
notum ; vertex broad, the lateral margins strongly ridged,
obscurely centrally carinate; face about as broad as long,
almost percurrently centrally carinate ; pronotum strongly
anteriorly produced ; mesonotum discally tricarinate ; tegmina
about or nearly twice as long as broad, costal margin arched at
base, moderately sinuate before apex, apical margin truncate,
costal membrane much wider than radial area, clavus thickly
finely granulose.

new Oriental Homoptera. 467

Long., excl. tegm., 5 mm.; exp. tegm. 15 mm.

Hab. Ceylon; Hambantota (Bainbrigge-Fletcher, Brit.
Mus.).

By the percurrently carinate face and the greyishly
tomentose tegmina this species is distinctly recognized.

PARAKETUMALA, gen. noy.

Allied to Ketumala, Dist., but differing by the face being
pereurrently carinate and the tegmina distinctly transversely
veined on apical area as in Seliza.

The second character prevents its inclusion in Ketumala or
the allied genera, whilst from Sel’za it is separated by the
short and broad face and the non-produced posterior angles
of the tegmina.

Paraketumala anomala, sp. n.

Body and legs brownish ochraceous ; tegmina dull pale
ochraceous, more or less greyishly tomentose ; wings pale
fuliginous with the veins darker ; head (including eyes)
narrower than pronotum, vertex narrow, broad, anteriorly
subtruncate, the anterior apices of the lateral margins a little
prominent, the lateral margins strongly ridged; face about
as broad as long, centrally percurrently carinate, its lateral
margins ampliately ridged, a little narrowed towards clypeus,
which is centrally carinate and obliquely striate on each
lateral area; pronotum with very fine longitudinal ridges ;
posterior tibize with two spines beyond middle and an apical
spine ; tegmina about twice as long as broad, costal margin
arched at base, very slightly sinuate before apex, apical
margin roundly truncate, posterior angle not produced, costal
membrane much wider than radial area, the first closely
transversely veined, a curved line proceeding from end of
radial area to about apex of clavus, defining narrow elongate
longitudinal marginal cellular areas, preceding these areas
the disk is for a short distance transversely or reticulately
veined.

Exp. tegm. 15 mm.

Hab. Bengal; Pusa (G@. S. M., Brit. Mus.).

Paranotus limbatus, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and mesonotum virescent; abdomen
above more bluish green ; body beneath and legs virescent ;
tibiw more or less suffused with castaneous, tarsi castaneous ;
tegmina virescent, costal and apical margins and posterior

margin from end of clavus to apex narrowly sanguineous ;

468 Mr. W. L. Distant on

wings pale bluish grey ; structural characters as in generic
diagnosis.
Long., excl. tegm., 6 mm. ; exp. tegm. 19 mm.

Hab. Ceylon ; Horton Plains (Green, Brit. Mus.).

Paranotus maculosus, sp. 0.

Allied to the preceding species P. lémbatus, but differing in
the following tegminal characters: more convexly arched at
base, the apex less angulate and a little more rounded, the
reddish margins more pronounced, more castaneous in hue
and extending along claval margin, on disk three more or
less well-defined sets of small pale brownish spots situate
between the Veins; head, face, body beneath, and legs
ochraceous, the tibiz and tarsi being only faintly darker.

Long., excl. tegm., 6 mm. ; exp. tegm. 17 mm.

Hab. Ceylon; Pattipola (Green, Brit. Mus.).

Atracis facialis, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, body beneath, and legs ochraceous; abdo-
men above ochraceous, greyishly tomentose; head, thorax,
and face more or less finely mottled with fuscous, the meso-
notum with larger piceous spots; tegmina pale ochraceous,
more or less finely mottled with piceous; wings finely
greyishly tomentose; head (including eyes) narrower than
pronotum, vertex longer than broad, in front of eyes dis-
tinctly foveate, the apex narrowed and roundly angulate ;
face much longer than broad, the anterior angles of the
lateral margins only obtusely prominent, the lateral angles
behind anterior third ampliately ridged; clypeus obliquely
finely carinate on lateral areas ; pronotum slightly shorter
than vertex of head, the disk distinctly elevated and laterally
ridged behind eyes, the lateral areas depressed and marginally
ridged ; mesonotum about or almost as long as head and
pronotum together, the disk elevated with its sides distinctly
carinate ; tegmina a little more than twice as long as broad,
the costal membrane quite three times as broad as radial
area, costal margin slightly waved and uneven, apical margin
roundly truncate.

Long., excl. tegm., 9 mm. ; exp. tegm. 20 mm.

Hab. Ceylon; Wellawaya (Green, Brit. Mus.).

By the tegmina allied to A. nietneri, Stal, but a smaller
species and the shape of the face very distinct ; tegmina
narrower, &c.

Atracis atkinsont, sp. 0.
Body and legs dull ochraceous ; apical half of vertex and

new Oriental Homoptera. 469

apical half of face more or less spotted with black ; meso-
notum with a black spot near each anterior angle, its disk
mutilated in type; tegmina greyish white mottled with
ochraceous and fuscous, the fuscous shadings being distinctly
confluent on apical and basal areas and transversely linear on
costal membrane; wings greyish white, subhyaline, the veins
ochraceous ; vertex longer than broad, foveate, the apex
broadly angulate, the lateral margins strongly ampliately
ridged ; face much longer than broad, the lateral margins
ampliately ridged, the posterior half considerably broader,
the anterior half obscurely centrally carinate ; tegmina about
twice as long as broad, the costal margin slightly waved and
uneven, costal membrane a little more than twice as broad
as radial area, which is strongly waved, a few small discal
tubercles on apical third.

Long., excl. tegm., 7 mm. ; exp. tegm. 34 mm.

flab. Ceylon ; Pundaluoya (Atkinson Coll., Brit. Mus.).

By the shape of tegmina and face allied to A. moeller/,

Dist.
Atracis haragamensis, sp. n.

Body above pale virescent, vertex and thorax more or less
mottled with castaneous; abdomen above paler, a central
line and posterior lateral fascize virescent ; body beneath and
legs pale ochraceous, anterior margin of face piceous ; tegmina
pale virescent, more or less finely mottled with fuscous ;
wings greyish white, subhyaline, the veins pale ochraceous ;
vertex longer than broad, foveate, the apex broadly angulate,
the lateral margins strongly ridged ; face much longer than
broad, shortly broadly carinate on anterior area, gradually
widening to area of eyes and thence more regularly continued
to clypeus, the lateral margins ampliately ridged ; clypeus
with the lateral areas finely obliquely carinate; tegmina
about twice as long as broad, the costal margin very strongly
waved and sinuate, the costal membrane more than three
times as broad as radial area, apical margin roundly truncate,
obsoletely finely tuberculous on apical third.

Long., excl. tegm., 9 mm. ; exp. tegm. 30 mm.

Hab. Ceylon; Haragam (Green, Brit. Mus.).

This species by the strongly sinuate costal margin of the
tegmina is allied to A. perpleca, Walk., and A. cretacea,
Dist.

Atracis greeni, sp. n.

Body and legs ochraceous; abdomen above with a central
line and the posterior lateral areas virescent; tegmina dull

470 On new Oriental Homoptera.

creamy, opaque, with fuscous linear markings, which are a
little more prominent in the costal membrane and apical area,
the basal area faintly suffused with pale fuscous; wings
creamy white, subhyaline; head narrower than pronotum,
vertex longer than broad, concave, more or less granulate,
the lateral margins upwardly ridged, the apex angularly
rounded; face much longer than broad, its anterior area
speckled with fuscous, lateral margins finely ridged, mode-
rately sinuate to eyes, thence a little convexly broadened to
clypeus, which is obscurely centrally carinate ; tegmina with
the costal membrane about three times broader than radial
area, the costal margin moderately sinuate, apical margin
roundly truncate.

Long., excl. tegm., 9 mm. ; exp. tegm. 26 mm.

Hab. Ceylon; Peradeniya (Green, Brit. Mus.).

Allied to the preceding species A. haragamensis, Dist.,
but differing by the less sinuate costal margin of tegmina and
the different shape of the face, colour and markings of
tegmina, &e.

Atracis sadeyana, sp. n.

Body and legs ochraceous ; mesonotum with a linear black
fascia on each side; abdomen much mutilated in type, the
base castaneous above ; tegmina pale ochraceous with fuscous
markings, of which the principal are an oblique broken fascia
extending from apex of radial area to basal area of clavus,
some irregular spots at and above apex of clavus and scattered
minute spots round apical margin; wings dull greyish
white, the veins ochraceous ; head narrower than pronotum,
vertex a little longer than broad, somewhat upwardly
directed, moderately flat, but the lateral margins strongly
ridged; face considerably longer than broad, the lateral
margins subparallel and very strongly ridged, its disk smooth
and moderately flattened ; clypeus finely obliquely striate on
each lateral area; pronotum distinctly centrally ridged ;
tegmina a little more than twice as long as broad, the costal
margin moderately sinuate, the costal membrane at base a
little more than three times broader than radial area, apical
margin very roundly truncate.

Exp. tegm. 28 mm.

Hab. Assam ; Sadeya (Brit. Mus.).

Atracis hainanensis, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and mesonotum very pale virescent, very
finely speckled with brownish; basal margin of vertex with
two contiguous brownish spots; mesonotum with a linear

On new Species of Voluta &c. from Japan. A471

black fascia on each lateral area; abdomen above, body
beneath, and legs more or less ochraceous ; anterior margin
of face piceous ; tegmina pale virescent, with a broad slightly
oblique broken fuscous fascia extending from apex of radial
area to apical area of clavus, smaller and more obscure
fuscous mottlings on costal membrane, apical area, and
clavus; wings dull greyish, the veins somewhat ochraceous ;
vertex of head longer than broad, a little concave, apex
narrowed and rounded, lateral margins strongly ridged;
face considerably longer than broad, strongly sinuate
anteriorly, thence obliquely widened to near posterior
margins of eyes and afterwards slightly obliquely continued
to clypeus, the lateral margins strongly ridged; clypeus
obliquely striate on each lateral area; pronotum distinctly
centrally carinate; tegmina about twice as long as broad,
costal margin not or very slightly sinuate, costal membrane
a little more than three times as broad as radial area, apical
margin roundly truncate.
Long., excl. tegm., 12 mm.; exp. tegm. 31 mm.
Hab. Hainan ; Mangrin (Brit. Mus.).

SYNONYMICAL NOTES.

Genus NEOALARDUS, n. nom.

Alardus, Dist. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) xii. p. 475 (1903), nom.
preoce. (Busch, 1851).

Type, N. typicus, Dist. (Alardus).

Genus BARUNOIDES, n. nom.
Baruna, Dist. Faun. B, I., Rhynch. iii. p. 283 (1906), nom. preoce.
Type, B. albosignata, Dist. (Baruna).

4

XLIX.—Descriptions of new Species of Voluta, Latiaxis, and
Calliostoma from Japan. By G. B. Sowrersy, F.L.S.

Voluta hiraset, sp.n. (Fig. 1.)

Testa fusiformis, crassiuscula, pallide fulvescens; anfractus 8,
embryonales graciles, levigati, sequentes convexi, longitudinaliter
costati, spiraliter conspicue rugoso-striati ; sutura albo callosa ;
anfractus ultimus $ longitudinis teste squans, superne concavo-
constrictus, deinde convexus, basin versus attenuatus, undique
transversim lirato-striatus ; striis confertis, rugoso subgranulatis ;
apertura oblonga, mediocriter lata, utrinque acuminata, intus

A72 On new Species of Voluta &e. from Japan.

albida, ad limbum flavidula; peristoma simplex, leviter incras-
sata, postice late sinuata; columella rectiuscula, biplicata, plicis
perobliquis, postica vix conspicua.

Long. 156, lat. 55 mm.

Hab. Kii, Japan.

This shell differs from V. prevostiana, Crosse, principally
in its strongly pronounced rough spiral sculpture ; it is also
of a uniform pale colour, without any of the colour-markings
which adorn that species.

The specimen (the only one I have seen) has the appear-
ance of having been taken alive, as the interior of the aperture
is quite lustrous.

Fig. 1.—Voluta hirasei. 4} nat. size.
Fig. 2.—Latiavis armatus. Nat. size. _
Fig. 3.—Calliostoma aculeatum. Magnified.

Latiavis armatus, sp. n. (Fig. 2.)

Testa abbreviato-fusiformis, alba ; spira acute pyramidata ; anfractus
8, angulati, spiraliter dense lirati, minute squamati, ad angulum
muricati ; ultimus supra angulum subplanato declivis, ad angulum
squamis elongatis angustis oblique erectis armatus, infra angulum
convexus, paulo infra medium contractus ; umbilicus angustus,

A Revision of the Asilidve of Australasia. 473,

costa sinistra obliqua squamosa marginata; apertura ovata;

columella tortuosa; canalis mediocriter productus, leviter

arcuatus,.
Long. 28, diam. 16 mm.

Hab. Kii, Japan,

This strikingly beautiful shell, though having points of
resemblance, may be very readily distinguished from its
congeners. Compared with L. deburghiw, Reeve, it is much
more elevated and acute, and the produced scales or spines at
the angle are much narrower and more erect. Compared
with Z. diadema, A. Adams, it has no second angle or armed
keel below the periphery, where it is convexly rounded, and
the spines at the angle are not hooked, but obliquely erect
and sharp.

Calliostoma aculeatum, sp.n. (Fig. 3.)

Testa conico-pyramidalis, pallide straminea et grisea, fusco macu-
lata ; spira elata, acuta ; anfractus 9, convexi, leviter biangulati,
undique liris angustis densissimis inzqualibus pulcherrime
aculeato-granulosis fuseo articulatis spiraliter sculpti; liris 2
majis conspicuis; anfractus ultimus latiusculus, parce triangulatus ;
basis leviter convexa, dense lirata, liris fusco articulatis; colu-
mella oblique rectiuscula, albo, callosa ; umbilicus clausus ; aper-
tura subquadrata, intus margaritacea ; peristoma tenue, serratum.

Alt. 22, lat. 21 mm.

Hab. Kii, Japan.

A beautitully sculptured species, somewhat resembling
C. consors, Lischke, but with a higher, more acute spire; and
while that species is comparatively smooth, this is closely
covered with narrow ridges of unequal size, but all densely

beaded with sharp prickly scales or nodules.

L.—A Revision of the Asilide of Australasia.
By Grerrrupe Ricarpo.

In a collection of Diptera sent me several years ago by
Mr. French from the Melbougne Museum, for determination,
were a certain number of Asilide. In attempting to name
them I found great confusion in the nomenclature of the
species, and of their generic place, from Australia. The
following paper is an attempt to clear up some of these
errors, but no doubt there will still be much to revise when
more material is available. The majority of the old species
were described by Macquart and Walker, who both worked
at about the same time—Walker from 1849-1856 and
Macquart from 1838-1855 ; in consequence there are very

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. ix. 32

A7T4 Miss G. Ricardo—A Revision of

many synonyms between these two authors. Since then a
few species have been described by Schiner and Thompson,
and a few older ones were described by Wiedemann and
Fabricius.

Most of Macquart’s species have been seen by me in the
Paris Museum through the kindness of M. Bouvier, and in
especial of M. Surcouf, and compared with Walker’s species
in the Brit. Mus. Coll.

The pagination here used for Macquart’s Dipt. Exct. is
that of the original work, first published in Mém. Sci. Agri.
et Arts de Lille, 1838-1855 ; the one usually used is unfor-
tunately that of the reprint, which did not retain the original
pagination. Priority is given to Macquart’s names over
those of Walker as a rule, as the descriptions appear the
best. Williston and Hine are followed in placing the genus
Leptogaster in a separate subfamily and in the arrangement
of the subgenera of Asilus.

The species from Australia, New Zealand, and Tasmania
only, are described ; those from other parts of the Australasian
Region are, as a rule, merely given with their references.
Judging from Walker’s species, not many of the species of
the continent extend beyond it.

All types are in the British Museum Coll. unless otherwise
specified.

Asilide.
1. Marginal cellofmwinesiopen: 2% 22. ajc oe eye ate 2
Marginal colltefwings' closed! 2222...) eee ee 3.
2. Antenne with a slender terminal arista. Very
Slender SPeClGs | ..-. wikis $)-1<sspis F1te 8 pip RO ee RIE Leptogastrine.
Antenne with no slender terminal arista, but with
or without a terminal style or bristle.......... Dasypogonine.
3. Antenne with a terminal bristle ................ Asilide.
Antenne usually without a terminal bristle ...... Laphrine.

Leptocaster, Meigen.
Illiger’s Magazine f. Ins. ii. p. 269. 53 (1803).

Gonypes, Latr. Hist. Nat. d. Crust. et d. Ins. xiv. p. 309. 477 (1804).
The following species are recorded from Australasia :—
Leptogaster geniculatus, Macq., Dipt. Exot. Suppl. 4, p. 400, pl. ix. fig. 6

(1849). [ Leptogaster pedanius, Walker, List Dipt. ii. p. 484 (1849),
et vii. Suppl. 3, p. 774 (1855). |
Leptogaster antipoda, Bigot, Ann. Soc. Entom. France, (5) viii. p. 445
(1878).
To these are here added three new species—L. australis,
bancrofti, dissimilis.

Leptogaster geniculatus, Macq.
Leptogaster pedanius, W1k.

Macquart’s type seen in Paris Museum, 12. 4. 11, a male
from Tasmania.

the Asilidee of Australasia. 475

Walker’s type a male from New South Wales.

In Brit. Mus. Coll. are females and a male from Burpen-
gary, S. Queensland (7. L. Bancroft), 1904.

A small species, with clear wings, yellowish legs, thorax
and abdomen black,

Length 9-10 mm,

In Macquart’s type the /egs are somewhat darker than in
those of Walker’s type. The first two joints of the antenne in
Macquart’s type are reddish, not black as stated, and the
small transverse vein of the wing is in the middle of the discal
cell, not very near the base as shown in figure.

Macquart’s description is as follows :—

Length 5 lines. ¢@.

Palpi with white bairs. Beard and moustache white ;
face with yellowish tomentum. Forehead brown. Antenne:
the first two joints black (in reality reddish), the third
wanting. Abdomen: anterior and posterior borders of
segments ashy grey. Legs fawn-coloured, with cox grey ;
some black colour on the anterior and middle legs ; poste-
rior legs wanting. Wings clear. From Tasmania.

To this the following particulars may be added :— Thorax
greyish, with three black short stripes. Knees of legs nar-
rowly black, apices of tarsi also black ; bristles on the last
four tarsi and on the apex of the first hind tarsus black,
elsewhere pale yellowish. The small cross-vein of the wing
is at or slightly below the middle of discal cell and the fourth
posterior cell is pedunculated at its base; the cross-vein
closing the second basal cell joins the pedunculated part at
about the middle. The wings are shorter than the body,

measuring 5-6 mm.

Leptogaster antipoda, Bigot.

From Tasmania.

Described as having testaceous legs, the posterior femora
widely brown at base, with another narrower brown baud

before the apex.

Leptogaster bancrofti, 3 ¢, sp. n.

Type (¢) from Mr. French’s Coll., Victoria (1898).

Type (2) from Queensland (1909) (Dr. Bancroft).

A black species with yellowish legs, but the hind legs
darker, almost wholly black. Wings clear, the small cross-
vein at the middle of discal cell, and the cross-vein closing
second basal cell also joining the stalk of fourth posterior
cell at about the middle. Length 12 mm.; wings 6-7 mm.
Face covered with greyish tomentum, the moustache yellow.
Antenne black. Forehead the sameas face. Thorax reddish

De

oa

476 Miss G. Ricardo—A Revision of

brown or reddish grey, with a medium and lateral black
stripes, sides of thorax ashy grey. Abdomen black, with well-
marked grey segmentations. Legs reddish yellow, the knees
of fore legs and joints of tarsi black ; the posterior femora
blackish on apical half, the extreme apex red ; the posterior
tibize almost wholly blackish ; the first joint of hind tarsi
pale yellow, black at its apex, and the other jomts chiefly
black ; bristles of tarsi black, except on the first joint, where
they are yellowish.

Leptogaster australis, 8, sp. n.

Type (g¢) and another from Townsville, Queensland
(F. Dodd), 1903.

A species distinguished from L. geniculatus, Macq., by its
larger size, by the reddish-brown thorax with one median
black stripe, and by the cross-vein closing the second basal
cell joining the peduncle of the fourth posterior cell at two-
thirds of its length.

Length 14 mm.

Face covered with silvery-grey tomentum, the scanty
moustache pale yellow. Antenne black, the first two joints
reddish. Furehead yellowish above the antenne, black at
the vertex. Thorax reddish brown, with greyish tomentum
on dorsum, bordering the black stripe, which does not reach
the posterior border ; sides covered with yellowish tomentum,
breast reddish brown; scutelium same colour as thorax.
Abdomen obscurely yellow, covered with grey tomentum ; the
last three segments blackish, with very fine whitish pubes-
cence; genitalia reddish ; underside blackish. Legs reddish
yellow, the first joint of the tarsi paler, almost white, the
remaining joints reddish brown; knees black and the apical
two-thirds of the hind tibiz are reddish brown; tibiz with
scattered white bristles ; pubescence on legs very slight, most
noticeable on the hind pair, where it is almost wholly white ;
coxe reddish brown, with white tomentum. /Vings hyaline,
tinged with brown on the basal half; this is hardly notice-
able in the second male ; all cells open; the cross-vein at or
beyond the middle of discal cell. Halteres yellow.

Leptogaster dissimilis, 2 , sp. n.

Type (¢) and another from Stannary Hills, N. Queens-
land, about 3000 feet (Dr. 7. L. Bancroft), 1909 ; and another
female from Queensland from the same collector.

A handsome species, distinguished by the reddish-yellow
legs marked with black on the knees, and with the apical
half of the club-shaped hind femora deep black ; the apices
of tibize, the hind pair widely, black.

the Asilidw of Australasta. 477

Length 16 mm.

Face greyish yellow, the scanty moustache pale yellow.
Antenne black, the second joint reddish. Forehead darker
than face. Thorax reddish brown, blackish in the centre,
sides with yellowish tomentum. Addomen blackish, the first
four joints almost wholly reddish yellow, in the other female
not so distinctly so, only the first two joints being dull
yellowish. Legs reddish yellow; the knees, apical half of
hind femora, apices of tibiz, and all the tarsi except the first
joint black. Winys tinged yellow at base, the small cross-
vein about the middle of discal cell, the cross-vein closing
the second basal cell joins the stalk of fourth posterior cell
at two-thirds of its length,

This species is distinguished from Leptogaster bancrofti
by its larger size, the yellow base of abdomen, the yellow
tomentum on sides of thorax, the posterior tibiz less widely
black, and by the situation of the cross-vein closing secoud
basal cell.

The following species are recorded from other parts of the

Australian Region :—

L. albimana, W1k., from Aru.—Type in B. M. Coll., much damaged.
Hind legs with black or brown bands. Réder records it from
Ceylon.

1. annulipes, Dol., from Amboina.

L. angelus, Ost.-Sack., from Celebes.

L. exacta, Wlk., from New Guinea.—Type in B. M. Coll.; also with
brown bands on the hind legs.

L. ferruginea, W1k., from Aru.—Type in B. M. Coll. ; also with black or

brown bands on the hind legs.

fulvipes, Bigot, from New Guinea.

habilis, v. d. Wulp, from ‘Timor.

. hirticollis, v. d. Wulp, from Timor.

inflata, Ost.-Sack., from Celebes.

. longipes, W1k., from Aru.—Type in B. M. Coll.; much damaged, with

very slender legs.

. magnicollis, Wik., from Ceram.—Type in B. M. Coll.; a very. large

robust yellowish species.

. moluecana, Dol., from Amboina.

. munda, Wlk., from Celebes.—Type in B. M. Coll.; bands present on

hind legs.

. tarsalis, Walk, from Batjan and Ceram.—Type in B. M. Coll., with

brownish legs, the first joint of tarsi white. .

. unicolor, Dol., from Amboina.

. varipes, v. d. Wulp, from Padang.

All the Walker types have the fourth posterior cell pedunculated.

From a cursory examination of the descriptions of species of the other

authors these types do not appear to be identical with any.

Pi PPR OR Seber

D sv POGONINA.
The following genera are represented in the Australasian
Region :—

478 Miss G. Ricardo—A Revision of

Damalis, Fabr.; Acnephalum, Codula, Microstylum, Bra-
chyrrhopola, Macquart ; Cabasa, Phellus, Walker; Bathy-
pogon, Saropogon, Stenopoyon, Stichopogon, Loew ; Chryso-
pogon, Réder; Deromyia, Philippi. New genera added :
Neocyrtopogon, Neosuropogon, Psilozona, Rachiopogon. Ot
doubtful occurrence the following: Ancylorrhynchus, Latr. ;
Selidopogon, Bezzi.

Table of Genera.

1. Fore tibiae with a curved spine .......... 2,
Fore tibiz with no such curved spine .... 10.
2. Third joint of antennz usually with no very
distinct terminal style .........-.. 3.
Third joint of autenn with a distinct ter-
minal, style: | Gas 2 See ee eee aie eel v.
3. Thorax humpbacked, bright-coioured. All
posterior cells open. Small species.... Cabasa, W1k.
Thorax not humptacked or bright-coloured.
Posterior cells not alwaysopen........ 4.
4. Thorax armed with a stout spine on each
SIMS ae 2 Gre es tab etegle peewee ae Chrysopogon, Réder.
Thorax not armed with a stout spine on
Gachiside: 2 sire eee eee ee cee ee 5,
5. Abdomen club-shaped, narrower at base... Brachyrrhopala, Macq.
Abdomen not club-shaped nor narrower
DL WASS Sse cee Bs at i nie ante hee
Gr Pacenvery ROWVOR oe wien nwjje soe oe eee eae Neocyrtepogon, g. D.
Face not very convex ......:.%.... 7

7. Antenne notched at apex of third joint .. Rachiopogon, g. n.
Antenne not notched at apex of third joint. 8.
8. Fourth posterior celi narrowed at border or

OPCH set .ss ise Ue cece ek eee Neosaropogon, g. 0.
Fourth posterior cell closed far from
bOrner je) cwee ecu pees yee ce ee Deromyia, Philippi.
9. Fourth posterior cell open or closed. “Small
BPCCIES 2c SE. bunch tines ere ge 2 eee ae Saropoyon, Loew.
10. No pulyilli to tarsi. Hairy species, bee- like
IMVAPPCATHNCE 0. cea sets «ae he ieee Acnephalum, Macq.
Pulvilii present. Species not hairy or bee-
‘dike in appearance ............+4+-+: ll.
11. Second posterior cell encroaching on the
AESGSCENL. 5s. ace cu abie Ras, cote een mia Microstylum, Macq.
Second posterior cell not encroaching on
EHS cATStCeINE.. «He peas een as aes are te 12.
12. Very large species. Middle ‘tibia with a
Rioub prolonwation” W's... sss < + cae Se © Pheilus, Walk.
Not very Jarge species. Middle tibie
simple SS Soe cen cara aa ong Tae: oa ee
13. Abdomen club-shaped. Moustache con-
fined to oral opening ..........0.000s Codula, Macq.

Abdomen not club-shaped. Moustache
not always contined to oral opening rath a es

14. Moustache reaching antenne. Face with
a tubercle 5.) Se es pas oe ete eee 15.

Moustache not reaching antenne. Face
with no tubercle...... Socks bie Milter LO:

the Asilidee of Australasia. 479

15. Face fairly broad, with tubercle nearly
reaching the antenne. Fourth posterior
cell closed, in a parallel line or nearly so

with the vein closing discal cell ...... Bathypogon, Loew.
Face very narrow, and narrower at an-
tenn®, with a heel-shaped tubercle
reaching nearly tothe antenne. Fourth
posterior cell closed or narrow, not

parallel with discal cell .............. Stenopogon, Loew.
16. Blue-black shining species. Fore and
middle tibiz fringed with hairs ...... Psilozona, g. 0.

Capasa, Walk.

Dipt. Saund. i. p. 100 (1851); id., List Dipt. pt. vi. Suppl. 2, p. 499
(1854); Schiner, Verh. zvol.-bot. Ges. Wien, xvi. pp. 652, 653, 703
(1866).

This genus was formed by Walker for one species from
Tasmama, Cabasa rufithorax, which he later stated was a
variety of Dasypogon pulchellus, Macq.; the second species
from the same locality, which he named Dasypogon venno,
liad likewise been described previously by Macquart under
Vasypogon.

The genus is allied to Brachyrrhopola, but easily distin-
guished by the humpbacked thorax, Schiner did not include
it in his table. Walker omitted any mention of the presence
of the curved spine on fore tibiz, which is very distinct in
the known species, which are small, the thorax bright-
coloured, the abdomen blackish, the wings brownish. The
antenne long, the third joiut nearly twice as long as the
first two together.

The species as yet recorded in the genus are four, only
the first two being from Tasmania, the others from Batchian
and Aru Island,

Cabasa pulchella, Macq., Dipt. Exot. Suppl.i. p. 190, pl. vii. fig. 9 [ Dasy-
pogon| (1844). Cabasa rufithorax, Walker, Dipt. Saund. i. p. 100

a Macq., Dipt. Exot. Suppl. 4, p. 870 [Dasypogon}
(1849). Dasypogon venno, Walker, List Dipt. ii. p. 859 (1849), et
vi. Suppl. 2, p. 500 (1854).

Cabasa honesta, Walker, Proc. Linn. Soc. London, iii. p. 83 [ Dasypogon |
(1859), et v. p. 277 [ Dasypogon] (1861).

Cabasa glabrata, Walker, Proc. Linn. Soc. London, y. p. 277 [ Dasypogon|]
(1861).

Cabasa pulchella, Macq.
Cabasa rufithorax, Walker.
Macquart’s type is in the Paris Museum, seen by me,

12. 4. 11, apparently a female.
Walker’s type is identical, a female from Tasmania ;
others in Brit. Mus. Coll. from Hobart (J. J. Walker), a

480 Miss G. Ricardo—A Revision of

male from Mackay, Queensland (G. Turner), and a specimen
from Dandenong Ranges, Victoria, in Mr. French’s Coll.

Macquart’s description is as follows :—

Thorax red. Abdomen violet ( g ), black (?). Moustache
black. Antenne and legs black. Wings brown. Length
5 lines, ¢ 2. Palpi black, with black hairs.

Face shining black, with white tomentum at the sides ;
moustache plain, black. Forehead shining black. Antenne:
third joint fairly long, curved outwardly. Thorax shining
red; with a black dorsal elongated spot, ‘another at the base
of wings, and one small black spot on shoulders. Scutellum
black. Abdomen a brilliant violet (¢), black with green
reflections (?). Legs: anterior legs with small spine.
Halteres yellow. Wings brown. In two specimens the
male has the second posterior cell stalked ; the female has it
slightly so in the right wing, on the left one with no stalk
but pointed at the base.

From Tasmania.

An easily recognized species.

Cabasa rubrithorar, Macquart.

Dasypogon venno, Walker.

Macquart’s type (d) seen in Paris Museum, 12. 4. 11.
Walker’s type is identical with it.

Walker’s type (¢ or 2?) from Van Diemen’s Land.

The species is only distinguished from Cabasa pulchella
by the wings, which are brown on the basal half ouly as far
as the apex of the discal cell, and is rather smaller in size.

Macquart’s description is as follows :—

Length 3 lines, g. Face and forehead black, with grey
tomentum ; moustache plain, yellowish. Antenne: the
first two joints black, the third is wanting. Thorax shining
red, with a dorsal band and its posterior border blackish
green; chest and scutellum black. Abdomen depressed,
shining black, with faint green reflections. Legs black,
almost naked ; posterior tibie swollen at apex. Halteres
fawn-coloured, large, becoming wider from base to apex.
Wings: the two anterior thirds brown; the remaindcr
hyaline; neuration normal,

From Tasmania.

Cabasa glabrata, 3, Walker.

Type (¢) from Batchian.

This type and the following one Walker failed to recognize
as belonging to the above genus created by himself.

It differs from C. rubrithorax and C. pulchella by its

the Asilidx of Australasia, 481

wholly yellow /egs, only the tarsi becoming brownish,
Thorax and breast-sides the same colour as legs, Abdomen
black. Wings pale brownish,

Cabasa honesta, ? , Walker.

Type (¢ ) from Aru Island.

Distinguished by the colouring of the legs from the other
species. Legs black, the coxie, the extreme apices of femora,
and the tibize (with the exception of the apices) reddish yellow.
Antenne black. Thorax black, but covered with brownish-
yellow tomentum ; breast-sides the same, with a_ broad
shining reddish-yellow stripe. Abdomen blue-black, with
narrow testaceous posterior borders.

Curysopocon, Réder.

Berlin. ent. Zeit. xxv. p. 213 (1881); id., Stett. ent. Zeit. lili. p. 243
(1892).

Founded for C. crabroniformis, Roéder; C. milleri, Réder,
was added in 1892. The author distinguishes the genus
from Laparus, Loew (now Neolaparus), by the stout spine
on each side of the thorax and by the closed or very much
narrowed first posterior cel] ; this last distinction will not
hold good, as two of the species now added to this genus
both have the cell open, but possess the stout spine on the
thorax which will serve to divide the genus from Neolaparus.
Dasypogon albopunctatus, Macq., of w hich Dasypogon spinther,
Wik., is a synonym, was placed by Schiner under Neolaparus,
but belongs to this newer genus.

The genus will now include the following species :—

C. albopunctatus, Macq., Dipt. Exot. Suppl. 1, p. 193, pl. vi. fig. 7 [Dasy-
pogon | (1846) ; Schiner, Verh. zool. -bot. Ges. Wien, xvi. p. 700
(1866), et xvii. p. 369 [Dasypogon] (1867). Dasypogon spinther,
Walker, List Dipt. ii. p. 537, et vi. Suppl. 2, p. 478 (1854).

C. crabroniformis, Rider, Berlin. ent. Zeit. xxv. p. 215 (1881).

C, miilleri, Réder, Stett. ent. Zeit. lili. p. 243 (1892).

C. fasciatus, sp. n.

C. punctatus, sp. n.

C. queenslandi, sp. n.

C. splendidissimus, sp. n.

1. First posterior cell closed or narrower.
NYMRIVOMOWISH ecco w cece seer ceca: 2.

First posterior cell open, hardly narrower,

Wings brownish or hyaline .......... 3.

2. Abdomen reddish yellow, with black spots.
Antenne yellow. Legs red, the femora
[Live Nip eg ahi eh aang ie ei it bis splendidissimus, sp. n.
Abdomen black, with transverse yellow
spots. Antenne black. Legs red .... miiller?, Rider.

432 Miss G. Ricardo—A Revision of

Abdomen reddish yellow, the base and third

and fourth segments black ............ crabroniformis, Roder.
3. Abdomen black, with golden-yellow narrow

bandsie os ae Ee CS ie oles yore fasciatus, sp. 0.
Abdomen reddish yellow, base and fourth

sepimentiiblack sie areies toe. > ben eres albopunctatus, Macq.
Abdomen yellowish, with broad black bands

On each SevmMent, grape en Wer tes sa ccsle queenslandi, sp. 0.
Abdomen black, with white spots ........ punctatus, sp. D.

Chrysopogon albopunctatus, Macq.
Dasypogon spinther, Walker.

Tvpe of D. spinther, Wik., a male from W. Australia
Clifton), and other specimens from Freemantle (J. -J/.
Walker) and Champion Bay, W. Australia (Du Boulay).

Walker’s type agrees with the description given by
Maequart, but in common with the other specimens it
has a narrow black band on the posterior half of the second
segment, which is also narrowly black anteriorly, and the
femora have a black band on the upper sides in Walker’s
type and some of the specimens.

Macquart’s type is not to be found in the Paris Museum.

Macquart’s description is as follows :—

Thorax with testaceous tomentum, white-spotted. Abdo-
men testaceous, with white spots; the base and the fourth
segment black. Moustache yellow. Legs testaceous.
Wings reddish.

Length 9 lines (2). Face with golden tomentum and
moustache pale yellow. Antenne : the first two segments
testaceous, the third wanting. Forehead black, anteriorly
with golden tomentum. ‘Thorax with reddish-brown tomen-
tum; spots on shoulders white tomentose, as well as two
small spots at base of wings; sides with a transverse band
of golden tomentum and two similarly coloured spots on
cach side of it; scutellum testaceous ; a golden tomentose
spot on each side of the metathorax. ‘Abdomen : : first seg-
iment black, second and third testaceous, fourth and anterior
border of fifth black ; rest of abdomen testaceous ; a small
yvellowish- white tomentose spot on each side of the second,
third, and fourth, on the posterior border. Legs testaceous,
with a spine. Wings reddish; the centre of cells almost
clear, the fourth posterior cell open,

New South Wales (WM. Guérin, Reiche).

The species is easily recognized by the yellowish abdomen
with black bands ; Macquart overlooked the spine on thorax
‘The third joint of antenne is the same colour as the others,
but twice as long as the two together, narrow, cylindrical.
Wings brownish yellow on fore border, the first and fourth

the Asilidee of Australasia. 483

posterior cells open but narrower at border, the small traus-
verse vein beyond the middle of discal cell.

Chrysopogon crabroniformis, Rider.

In Brit. Mus. Coll. one female from Queensland.

Réder created the genus for this species.

A handsome black and fulvous insect, with a stout abdo-
men fulvous at base and apex, with a broad black band on
the third and fourth segments. Leys fulvous. Face golden
yellow, with a yellow moustache. MWVings golden yellowish,
dark brown at apex and pale brown on posterior border ;
the first posterior cell closed far from border, the fourth
open, the anal cell not quite closed.

Length 20 mm.

Chrysopogon miilleri, Réder.

Described as black. Length 29-30 mm. From Victoria.

Face with yellow tomentum. Moustache pale yellow.
Antenne black. Thorax brownish, with three darker median
stripes, with pale yellowish triangular spots on the shoulders,
suture, and posterior border, and at apex of scutellum, the
spme on each side of thorax is present. Abdomen at base
pitchy black, from the third segmeut yellow, bordered ou
each segiment with black, leaving yellow spots, which are
small on the third, then larger, leaving only a black spot on
the sixth segment. Legs very stout, deep red; tibiz at
apices darker. Mings unged yellowish, with reddish veins ;
first posterior cell closed or very uarrow.

Chrysopogon fasciatus, 3 2, sp. nu.

Type ¢ ¢, both from Mackay, Queensland (G. Turner).

A species with black golden- banded abdomen, red legs and
antenuze, and greyish-brown wings ; all posterior cells and
the anal cell open.

Liength, ¢ 17,'9 15 mm.

Black. Face covered with grey tomentum and greyish or
yellowish short pubescence ; moustache composed of only a
tew yellowish or whitish bristles. Padpi reddish, with some
coloured pubescence. Antenne reddish yellow, long; the
first joint a little longer than the second, both with reddish-
yellow hairs ; third joint slender, nearly twice as long as the
first two. Forehead black, with a few reddish-yellow hairs
at sides. Thorax black, with some short fulvous tomentum
on dorsum ; shoulders and sides with golden tomentum ;
prothorax with a yellowish pubescent stripe, and thorax
with similar stripes three in number; scutellum black, with

A84 Miss G. Ricardo—A Levision of

golden tomentum. Abdomen same width throughout, black,
punctuated, the first segment black, the second and third
with narrow golden tomentose bands posteriorly, the fourth
and fifth with the same and with traces of another one on
their anterior borders, the sixth almost wholiy covered with
golden tomentum; underside black, with broad greyish-
yellow tomentose bands ; genital organs of male not pro-
truding, ovipositor of female dev eloped on underside. Legs
stout, red; cox black, with greyish tomentum; tarsi
slightly brown; fore tibize with the curved spine black,
posterior tibize ‘swollen at apex. Halteres yellow. Wings
brownish in male, greyish brown in female, paler at base,
veins on fore border ‘and at base yellow, elsewhere brown 2,

brown in Q@; first posterior cell open, not narrower at border ;
anal cell very narrow at border, small transverse vein just
beyond the middle of discal cell. In spite of the first poste-
rior cell being open, this species clearly belongs to the genus,
having the spine on the thorax very stout and black.

Chrysopogon punctatus, sp. n.

Type (¢) and another from S. Queensland (Dr. T. L.
Bancroft), 1908.

A handsome small black species marked with white spots.
Legs black. Wings deep brown.

Length 12 mm.

Face covered with silvery-grey tomentum and with a
central deep black stripe. Moustache of pale yellow bristles.
Proboscis black, large. Palpi black, with black hairs and
some white ones at base. Antenne black, the third joint
wanting. Forehead black. Prothorax, thorax, breast, and
scutellum black. Thorax with four small spots, sides and
base, stripes on breast and scutellum wholly, with glistening
white tomentum. Abdomen black, same coloured spots on
side of each segment. Legs black, the cox with glistening
white tomentum. Wings ance paler on hind border, and
first posterior cell almost wholly hyaline.

Chrysopogon queenslandi, sp. n.

Type (¢) from Queensland (C. M. Kelsall), 1910; type
(?) from Queensland (F. P. Dodd), 1907.

A small yellow-and-black species, abdomen and legs short
and robust. Prothorax much developed. Head as “wide as
thorax. Wings with all posterior cells open.

Length 14 mm.

Male. — Face blackish, with silvery-grey tomentum ;
moustache of pale yellow bristles arranged round oral

the Asilidee of Australasia. 485

opening. Pa/pi blackish, with paler hairs. Antenne reddish
yellow ; the first two joints small, with a few yellow hairs and
black bristles on apex of second joint on lower border; the
third joint bare, cylindrical, almost twice as long as the first
two joints together ; the small spine distinct, the style blunt,
blackish. Forehead shining black in the centre. Hind
border of head armed with two bristles, the short hairs round
head are yellowish. Prothorax black. Thorax blackish
brown, with grey tomentum; three black stripes visible ;
shoulders and sides covered with golden tomentum; breast
black, with glistening white tomentum and with two shining
blue-black stripes, the first one opposite the first pair of legs,
the second one, which is blacker and subdivided, below the
base of wings; the stout spine is black, piaced just above
the base of wings. Scutellum covered with golden-yellow
tomentum. Abdomen yellow, black at base, aad with broad
black bands on anterior border of segments; on sides of
segments a tomentose square grey spot appears. Legs
reddish yellow ; cox black, math grey tomentum ; femora
largely black ; apices of tibiee and the tarsi reddish brown or
blackish. Wings clear, the first posterior cell a little nar-
rower at opening; anal cell not quite closed ; genital organs
small. '

Female similar to the male, but the dark bands on abdo-
men are wider and blue-black ; ovipositor large, black. Legs
more largely reddish.

A female from West Australia is probably a specimen of
this species, though the black bands on abdomen are almost
wholly obsolete.

Chrysopogon splendidissimus, 3 2.

Type ¢, type ?, and another male, all from West Aus-
tralia; the males from Champion Bay (4. Du Boulay) and
the female from W. Australia (G. Clifton).

A large handsome species with a reddish-yellow thorax
and abdomen, the latter black at its base and on the sides
of the third and fourth segments, underside black ; antennze
and legs yellowish, femora black. Wings yellow, grey at
apex and on inner border, the first posterior cell closed.

Length, ¢ 23-380 mm.; ? 23 mm. without ovipositor.

Fulvous. Face wrinkled, reddish with golden tomentum ;
the moustache composed of golden-coloured bristles bor-
dering the mouth. Palpi reddish yellow with yellow hairs.
The hairs round head above and below black. Antenne
reddish yellow, the first two joimts with yellow pubescence ;
the third joint twice as long as the first two, with a short

486 Miss G. Ricardo—A Revision of

rudimentary end style. Forehead same colour as face.
Thorax black, reddish yellow on the dorsum, with golden
tomentum, the spine reddish yellow; seutellum black.
Abdomen the same width throughout ; the first segment and
anterior border of second black, shining ; the third with an
isosceles triangular black spot ‘at each side, the apices ex-
tending nearly to the middle of the segment along the
posterior border; on the fourth there is a similar but ill-
defined smaller spot in the female type, in the males the
sides of the fourth and fifth segments are narrowly black,
pubescence on dorsum chiefly fulvous, on the sides of abdo-
men black; underside wholly black ; ovipositor of female
short, fulvous; genital organs of male small, almost hidden,
fulvous. Legs same colour as greater part of abdomen, the
coxee and femora shining black, with black pubescence.
Wings yellowish, with yellow veins tinged with grey at apex
and on inner border, all posterior cells except the first
widely open, the anal cell open, but very narrow, at border,
small transverse vein just beyond the middie of discal cell.
Halteres yellowish.

The antenne in this species and in C. queenslandi have the
small style on the lower border of the third joint, aud the
upper gorder is excised and armed with a small spine. Jn
the other species the end of joint seems broken off. Pro-
bably this characteristic will prove generic; the genus,
however, is easily distinguished by the spine on thorax.

Bracuyrruopoia, Macquart.

Dipt. Exot. Suppl. i. p. 51 (1847).

This genus was formed by Macquart for his species
B. ruficornis, from Tasmania, to which, later, a second species
was added by Réder, originally named by Macquart Dasy-
pogon maculinervis ; and Professor Réder added two new
species, one of wich however, is a synonym of a species
erroneously placed by Macquart under Codula, who also
had described one species earlier under Dasypogon which
belongs to this genus.

The genus belongs to the group with a curved spine at
end of tore tibie, and is characterized by the club-shaped
abdomen and the wings with all posterior cells and the anal
cell open. Antenne hardly the length of head as Macquart
states ; the first joint a little long, the second short, the
third three times as long as the first joint, nearly straight
above, a little convex below, and attenuated at the base:
Bigot in his description of the type (ste) of B. maculinervis

the Asilidee of Australasia. 487

which he sent to Prof. Réder (see Wien. ent. Zeit. 11. p. 273)
speaks of them as two and a half times as long as the head.
Legs nearly naked, posterior femora with a few small bristles,
the posterior tibize swollen at apex.

The following are the species as yet recorded in this genus,
all from Australia and Tasmania :—

Bb. limbipennis, Macq., Dipt. Exot. Suppl. i. p. 190, pl. vii. fig. 8 [ Dasy-
pogon)| (1844). B. maculinervis, Macq., Dipt. Exot, Suppl. iv. p. 369,
pl. vi. fig. 8 [Dasypogon) (1849); Réder, Stett. ent. Zeit. Jiii.

242 (1892). Dioctria tasmanie, Walker, Dipt. Saund. i. p. 85
(1851), et List Dipt. vi. Suppl. 2, p. 388 (1854).

. nitidus, Macq., Dipt. Exot. Suppl. i. p. 189 | Desyrcgon (1844).

. ruficornis, Macq., Dipt. Exot. Suppl. ii. p. 52, pl. i. Be. i 7 (1846).
(Type of genus.) Rider, Wien. ent. deat. ii p- 273 (1883) et
Stettin. entom. Zeit. liii. p. 242 (1842); Froggatt, Australian Insects,
p. 302 (1907).

. fenestrata, Macq., Dipt. Exot. Suppl. iv. p. 374, pl. vii. fig. 2 [ Coduda]
(1849). B. victoriz, Réder, Stett. ent. Zeit, lili. p. 24 (1892).

. maculata, Roder, Wien. ent. Zeit. ii. p. 274 (1883), et Stett. ent.
Zeit. liii. p. 242 (1892).

. fulva, sp. nu.

oie)

Dw Ww

1. Wings hyaline, tinged yellow on fore border ;
Geemienm and leps red |. .,. 2.2.2... een nitidus, Macq.
Wings brownish, hyaline in centre .......... 2:
Wings hyaline, brown at base................ 3.
Wings hyaline, brown on the fore border ...... 4.
Wings anteriorly golden, with a transverse brown
band MG Tisteiep aja le pis) sara (eis, « = jel aie «5 fe e¥e) vive 6 © o dD.
2. Abdomen black with narrow yellow bands .... fenestrata, Macq.
Abdomen reddish yellow, black at base and with
black bands on apical segments .......... Sulva, sp. n.
. Abdomen black with yellow PCTIGEDS ee on ruficornis, Macq.

. Abdomen reddish brown or blackish brown ..., Limbipennis, Macq.
. Abdomen ochraceous, with the fourth segment
SEUSS 2 se eee maculata, Roder.

Ore oO

Brachyrrhopola limbipennis, Macq.

Brachyrrhopola maculinervis, Macq. { Dasypogon).
Dioctria tasmaniea, Walker.

Type of B. limbipennis, 2 , Macq., seen in Paris Museum,
12. 4. 11, is a male, not a female as on label and in de-
scription, identical with a specimen of D. tasmanie, and
comes from Tasmania.

The type of B. maculinervis, described as a mutilated
headless female, appears from the description and the figure
of the wing to be identical with Macquart’s earlier species.

In Brit. Mus. Coll. : type of D. tasmanie, a male, from
Tasmania, and a male and female from Melbourne (French) ;
others from Burpengary, S. Queensland (Dr. T. ZL. Bancroft),

488 A Revision of the Asilidee of Australasia.
and from Hobart (J. J. Walker). In Mr. French’s coll.

specimens from Victoria.

A species easily recognized by the dark colouring on fore
border of wing. Reddish brown, with two o yellowish narrow
segmentations on abdomen.

Type(g)12 mm. Bigot gives 18-21 mm. for B. maculi-
nervis. Specimens range from ]2—20 mm.

Face covered with greyish or yellowish tomentum, and
with two black shining stripes starting together from below
the antenne and becoming broader and separated below.
Moustache of many weak white bristles continued up the
face as whitish hairs. Palpi large, red, with many black
bristly hairs. Antenne red, the first two joints with black
hairs; the third about twice as long as the first two
together, with a distinct style. Forehead black, shining,
with numerous long white hairs. Thorax reddish, black on
dorsum, with scanty white pubescence, sides reddish, black
anteriorly, with three greyish or yellowish tomentose stripes,
one on the prothorax and the others above the second and
third pairs of legs. Seudellum reddish. Abdomen reddish,
shining, somewhat darker at base, the third and fourth seg-
ments with very narrow pale yellow posterior borders ; hairs
at sides whitish, and a little pubescence of the same colour
on dorsum. Genital organs in male prominent, with long
white pubescence ; in the female the ovipositor small, ending
in acirclet of spines. Legs the same colour as abdomen,
the tibiz at base bright yellow, femora largely black below,
bristles black. Wings ‘large, hyaline, with deep brown
colouring on the fore border, extending from the base to
the apex, filling the first broad cell and the base of the
second one, reaching across the base of it and of discal and
fourth posterior cells, then bordered by the third longi-
tudinal vein till it reaches the fork, where it spreads slightly
beyond the posterior vein of fork, leaving the apex of second
submarginal cell clear.

This description is chiefly taken from Walker’s type and
from the specimen identified with D. limbipennis, both males,
together with a female from Melbourne.

‘Some of the other specimens vary in the following parti-
culars, but appear to be the same species, none of them
varying in the extent of colouring of the wing :—The face is
black in the centre or reddish. Moustache black. Only
the posterior tibiz are yellow at base, or none are yellow,
the knees above representing this colour. The yellow seg-
mentations on abdomen are absent.

[To be continued. }

THE ANNALS

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,

(EIGHTH SERIES. }

No. 53. MAY 1912,

LI. — A Structure in Adeonella (Laminopora) contorta
(Michelin) and some other Bryozoa, together with Remarks
on the Adeonide. By ArtHur Wm. Waters, F.L.S,

[Plates X. & XI.]

Some specimens of Adeonide will be dealt with in papers,
almost ready, on collections made by Mr. Cyril Crossland,
M.A., F.L.S., at Zanzibar and Cape Verde Islands ; but
having come upon a most curious structure in several species
of the family it seems well to deal provisionally with it, as
thereby I may receive help towards clearing up several un-
explained points.

Many years ago I saw in Adeonella polystomella, Reuss,
from Naples, bodies looking like short parasitic worms nearly
filling up the zocecium. ‘These slides have been examined at
various times and it seemed asif the structure really must be
Bryozoan, though satisfactory proof was not seen at the
time. However, when J found the same thing in Adeonella
lichenoides, M.-Edw., from Cape Horn, that seemed to show
that it could not be parasitic. While looking upon this as
one of the numerous puzzles we have in the Bryozoa, some
well-preserved Adeonel/a contorta, Mich., from the Cape
Verde Islands showed numbers of these bodies in which
much more detail was visible than in the two previous
species. Again, in cutting Adeonella polymorpha, Busk,
from Bass’s Straits (‘Challenger’) for confirmation, only

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol, ix. 33

490 Mr. A. W. Waters on a Structure in

one of these same bodies was found in the slides prepared.
None have been found in sections of Adeonella platalea,
Busk ; in Adeonellopsis distoma *, Busk ; in a new Adeonel-
loysis from Zanzibar shortly to be described ; nor in Adeona
foliacea, var. fascialis, Kirchenpauer. This is the limit of
material as yet available, some of which was in poor condition,
and itis much to be wished that sections should be cut of
several Adeone and Adeonellopsis besides more Adeonelle.
For a time it seemed as if this was a character peculiar to
Adeonidze or perhaps only Adeonella, but I came upon a
forgotten note concerning a similar structure in Retepora
cellulosa, L., from Naples, and now find it in Retepora
mediterranea, Smitt, and R. elongata, Smitt, from Franz
Josef Land. Although found in one specimen of R. cellulosa
from Naples, other specimens from there and from other
localities are without it in the sections cut. Similarly the
first specimens cut of A. contorta, M., showed nothing of the
kind.

These masses frequently nearly fill up a zocecium (Pl. X.
figs 1, 6, 9) in which the ordinary testes or ovaria are in
many cases well developed, and usually a polypide or bud
also occurs at the side or over the body, and the zoeecia
containing them are frequently close to the zocecia or rather
gonoecia with an embryo. The separate bodies are embedded
in what may for convenience be called a matrix, and about
twenty seems to be an average number ; they are elongate or
oval, and round in section (Pl. X. figs. 3, 4, 7, 8). Some-
times a few are more or less separated, and one such body is
ciliated all round in a transverse section (Pl. XI. fig. 9).
The contents are not always the same, but represent various
stages: one stage has large dark cells (in carmine-hemato-
xylin) (Pl. X. figs. 2, 8, 4) of vather varying forms, in
one direction often more or less triangular with a large dark
nucleus (Pl. X. fig. 2,c); another stage shows these cells
with a large nucleolus and a nucleus in the cell (PI. X.
fig. 6) or with nucleus and nucleolus with the cell more
irregular, often amoeboid in shape, and the body now lined
with square cells, Some of these bodies, which remind us of
planula, have the cells much more numerous, closer together,
and with much smaller nucleus (Pl. XI. fig. 3,1). There
are other bodies, usually one in each mass (PI. X. figs. 1
and 2, t.g.), filled with a structure composed of small nuclei or

* This has sometimes been described as A. coscinopora, Rss., but
as Reuss in his papers described two or three species as coscinopora

a name had better be dropped, since there must always be uncertainty
about it.

Adeonella (Laminopora) contorta, de. 491

cells round hollow spaces, and this stains more than any
other part, and this so much resembles parts of testes as seen
in some species, that it was examined with this idea, but no
confirmation was found. This Adeonella contorta material
has been in spirit some time and there is contraction from
the walls of the zocecia, but this is not the case in sections
of Adeonella polystomella.

The specimens have not shown the relationship of all the
parts, and we want to know more about the earlier stages,
though in Retepora cellulosa, L., some quite small masses
have been seen growing from the lateral wall (Pl. X.
fig. 5) and some small masses near the basal wall in Adeo-
nella contorta, and further material may supply missing
links,

In A. conforta I have found some zocecia containing a
reticulum upon which there are a number of oval cells *,
looking like enlarged nuclei, which stain deeply (PI. XI.
figs. 1,2). These cells are sometimes much enlarged and
irregular in shape and are often seen to be forming groups,
which may ultimately be found surrounded bya wall. Some
of the bodies are seen in this reticulum, which reminds us of
the reticulum in the ovicells of the Cyclostomata and is really
a great development of mesenchym cords.

In some cases there are groups of five or six nearly round
cells with a small nucleus (Pl. XJ. figs. 7, 8), later on we
see them enclosed showing the early definite form of the
body.

A polypide or bud is frequently found at the side of the
mass (PI. XI. fig. 6, b), and sometimes part of a polypide
is enclosed, though in many cases this is only apparently so,
the mass surrounding part of the polypide alone being
bounded by the mesenchym tissue. These groups of bodies
are contained in zocecia in various conditions, for they may
occur near to zocecia (goncecia) with fully developed embryo

Pl. XJ. fig. 5) or to zocecia almost filled with testes
(Pl. XI. fig. 4), and occur in the same zocecla as the
ovaria or spermatozoa, but most frequently in zocecia with
buds in various stages ; small masses are found in zocecia
with polypides in full activity, but as a general rule where
the mass is large the polypide has mostly degenerated.

The order of growth seems to be from the stage repre-
sented in Pl. XI. figs. 7, 8, through stages shown in
‘several figures, to Pl. XI. fig. 3, 51, then to Pl. XI.

* A small light spot or vacuole is seen in these cells, but cannot always
be made out with a ;', immersion; in some of the larger cells there are

seyeral spots. No nucleus is visible.
33*

4992 Mr. A. W. Waters on a Structure in

fig. 3,62, Pl. X. fig. 2,c: subsequently these large cells
disappear, first part of the contents, then the nucleus, and a
number of small dark cells float about attached to very fine
plasma-threads, which at first looked like tails of spermatozoa,
but they are attached to several dark cells and it would
appear as if they are plasma-threads with nuclei upon them.
These points will have to be worked up with fresh material
by younger eyes to whom high power work is less trying.

Beside the interest in the structure and function there is
the question of its occurring in several Adeonelle, in fact in
most examined, and it will no doubt be a character of classi-
ficatory value.

In Adeonella the embryo is very large, often in an enlarged
zocecium, called a goncecium *; on the other hand, Jtetepora
has well-developed ovicells with moderate-sized embryos, and
large oral glands, whereas none have as yet been found in
the Adeonidee. Sections have been cut of Retepora antarctica,
Waters; BR. Couchit, Hincks; R. frigida, W.; R. hippo-
crepts, W.; R. hirsuta, Busk; R. lepralioides, W.; R. pro-
ducta, B., without any of the bodies being found.

In A. contorta, &c., these bodies occur in zocecia in which
a large number of the polypides are in full activity, and in
which there are many embryos and testes; but | have not
found them in zoaria, where almost every zocecium contains
a polypide, so that it may be that they only occur where
vitality is diminishing and they may remain when nearly all
the polypides have died down. As this probably is a
character of the Adeonide, a consideration of the family is

* Goncecium was used by Hincks for a modified zocecium set aside
for reproductive functions, and in speaking of the goneecium of Adeonidee
it has been considered that the cells for the embryo were all larger.
This is by no means the case, as I have seen in a considerable number of
species, though in perhaps the majority it may be larger. I may mention
as examples Adeona foliacea, var. fascialis, Kirchenpauer, which has the
embryo in a large sac near the distal end, and is about half the length of
a zocecium and occurs in all parts of the zoarium ; Adeonellopsis distoma,
B., in which, after examination of a considerable number, I have found
no zocecia specially larger than the others, but here, again, the embryo is
ina large sac at the distal end; Adeonella contorta, M., in which the
embryo is very large, about the length of a zocecium ; Adevnella poly-
scomella, Rss, (as redescribed by Manzoni), has all the zocecia of equal
size with the embryo in a thick-walled sac near the distal end of the
zcecium and rather less than half the length of a zowcium.

Nor must we imagine that an enlarged zocecium is necessarily only for
a large embryo, as there will be a polypide in it, or it may be almost
filled with testes ; in fact the series of changes in contents may be some-
what similar to those known in the ordinary zoccia.

As previously explained, I shall continue to use ovicell as a general
term, and then we can say the ovicell is a “goncecium,” &e. &e.

nti

Adeonella (Laminopora) contorta, de. 493

advisable, for it is a group of great importance now, and
was in past times, so that when fully examined it may
receive a position higher than that of a family. Some other
points will be dealt with in forthcoming papers, and drawings
have been made, but as yet material is not available tor
complete studies.

There are a number of bilaminate species of Bryozoa,
most of which are strongly pigmented, either purple-violet or
dark brown: there are long pore-tubes from the inside of the
zocecium to the surface and similar pores connecting the
zocecia ; there are triangular * avicularia on the front of the
zocecia, and also frequently vicarious avicularia, both without
any transverse bar. These vicarious avicularia often occur
on the lateral borders of the zoarium. ‘here are no raised
ovicells, and the embryo which is surrounded by a thick-
walled sac is usually very large, developing in zocecia which
in some species are larger than the others, while in other
species there is no difference in size. No oral glands have
been found f.

Busk attempted to deal with the group in his ‘ Challenger’
Report, and created the genus Adeonella, but it has been
seen that his grouping must be largely modified even where
retained.

+ showed that in his Adeonella there were species in which
the pore entered into the zocecial chamber, while in others
the pore is above the operculum ; also in some the operculum
is nearly straight on the proximal border, in others there is a
broad curve showing that there is a wide sinus on the
aperture. I am now able to add that the species in which
the operculum is nearly straight or slightly curved also have
in nearly all cases a pore or perforated area entering into the
zocecial chamber, and this group has been called Adeonel-
lopsis § by MacGillivray, and we may expect it to be

* [have a specimen from S. Africa which I consider is the Adeona
intermedia, Kirchenpauer, which has, besides ordinary triangular avicu-
laria, large chambers at the side of the fenestrae directed laterally, and
closed by a chitinous cover with an absolutely straight lower edge and
semicircular dista] end. This is probably an avicularium similar to that
of Schizoporella linearis. Busk had the same species from Australia and
gave it the manuscript name Adeonella inequalis. 99.7.1. 2756, B. Mus,

+ Lhave found no embryo in specimens of Beania magellanica, B.,
from Naples, but sections of a specimen from Chatham Island contain a
very large embryo with a thick-walled sac nearly filling the zocecium.

_ ¥ “Chil. Bry. from Aldinga and the River Murray Cliffs, S. Australia.”
Quart. Journ. Geol. Soe. vol. xli. p. 282 (1885); “ Suppl. Report on the
Polyzoa,’’ Rep. Voyage of the ‘Challenger,’ vol. xxxi. pt. Ixxix. pp. 2 &

33 (1889). mt ’
§ Levinsen in his “Studies on Bryozoa” called this Lobopora, but
in his large work dropped the genus, as it is superfluous.

494 Mr. A. W. Waters on a Structure in

generally adopted, even if some limitations have to be made.
The group without a zocecia) pore presents more difficulties
and my suggestion was that it alone should be called
Adeonella, and it has even been doubted whether it should
remain in the same family.

Mr. Hincks criticised my placing A. polystomella, Rss.,
with the group, but his criticism seems to be based upon a
misapprehension: one reason he gives is that it has no
avicularia, whereas, although avicularia do not occur to all
zocecia, they are fairly abundant, with either one or two
narrow avicularia, without a cross-bar, to each zocecium.

Gregory * reviews very fairly the opinions expressed by
various workers and naturally lays great stress on the ovi-
cells being goncecia, and my restricted Adeonella falls into
his Adeonellidee; but he unfortunately makes a new genus
Schismoporella for Reuss’s Lepralia schizogaster, though
Reuss’s lastt figure shows that what Gregory calls a
“‘trypa”’ is really a narrow avicularium, so that the species
is an ordinary Schizoporella.

Levinsen } in his large work accepts my restricted Adeo-
nella; his Adeona has one or two simple ‘‘ ascopores ”’ §, and
includes the reticulate Adeona, namely what has been
understood as Adeona, together with ‘* Adeona violacea,”
Johnst., as a synonym of Adeonella insidiosa, Jull.; but this
point | am not prepared to accept at present, for Hincks’s
A. violacea and his var. e=cnstdiosa, Jullien, seem distinct
species, even if they fall into the same genus. Levinsen puts
Bracebridgia, MacG., under Adeonide. Adeonellopsis, ac-
cording to Levinsen, has one or several ascopores, whereas L
should say it has the proximal edge of the operculum straight
or nearly so, and has usually a perforate area (or sometimes
only a pore) in one or both forms of zocecia, with the pores
usually stellate.

We have on the outskirts of both the Adeonella and
Adeonellopsis difficulties, for in Adeonellathereis A. bimunita ||,
Hincks, which is deeply pigmented, has the long pore-tubes,
long triangular avicularia without a bar, also vicarious
avicularia of the Adeonide type, and goneecia rather larger

* “Brit. Paleogene Bryozoa,” Trans. Zool, Soc. Lond. vol. xiii. pt. vi.
p. 241 (1893).

t “Fossilen Bryozoen des CEst.-Ung. Miociins,” Denk. math.-naturwiss,
d. k. Akad. der Wissensch. vol. xxxiii. p. 161, pl. iii. fig. 10 (1874).

} ‘Morphological and Systematic Studies on the Cheilostomatous
Bryozoa,’ p. 282 (1909).

§ Gregory has called a pore perforating the front walla trypa, and
Jullien and Calvet have called the pore of Adeona &c. the spiramen, so
that ascopore scarcely seems required.

|| This is the Adeonella crassa, Busk, MSS.

Adeonella (Laminopora) contorta, &e. 495

than the ordinary zocecia, but the operculum fits into a
distinct sinus ; following on this is Adeonella (Laminopora)
contorta, Mich., a bilaminate erect species branching in
various directions, with short contorted bilaminate growths
springing at right angles from the main branches. It has
similar long narrow avicularia without any bar, long pore-
tubes, but no suboral pores, and a very long operculum.
This has most of the characters of Schizoporella ; but there
are large embryos, in a thick sac, within goneecia not
externally larger than other zocecia, though in sections they
appear to be larger. ‘The bodies now described in this paper
are fairly abundant and we have seen that they occur in
several other Adeonelle.

In Adeonellopsis there are three species with the same
sized flat branching zoarium, the oral aperture the same size
and shape, and a small avicularium on one side just below
the aperture ; but the first, A. distoma, Busk, has an area with
stellate perforations, the second, A. sudsulcata, Smitt, has
one round pore, while A. imperforata, Busk, has no pore.
This is not what we should have expected and creates a
difficulty in our classification, indicating that we must be
careful not to attach too much generic value to the structure
of the front wall.

The embryos of the Adeonide have not yet been described,
but in my forthcoming papers figures and descriptions of
some will be given. ‘lhe species available have been
Adeona foliacea, var. fascialis, Kirchenpauer; Adeonella
platalea, Busk; A. lichenoides, Lamk.; A. polymorpha,
Busk ; A. polystomella, Hincks ; A. contorta, Mich.; Adeo-
nellopsis distoma, Busk; and a new Adeonellopsis from
Zanzibar: and all except Adeona foliacea, var., Adeonellopsis
distoma, and Adeonella polystomella, Rss., have a large
embryo in a thick-walled sac, frequently filling up nearly
the whole zoecium. The embryo of Adeonella polystomella
is ina thick-walled sac, but it is smaller than the others.
In Lepralia cucullata *, Busk, which hasan internal embryo,
the sac is thin-walled like the tentacular sheath ; and in
Lepralia + and Schizoporella there are many cases in which

* Waters, ‘‘ Mar. Biol. of Sudanese Red Sea,” Bryozoa, Journ. Linn.
Soc., Zool. vol. xxxi. p. 150, pl. xv. fig. 4 (1909).

+ Among others the following have the ovicelligerous zocecia larger
than other zocecia :—

Lepralia depressa, Busk. Monoporella waipukerensis, Waters.
Lepralia bistata, Waters, fossil | Hipporina, Neviani.

from New Zealand. Hippothoa.
Lepralia cincta, Hincks, but with | Caleschara.

an ovicell. Many Catenicellidie.

Schizoporella subimmersa, MacG.

496 Mr. A. W. Waters on a Structure in

the ovicelligerous zocecia have a different shaped aperture,
larger than that of the ordinary zocecia, but more work is
required on the internal anatomy of these. The limits of
the group Adeonide will have to be based partly upon the
form of the embryo.

The bodies described in this paper occur in Adeonella
lichenoides, A. polystomella, B., A. polymorpna, B., A.con-
torta, Mich. ; ; but none were eal in specimens of A. platatea,
B., Adeonellopsis distoma, B., in the new Adeonellopsis
referred to, or in Adeona foliacea, var. fascialis, Kirch.: that
is, we have it in several Adeonel/@, but not as yet in
Adeonellopsis.

Now with regard to the characters of the Adeonide, the
pigment is common to //oloporella, and we must emphasize
the fact that it is not the pigmentation of an external mem-
brane, but of the contents of the pore-tubes and pigment-cells
over the surface ; the long tubular pores occur in Myriozoum,
Haswellia, &. The long narrow avicularium without any
bar is a character of considerable importance; but we also
find avicularia without any bar in some Membranipore, &c.,
and the projecting process to which Busk refers is well marked
throughout the group, but as it occurs in Cribilina, Micro-
porella, a large number of ALlembranipore, and other genera,
this character may be dismissed as of very secondary im-
portance. And with regard to the occlusor muscle being
single, as stated by Busk, this is the rule with triangular
mandibles, whereas the semicircular ones have two bands, so
this is a useless character ; ; but although none of the characters
given by Busk can stand as he stated them, yet apparently
he was right in appreciating that there was the group
Adeonide.

All the ovaria of Adeonide seen, excepting <Adeona
foliacea, var. fascialis, consist of two ovarian cells or
occasionally three, and with the exception mentioned, no
large ovarian cell has been met with. ‘lhe ovaria originate
near the distal end, although close to the proximal end of
large embryos one or even three small ovarian cells sometimes
occur. In A. foliacea, var. fascialis, K., the ovaria at first
consist of two rather small ovarian cells, but later on one
may attain a moderate size.

In the Bryozoa there are sometimes ovaria with only two,
or perhaps three, small ovarian cells, neither of which grows
to any large size, but passes into the ovicell quite small. In
opposition to this there are ovaria with many ovarian cells,
one or more of which often attain to a considerable size.

Adeonella (Laminopora) contorta, éc. 497

The first I would call the bicellular and the second the
multicellular ovaria, though, as the multicellular forms may
pass through a stage somewhat like the bicellular, it must be
presumed that sufficient material is available before stating
to which group ovaria belong. In Bugula the ovarium is
bicellular and is formed at the proximal end near to the
excum, passing into the ovicell when quite small. In
Scrupocellaria the ovarium is multicellular and near the
distal end, with some of the ovarian cells very large. Some
forms, recently removed from Bugula by Levinsen, have the
multicellular form, showing by this that they are not so
closely allied to Bugula as was previously supposed. ‘There
are other genera in which the study of the ovaria is going to
give us some classificatory assistance.

The Adeonidz in its fullest sense is a most important
group in the Tertiary and Cretaceous periods, as I have seen
in the examination of my Cretaceous collections, and a study
of Hagenow’s and other plates suggests that a large number
belong to this group, though in but few is there any difference
in the size of the goneecia and other zocecia.

There are gonecia in the fossil Poricella*, Canu; in
Smittistoma, Canu, Schizostoma, Canu, Calvetina, Canu ;
also in the family Meniscoporide, including Portstoma,
Canu, Meniscopora, Gregory: but although an external
difference in size of the ordinary and goncecial zocecia has
been seen in some species of Adeonellidze and its allies, both
recent and fossil, it must be repeated that in very many no
difference can be found, and this is the case in many Chalk
fossils which will probably be found to belong to the
group fT.

It is a noticeable fact that as we go back in the geological
record the number of genera with external ovicells becomes
much less numerous. Inthe Tertiaries the Adeonellide and
Meniscoporidze with goncecia were largely represented, as
were also the Onychiocellide, which have an internal sac for
the development of the embryo, also their ally Cellaria has
no raised ovicell. In the Cretaceous the number with external
ovicells is still more reduced. The older workers were not
as keenly on the lookout for ovicells as a useful classificatory
character as we are, but that is by no means the chief reason
why so few have been described fossil.

* “ Bryozoaires des terrains tert. des env. de Paris,’ Ann. de Paléont.
vol. ii. p. 46 (1907); and Etude des Bry. Tert..... dela Tunisie, p. 28
(1904).

+ The common Tertiary “ Eschara” monilifera has gonecia.

498 Mr. A. W. Waters on a Structure in

Adeonella (Laminopora) contorta (Michelin).
Laminopora contorta, Michelin, Magasin de Zoologie, 1842, pl. iii.

I saw several specimens marked Laméinopora contorta in
the Museum a’Hist. Nat. in Paris and found that it had been
described by Michelin. I have since seen it in several
museums, from the North Atlantic, mostly from the Cape
Verde Islands. However, there are two specimens in the
British Museum marked the Red Sea. One of these is known
to have been bought at a sale, or in some such way, but the
other is marked “ Mrs. Robinson bequest,” so that we must
conclude it occurs in the Red Sea, but it did not come before
me when I was at work upon the Red Sea fauna. ‘There is
also in the British Museum a specimen from Cape St. Vincent,
Spain, 54. 11. 15. 334-336, and some specimens from “ Jolin
Adams Bank,”’. which, according to Harmer*, is near the
Abrolhos Island, Brazil. There is another Abrolhos Island
off W. Australia. ‘These specimens had the manuscript
names Hschara and Adeonella dolichostoma, Busk.

Calvet records it from the Cape Verde Islands f and in the
same work describes Gemellipora arbuscula, Calvet, from
the same locality f{. his has not the numerous short branches
at right angles to the main branch, but it is like A. contorta
and may be a colony before subsequent lateral growih had
formed. Both have large lateral avicularia along the border
of the zoarium, with broad triangular mandibles directed
distally.

The specimens from which I cut sections were collected
by Crossland from Boa Vista, Cape Verde Islands, and will
be described with his collection from Cape Verde Islands.
As the opercula are very thick and there is some gritty
matter enclosed during growth it has been difficult to get
good serial sections.

In a branch it often happens that the opposite zocecia are
of the same kind—that is, zocecia containing an embryo are
often opposite, as are zocecia nearly filled with testes, and
also zocecia with the bodies described are often opposite.
Should it be found advisable to separate A. contorta from
Adeonella then Laminopora may stand.

In A. contorta and some fossil Adeonide there is a tubule
over the operculum in some of the older zocecia ; but although

* “Revision of the Genus Steganoporeda,”’ Quart. Journ. Mier. Sci.
vol, 43, n. s. p. 254 (1900).

t+ Expéd. Se. du ‘ Travailleur ’ et du ‘ Talisman,’ p. 420 (1907).

{ Loe. cit. p. 426, pl. xxvii. figs. 16-19.

Adeonella (Laminopora) contorta, &c. 499

this reminds us of the tubule on the closure of many Cyclo-
stomata it is very different, as it occurs over the operculum,
and in sections where there has beena second layer of zoacia
this is seen like an inverted funnel attached to the tissues of
the zocecium below the operculum.

As Michelin’s description is in a periodical not readily
obtained it is now repeated: “ Laminopora fixa, ramosa,
subcompressa, ramulis lamellosis, brevibus divaricatis, con-
tortis, raro coalitis; extremitatibus undulatis, porosissimis ;
poris utraque superficie, terminalibus, subrotundis, szepe
obstructis ; fuscante.”

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES,

PLATE X.

Fig. 1, Adeonella contorta, Mich. Xx 150. Section of a zocecium nearly
filled with the described bodies in a plasma mass, surrounded
by mesenchym tissue. ‘The left-hand body (¢.g.) near to the
opercular aperture stains much more than any others. The
various bodies vary considerably in structure, and this mass
may be taken as quite characteristic, a large number of
practically similar ones having been seen.

Fig. 2. Ditto. x 720. Part of the above more magnified, showing the
left-hand tube-like body partly filled with a deeply staining
growth (t4.7.).

. 3,4. Ditto. x 720. Transverse sections of bodies.

Fy. 5. Retepora cellulosa, L. X 250. A small mass growing on the

lateral wall of the zowcium,

#iy. 6. Adeonella contorta, M. X 250, Section of a zocecium showing
a mass with several bodies and a part of a bud (6) by the
side, but not enclosed in the mass; pore-tubes ( p.) full of
dark cells; outer membrane (0.m.) of the zoarium; oper-
culum (op.) ; walls of the zocecium (w.z.). ‘This specimen is
somewhat difficult to understand, as it has the appearance of
being reversed.

Fig. 7. Ditto. X 720. Transverse section of body.
Fig. 8. Ditto. X 720. Longitudinal section of body.
Fig. 9. Ditto. X 250. Transverse section showing mass with several

bodies, and here the histolysing remains of the tentacles of a
polypide are enclosed in the mass,

Fig. 10. Ditto. X25. ‘Transverse section showing several masses in
zocecia, and other zocecia in which the tentacles, stomach,
&c. are seen in vigour. Zoccia a,c, d, f, m show sections
of the polypide; 6, g, 7, %, 7 show masses of the bodies
described ; A, 7 show the opercular muscles ; e is empty.

PxiateE XI.

Fig. 1. Adeonella contorta, Mich. X 320. Zocecium containing mass
with dark cells of varying sizes on a reticulum formed of
anastomosing plasma. Two of the bodies described are seen

500 Mr. H. H. Druce on new

in this mass and outside it part of a polypide. The tentacles
(t.) are cut through diagonally and the stomach (st¢.) has
cilia and evidently the polypide was in vigour.

Fig. 2. Ditto. x 720. Part of the same mass more magnified.

Fig. 3. Ditto. x 250. Mass showing one body with numerous cells
close together and with a small nucleus (61) and another
(62) in which they are much larger, further apart, and with
a much larger nucleus. This and other parts figured were
examined with a ;, immersion and reduced.

Fig. 4. Ditto. x 25. Section of the end of a branch in which there
are two zocecia (c, d) almost filled up with testes, and zocecia
(a, e, g) with several of the bodies described.

Fig. 5. Ditto. x 25. “Section of the end of a branch in which there
is one embryo (c) and several of the bodies (a, e, h, 2).

Fig. 6. Ditto. x 85. Mass with the early stage represented by two
groups of cells near the middle, and also other small bodies.

Figs.7,8. Ditto. > 720. The early groups of cells more magnified.

Fig. 9. Ditto. x 720. Body with cilia.

Fig. 10. Ditto. x85. Mass in zocecium with some of the bodies
separated as anindependent group. Muscles of the zocecium
shown at the side.

Fig. 11. Ditto. x 250. Testis nearly filling up a zcecium (see fig. 4).

LII.—Descriptions of some apparently new Butterflies from
Borneo and one from Africa. By Hamitton H. Druce,
F.L.S. &e.

Lycenid2.

Lycenopsis shelfordii, de Nicév.

Lycenopsis shelfordii, de Nicéy. J. B. N. H.S. xiv. p. 245, pl. FF,
fig. 7, d (1902).

9. Upperside: fore wing white, with the costa, apex, and
termen broadly smoky brown, the basal and discal area
suffused with pale opalescent pearly blue. A small brown
spot closing the cell. Hind wing pale smoky brown, with
the discal area whitish and the base slightly suffused with
opalescent blue ; an indistinct submarginal row of lunules.
Underside as male, but ground-colour paler and spots rather
larger.

Hab. Borneo. Batu Lawi Expedition (J. C. Moulton).

The female described above, together with a male captured
on the same expedition whose genitalia Dr. Chapman has
kindly examined and confirmed as JZ. she/fordii, will be
placed in the British Museum. The male was taken on
May 20th, the female on May 21st.

Butterflies from Borneo and Africa, 501

Hesperiidae.

Pedestes bononoides, sp. n.

3. Upperside uniform dull brown, shading to bronze-
brown towards base of fore wing, which bears a discal series
of eight semilhyaline yellowish-white spots, varying in size,
the largest being in cell 2, the two spots placed towards the
end of the discoidal cell being about equal to the two sub-
apical spots; cilia of both wings inclining to ochreous.
Hind wing without markings. Underside dull reddish brown,
fore wing with the spots as above and the dorsum rather
broadly greyish brown. Hind wing with several basal and
a discal semicircular row of very indistinct spots darker than
the ground-colour. Antenne black; club ochreous below,
with a black tip. Palpi ochreous, sprinkled with dark brown
hairs. Abdomen brown above, pale ochreous below.

?. Similar to male, but larger, and in the specimens
before me the semicircular row of spots on the hind wings
below is more clearly defined.

Expanse, ¢ 33, 2? 35 mm.

Hab. Matang Road, Sarawak, British N. Borneo (Moulton) ;
taken in March and July. Types Mus. Druce.

Arrangement of spots on fore wing much as in Zsma idyalis,
de Nicév. J. A. S. B. vol. Ixvi. p. 572, pl. iv. fig. 26 (1897),
but the upper spot in the cell is placed beyond the lower,
and there are no spots on the hind wings, ‘There are no
secondary sexual characters.

u
Scobura matanga, sp. n.

¢@. Allied to S. inarime, de Nicév.*, with the semi-
transparent spots clear yellow instead of white, the spot on
the fore wing between veins 2 and 3 being much more elon=
gate and without the dots in the cell of the hind wing above
and in cell 7 of the hind wing below. On the underside the
hind wing, instead of being golden yellow, is a dark russet-
brown, which colour is also spread over the costa and termen
of the fore wing. Abdomen brown, the base of each segment
paler below. Palpi ochreous, interspersed with brown hairs,
Antenne black above, yellow-spotted below; underside of
club ochreous, excepting the tip, which is black. Fore legs
brown, distinctly ochreous below, with brown hairs. Cilia on
both surfaces brown, slightly ochreous towards anal angle of
hind wing above.

Expanse 37 mm.

* Isma inarime, de Nicéy. J. B. N. H, 8. 1891, p, 391, pl. G, fig. 38, ¢.

502 Mr. H. H. Druce on new

Hab, Matang Road, Sarawak, British N. Borneo (Moulton).
Type Mus. Druce.

Also allied to S. bononia, Hew., but that insect, again, is
golden yellow on the underside and the clubs of the antennze
are ochreous on both surfaces. We have a specimen of
S. bononia from Borneo agreeing exactly with Hewitson’s
type. Mr. James Edwards has kindly examined the specimen
described above, and states that he does not know it.

MATAPOIDES, gen. nov.

Antenne: shaft rather long, terminal crook sickle-shaped.
Palpi: second joint thickly scaled, third joint concealed.
Fore wing: apex produced, termen nearly straight, dorsum
markedly convex, with its basal two-fifths distinetly con-
cave; cell narrow, half length of costa. Hind wing: apex
rounded, anal angle somewhat produced ; vein 5 obsolete,
cell very small, costal half bearing a large patch of long hairs
which are attached to the membrane in cell 7. Legs spinous,
hind tibia with two pairs of spurs. No linear sex-mark on
fore wing.

Type, Matapoides smaragdinus, sp. n.

Differs from Matapa, Moore, by the longer and sickle-
shaped antenne, by the shape of the wings, and by the much
shorter discoidal cells of both fore and hind wings.

Matapoides smaragdinus, sp. n.

3. Upperside: fore wing uniform dark brown, paler
towards the apex ; below the base of vein 2 is a narrow

brilliant iridescent emerald-zreen streak, which is only visible
when the insect is held at an angle; cilia concolorous with
wing. Hind wing dark brown, with the costal half shining

Butterflies from Borneo and Africa. 503

grey, bearing a large tuft of long black hairs attached below
vein 8. Cilia from the anal angle to the apex rich orange,
above vein 6 gradually becoming brown. Thorax and abdo-
men thickly clothed with shining emerald-green hairs, visible
only in some lights, as is also an emerald-green streak on
the hind wing near the dorsum.

Underside: both wings rich dark brown ; fore wing with
the dorsum from the margin to vein 3 shining greyish brown.
Cilia of both wings as on upper surface. Antennz brown,
club whitish above, brown below, tips brown. Head, palpi,
and legs brown ; anus yellow.

Expanse 55 mm.

Hab. Mt. Marapok, Dent Province, British North Borneo.
Type Mus. Druce.

Quite unlike any other Hesperid known to me.

Sepa tndistincta, sp. n.

3. Upperside: uniform dark brown; fore wing with a
discal series of four pale yellowish hyaline spots placed as
follows :—a minute dot in the centre of cell 1, a quadrate
spot narrowing towards its upper end between veins 2 and 3,
a circular spot above and adjoining vein 3, and a minute dot
at the lower extremity of the cell. There are two subapical
dots placed one above the other, the lower one being slightly
larger. A linear sex-mark between veins 1 and 2, inside
and bordering the hyaline spot, and continuing for a short
distance into cell 1. Hind wing without markings. Cilia
of both wings very slightly paler. Underside duller brown ;
fore wing with the dorsum paler, subapical and discal spots
as above, but the spot on cell 1 is much larger and has its
edges indistinctly defined. Hind wing with two minute
whitish dots towards the centre of the disc. Antenne black ;
club, excepting extreme tip, ochreous beneath. Palpi
ochreous, thickly interspersed with dark brown hairs.
Thorax, abdomen, and legs concolorous with wings.

Expanse 40 mm.

Hab. Matang Road, Sarawak, British N. Borneo (Moulton).
Type Mus. Druce.

Closely allied to S. (Parnara) miosticta, de Nicév. J. B.
N. H.S8. 1891, p. 385, pl. G, fig. 31, 3, but has a spot in
cell 3 and but one in the discoidal cell. The sex-mark, which
was not noted by de Nicéville, but is described by Messrs.
Elwes and Edwards, is confined to cell 2 in S. miosticta, and
in S. indistincta extends to cell 1. ;

504 On new Butterflies from Borneo and Africa.

Parnara perobscura, sp. 0.

3+ Upperside uniform rich dark brown, slightly greenish
towards the base in both wings. Fore wing with a minute
semihyaline white dot in the cell placed beyond the middle
and close to its upper wall. Usually two, sometimes one or
three, minute subapical white dots. A semihyaline white
dot at the base of cell 3, and a larger more or less crescent-
shaped spot inwardly below it in cell 2. In cell 1 near the
middle resting on vein 1 is a minute bright yellow spot. On
the hind wing near the centre of the disc are one or two
minute whitish dots, which may be entirely obsolete. On
the underside the ground-colour is dark brown, with the
whole surface of both wings except the dorsum of the fore
wing thickly sprinkled with dark ochreous scales. The spots
on both wings appearas on the upper surface. Cilia fuscous,
paler towards the tornus on both surfaces. Palpi pale
ochreous, with some brown hairs. Antenne pale below,
black above. Abdomen brown above, pale ochreous below.

?. Like the male, but paler, usually with an additional
subapical dot placed close to the costa on the fore wing, and
with the minute dots on the hind wing more clearly detined.

Expanse, ¢ 30-34, 9 31-32 mm.

Type, ¢, Mus. Druce; co-types, g ?, Mus. Hope.

Hab. Addah, West Africa (Burt, Mus. Druce); ¢ 9,
N.E. of Entebbe, about 4000 feet (C. A. Wiggins, Mus.
Hope).

We have long possessed the male specimen from Addah,
and on receipt of other specimens by Professor Poulton I
have ventured to name this obscure insect. It belongs to
the group containing P. ochracea, Holland, and P. micans,
Holland, the former of, which it much resembles on the
underside, excepting that the semihyaline spots on the fore
wing are very different, being much smaller. P. micans is a
totally different colour, described by Dr. Holland as “ Mars
brown.” We have specimens of both these species, the males
of each being without the bright yellow dot in cell 1 of the
fore wing. LP. perobscura is also much like /. auritinctus,
Butl., but the apex of the fore wing in that species is much
more produced and the termen is straight; the ground-
colour is paler and the hind wing especially is more golden

yellow.

On new Cichlid Fishes from South America. 505

LIII.—Deseriptions of new Cichlid Fishes from South
America in the British Museum. By C. Tate Recan, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Nannacara tenia, sp. n.

Depth of body 23 in the length, length of head 33. Snout
shorter than eye, the diameter of which is 32 in the length of
head and equal to the interorbital width. Depth of pre-
orbital 4 the diameter of eye. Maxillary not extending to
below eye ; jaws equal anteriorly ; fold of lower lip con-
tinuous ; 2 series of scales on cheek, 1 series on preeoper-
culum ; 5 short gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch.
Scales 24 53 4a scale between upper lateral line and dorsal
fin for most of its length. Dorsal XVI 7; last spine 4 the
length of head; soft fin extending to anterior part of caudal.
Anal III 7. Pectoral not quite so long as head; ventrals
extending to vent. Caudal rounded. Caudal peduncle ? as
long as deep. A dark oblique stripe from eye to inter-
operculum ; a broad dark longitudinal stripe from eye to base
of caudal; narrower stripes at edges of series of scales on
body ; an oblique stripe from eye to interoperculum ; vertical
fins dusky.

A specimen of 42 mm. from the Amazon at Manaos,
presented by Herr J. Paul Arnold. Two much smaller
specimens (30 mm.) are similar to the type, but are not
included in the description.

The only other species of this genus is Nannacara anomala,
Regan, from the Essequibo; the types are 55 to 57 mm. in
total length, but the eye is larger and the interorbital space
narrower (respectively 34 and 44 in the length of head), the
dorsal spines are higher (last more than ? the length of head),
and there are differences in form and coloration also.

Geophagus pellegrint, sp. n.

Depth of body 24 to 23 in the length, length of head
22 to 23. Snout 223 to 3 in the length of head, diameter
of eye 3 to 43, interorbital width 4 to 43, depth of pre-
orbital 22 to 32. Maxillary not reaching eye; jaws equal
anteriorly ; lower lip with a deep lobe on each side ;
cheek with 6 series of scales ; 14 gill-rakers on lower part

of anterior arch. Scales 31 <, 1} or 2 between lateral line

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. ix. 34

506 On new Cichlid Fishes from South America.

and anterior rays of soft dorsal. Dorsal XVII 10; last
spine } or a little more than 3 the length of head. Anal
111 7-8. Dorsal and anal scaleless. Pectoral a little shorter
than head, extending to above the anal spines. Caudal
truncate or slightly emarginate. Caudal peduncle longer
than deep. A blackish blotch on and below the fourteenth to
sixteenth scales of the lateral line; traces of dark cross-bars
and of a lateral band ; a dark spot at base of caudal ; vertical
fins dusky.

Three specimens, 75 to 150 mm. in total length, from
Tado, Rio San Juan, Choco, S.W. Colombia, collected by
Mr. G. Palmer. Three smaller examples (45 to 60 mm.) are
not included in the description ; they have the same number
of scales and fin-rays as the types.

This species is related to G. camopiensis, Pellegrin, from
Guiana, which has XV-XVI 11-12 dorsal rays, and differs
also in the deeper preorbital and more anterior position of
the lateral blotch. I have much pleasure in naming this
species after Dr. Pellegrin, who has kindly sent me one of
the types of G. camopiensis for comparison.

Geophagus honda, sp. n.

Depth of body 22 to 23 in the length, length of head 3.
Snout 24 in the length of head, diameter of eye 4, interorbital
width 4 to 42, depth of preorbital 3 to 34. Maxillary not
reaching eye; jaws equal anteriorly ; fold of lower lip con-
tinuous or not ; cheek with 5 or 6 series of scales; 12 or 13
gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Scales 28-29 =,
14 between lateral line and anterior rays of soft dorsal.
Dorsal XVI 9-10 ; spines subequal from the fifth ; last 4 the
length of head. Anal III 7-8. Dorsal and anal sealeless.
Pectoral shorter than head, extending to above vent. Caudal
slightly emarginate. Caudal peduncle’ nearly as long as
deep. Body with faint bars bearing a series of blotches
along middle of side; soft vertical fins spotted.

Two specimens, 80 to 85 mm. in total length, from Honda,
Colombia, presented in 1909 by Sir Bryan Leighton.

This species is closely related to G. crassilabris, Steind.,
from Panama, but differs in the smaller head and fewer scales.
Dr. Pellegrin has very kindly informed me that the specimens
of @. crassilabris in the Paris Museum resemble Steindachner’s
type in having 24 series of scales between the lateral line
and the anterior ray of the soft dorsal.

Mr. ©. V. Burke on the Cyclogasteride. 507

Cichlosoma (Parapetenia) atromaculatum, sp. n.

Depth of body 2} to 2? in the length, length of head 2$ to 3.
Snout as long as or longer than eye, the diameter of which
is 34 to 3£ in the length of head; interorbital width 34 to 33.

ad

Depth of preeorbital 3 to 3 the diameter of eye. Maxillary
extending to below anterior margin, pramaxillary processes
to above anterior } of eye; jaws equal anteriorly; fold of
the lower lip continuous ; a pair of anterior canines in the
upper jaw, 2 pairs in the lower; cheek with 5 series of
scales; 7 or 8 gill-rakers on lower part of anterior arch ;
lower pharyngeals united by their straight inner edges ;
pharyngeal teeth conical. Scales 29-31 a 2 or 24 between
lateral line and base of anterior part of soft dorsal. Dorsal
XVII 10-11; spines subequal from sixth or seventh to
fourteenth or fifteenth, which are a little less than 4 the
length of head; last about 2 the length of head. Anal
VI 8-9. Pectoral ? the length of head, extending to above
vent or origin of anal; ventrals reaching anal. Caudal
rounded. Caudal peduncle somewhat deeper than long.
Body with 7 dark cross-bars bearing one series of blackish
spots above the lateral line and two below it; fourth bar
ending above in a spot at base of last three dorsal spines ;
sixth connecting a pair of spots at ends of bases of dorsal and
anal fins ; a spot at base of pectoral, another on upper part
of base of caudal; fins dusky, with traces of series of small
darker spots.

Four specimens, 85-115 mm. in total length, from Tado,
Rio San Juan, Choco, 8.W. Colombia, collected by Mr. G.
Palmer.

This species is related to C. urophthalmus.

LIV.— Note on the Cyclogasteride.
By Cuarues Vicror BURKE.

LitKen (1898) has called attention to the uncertainty
existing concerning the species of Cyclogaster and Care-
proctus and the validity of the latter genus. From an
examination of the work of other writers, notably that of
Collett (1880 and 1905) and Smitt (1893), we are forced to
agree with Liitken that there is a ‘hopeless Leparis ques-
tion,” especially as regards the species of the North Atlantic
and the Arctic Ocean north of Europe. This confusion has
b+

508 Mr. C. V. Burke on the Cyclogasterida.

resulted from the lack of an appreciation of the specific
characters and amount of specific variation. For instance,
we find that Cyclogaster liparis is described as having
D. 32-49; A. 26-38; P. 34-42. This amount of fin-ray
vaiiation certainly does not exist. It is doubtful if the
number of fin-rays in any of the species of Cyclogaster varies
more than six. It is probable that in Careproctus and Para-
liparis the number of fin-rays varies more than in Cyclogaster.

During the preparation of a monograph of the Cyclo-
gasterida I have had occasion to attempt to untangle the
chaotic condition of the literature dealing with the species
represented in the museumsof Europe. This has been found
to be an impossible task without an examination of the
material. Such an attempt can lead only to greater con-
fusion, The examination by a competent ichthyologist of
all the specimens of this family in the museums of Europe
would doubtless be very fruitful of results. I have found
eight undescribed species and a very aberrant genus in the
principal museums of the United States. The European
collections also doubtless contain undescribed species. From
the study of a large amount of material in the United States
it is possible to present a few notes which may aid any one
working with the specimens in the museums of Europe. It
is with this hope that the present paper is published.

A number of European writers have refused to recognize
the genus Careproctus, and have listed the species belonging
to this genus with those of Cyclogaster. The species of
Careproctus can be readily distinguished from those of
Cyclogaster by the absence of the posterior nostril. So far as
known, the two genera differ mainly in this single character.
Smitt (1893, p. 284) describes the adults of Cyclogaster
montagut as lacking the posterior nostril, but this doubtless
is an error. Cyclogaster is the only described genus in which
both nostrils are present. In addition to the loss of the
posterior nostril, the species of Careproctus have obtained a
distinct coloration from those of Cyclogaster. The coloration
may be considered a supplementary means by which we can
separate the species of the two genera. It probably will be
found to be of less importance than the difference in the
nostrils. The species of Careproctus are never variegated,
as is typical of the species of Cyclogaster. They lack the
mottlings, bars, stripes, and blotches nearly always present
on the body or fins of the species of the latter genus. The
coloration of the species of Careproctus varies from whitish
to pinkish, dusky, and black.

‘The species of Cyclogaster from the North Atlantic and

Mr. C. V. Burke on the Cyclogasteride. 509
Arctic Ocean can be identified by the following key. All

of these species have not been carefully studied by the writer,
because of the lack of material, but they appear to be well
defined and easily recognized when we become familiar with
the specific characters and the amount of variation. In this
key the many described varieties of Cyclogaster liparis are
not recognized. It is possible that more than one species is
grouped under this name. ‘This species is one not thoroughly
studied by the writer because of the want of material. It is
likely that one or more species not recognized here will be
found represented in the museums.

A. Peritoneum silvery or white, with few or no black dots.
B. Anal fin with less than 80 rays; dorsal fin usually
notched.
C. Pectoral fin with less than 30 rays.
D. Anterior dorsal sometimes elongate; prickles
sometimes present; dorsal rays more than 80.
MSA cate ce SMS) x 2) wi ghee, a <ioun' elp.0' aju ep Od cj0 atlanticus.
DD. Anterior dorsal rays never elongate; prickles
never present ; dorsal 80 or less. (European.).. montagut.
CC. Pectoral fin with more than 30 rays; pyloric cxeca

SME SE PST LA MoI. 2 chal [a p's 575 wield eisieidha(@ slofe vis.) liparis.
BB, Anal fin with more than 30 rays (84-37) ; dorsal fin
never notched; rays 41-44 .........0..:ee scenes: tunicatus.

AA, Peritoneum usually black, sometimes heavily pig-
mented with black; dorsal fin with 48 rays; anal 40;
eG 062 Serre NGuic con LOOT CMEC OOOTSS major.

The species of Careproctus are not so easily distinguished
as the species of Cyclogaster. This is because the specific
characters of the species of the former genus are more difficult
to examine and we have a smaller amount of material to work
with. We find three species (not counting gelatinosus,
Pallas) of Careproctus recorded from the North Atlantic and
Arctic Ocean. The validity of all of these species has
been questioned. These species are C. reinhardi (Kroyer),
1862; C. ranula (Goode & Bean), 1879 ; and C. micropus
(Giinther), 1898. A number of writers have regarded
C. reinhardi as identical with C. gelatinosus*. Garman (1892)
refers C. ranula to the synonymy of C. reinkardi. Liitken

* The description of Cyclopterus gelatinosus, Pallas (1769), is so un-
satisfactory that we are not justified in identifying any of our species
with that described by Pallas, Furthermore, the species described by
Pallas was obtained in the Pacific Ocean, and we are hardly justified in
identifying any of the North Atlantic species with it. This is especially
true when we consider that, as recent inquiry has shown, none of the
species of the family can with certainty be said to exist on both sides of
the North American continent.

510 Mr. C. V. Burke on the Cyclogasteride.

(1898) indicates his uncertainty concerning the specific
individuality of C. reinkardi and C.micropus. However, he
lists a number of specimens as Liparis micropus, and figures
a specimen of what he considers to be Leparis reinhardi.
Collett (1905) lists a number of specimens as Liparis rein-
hardi, and presents two figures (pl. ii. figs. 7, 8). The two
specimens represented by these figures doubtless belong to
different species.

I have examined but one of these three species, C. ranula,
but after studying the specific characters of the Pacific species
of the genus I feel convinced that both Liitken and Collett
are mistaken in their identifications. The two specimens
figured by Collett (1905, pl. ii. figs. 7, 8) certainly represent
two species. ‘The specimen represented by fig. 8 apparently
belongs with the species described and figured as Careproctus
reinhardt by Collett in 1880 (pl. i. figs. 15, 16). This
species appears to be the one described by Kroyer (1862,
p- 252) as Liparis reinhardi, The specimen figured as no. 7
appears to represent an undescribed species. It differs from
C. reinhardi in the much longer lower pectoral lobe and the
deeper body. The specimen figured by Liitken (1898, pl. iii.
figs. 38, 3a) as Liparis reinhardi belongs with this species.
Liitken’s specimen is here designated as the type of a new
species, Careproctus longipinnis.

Careproctus longipinnis, Burke, sp. n.

Type. ‘Ingolf,? St. 139, north of the Faroe Islands;
depth 702 Danish fathoms. Figured by Liitken as LZ. rein-
hardi in “ Danish ‘Ingolf’ Expedition,” vol. ii. pt. i., The
Ichthyological Results, pl. i. figs. 3, 3 a.

Distribution. Arctic Ocean; Faroe Islands to Beeren
Island.

Relationships. C. longipinnis differs from all the other
species of the genus from the same region in the deeper body
and the lower lobe of the pectoral being longer than the head.
The disk of C. longipinnis appears to differ from that of the
other species in being more deeply cupped, and the posterior
margin is folded over so that the disk becomes somewhat
triangular. ‘The vent is next the disk.

Description of type. The following notes are taken from
Liitken’s description and figure :—

Pectoral 31; caudal 10; head 4-9in the total length ; eye
5 in the head ; disk 4°6. (Collett’s specimen has dorsal 58 ;
anal 44; pectoral 30.)

From the figure:—Body somewhat gelatinous ; depth of

Mr. C. V. Burke on the Cyclogasteride. 511

body greater than length of head. Head deep and heavy ;
protile steep. Snout short, not projecting. Nostril single.
Gill-slit above the pectoral fin. Caudal connected to the
dorsal for nearly half its length. Pectoral notched; the
lower lobe of 8 partly free rays, extending back as far as the
upper lobe, exceeding the length of the head by a little more
than the diameter of the eye. Disk small, somewhat cupped
and triangular, the posterior margin folded over. Vent near
the disk. Body translucent, pinkish.

Liparis reinhardi, Liitken, 1898, Danish ‘Ingolf’ Expedition, vol. ii.
pt. i., The Ichthyological Results, p. 14, pl. iii. figs. 8, 3a (in part,
not of Kroyer).

Liparis reinhardi, Collett, 1905, Report on Norwegian Fishery and
Marine Investigations, vol. ii. 1905, no. 3; “ Fiske,” under Michael
Sars, Togter i Nordhavet, 1900-1902, p. 97, pl. ii. fig. 7 (in part,
not of Kroyer).

Careproctus longipinnis is the fourth species from the North
Atlantic and Arctic Ocean. From the corresponding region
of the Pacific Ocean twenty-nine species are known (the
majority of these are as yet undescribed). It is possible that
this disparity in numbers will be lessened when the Cyclo-
gasteride in the Atlantic Ocean become better known.

The following tentative key to the species of Careproctus
from the North Atlantic and adjacent portions of the Arctic
Ocean is presented, not with the expectation that it will prove
satisftctory, but that it may stimulate an examination of
material and the production of a more satisfactory one :—

A. Lower lobe of pectoral shorter than the head; depth of
body less than length of head; disk round or oval.
B. Eye less than 4 in head (?) ; the pectoral notch hardly
evident; dorsal 53; anal 49; pectoral 28 ........ ranula,
BB. Eye more than 4 in the head (?).
C. Pectoral notch deep; dorsal 55; anal 45; pec-
Vill pa. 2 Oe wile ps Set lo Apacer vee. remhardi.
CC. Pectoral notch shallow; dorsal 35(?); anal 35(?). mcropus.
AA. Lower lobe of pectoral longer than head; depth of
body greater than length of head; disk somewhat
triangular, cupped, the posterior margin folded over ;
vent close todisk ...........00- fect Letreeuocar longipinnis,

ANTARCTIC SPECIES.

A number of species of Cyclogaster and Careproctus have
been recorded from the Antarctic regions. There has been
some uncertainty as to the genera in which these species
should be placed. From an examination of the descriptions
and figures the writer places these species as follows :—

512 Mr. C. V. Burke on the Cyclogasterida.

Liparis antarctica, Putnam,= Cyclogaster antarctica.

Gill (1891, p. 365) places this species with EHnantioliparts,
Vaillant (1888). Vaillant based this genus upon the con-
tinuous vertical fins and the unnotched pectorals. In the
writer’s opinion neither of these characters is of sufficient
value to justify the formation of the genus. The vertical
fins of Hnantioliparis pallidus find their counterpart in
Cyclogaster pulchellus and other species. The pectoral notch
is absent or nearly so in Cyclogaster owstont, Careproctus
furcellus, and Careproctus cypselurus. As will be seen
below, I place pallidus, Vaillant, with the genus Careproctus.
Gill’s suggestion that the three species, antarctica, Putnam,
steinent, Fischer, and pallidus, Vaillant, may be one is very
doubtful. The first two species differ widely in the number
of tin-rays, and do not appear to be closely related. It seems
unlikely that ste¢nent and pallidus are identical. I place
them in different genera. Loénnberg (1905, p. 19) has called
attention to the differences between these species.

Liparis steinent, Fischer, = Cyclogaster stetneni.

Fischer describes the nostril of this species as ‘ Hinteres
Nasloch in einer weiter ziemlich kurzen Réhre, die ebenso
weit vom Auge, wie nom Lippenrande entfernt ist ; vorderes
ziemlich nahe vor jenem, einer Schleimpore dhnlich.” The
posterior nostril in these fishes is never in a projecting tube;
at least, it is not so in the ninety species I have examined.
It seems likely that Fischer described the anterior nostril as
the posterior nostril and one of the pores on the snout as the
anterior nostril. If there is no pore behind the nostril-tube
in this spectes it belongs with Careproctus. The fact that
the specimens were collected in very shallow water “in der
Royal Bai mit der hand gegriffen”’ suggests that they are
typical Cyclogaster, as none of the species of Careproctus are
known to inhabit such shallow water.

Enantioliparis pallidus, Vaillant, = Careproctus pallidus.

As stated above, I do not consider the genus Enantioliparis
worthy of recognition. ‘The figure and coloration of pallidus,
Vaillant, bear a closer resemblance to the typical species of
Careproctus than to the species of Cyclogaster, and for this
reason we place pallidus, Vaillant, with the former genus.
The disk of this species is large and the teeth trilobed, but
these characters are common to a number of species of
Careproctus as well as typical of Cyclogaster.

On Insectivores and Rodents from N.W. Yunnan. 513

Careproctus georgianus, Léonberg,= Careproctus georgianus.

The posterior nostril appears to be absent in this species.
Undoubtedly the species has been correctly placed by
Loénnberg.

Liparis antarctica falklandica, Lénnberg,
= Careproctus falklandica.

The single nostril and the coloration indicate that this
species belongs with Careproctus.

Literature cited.

CoxtetT, R. 1880. Norske Nordhays-Exp. p. 57, pl. ii. figs. 15, 16.

—. 1905. “ Fiske,” under Michael Sars, Togter 1 Nordhavet, 1900-
1902, pl. ii. figs. 7, 8.

Fiscuer,J.G. 1885. ‘“ Ueber Fische von Siid-Georgien,” Jahrb. Ham-
burg. wissensch. Anst. vol. ii. p. 63.

GARMAN, 5. 1892. “The Discoboli,” Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. vol. xiv.
no. 2.

Gitt, T. 1891. “On the Relations of the Cyclopteroidea,” Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus. vol. xiii. p. 361.

Goong, G. B., and Bean, IT. H. 1879. “ Description of a new Species
of Liparis (L. ranula) obtained by the United States Fish Com-
mission off Halifax, Nova Scotia,” Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. vol. ii.
p- 46.

GtntHER, A. 1887. ‘Deep-Sea Fishes,” ‘Challenger’ Report,
vol. xxii.

Kroyer, H. 1862. “De Gronlandske Liparis-Arter: Nogle Bidrag til
Nordisk Ichthyologi,” Naturh. Tidsskr. (3) i. B. pp. 252-257.

Lénnpere, E. 1905. “Fishes of the South Polar Expedition,”
Wissensch. Erged. Schwed. Stidpolar-Exped. 1901-1903, Band v.
Lieferung 6, pl. iii. fig. 11.

Lirxen, C. H. 1898. The Danish ‘Ingolf’ Expedition. The Ichthyo-
logical Results, p. 14, pl. iil. figs. 3, 3 a.

Patuas, P. 1769. ‘Spicilegia,’ vol. vii. p. 19.

Putnam, F. W. 1874. “Notes on Liparis and Cyclopterus,” Proc.
Amer. Assoc, Ady. Sci. vol. xxii. p. 537.

Smirr, F. A. 1893. A History of Scandinavian Fishes, pt.i. Stock-
holm,

Varttant, L. 1888. Miss. Sci. Cape Horn, 1882-1883, tome vi.,
Zoologie : Poissons.

LV.—On Inseectivores and Rodents collected by Mr. F.
Kingdon Ward in N.W. Yunnan. By OLDFIELD T'HoMas.
(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)
Arter the finish of Mr. Malcolm Anderson’s collecting work
in Western Sze-chwan for the Duke of Bedford’s Expedition,
his two companions Dr. J. A. C. Smith and Mr. F. Kingdon

514 Mr. O. Thomas on Insectivores and

Ward each did some collecting on their own account in
different parts of China. The former sent home from Kan-su
the new rodents I described in the ‘ Annals’ for last December,
while the latter made in the far north-west of Yunnan the
present collection, which has been acquired for the British
Museum by the kind help of the Duke of Bedford.

Although owing to his other avocations Mr. Ward was not
able to send any large series of mammals, the collection
contains several novelties, both, as usual in this region, some
new voles and also a representative of the remarkable
Insectivorous genus Scaptonyz, which Mr. Anderson had
never obtained, and which is a genus new to the Museum
collection.

Altogether Mr. Ward’s collection is of great interest, and
shows how much more remains to be done in that rich
mountainous area of Western China.

With the exception of the type of Microtus wardi all the
specimens were obtained at or near A-tun-tsi, a place some
200 miles 8.W. of Ta-tsien-lu, in the drainage-area of the
Upper Me-Kong.

1. Scaptonyx fusicaudatus affinis, subsp. n.

d.19. 12 miles §.E. of A-tun-tsi. 13,500’. 22nd
June, 1911. B:M. no. 12.3. 18.1. Type.

General characters of fusicaudatus, but upper canine
larger, premolars smaller—p* not larger than 2?, p! and p?
subequal, smaller than p*, p* slightly shorter horizontally
than in fusicaudatus, but of about the same breadth. Below,
the whole tooth-row is shorter, the incisors less spatulate,
the canine (the third tooth in the jaw) shorter than the poste-
rior incisor and more slender. P, (the large caniniform
tooth) and p, nearly equal in size, though rather lighter than
in fusicaudatus, but p, and p3 conspicuously smaller than in
that animal; p3 not a quarter the bulk and about half the
height of p,, p2 again about half its bulk and three-fourths its
height, both teeth single-rooted.

As Milne-Edwards supposed, zygomatic arches are present,
though very slender.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 90 mm.; tail 31; hind foot 15°5 ; ear 3:5.

Skull : greatest length 24°3; basal length 20:2; greatest
breadth 10°7 ; zygomatic breadth 8-6 ; intertemporal breadth
5:4; palatal length 11; breadth outside molars 6°8; upper
tooth-series 10°5; lower tooth-series 9°2; horizontal length
of p® 0°5, py 0°7, py 0°3, pz 0°5, pg 1°0.

Rodents from N.W. Yunnan. 515

Type as above.

* Caught on mossy bank in Abies forest.”—F. K. W.

The nose of this specimen is elongate, approximating to
that of Uropsilus, and there is no doubt the short-nosed
condition described and figured by Milne-Edwards was due
to the vicissitudes his specimen had undergone.

This is the first example of the distinct genus Scaptonyx
that has come to the British Museum, David’s specimen in
the Paris Museum having remained unique up to the present
time. Thanks to the courtesy of Prof. Trouessart I have
had an opportunity to compare the skulls of the two, and
find such differences in the proportions of the premolars as to
indicate that the Me-Kong form is subspecifically distinct.
All other characters would seem to be the same.

With regard to the dentition of Scaptonyx, it is evident
that in one respect at least the formula given by Milne-
Edwards is erroneous, for while correctly identifying the
upper canine, he has not noticed that the long caniniform
tooth of the lower jaw bites behind instead of in front of it,
and is therefore—as in the true moles—the first premolar.

Putting the formula, therefore, in the same manner as
those of the other members of the group recently published *,
we should have :—

1.2.3 qq 1 i ePotice! oi pp tlocissi eral watt
ET a reas M. -33=77 x 2=42.

The number of teeth is the same as in Mogera, there being
one less lower incisor than in Talpa. Whether the missing
incisor is 7; or 73 remains to be proved, both for Scaptonyx
and Mogera, but the indications of the milk-dentition seem to
show that in Dymecodon and Urotrichus at least it is 7,, as
formulated above.

So far as its dentition is concerned, Scaptonya is in an
interesting halfway condition between the Yalpa group, in
which the canine above and caniniform premolar below are
dominant, the incisors being small, and Urotrichus and the
American moles, in which the main work is thrown on the
anterior incisors, both above and below. Here there is appa-
rently little difference in functional importance between the
competing teeth.

2. Marmota robusta, M.-Edw.
?. 20 (young). A-tun-tsi. 15,000’.

* P, Z, S, 1912, p. 131.

516 Mr. O. Thomas on Insectivores and

3. Epimys confucianus, M.-Edw.
9. 3. A-tun-tsi. 11,500’.

4, Apodemus speciosus latronum, Thos.

é. 4,8, 13,15, 23; 9. 12,14. A-tun-tsi. 12,000’.

5. Apodemus chevriert, M.-Edw.
9. 24,27. A-tun-tsi. 12,000’.

6. Microtus trene, Thos.

9. 9,22. A-tun-tsi, N.W. Yunnan. 14,000-16,000'.
3d. 26. Mo-ting, N.W. Yunnan. 15,000’.

7. Microtus (Anteliomys) wardi, sp. n.

&. 18 (skull only). Chamutong, Upper Salween drainage-
area, W. of A-tun-tsi. 13,000’. B.M. no. 12. 3.18. 15.
Type.

Skull smaller, flatter, and with much smaller bulle than
in MW, (A.) chinensis.

Size rather less than in the only previously known species
of this subgenus, MZ. (A.) chinensis, Thos. Skull with com-
paratively small brain-case, its upper outline less convex, its
height considerably less, owing both to the smaller bull and
lower brain-case. Palatal foramina narrow throughout,
scarcely broader mesially. Posterior edge of palate as in
chinensis. Bulle conspicuously smaller in all dimensions.

Incisors unusually long in the type, their outer corners
produced into two long points. Molars essentially as in true
chinensis: m* with spaces 2+3 and 4+5 communicating
respectively with each other ; m* with spaces 2+3 open ; m°
with all the spaces communicating, the outline of the tooth
as in typical chinensis, its inner side with five well-marked
angles.

Dimensions of the type (the flesh-measurements recorded
on the skull-label) :—

Head and body 119 mm.; tail 57; hind foot 19; ear 14.

Skull: condylo-incisive length 27°3; basilar length 24;
zygomatic breadth 15°7; nasals 8:2x3:4; interorbital
breadth 4°2; combined height of brain-case and bulle 9;
diastema 8°5; palatal foramina 8°5; upper molar series
(crowns) 6:3.

Hab. & Type as above.

Rodents from N.W. Yunnan. 517

This fine vole, which I have named in honour of its
discoverer, is readily distinguishable from its only previously
described ally M/. (A.) chinensis by its lower skull and much
smaller bulla. Mr. Ward says that it is common at Chamu-
tong, and it was merely by an accident that he only brought
home the single skull now described.

In working out this species I have had occasion to study
the specimens hitherto referred by me to M. (A.) chinensis,
17 in number, 8 from the neighbourhood of Ta-tsien-lu and
9 from Omi-san and Kiating-fu, the latter being the type
locality.

The two sets agree closely with each other in all respects
except certain details of tooth-pattern, in which there is such
an average difference that I think the two should be distin-
guished subspecifically. ‘The new form may be called

Microtus (Anteliomys) chinensis tarquinius, subsp. n.

M? with only four salient angles on its inner side (in 7 out
of 8 specimens), chinensis having 5 (in 8 out of 9 specimens).
Spaces of teeth generally tending to be less frequently open
to each other, the two following pairs of spaces being taken
as samples: spaces 2+3 of m!’ closed in 5 out of 8 speci-
mens, open in all 9 of chinensis ; spaces 3-+4 of m* closed
in 6 out of 8, open in 7 out of 9 in chinensis. Front part of
m® less like that of an Alticola, the spaces 1+ 2 narrowly
open or closed in 6 out of 7 specimens, broadly open and
Alticola-like in 8 out of 9 chinensis.

Dimensions of the type :—

Head and body 108 mm.; tail 68; hind foot 21; ear 15.

Skull: occipito-nasal length 28°7 ; condylo-incisive length
27:5; zygomatic breadth 16-1; upper molar series (crowns) 6°2.

Hab. (of type). 23 miles 8.E. of Ta-tsien-lu, W. Sze-
chwan. Alt. 10,000’.

Type. Adult male. B.M. no. 11. 2.1. 207. Original
number 2328. Collected 15th June, 1910, by M. P. Ander-
son. Presented by the Duke of Bedford.

8. Microtus (Anteliomys) custos, sp. n.
eG 11,209. 1, 10, 16, 17., A-tunstsi, NW.
Yunnan. 11,500-12,500’.
A brown vole looking like a Caryomys, but with teeth as
in Anteliomys.
General appearance very much as in MM. (Caryomys) nua.

518 On Insectivores and Rodents from N.W. Yunnan.

Fur long and soft; hairs of back about 11 mm. in length.
General colour above rather warmer than ‘ broccoli brown” ;
head more greyish brown. Under surface paler brown, the
hairs of the belly washed with wood-brown, but those of the
throat, chest, and axille with greyish tips. Ears short,
brown, little prominent. Hands and feet greyish white
above; hind foot-pads 6. Tail short, dark brown above,
greyish below. Mamme 0—2=4.

Skull with the characteristic shape found in the three
subgenera, Hothenomys, Anteliomys, and Caryomys, the upper
surface smooth, rounded, without marked ridges, the inter-
orbital region broad, short, its edges rounded and its middle
line flat or concave, without tendency to form a median crest.
Palatal foramina somewhat dilated in their anterior third.
Bulle rather small, slightly larger proportionally than in
M. wardi,

Teeth—First upper molar with spaces 4+5 generally
though not always open, the other spaces always closed.
M* with spaces all closed, a small projecting angle on the
inner side of its fourth prism, corresponding to the prominent
postero-internal angle formed in certain species of the group.
M* long, complicated, about as in A. wardi and M. chinensis
chinensis, its front end with an Alticola-like double space,
spaces 1+2 broadly connected; spaces 3+4 also connected ;
its inner side with four prominent salient angles and one
or even two smaller posterior ones; outer side with 4—5
smaller angles. Lower teeth, as usual, with all the spaces
open and opposite, m, with 4 outer and 5 inner salient angles.

Dimensions of the type (measured in flesh) :—

Head and body 101 mm.; tail46*; hind foot 17; ear 13.

Skull ¢: greatest length 25 ; condylo-incisive length 25;
zygomatic breadth 14°5; nasals 7°3 x 3°4; interorbital breadth
4:4; combined height of brain-case and bulla 8-5; palatilar
length 11°6; palatal foramina 5; upper molar series
(crowns) 6:1.

Hab. as above.

Type. Old male. B.M. no. 12. 3.18.19. Original num-
ber 11. Collected 28th May, 1911.

This interesting species shows a certain approximation
towards the subgenus Caryomys, but its long complicated m
with an Alticola-like anterior end, with spaces 1+2 open,
and its usually open spaces 4+ 5 of m', indicate that its proper

* Range 35-48.
+ Larger than most; another adult skull measures 23°6 mm. in
condylo-incisive length.

On a new Fish from British East Africa. 519

position is in Anteliomys, of which it is considerably the
smallest species.

There is, however, no doubt that Hothenomys, Anteliomys,
and Caryomys are all much more closely allied to each other
than has hitherto been recognized, and it is really only by
the open or closed state of certain of the tooth-spaces and by
the simple or complex condition of m* that they can be
distinguished from each other.

9. Ochotoma roylet chinensis, Thos.

@ (imm.). 25. A-tun-tsi. 16,000’.
A form of Pika only recently discovered at Ta-tsien-lu by

Capt. F. M. Bailey.

LVI.—Desecription of a new Fish from British East Africa.
By G. A. BouLenGer, F.R.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tilapia grahami.

Depth of body 3 to 32 times in total length, length of head
21 to 22 times. Head large, 1} to 13 times as long as broad ;
snout rounded, with convex upper profile, much broader than
long, 2 postocular part of head ; eye 3} to 43 times in length
of head, a little greater than preorbital depth; mouth large,
3 width of head, extending to between vertical of nostril and
anterior border of eye; lips very strongly developed, the
lower forming a very distinct lobe on each side ; teeth mode-
rately slender, in 4 series, 30 to 34 in outer series of upper
jaw; 3 series of scales on the cheek, width of scaly part
nearly equal to diameter of eye. Gill-rakers short, 10 or 11
on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal XI 11-12; spines
feeble, subequal from the third, which measures 4 length
of head. Anal III 8-9; spines feeble, like the dorsals.
Pectoral 3 to 3 length of head, not reaching origin of anal.
Ventral not reaching vent. Caudal rounded. Caudal
peduncle as long as deep. Scales eycloid, 28-30 3 ; lateral

14-18

lines 45; 3 breast and belly naked. Dark blue above, with
more or less distinct, ill-defined darker bars; sides with pale

blue spots; dirty white beneath ; lower labial lobe perfectly

520 On a new Fish from British East Africa.

white; fins greyish, soft dorsal, anal, and caudal with nume-
rous small darker spots which may form vertical bars on the
caudal; .the latter with the posterior edge of a faint pink.

Total length 60 mm.

Lake Magadi, a hot soda lake in bottom of Rift Valley,
British East Africa, at an elevation of 1980 feet above sea-
level. The lake is perfectly isolated, the nearest water being
the Southern Huaso Nyiro, a river rising in the Mau plateau
and flowing into a natron lake on the boundary of British,
German, and Hast Africa. The fish were caught by Mr. J.
W. Graham in warm water (up to 120° Fahr.), and several
specimens have been presented by him to the British
Museum.

Special interest attaches to this new Tilapia, one of the
smallest of the genus, from the conditions under which it
lives. Iam indebted to Mr. Graham for the following notes
concerning the habits :—

“The fish were discovered in various isolated springs of
soda liquor on the eastern shore of Lake Magadi, a natural
soda deposit at the bottom of the ‘Great Rift Valley,’ in
latitude 2° south and at an elevation of 1980! above sea-
lavel. In some cases the thermal springs in which the fish
are found run out in the form of a very shallow stream (L" to
6" deep) over the soda-mud flats; in others the springs are
quite isolated, forming pools, and can have no connection
with adjacent springs except during very exceptional rains,
and then for but a short time. ‘The temperature of the
various springs varies, but the fish have been found in all
temperatures trom 80° F. to 120° F. Apart from the occa-
sional intercommunication between the springs mentioned
above, there is no connection at any time with other possible
breeding-grounds, fresh water or otherwise. In other words,
there are no streams entering the lake nor are there any
running out of it. The springs are completely landlocked.
The fish are very active in their movements and show great
alarm on the approach of human beings. ‘hey probably
mistake them for birds of prey, although at no time during
the two years the fish have been under my observation have
any birds been noticed to be feeding on them. The principal
food of the fish appear to be the green- and pink-coloured
algze surrounding the sources of the various springs, and the
fish will climb up a trickle of water to the height of a foot or
more above the normal soda-liquor level in order to reach
this food. The alge are so plentiful as to look like slimy
moss around the springs. The fish were breeding in December
last, the male making a nest in the sand and females

On the Australasian Species of Ochlerotatus. 521

depositing their ova in it in rapid succession, Intrusive
males were promptly expelled. Samples of the fish, male
and female, were obtained and of the ova in every stage of
development.

“The most striking feature of the fish in its natural state
is the heavy opaque white under lip, This is not always
very eyident in the preserved specimens, and the very faint
pink coloration on the posterior edge of the tail appears to
have entirely vanished,”

LVII.—A Key to the Australasian Species of Ochlerotatus
(Culicide), By F. W. Epwarps, B.A., F.E.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

A RECENT examination of the Culicide described last year by
Mr. E. H. Strickland has revealed the fact that many of them
were previously known under other names. As all Strick-
land’s types, and, indeed, the types of most of the Culicide
so far described from Australia, are in the British Museum,
the task of composing a table of the species proved a compa-
ratively easy one, and it seems as though it would be of use
to publish at once the results of the examination of the
material in the National Collection. ‘The following table is
of course intended to be used in conjunction with the published
descriptions. For a definition of the genus Ochlerotatus, with
full generic synonymy, vide ‘ Bulletin of Hntomological
Research,’ vol, iii. no, 1,

Table of the Species,

1. Joints of tarsi, especially on the hind legs,

pale-ringed at the base................ 2,
Joints of tarsi not pale-ringed ............ 16.
2. Thorax, femora, and tibiz adorned with fine
MES ATMOS) 5 cota Seivin ees dees sete, Stats 1. notoscriptus,
Species not so marked .......,,...e0+00: 3.
3. Deep blue, submetallic scales on abdomen,
legs, proboscis, and palpi.....,......, 2. purpureus,
Not blue species....... CBr Gacquctin cet

4, Head and sides of mesonotum clothed with
short yellowish spindle-shaped scales.... 3, aculeatus,
Head in middle and whole of mesonotum
clothed with longer, curved, quite narrow
VEILS: oe hee Nene ORNAR Se a, Ste ee a Be Ae Doh 5.

Ann, & Mag, NV, Hist, Ser, 8, Vol. ix. oul

522
6.

“I

10,

i

13.

j4.

18.

19.

. Wings conspicuously mottle

Anterior two-thirds or more of mesonotum
clothed with pale golden scales, rest dark;
the rings on the tarsi are not very distinct.

Thorax differently adorned

. Thoracic scales pale ochreous, with four very

distinct dark longitudinal lines; abdomen
nearly all pale ochreous ..............
Species not at all resembling the last

. Integument of wings witha ‘large dark patch

towards costa in middle ..............
Integument of wings not pec een darkened.

with light and
darkciscales 45 os aikeec toes omc

Wings not conspicuously mottled

a wip te is = «is

. Scales and integument of mesonotum deep

chocolate-brown : tarsal rings indistinct
(on anterior legs: others missing) eae ee
Scales of mesonotum yellowish brown ; tar-
pal rings distinct © 08 sek E eo ta wes
Femora, and often tibie and metatarsi,
mottled with light and dark scales
Legs not mottled’ 20. ame ares
Tibize mottled ; last hind tarsal joint whitish
RtDASOS cc wwe' date Seceias ee See ee ee
Tibize not mottled; last hind tarsal joint
entirely dark

Sra ste e's 208k eS, wae eee fae Ole Om ese

. Lateral pale spots of abdominal segments

(which form part of the pale band at the
base of each segment) spreading out to-
wards the middle line in the middle of the
REP IOUS ye oie mit ielaie sabe ste nates Ree tee
Lateral spots of abdomen without median
projections (tr ato. «aes Peete nes beset
Thorax nearly black; female palpi white
only. ab ehe tip: 2... on aches ebrae piste
Thorax more reddish ; female palpi pale at
the tip and near the middle............
Femora with a rather distinct pale ring near
the tip; thorax darker. 7 ....0o.8 8
Femora without any pale ring; thorax
lighter

©. Ce (ae) ew e%e aiid 6% @ ie wu <)s te le aisle 6m ele a0

: Last joint of hind tarsi white only at base. .

Last joint of hind tarsi entirely white

. Femora (at least those of the four anterior

legs) distinctly mottled .
Femora not at all mottled

© od \0 ep am Ba,ee' ®

. Integument of thorax “deep brown or pitehy

face” on ee ee ee
Integument of thorax reddish brown ; basal
joint of antennz yellowish, but with a
black spot on the inner side ..........
A line of broad white scales in front of the
WWINDYDBEG Ans ch, «ss ss anita hrs ape
No such scales presens 1... <2 sr da: woe j
Scales of mesonotum dark brown, a trans-
verse band of pale brown ones in the
middle: amall specics..’, .we>.0si.5 uh si
No transyerse pale band on mesonotum....

Mr. F. W. Edwards on the

on

ST or

10.

“fe

. australiensis.

. vittiger.

. vandema.

stricklandt.

8. flarifrons.

Ate
15.

12.

14.

15.

9.

10.
1

labeculosus.
vigilax.

nocturnus.

. alboannulatus.

. occidentalis.
. rubrithorax.
. quasirubrithoraz.

. Sagaz,

. tasmaniensis.

australis.

. multiplex.

Australasian Species of Ochlerotatus. 523

20. Large species (7-8 mm.): abdominal seg-
ments with basal greyish bands, indented
in the middle; male palpi four-jointed,
the joints all about equal in length, nearly
one-fourth shorter than proboscis ....., 19. cructans,

Smaller species (6 mm.) .........eee0e. 21.

21, Abdomen with narrow pale bands at the
bases of the segments; “deep umbrous
brown, with an almost imperceptible
ST ee eee 2].

Abdomen with basal lateral yellow spots,
most conspicuous on segments 5-7 ; violet-
brown in general colour .,...,.,.,4.565

macleayi,

22, bupengaryensis.

Synonymical Notes.
1. O. notoscriptus, Skuse (Culex), Proc, Linn. Soc. N.S.W.
ser. 2, vol. ili. p. 1738 (1889).

Stegomyia notoscripta, Theo. Mon, Cul. i. p.
Scutomyia notoscripta, Theo, Gen, Ins. Cul.

286 (1901),
p. 19 (1905).
2. O. purpureus, Theo. Mon. Cul, v. p. 479 (1910).

Molpemyia purpurea, Theo. /, c.
Though this is only known from the female, it seems to be
an almost typical Ochlerotatus.

3. O. aculeatus, Theo. Mon, Cul. iii, p, 233 (1903),

Gilesia aculeata, Theo. J, ¢.

4. O. australiensis, Theo. Mon, Cul, v, p. 313 (1910),
Leucomyia australiensis, Theo. J, ec.
5. O. vittiger, Skuse, Proc, Linn, Soc, N.S. W. ser, 2, vol. iii,
p- 1728 (1889).
Culex vittiger, Skuse, J. ©,
6. O. vandema, Strick. Entomologist, xliv. p, 202 (1911).
Culicada vandema, Strick. 1. ¢.

7. O. stricklandi, nom. nov,

Grabhamia australis, Strick. Entomologist, xliv. p. 133 (1911), nee
O, (Culex) australis, Erichs,
30%

524 Mr. F. W. Edwards on the

8. O. flavifrons, Skuse, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. ser. 2,
vol. il. p. 1735 (1889).
Culex flavifrons, Skuse, 1. c.
Grabhamia flavifrons, Theo. Mon. Cul. iy. p. 304 (1907).

9. O. labeculosus, Coq. (Culex), Ent. News, xvi. p. 116
(1906).

Culicelsa westralis, Strick. Entomologist, xliy. p. 180 (1911).
Culicada inornata, id. 1. ec. p. 201.

The chief variation in this species is in the scaling of the
female palpi. These are always tipped with ochreous white,
but have a variable number of ochreous scales scattered over
the upper surface. ‘The differences do not seem to me to be
of specific value.

10. O. vigilax, Skuse (Culex), Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W.
ser. 2, vol. ili. p. 1731 (1889).
Culex marinus, Theo. Mon. Cal. i. p. 396 (1901),
Culex procax, Theo. J. c. p. 415 (nec Skuse).
? Culex vigilar, Theo. l. ¢. p. 596.
Culex albirostris, Theo. (nee Macq.) Mon. Cul. iii. p. 162 (1905).
Culicelsa vigilax, Theo. Mon. Cul. iv. p. 382 (1907).
? Culicelsa pseudovigilax, Theo. . ec.
Culicelsa uniformis, Strick. Entomologist, xliy, p. 131 (1911).

11. O. nocturnus, Theo. (Culex), Mon. Cul. iii. p. 159 (1803).

Doubtfully distinct from the preceding. The male is
unknown.

12. O. alboannulatus, Macq. Dipt. Exot., 4th Supp. p. 10
(1850).

Culex alboannulatus, Macq. 1. ¢.

13. O. occidentalis, Skuse, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. ser. 2,
vol. ili. p. 1729 (1889); Theo. Mon. Cul. i. p. 419
(1901).

Culex occidentalis, Skuse, 1. c.

Culicelsa similis, Strick. Entomologist, xliv. p. 152 (1911).
Culicelsa queenslandis, Strick. l. c. P. 179.

Culicada demansis, Strick. 1. ¢. p. 202.

Strickland’s species only differ in very slight characters
(chiefly the colour of the thoracic integument), and it is
impossible to regard them as distinct. The species is no
doubt correctly identified as C. occidentalis, Skuse.

Gr
bo
pi |

Australastan Species of Ochlerotatus.

14. O. rubrithorax, Macq. (Culex), Dipt. Exot., 4th Supp.
p- 9 (1850).
Culex procax, Skuse, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. ser, 2, vol. iii. p. 1742
(1889).

The species which Theobald has identified as C. rubris
thorax auswers in every particular to Skuse’s description of
C. procaz, and [have no doubt they are the same. Macquart’s
description is very inadequate, but since Theobald claims to
recognize C. rubrithoraz, the name may as well be retained.

15. O. quasirubrithorax, Theo. (quasirubithorax), Mon. Cul.
v. p. 348 (1911).

May be only a variety of the preceding species.

16. O. sagax, Skuse, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. ser. 2, vol. iii.
p. 1744 (1889).

This must be an Ochlerotatus, for Skuse refers to the
** lamellz of the ovipositor,” describing them as ‘ deep brown,
elongate.” In Culex the ovipositor is never prominent
externally and has no distinct “lamelle.’ ‘Theobald is
certainly wrong in his interpretation of the species: the
specimens so named by him in the British Museum collection
proved to be only light specimens of C. fatigans. I have
seen no insect which answers to Skuse’s description.

17. O.tasmaniensis, Strick. Entomologist, xliv. p. 250 (1911).

Andersonia tasmaniensis, Strick. /. ¢.

18. O. australis, Erichs. (Culex), Arch. fiir Naturg. viii.
p. 270 (1842).

Erichson’s description would apply equally well to O. cru-
cians, especially as he mentions that the palpi of the male
are a little shorter than the proboscis. But in the absence
of proof of its erroneousness, Theobald’s determination is
accepted. Should this species prove to have longer male
palpi, the name australis would have to be used for crucians
and a new name proposed for the species at present under
consideration. ‘The ‘Tasmanian specimens recorded by
Strickland (‘ Entomologist,’ 1911, p. 179) with some doubt
as Culex frenchii are this species, but differ slightly from the
Victorian specimens. In the latter the basal half of the hind
femora is entirely pale, in the former it is mottled on the

526 On the Australasian Species of Oclilerotatus.

outside, pale on the inside. Dr. J. B. Cleland has found the
larve of this species living at a height of 6000 feet on
Mt. Kosciusko, in a shallow pool fed by a snowdrift but
warmed by the sun.

19. O. cructans, Walk. (Culer), Ins. Saund.i. p. 432 (1856).
Culicada tasmaniensis, Strick. Entomologist, xliy. p. 181 (1911).
Walker’s type is in poor condition, but quite recognizable

as being the same as Strickland’s C. tasmaniensis. The

species is quite distinct from that recognized by Theobald as
C. australis.

20. O. multiplex, Theo. (Skusea), Mon. Cul. iii. p. 293 (1908).
Pseudoskusea multiplex, Theo. Mon. Cul. iv. p. 192 (1907).
The specimens Theobald records from New Guinea probably

represent another species ; males of this species from Queens-
land have the claws of the middle legs unequal.

21. O. macleayi, Skuse (Culex), Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W.
ser. 2, vol. ili. p. 1746 (1889).

This species, like sagaz, is evidently an Ochlerotatus, and
not a Culex, on account of the following phrase in the original
. . 3 . . 5 . 5
description :—“ lamellae of the ovipositor light brown, densely
ubescent.” Theobald erroneously regards it as synonymous
pu 5° J J

with Culex fatigans. I have not seen it.
”q

22. O. bupengaryensis, Theo. (Culex), J. Econ. Biol. 1. p. 27
(1905).
Culicada bupengaryensis, Theo. Mon. Cul. iv. p. 848 (1907).

Unidentified Species.

The following probably belong to the genus Ochlerotatus,
but the descriptions are inadequate for recognition :—

Culex camptorhynchus, Thomson, Eugenies Resa, Dipt. p. 443
(1868).

Culex albirostris, Macq. Dipt. Exot., 4th Suppl. p. 10 (1850).
Culex nigrithoraz, Macq. Dipt. Exot., 2nd Suppl. p. 9 (1847).

Culex pseudovigilar, Theo. Mon. Cul. iv. p. 38 (1907).—
There is no type, and nothing answering to Theobald’s

On new Species of Pyrochroide. 527

description exists in the British Museum Collection.
Perhaps the specimen from which Theobald’s description
of C. vigilax (subsequently renamed pseudovigilax) was
taken was, after all, only a slight aberration of the true
C. vigilax, Skuse.

LVIII.— Descriptions of new Species of Pyrochroide.
By K. G. Buarr.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

I HAVE recently been rearranging the collection of Pyrochroidze
in the British Museum, and amongst the accessions are a
considerable number of undescribed species. These were for
the most part contained in the Fry Collection, and collected
by Doherty in the Ruby Mines district of Burma: other
species obtained by him in Perak, specimens of which are also
contained in the Fry Collection, have recently been described
by M. Pic. In addition to these are descriptions of two
species from the Nilghiri Hills, the types of which have been
generously presented to the Museum by Mr. H. E. Andrewes,
and one species from Sumatra, communicated by Dr. Gestro,
of the Museo Civico, Genova. ‘l’o M. Maurice Pic I am
indebted for the loan of several types and for his identifica-
tion of many species,

Pyrochroa melanocephala, sp. n.

Elongata, subparallela; supra rufa; capite nigro, collo rufo.
Long. 14 mm.

flab. Sikkim.

Resembles rujiceps, Pic, from the same locality, but that
the head is black, with only the neck red. ‘The head is
transversely excavated between the eyes in the male, the
cavity being filled with black hairs. The antenne are
slender and finely pectinate ; the thorax is widest before the
base and the elytra subcostulate.

Pyrochroa rufipes, sp. n.

. Rufa, antennis, palpis et abdomine nigris.
Long. 14 mm.

Hab. Nilghiri Hills (HZ. E. Andrewes).

528 Mr. K. G. Blair on

This species, two females of which only are before me, is
very distinct in having the limbs and underside, with the
exception of the abdomen, reddish testaceous. In form it
closely resembles the following, and is allied to P. testacei-
tarsis, Pic. The head is rather elongate, narrowed behind
the eyes, with the antennze rather stout and pectinate.
The thorax is transverse, broadest a little before the base,
and angulated at the sides. The elytra are almost parallel,
covered with a rather dense suberect pubescence, and without
a trace of coste.

Pyrochroa nilgiriensis, sp. n.

©. Elongata, subparallela ; supra rufa ore nigro, infra nigra capite
prothoraceque rufis.
Long. 14 mm.

Hab, Nilgivi Hills (7H. E. Andrewes).

This species is altogether red above, with the exception of
the lower part of the face, which is blackish. The underside
of the head and prothorax are also red, the rest, with the
limbs, shining black, with a fine greyish pubescence. The
head is rather broader than in the last species and very short
behind the eyes; the antennze of the female are rather short
and pectinate. The prothorax is transverse, angulated at
the side a little before the base. The elytra become slightly
broader from the shoulders backwards, and are clothed with
a suberect reddish pubescence. ‘The tarsi are entirely black.

Five specimens, all females, are before me.

Pyrochroa antennalis, sp. n.

Supra coccinea, capite nigro; antennis validis, valde flabellatis ;
elytris explanatis, subcostulatis.
Long. 18 mm.

Hab. Burma (Ruby Mines).

This striking species is easily recognized by its flattened
form, with the elytra very strongly expanded and flattened
behind. The head is rather small, black, narrowed behind
the eyes, and transversely undulate in front. The antenne
are strongly developed and pectinate, the branches in the
male being long and plate-like, but in the female shorter and
more conical ; in both sexes the antenne are covered with
a fine black pubescence. ‘The prothorax and elytra and also
the scutellum are bright scarlet, the elytra faintly costulate.

new Species of Pyrochroide. 529

Pyvrochora bifoveata, sp. n.

Parum elongata, depressa; capite fusco, ante oculos bifoveolato ;
prothorace elytrisque fulvis.
Long. 11 mm.

Flab. Burma (Ruby Mines’.

At first sight resembles P. diversicornis, m., but distinguished
by the structure of the head and prothorax. P. bifoveata has
the excavation before the eyes almost traversed by a projec-
tion from the anterior ridge, causing it to appear as two deep
fovere. The antennz are simply pectinate in both sexes,
though more finely in the male. The prothorax is mode-
rately transverse, but evenly rounded on the sides and covered
with a fairly long yellowish pubescence. ‘lhe elytra are
strongly expanded behind and rounded at the apex.

Pyrochroa diversicornis, sp. n.

Parum elongata, depressa; prothorace elytrisque fulvis; capite
scutelloque nigris ; antennis bipectinatis, supra serratis atque infra
gracile flabeliatis.

Long. 12 mm.

Hab. Burma (Ruby Mines).

Resembles the preceding, but smaller and not so elongate,
and distinguished at once by the antenne. The head is
black, undulate in front, with the neck reddish. The an-
tenn of the male are bipectinate; above the pectinations are
short and stout, hardly more than serrate, but the lower series
are long and slender. The prothorax is transverse, evenly
rounded at the sides, not narrower in front than behind.
The elytra are strongly expanded behind, attaining twice the
width of the shoulders, and each is separately rounded at the
apex.

Pyrochroa fulvipennis, sp. n.

@. Elongata, nigra, elytris scutelloque fulvis.
Long. 15 mm.

Hab. Borneo.

Resembles P. longa, Perty, in form, but the head and. pros
thorax are of a dull black. Head nearly as wide as pro-
thorax, more evenly rounded behind the eyes than in P. longa.
Antenne of female stout and serrate, similar in structure to
those of P. longa. Prothorax hardly transverse, rounded at
the sides and covered with a dense black pubescence. Elytra
narrow, scarcely expanded behind, with traces of coste.

530 Mr. K. G. Blair on

Pyrochroa apictpennis, sp. n.

Q. Fere ut precedenti sed gracilior ; elytris fulvis, apice nigris.
Long. 13 mm.

Hab. Borneo.

Closely resembles the last species, but head and thorax
relatively smaller, and the head narrows more suddenly
behind the eyes. The apex of the elytra for about one-sixth
of their length is black.

Pyrochroa ruficollis, sp. n.

Q. Elongata, parum depressa, nigra ; prothorace scutelloque rufis.
Long. 13-15 mm.

Hab. Java.

This species, represented by two female examples, resembles
P. dohertyt, Pic, from which it differs in having the elytra
entirely black and the underside and limbs pitchy and clothed
with black hairs. The head is narrowed behind the eyes,
black tinged with red on the neck. The antennx are stout,
with a black pubescence, the first joint about equal in length
to the third, and from the fourth onwards stoutly pectinate.
The prothorax is slightly transverse, rounded at the sides,
with a shallow median furrow and lateral impressions. The
elytra are narrow, subparallel, and with only faint traces of
cost.

Pyrochroa nebulosa, sp. n.

Elongata, subdepressa, nigra; vertice, prothorace, scutello et dimidio
elytrorum antico rufis.
Long. 15 mm.

Hab. Java.

Resembles P. bépartita, Pic, from Sumatra, but the black
apical portion of the elytra is not sharply marked off from
the red—in fact, the junction is very gradual, with a cloudy
appearance. Furthermore, the most advanced portion of the
black is in the middle and the suture is tinged with red
almost tothe tip. Apparently closely allied to the foregoing ;
the head of the male is transversely excavated between the
eyes, the antenne are moderately stout, serrate above, and
finely pectinate beneath.

Pyrochroa dimidiata, sp. n.

Elongata, infra nigra; prothorace et scutello et dimidio elytrorum

new Species of Pyrochroide. 531

antico fulvis; capite fusco, et dimidio elytrorum postico nigro ;
capite simplice; antennis maris gracile pectinatis, femine
robustioribus.

Long. 12-14 mm.

Hab, Sumatra.

This species resembles P. bipartita, Pic, but may be distin-
guished by the black portion ot the elytra being most advanced
along the suture, whence it curves backwards, to advance a
little again at the extreme margin. In bipartita, a specimen
of which M. Pic has kindly forwarded for comparison, the
line of demarcation is sharper, and retreats at first from the
suture, to return at a sharp angle, and finally reach the
margin considerably in advance of its sutural limit. In
dimidiata the front of the head is undulate in both sexes,
while behind the eyes the head is almost angled. The
branches ot the antenne are long and slender in the male,
shorter and stouter in the female. The prothorax is slightly
transverse, much narrower in front than behind, and thickly
clothed with a reddish pubescence. The elytra are narrow,
divergent behind, and distinetly striped.

Coll. Mus. Genova.

Dendroides assamensis, sp. n.

Parum elongatus, depressus, fulvus; prothorace postice late de-

presso ; antennis maris graciliter, feminz validius pectinatis.
Long. 10-14 mm.

Hab. Assam, Sumatra.

The large eyes, closely approximated above in the male
and less so in the female, indicate the genus of this species.
In the male they approach more closely than in D. niponensis,
Lewis, though rather less so than in the N. American species.
The face is excavated before the eyes, the posterior side more
steeply than the anterior, ‘The antenne are pectinate, as in
niponensis, the branches are rather finer than in that species,
Lut not so fine as those of concolor, Newm. The prothorax
is slightly transverse, somewhat narrower in front than behind,
with the sides evenly rounded. The disc is widely depressed,
the depression almost reaching the posterior margin. The
elytra are expanded and flattened posteriorly and faintly
costate. ‘The limbs and underside are pitehy brown.

There is a specimen from Sumatra in the Museo Civico,
Genova, that agrees very closely with those from Assam.

532 Mr. K. G. Blair on

Dendroides magnificus, sp. n.
?=D. grandipennis, Pic.
Supra coccineus, capite nigro, inter oculos excavato ; antennis validis,
pectinatis,
Long. 20-26 mm.

Hab. Burma (Ruby Mines).

This species, though variable in size, has a very similar
facies to that of a large P. antennalis, m., the coloration and
form of the antennee being very similar. The head, however,
is very different, being similar to that of D. niponensis,
Lewis. The eyes are fairly approximate, with the space
between them and the antenne excavated by two narrowly
oval depressions in close contiguity. There is a distinct
neck, largely red, and the thorax is, as in Lewis’s species,
very narrow anteriorly and slightly constricted behind. The
elytra are expanded behind and faintly costate. The under-
side and limbs are black and shining. ‘The antenne are
remarkably similar in both sexes, the long plate-like branches
being almost as well developed in the female as in the male.

Ischalia apicalis, sp. n.

Picea, elytris flavis, apicibus nigro marginatis.
Long. 5 mm.

Hab. Siam, Burma (Ruby Mines).

Resembles J. basalis, Waterh., but has the dark portion of
the elytra confined to a narrow margin surrounding the apical
region. The inner costa from the shoulder is very short
and the outer remains parallel with the outer margin and is
continued almost to the apex.

Ischalia suturalis, sp. n.

Precedenti similis, picea ; elytris flavis, secundum suturam fere ad
apicem late fuscis.
Long. 5 mm.

flab. Assam.

Resembles the former species, but that along the suture is
a broad straight dark band. Though this band varies in
extent and in intensity, it does not reach the submarginal
costa and stops short before reaching the apex. The sub-
marginal costa is again subparallel with the marginal, but
the inner costa is longer, running to about one-third of the
length of the elytron.

From J. patagiata, Lewis, it differs in the thorax being

new Species of Pyrochroide. 533

depressed right up to the anterior margin, in the submarginal
earina being closer to and more parallel with the margin,
and in the sutural dark band not being thickened and some-
what recurrent along the submarginal area at its termination.

Lemodes ceeruletventris, sp. n.

Coccinea, parce pube induta, creberrime punctata, ventre pedi-
busque atro-ceruleis.
Long. 5 mm.

Hab. Queensland (Port Bowen).

Distinguished by its small size and scanty pubescence.
Head and prothorax densely and coarsely punctured, causing
the surface to appear almost honeycombed; the latter not
so sharply protuberant on the sides as L. coccinea, Boh.,
and without any furrow on the disc. Elytra coarsely but
not so densely punctured, with a very thin pubescence, and
consequently not showing the marbled reflections of coccinea.
Yhe abdomen and limbs are of a deep shining blue-black ;
the antenne entirely black, also with a blue reflection.

Lemodes tumidipennis, sp. n.

Ferruginea, nitida, parce punctata; prothorace medio valde con-
stricto; elytris basin et dimidio postico tumidis; pedibus ferru-
gineis, femorum apicibus et tarsis testaceis.

Long. 33 mm,

Hab. Australia,

Abundantly distinct from all its congeners in its smooth
shining surface, devoid of pubescence and to a great extent
of punctures; the long scattered hairs found in the other
species still persist. ‘The irregularities of surface exhibited
by JL, coccinea are immensely exaggerated ; thus the pro-
thorax is more strongly constricted in the middle, with the
dorsal surface above the constriction raised on either side of
the median furrow into a low hump ; the elytra are strongly
inflated at the shoulders and again about the middle of the
base. Behind these areas the depressions on the dise and on
the sides are very strongly marked, and behind them the
whole of the apical half of the elytra forms one large inflated
area. ‘The swollen portions of the elytra are testaceous,
while the depressions and the basal portion of the sutural
area are dark ferrugineous; these portions also bear a few
large punctures. ‘T’he antennze are blackish, with the
terminal joint white and the basal three or four joints

reddish. ‘he legs are piceous, with the extreme apex of the
femora testaceous,

534 Mr. C. T. Regan on the Myxinoids of the

LIX.—A Synopsis of the Myxinoids of the Genus Hepta-
tretus or Bdellostoma. By C. Tare Recaan, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

HEPTATRETUS.

Eptatretus, Cloquet, Dict. Sci. Nat. xy. p. 134 (1819).
Homea, Fleming, Philos. of Zool. ii. p. 375 (1822).
Heptatrema, Voigt, Thierry. ii. p. 529 (1832).
Bdellostoma, Mill. Abhandl. Akad. Berlin, 1834, p. 79.
Polistotrema, Gill, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1880, p. 30.

Myxinoids with 6 to 14 branchial apertures on each side
and with the external branchial ducts subequal in length.

Pacific coast of America ; Japan; New Zealand; Cape of
Good Hope.

The specimens enumerated are those in the British Museum
Collection, on which this revision is based.

Synopsis of the Species.

L. 14 eill-openings)..,..j\es} soni daa eh coke a Be 1. polytrema,
II. 11 to 13 gill-openings.
Length of head, to first gill-opening, more than } of the

total Goneth. Vite ei nace eR eyes ae ee eee 2. stoutt.
Length of head, to first gill-opening, less than 1 of the
hotel sheng th atc oe aecuciates ce to mee ie eae 3. deant.
TED HO pill-openines seo ss ws wesc «ciao ane tpieions 4. decatrema.
LY..°S gill-openings 25. 21s alwicas bowie sense ae 5. okinoseanus.
V. 7 gill-openings.
Teeth = u eae) ashe 16 AER ty ee tes eto 6. cirratus.
Teeth = ; LAI Iba es niekere es Cot innit sd ae ER 7. banksit.
VI. 6 gill-openings,
12 12
Teeth iT or 12 | fiorip) (tet e tet eee wane ev eewnens 8. hexatrema.
Teeth 5; | picee tte eees Se IRIC RIES ain Abe Aye 9. dbuergert.

1. Heptatretus polytrema.
Bdellostoma polytrema, Girard, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1854, p. 199, and
U.S. Nay. Astron. Exped., Zool. p. 252, pl. xxxiii. (1856) ; Giinth.
Cat. Fish. viii. p. 512 (1870).

14 gill-openings ; two rows of 12 teeth on each side, the 3

Genus Heptatretus or Bdellostoma. 535

anterior teeth of each row united at the base; length of head,
to first gill-opening, 63 in the total length.

Chile.

1, 380 mm, Valparaiso. ‘ Challenger.’

2. Heptatretus stoute.

Bdellostoma stouti, Lockington, Amer. Nat. 1878, p, 793.

Polistotrema stouti, Jord. & Everm. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xlvii. 1896,
p. 6; Everm. & Goldsborough, Bull. U.S. Fish. Bureau, xxvi. 1906,
p- 226 (1907).

Homea stouti, Dean, Journ. Coll. Tokyo, xix. 1904, Art. 2, p. 11, fig. A,
and p. 20.

11 to 13 gill-openings; length of head, to first gill-

opening, 3} to 42 in the total length.
Calitornia.

3. Heptatretus deant.

Polistotrema deani, Everm. & Goldsborough, Bull. U.S. Fish Bureau,
xxvi. 1906, p. 225, fig. 1 (1907).

11 or 12 gill-openings; two rows of 10 or 11 teeth on
each side ; length of head, to first gill-opening, 52 to 62 in
the total length.

Alaska.

4, Heptatretus decatrema, sp. n.

Bdellostoma polytrema (non Girard), Putnam, Proc. Boston Nat. Hist.
Soe. xvi. 1873, p. 160.

10 gill-openings ; two rows of 12 teeth on each side, the
3 anterior teeth of each row united at the base ; length of
head, to first gill-opening, 43 to 5 in the total length.

Chile.

1-2, 420 & 480 mm. (types of the species). Chile. Dr, Delfin.

5. Heptatretus okinoseanus.

Homea okinoseana, Dean, Journ. Coll. Tokyo, xix. 1904, Art. 2, p. 11,
fig. B, p. 20, and pl. i. fig. 1.

8 gill-openings ; on each side 12 teeth in the outer and
10 or 11 in the inner row ; 3 anterior teeth of outer and 2
anterior teeth of inner rows united basally ; length of head,
to first gill-opening, about 4 in the total length.

Japan.

536 Myw«inoids of the Genus Heptatretus or Bdellostoma.

6. Heptatretus cirratus.

Petromyzon cirrhatus, Schneid. Bloch’s Syst. Ichth. p. 582 (1801).

Bdellostoma forsteri, Mill. Abhandl. Akad. Berlin, 1334, p. 80.

Bdellostoma cirrhatum (part. ), Giinth. Cat. Fish. viii. p. 511 aey)=

ae etus cirrhatus, Waite, Rec. Canterbury Mus. i. 1909, no. 2, p. 2,
pl. xiii.

7 gill-openings ; on each side two rows of 12 teeth, the 3
anterior teeth of each row united at the base; length of
head, to first gill-opening, about 32 in the total length.

New Zealand.

1. 580 mm. D'Urville Is., Queen Charlotte Sound. ‘ Challenger.’
2. 400 mm. New Zealand. Capt. Stokes.

7. Heptatretus banksti.
Homea banksii, Fleming, Philos. of Zool. ii. p. 875 (1822).
Bdellostoma heptatrema, Mill. Abhandl, Akad. Berlin, 1834, p. 79.
7 gill-openings; on each side two rows of 8 teeth.
Southern Pacific.

8. Heptatretus hexatrema.

Bdellostoma hexatrema, Mull. Abhandi. Akad. Berlin, 1854, p. 79.
Bdellostoma heterotrema, Mull. 1. c.
Bdellostoma cirrhatum (part. ), Gtnth. Cat. Fish. viii. p. 511 (1870).

6 gill-openings ; on G8 side 12 teeth in the outer row
and 11 or 12 in the inner; 3 anterior teeth of outer and 2
anterior teeth of inner rows united basally ; length of head,
to first gill-opening, 33 to 3} in the to‘al length.

South Africa.

1. 700 mm. Simon’s Bay. ‘ Challenger.’

2. 550 mm. Table Bay. J. L. Stathan, Esq.

5. 430 mm. False Bay. Dr. J. D. F. Gilchrist.
4, 250 mm. Dr. Giinther.

9, Heptatretus buergert.
Heptatrema cirrhatum (non Schneid.), Schleg. Faun. Japon., Poiss.
p- 310, pl. exlii. (1850).
Bdellostoma burgeri, Girard, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1854, p. 199.
Homea burgert, Dean, Journ. Coll. Tokyo, xix. 1904, Art. 2, p. 11,
fig. C, and p. 21.

6 gill-openings; on each side 9 teeth in the outer and 9 or
10 in the inner row; 3 anterior teeth of outer and 2 anterior
teeth of inner row united basally; length of head, to first
gill opening, 34 in the total length.

1. 380 mm. ~ Yokohama Bay. Prof. D’Arey Thompson.

Tleterocera from Costa Rica. O37

LX.—New Species of [Heterocera from Costa Ricaa—XV.
By W. Scuaus, F.Z.S.

(Continued from p. 433.]

Hyrmina nubila, sp. n.

d. Body black; a lateral pale reddish-brown spot on
collar; abdomen ventrally white. Wings black: the inter-
spaces thinly scaled semihyaline; the veins and margins
heavily marked. Fore wings: an oblique white fascia
beyond cell from subcostal to near termen above vein 3.
Hind wings: traces of whitish streaks on interspaces near
oufer margin.

Expanse 32 mm., 2 35 mm.; some specimens of ¢ only
26 mm.

ITab, Guapiles, La Florida, Esperanza, Carillo.

Cambogia myrrha, sp. n.

3. Palpi buff. Head brownish; a white line between
antenne. Collar yellow, edged behind with purple-brown.
Thorax purple-brown in front, yellow behind. Abdomen
yellow; small dorsal reddish-brown spots; the basal spot
large, purple-brown shaded with silvery steel-coloured scales.
Wings yellow, the markings purple-brown shaded with
silvery-grey scales. Fore wings: a broad costal shade
interrupted along extreme edge by brownish-yellow spots,
its hind edge irregular, reaching median at base, and suffusing
with a broad postmedial shade above vein 3; small ante-
medial spots on median and submedian veins, also postmedially
on vein 2 and inner margin; subterminal spots, suffusing
partly with postmedial shade; marginal spots across veins.
Hind wings: an antemedial spot on inner margin; a small
spot in cell; small postmedial spots terminating in a large
spot on inner margin ; subterminal and marginal spots, large
and suffusing between veins 3 and 4; some minute terminal
spots. Underneath yellowish white; the larger markings
all dull purplish brown ; the small spots and spot on inner
margin of hind wing absent, only the small discal spot and
spots between veins 3 and 4 present.

Expanse 17 mm.

Hab. Carillo, Juan Vinas.
Ann, & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. ix. 36

538 Mr. W. Schaus on

Cambogta cinyras, sp. Nn.

3. Very similar to C. myrrha, bright yellow, the markings
reduced ; the costal shade narrower and interrupted medially ;
the postmedial shade reduced to a thick line outbent between
veins 3 and 4, suffusing with subterminal spots. Hind
wings: the spots between veins 3 and 4 separated, smaller
than in C. myrrha; the steel shadings much less apparent.
Underside with the markings also reduced.

ixpanse 20 mm.

Tab. Turrialba.

Cambogia naias, sp. n.

?. Body and wings dark purple-red, crossed by fine
interrupted silvery lines; cilia bright yellow. Fore wings:
some orange spots on costa ; ; subbasal, eeminate antemedial,
medial, postmedial, and subterminal lines, the two latter
close together; all the lines distinctly interrupted along sub-
median fold; some small marginal spots. Hind wings:
medial, geminate postmedial, subterminal, and marginal lines.
Underneath dull roseate, with traces of a yellowish postmedial
shade, which is medial on hind wings.

Expanse 22 mm.

HTab. Poas.

Another female which I do not like to consider distinct
has the fore wings with large orange spots on costa and a
wavy postmedial orange ine The: hind wings have the
base yellow, also a broad sinuous medial line.

Allied to (et hematodes, Warr.

Cambogia zenobia, sp. n.

3. Palpi and frons pale brown. Body and wings bright
silky yellow, with traces of faintly darker transverse lines,
but not clear enough to describe; a black discal point on
fore wing. Fore wings below dull roseate; subterminal
yellow spots, sometimes forming a broad line; the termen
yellowish at tornus, and Giheswase striated with yellow.
Hind wings below pale yellow; a faint roseate line near
apex.

EXxpanse 20 mm.

Hab. Tuis, Guapiles, Juan Vinas.

Cambogia multilunata, sp. n.

Head and thorax deep yellow, the collar and patagia

Tleterocera from Costa Lica. 539

tipped with dull brown. Abdomen pale yellow, with broad
segmental pale brown lines. Wings dull pale yellow; a
thick terminal brown line. Fore wings: fine, irregular,
brownish basal, subbasal, antemedial, and “nedial lites. edging
greyish blotehies 3 in cell, the medial containing a sm: all yellow
spot; a- distinct fuscous-brown spot on discocellular ; post-
medial and subterminal lines geminate, dull greyish, finely
edged with brown, deeply lunular and inwardly produced on
veins, the postmedial expanding above vein 5 into a large
fuscous- -grey patch, containing a yellow spot on costa ; from
near base a fine dark grey line along median and vein 4 to
termen; some indistinct marginal clusters of brown scales.
Hind wings slightly produced at vein 4; three thick medial
lines partly coalescing on veins, and with a fuscous discal
point ; postmedial paler, g eeminate, deeply lunular as on fore
wing; an irregular fine “and interrupted subterminal line.
Underneath similar, but much paler.
Expanse 32 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Cambogia dibapha, sp. n.

6. Head orange-brown; a white line between antennee.
Collar grey-brown. Thorax yellow, the patagia shaded in
front with orange-red. Abdomen above yellow shaded with
orange-red, the posterior segments with purplish brown.
Wings bright yellow, the lines orange-red, ore wings:
the lines on costa greyish brown, the colours suffusing along
costal vein; a basal and subbasal line, followed by two lines
interrupted below cell; a dark point on discocellular, and a
line below it to inner margin, geminate between median and
vein 2; a postmedial nearly straight line followed by a large
erey space from vein 2 to costia, shaded with dark reddish
brown, especially between veins 4 and 6, and mottled with
orange-red on costa; subterminal line only visible on inner
margin; marginal and terminal orange-red spots partly
suffusing. Hind wings: a basal line; a medial line below
discal point ; postmedial and subterminal lines; a large
greyish patch from vein 4 to inner margin above anal angle ; ;
marginal and termiual spots as on fore wing. Underneath
whitish yellow, the markings dull greyish.

Expanse 26 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Intermediate between C. insignata, Wlk., and C. cedon,
Dr., having the lines as in the former, with the large dark
patches of the latter.

36*

FAO Mr. W. Schaus on

Cambogia dione, sp. n.

3. Body and wings yellow; a white streak between
antenne; a broad postmedial dark lilacine grey shade with
a broad projection between veins 3 and 4, not reaching
termen; dark discal points ; the margins of postmedial shade
and other markings light orange-brown ; a fine subterminal
line; small marginal and terminal spots. Fore wings: a
basal, subbasal, and antemedial line ; the costa shaded with
orange-brown except medially. Hind wings: a thick basal
line; a broad medial line from near discal point to inner
margin. Underneath yellowish white, the markings smoky
lilacine grey.

Expanse 20 mm.

Hab. Sixola, Juan Vinas.

Cambogia nympha, sp. n.

?. Body greyish brown. Fore wing brownish grey,
except a broad apical space reaching vein 4, and a narrow
terminal space from vein 3 to tornus, which are pale yellow ;
lines indistinct fuscous grey ; a black discal point and faint
medial line, and a geminate postmedial line; a dentate sub-
terminal line on yellow space preceded by another line from
vein 6 to costa; some faint marginal marks below apex and
between veins 2 and 4. Hind wings: basal half dark dull
erey; a medial fuscous line and geminate postmedial line;
outer half pale yellow, shaded and streaked with lilacine
brown; a subterminal greyish-brown shade widest near anal
angle. Fore wings below dull roseate; a subterminal
yellow band interrupted between veins 2 and 4 by roseate
shading. Hind wings below pale yellow; some roseate striz
at apex.

Expanse 21 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis.

Near C. biteniata, Prout.

Cambogia dissensa, sp. n.

2. Head brown; a white line between antenne. Collar
and thorax greenish buff. Abdomen pale brown. Wings
yellow. Fore wings: from base a cloudy grey shade for
two-thirds on costa, and one-half on inner margin, its outer
edge limited by a brownish faint line, projecting below
vein 4, then incurved, crossed by yellow spots on costa; an
antemedial yellow line, and two postmedial darker grey
lines ; a black discal point ; terminal space with three greyish

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 541

lines from costa to vein 6, partly suffusing; traces of a
subterminal lunular brownish line, followed by a greyish
shade about veins 3-4 and on inner margin. Hind wings:
a fine pale roseate brown medial line, a marginal pale roseate
brown line, and similar terminal suffusions. Fore wings
underneath whitish yellow below cell, and on outer margin
below vein 6, otherwise dull roseate, with a similar sub-
terminal line and terminal suffusions, chiefly at apex; a
black discal point. Hind wings below yellow; a faint
roseate antemedial line, and similar lines at apex and anal
angie.
Expanse 29 mm.

Hab. Poas.
Cambogia lavinia, sp. n.

2. Head, patagia, and abdomen above orange-red ; collar
deep red; thorax grey-brown; a pale buff line between
antennee. Wings yellow, thickly suffused with orange-red
consisting of vague lines; a broad postmedial fuscous-grey
shade, expanding below subcostal, and emitting similar shades
to termen between veins 3 and 4; subterminal spots mottled
with fuscous grey; terminal fuscous- grey spots. Fore
wings: the costa spotted with deep yellow; a clear yellow
shade beyond the dark discal point. Hind wings: the discal
point circled with clear yellow. Wings below bone-colour,
the markings dull fuscous grey ; a fine antemedial line ;
a broad postmedial shade and branches; a well-marked
lunular subterminal shade preceded and followed by finer

lines.
Expanse 26 mm.
Hab. Turrialba.

Cambogia dryantis, sp. n.

9. Head and collar brown ; a white spot between antenne.,
Thorax purplish mottled with yellow. Abdomen above
shaded with reddish brown. Wings pale yellow; fuscous
discal spots; the lines purplish brown; similar terminal
points. Fore wings: the lines to near discal spot suffusing
and enclosing numerous small yellow spots; a clear yellow
band beyond cell from subcostal to inner margin, darkly
irrorated on vein 2 and submedian; a broad postmedial
purple-fuscous space, slightly striated with yellowish brown,
narrowest on inner margin, and emitting similar shades to
apex and termen between veins 3 and 4; a subterminal
geminate line visible between veins 6 and 4, and 3 to inner

ie Mr. W. Schaus on

margin ; a lunular marginal line. Hind wings: a fine basal
line ; a broad medial line on inner margin, partly suffusing
with the postmedial dark shade, which is narrower than on
fore wing, irregularly angled, and also with a branch to
termen between veins 3 and 4 ; the subterminal and marginal
lines broken into spots. Underneath paler with similar
markings, but dull fuscous grey.
Iixpanse 20 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Cambogia insuela, sp. n.

9. Frons orange and yellow. Vertex yellow, a white
line between antennee. Collarorange. Thorax and abdomen
yellow. Wings yellow, the lines brownish orange, fine,
wavy, and distinct ; a broad purple-fuscous subterminal line
irrorated with lustrous scales. Fore wings: a basal and
subbasal line; antemedial geminate, well apart, shaded
anteriorly with purplish; a dark discal point, followed by
three lines, the first shaded with purple and lustrous scales ;
minute marginal spots. Hind wings: a medial purplish-
fuscous line irrorated with lustrous scales, closely followed
by a lunular line, the interspace shaded with brown-orange ;
a postmedial line; the marginal line with darker points.
Underneath bone-colour, the markings dull purplish grey ;
discal points and distinct terminal line. Fore wings: base
to postmedial darkly suffused, followed by an indistinct fine
line, partly geminate. Hind wings: the medial line broad ;
the postmedial fine, hardly visible.

' Expanse 22 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Cambogia deleta, sp. n.

&. Body brown, a buff shade between antennze; a dorsal
black spot at base of abdomen. Wings and cilia dull brown
faintly tinged with roseate ; lines black; traces of fine lines
forming angles on costa above cell, and barely traceable to
inner margin; a minute black discal point ; three postmedial
lines close together, the middle line barely visible, the outer
line, more heavily marked, distinct, lunular, slightly bent
opposite cell ; subterminal and marginal lines partly geminate,
darker brown shaded with fuscous towards costa ; distinct
terminal black linear spots across veins. Hind wings:
discal spot larger, black, contiguous to a fuscous shade
edged with black; subterminal and marginal lines very

Tleterocera from Costa Rica. 543

indistinct, partly fuscous; terminal black points, the outer
margin slightly rounded. Underneath paler: the postmedial
line geminate, well apart, and distinct.

Expanse 19 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Cambogia dryope, sp. n.!

6. Body purplish brown ; a white line between antenne.
Wings purplish brown, the lines very indistinct, darker ;
small black discal spots. Fore wings: small yellowish
spots on costa; lines on basal half not traceable, only the
line nearest cell-spot defined by some yellowish shading ;
the three lines beyond cell clearer, fuscous, especially the
outer one, which is edged with a yellow shade widest between
vein 4 and 6 and on inner margin; subterminai and marginal
lines lunular, defined by faint yellowish shades; a terminal
fine black line expanding at veins ; cilia dark yellow with
fuscous-brown spots. Hind wings: lines indistinct, except
the third postmedial which is fuscous ; marginal lines partly
defined by yellowish mottling; terminal dark points ; the
outer margin crenulate. Underneath paler, the lines better
defined.

Expanse 19 mm.

Hab. ‘Lurrialba.

Cambogta crocina, sp. n.

6. Head and collar purplish brown; a white line between
antenne. Thorax yellow spotted with purplish red. Abdo-
men yellow with transverse reddish lines. Wings bright
yellow, the markings purplish red; dark discal points ;
small terminal points; cilia luteous, with a single dark spot
at vein 8. Fore wings: a narrow basal shade; an outcurved
subbasal line, interrupted below cell; an antemedial line,
outwardly expanding on veins; a medial oblique line on
costa and minute spots on veins; a broad postmedial shade,
narrowing on inner margin and between veins 5 and 6;
subterminal and marginal spots, suffusing partly from
vein 6 to costa, and between veins 3 and 4, forming an
irregular shade from postmedial to termen. Hind wings :
a basal spot; a medial line on inner margin; the postmedial
sinuous, constricted beyond cell ; subterminal spots geminate ;
marginal spots. Underneath paler, the hind wings with
only the discal point and postmedial shade.

Expanse 18 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

544 Mr. W. Schaus on

Cambogia guapa, sp. n.

g . Head and abdomen above brown ; a white line between
antenne. Thorax purplish, the patagia tipped with yellow.
Wings deep yellow. Fore wings: the costal margin to near
apex “purplish, with yellow streaks on extreme costa ; traces
of pale brown subbasal, antemedial, and medial fine lines,
the last followed by a dark point in cell; a broad postmedial
purplish shade, its outer edge somewhat dentate, followed
by two irregular lines of small lilacine brown spots and
strice ; terminal dark points. Hind wings: a broad sub-
basal purplish shade; a discal point; a broad postmedial
shade, outwardly expanding between veins 2 and 4; the
markings on outer margin more in the form of striee ;
terminal dark points at veins 3 and 4. Underneath paler ;
the postmedial shade crossed by a pale yellowish line; the
marginal markings more linear, but almost obsolete on hind
wing.

Jixpanse 18 mm.

Hab. Guapiles.

Superficially like C. erocina, Schs., but quite distinct.

Cambogia elongata, sp. n.

g. Palpi and frons brown. Vertex buff, a whitish shade
between antenne. Thorax and abdomen buff shaded with
dull roseate brown ; a transverse black spot on abdomen at
base. Wings and cilia yellow-buff, the lines dull roseate
brown ; black discal spots. Fore wings: five lines before
cell-spot, outbent on costa, wavy below ; beyond cell lines on
costa inbent; three postmedial lines, from which a darker
shade Seton to termen between veins 8 and 4 ; subterminal
lunular, partly geminate; marginal line finer, also partly
janulars jentiaal dark spots, partly linear. aad wings :
a subbasal and antemedial line; postmedial lines connected
by a greyish shade; other lines indistinct and irregular ;
outer margin faintly curved ; the inner margin prolonged,
giving a distinct appearance to the wing. Underneath paler,
the postmedial and subterminal lines more distinct.

Expanse 19 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

Ehodomena electa, sp. n.

&. Antenne pectinated. Palpi black fringed with white.
Head and abdomen white, the latter with fuscous segmental

® . : :
Leterocera from Costa Rica. O45

lines and dorsal irrorations. Collar and thorax pale green.
Fore wings pale green ; spots and markings black edged
with white ; a basal spot extending as a thick line to sub-
median ; some antemedial black scales on median, a spot on
costa, and a small spot on inner margin ; third costal spot,
not quite medial, forming part of an irregular slate-grey
band, interrupted in cell, the lower portion surrounded by
pale reddish scales, except on inner margin, these scales
outwardly edged by a very fine broken black line ; a fine
black streak on diseocellular and a spot above it on costa;
a fifth costal spot postmedially ; a small spot from veins 5-4,
and black points on other veins ; subterminally a costal spot
to vein 7, an irregular spot from 6 to below 5, preceded and
followed by reddish scales, and an irregular band from
vein 3 to inner margin preceded by reddish scaling ; some
terminal black spots, partly crossed or connected by an
interrupted black line, these spots extending on white cilia.
Hind wings white, showing the fine postmedial and broad
subterminal fuscous shade of underside. Fore wings below
white, the spots as above black, but duller.

Expanse 31 mm.

Hab. Turrialba.

Allied to R. pomponia, Dr.

Rhodomena excelsa, sp. n.

9. Palpi black, shaded with white at base. Frons white.
Vertex, collar, and thorax green. Abdomen white. Fore
wings dark green; a basal roseate fascia, bordered on either
side with black; an antemedial white fascia partly shaded
with roseate, outangled in cell, expanding towards base below
cell, followed by a black spot on costa, a small spot in cell
anteriorly, and an incurved broad black line from cell
posteriorly to inner margin; a postmedial black line, oblique
from costa to below vein 5, straight to vein 2, and then in-
bent to inner margin, followed by a triangular roseate space
from costa to below vein 5, a smaller triangular space from
inner margin to vein 2, each containing a green spot on
margin, and an intermediate irregular roseate space, emitting
a similar broad streak between veins 3 and 4 to termen; a
subterminal roseate ‘spot from costa to vein 6 containing a
small black spot on costa ; a subterminal dark brown line
edged with black from veins 6-4, and a similar fine wavy
line from vein 8 to inner margin, where it is outwardly
shaded with roseate ; cilia green shaded with black at veins.
Hind wings whitish grey. ore wings below white ; ante-
medial and medial fuscous spaces not reaching costa; a large

546 Mr. W. Schaus on

black subterminal space between veins 4 and 6, and duller
shades from vein 3 to inner margin. Hind wings below
white; a black discal point; a fine dark postmedial line,
angled between veins 3 and 4; a fine subterminal dark
line.

Expanse 35 mm.

Hab, Poas.

Hydriomena vernata, sp. u.

9. Palpi dark grey tipped with buff. Head green; a
geminate black spot on frons; a large black spot on vertex.
Collar and thorax greenish, the latter spotted with black.
Abdomen white. Tore wings green; a basal fuscous patch
not reaching inner margin, ; and crossed by a fine, angled,
ereen line; subbasal, antemedial, and medial fuscous- ironed
lines, rather broad, straight on costa, outangled in cell, the
last followed by a broad white space to postmedial; this
space narrow and tinged with green on costa, constricted
between veins 5 and 4, and almost obliterated by green and
fuscous mottling, outwardly expanding from vein 4 and
edged by the postmedial line and medial line, which are
inversely lunular; the postmedial is somewhat dentate above
vein 4 and forms a rather large spot on costa; the sub-
terminal consists of irregular blotches suffusing from vein 5
to costa, and connected by a fine line at vein 6 with an apical
spot; small terminal spots between the veins. Hind wings
white.

Jixpanse 27 mm.

fab, Turrialba.

Hydriomena picturata, sp. 0.

@. Palpi dark grey. Head white, the vertex shaded
with green. Collar and thorax green, the patagia irrorated
with black. Abdomen above greyish, irrorated with dark
brown ; subdorsal fuscous-brown spots at base. Fore wings:
the base green, limited by a black line outwardly oblique
from costa, expanding into a spot edged with white on inner
margin ; space beyond line roseate brow n, shaded with white
and rosy buff on costa; scattered black irrorations chiefly
on antemedial space, on veins postmedially, and at base ;
some black strize on costa ; traces of an oblique antemedial
dark line, inbent at fold, angled and outbent along sub-
median as a thick black line, almost reaching postmedial,
curved and inbent en inner margin, forming a hook filled in

TTeterocera from Costa Rica. 547

with dull black ; a fine black line on discocellular ; postmedial
fine, black, inangled at vein 5, then outcurved, followed on
veins by short black streaks : subterminal bioader, wavily
outcurved, slate-black, joined at vein 6 by a velvety-black
streak from apex; termen below apex and at tornus green
irrorated with pale blue; a terminal roseate-brown line
-spotted with black. Hind wings silky grey. Fore wings
below silky grey ; a fuscous streak on discocellular ; ae: fine
fuscous postmedial line; a broad outcurved subterminal
fuscous shade. Hind wings below silky grey irrorated with
dull grey ; a discal point, angled outer line, and marginal
shade,
Hixpanse 26 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Hydriomena confusa, sp. 0.

?. Palpi fuscous grey, paler at tips. Head and thorax
green mottled with darker green and black. Abdomen grey-
buff; a dorsal fuscous streak, and slate-black tuft at base.
Fore wings green, spots and lines fuscous brown, becoming
black on inner margin; a basal streak from costa to ent
median ; a curved, lunular subbasal streak, most heavily
marked on margins; an antemedial spot on costa suffusing
with subbasal in cell ; medial fascia broad from subcostal bo
inner margin, outwardly crossed by a wavy green line ;
postmedial “heavy on costa, narrow, lunular from vein 7 to
inner margin; subterminal lunular, geminate, filled in with
brownish green; an interrupted terminal black line; cilia
fuscous grey spotted with green. Hind wings whitish shaded
with grey-brown; a terminal fuscous line; an indistinct
subterminal line. Fore wings below greyish ; costa whitish
buff, spotted with black; a dark line on discocellular; a
postmedial shade slightly outcurved below subcostal; a
broad subterminal fuscous shade from veins 4-7. Hind
wings below whitish thickly irrorated with brown ; a dark
discal point ; traces of ja dark postmedial and subterminal
line.

Iixpanse 32 mm.

Hab. Poas.

Near H. fassh, Dogn.

Hydriomena tectoria, sp. n.

Q. Palpi coal-black. Head and thorax pale green, with
large coal-black spots on frons, vertex, and patagia. Abdo-
men dorsally black, crossed by white segmental lines. Fore

548 Mr. W. Schaus on

wings: costa green, with large coal-black spots, separated by
green or white geminate lines divided by brownish lines;
basal half from subcostal to submedian slate-grey, irrorated
with black and showing no distinct lines ; postmedial space
greer, with dark irrorations beyond discocellular and on
vein 3 crossed by postmedial fuscous line, which is broad
from costa to vein 4, then fine to inner margin; the green
portion beyond postmedial line is partly darker green and
with black points on veins 4-7; subterminal broad, pale
chocolate-brown edged with black ; termen green, with some
round fuscous marginal spots, outwardly edged with white,
and triangular terminal black spots at veins. Cilia roseate
brown. Hind wings silky white; a terminal dark line ; cilia
brownish white. Wings below glossy greyish white. Fore
wings: a broad outcurved postmedial fuscous shade, preceded
and followed by acreamy-white spot on costa; a subterminal
black shade, expanding on costa to APeX ; marginal clearer
white spots between the veins. Hind wings: a postmedial
and a subterminal fuscous shade, evenly curved.

Jixpanse 29 mm.

flab. Poas.

Allied to HH. confusa, Schs., but the hind wings and
underside very different.

ITydriomena furine, sp. n.

?. Palpi outwardly dark brown, tipped with grey. Head
pale olive-green. Collar and thorax brownish green.
Abdomen above olive, with a few dark irrorations, and a
geminate dorsal black line on basal segment. Fore wings
greenish grey ; antemedial space olive, with a few scattered
reddish scales, inwardly edged by a subbasal black line,
oblique from costa across cell, finer below cell, and narrowl
edged with white on basal side, outwardly limited by a fine
nearly straight black line, and crossed by a rather broad
fuscous-grey line; on inner margin from subbasal to beyond
medial linea broad curved black fascia ; postmedial black,
oblique from costa to vein 6, where it is followed bya short
black streak below 6, inset and oblique from 6-4, wavy,
very fine, and interrupted from 4 to inner margin ; the post-
medial is partly followed by some roseate shading ; sub-
terminal rather broad, irregular, lilacine grey, shading to
fuscous brown on costa and inner margin, and faintly edged
with white ; a black line from subterminal at vein 6 to apex,
interrupted by vein 7. Hind wings whitish shaded with
grey ; a faint postmedial line and broad subterminal greyish

Fleterocera from Costa Rica. 549

shade. Underneath silky whitish grey, with darker post-
medial and subterminal shades, and a small discal spot on
hind wings.

Expanse 36 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Hydriomena lucifuga, sp. n.

?. Body fuscous grey. Fore wings fuscous grey tinged
with brown, and with dull reddish-brown irrorations forming
vague antemedial and medial shades, partly outlined by
black irrorations; traces of fine basal, postmedial, sub-
terminal, and marginal lines, the latter lunular. Hind wings
dark grey. Wings below dark silvery grey, partly irrorated
with still darker grey scales ; faint traces of a postmedial
fuscous shade. Vein 6 on fore wing from near end of areole.

Expanse 31 mm. ‘

Hab. Poas.

Found in dark humid forest at about 8000 feet elevation.

fTydriomena cydippe, sp. n.

3. Antenne simple. Palpi fuscous tipped with white.
Head yellowish buff. Collar and thorax reddish brown with
some black spots. Abdomen greyish irrorated with brown ;
anal segments fuscous. [Fore wings brownish red, the lines
broad, fuscous brown, uneven ; basal line not reaching inner
margin; subbasal outbent ; antemedial oblique from costa,
perpendicular from cell to inner margin, very broad, suffusing
with medial line in cell posteriorly and just below it; post-
medial with its outer edge lunular, finer trom vein 3 to inner
margin ; subterminal expanding outwardly from above
vein 7 to vein 4, edged by a dentate black line, inwardly
broadly black between 6 and 4, and mottled with red just
below £; irregular terminal black spots between the veins,
and some black strize towards apex, which is spotted with
black; cilia black, mottled with grey at veins. Hind wings
whitish shaded with brownish grey; a fine dark postmedial
line and irregular subterminal shade. Wings below greyish
brown. Fore wings: a postmedial fuscous shade, heaviest
on costa; a subterminal fuscous shade below vein 6. Hind
wings: some brownish irrorations; a black discal point;
postmedial and subterminal dark shades.

Expanse 30 mm.

Hab. Voleano Vurrialba.

Looks rather like Léhodomena cydra, Dr., which has
ciliated antenne.

550 Mr. W. Schaus on

TTydriomena gosala, sp. n.

g. Antenne simple. Head buff. Thorax and abdomen
erey-brown, thinly irrorated with reddish scales, the abdomen
crossed by segmental black lines. Fore wings dull olive
thinly irrorated with red scales; veins on outer “half mottled
grey and roseate; fuscous-brown costal spots at origin of
lines, also one at base and one at apex; antemedial and
mec lial lines fine, fuscous, and a broad fuscous shade between
them ; postmedial fine, dentate and oblique to vein 4, out-
curved belaw 4 and below 3, finely wavy from 2 to inner
margin; subterminal geminate from costa to vein 4 and on
inner margin, filled in with fuscous brown; a terminal black
line interrupted between veins. Hind wings whitish shaded
with grey-brown; a terminal fine dark line; cilia shaded
with black at veins. Wings below whitish grey. Fore
wings: a postmedial small “black spot on costa; a large
fuscous shade at apex. Hind wings: a fine lunular post-
medial line and indistinct subterminal shade.

Expanse 30 mm.

Hab. Poas.

Allied to H. algosa, Dogn.

Eriopygidia daphne, sp. n.

g. Palpi light brown, the segments darker streaked
laterally. Head light brown. Collar pale green. Thorax
green streaked with fuscous. Abdomen light brown, shaded
with ‘reddish brown dorsally. Fore tibize reddish spotted
with black. Fore wings green; costa finely red, interrupted
by the large black costal spots ; subbasal fascia black, narrow,
consisting of a spot on costa, a small spot in cell; a spot
below cell outangled close to median, foe an outbent line on
inner margin, all connected outwardly by a fine whitish line ;
antemedial broader, consisting of two spots on costa, a large
spot in cell, and one from median to inner margin, black,
thinly irrorated with red and edged with darker green ;
medial fascia very broad, limited by postmedial line, its
margin inversely lunular, thei inner vertical, the outer oblique
from | costa, inangled at vein 5, then slightly outeurved, black,
irrorated with sek and mottled with green, chiefly in call paid
beyond it, the margins being faintly edged with whitish
green; a fuscous subterminal shade on costa, crossed by a
ereenish line ; an oblique green shade from postmedial green
area to apex, and below ita large fuscous shade between

TTeterocera from Costa Rica. SOL

veins 4 and 6; below vein 4 and below vein 3 angled white
subterminal lines edged on either side with fuscous ; below
vein 2 a narrow fuscous shade; the green space between
postmedial line and subterminal shades is crossed by a darker
green line connecting fuscous points on veins; large ter-
terminal black spots; cilia finely red at base, outwardly
mottled with black. Hind wings: the base and inner
margin broadly fuscous brown, otherwise dark vermilion,
this colour extending on the dark space and forming a faint
postmedial line. Wings below reddish; fore wings with a
black space below cell from base to beyond middle, ‘and some
black irrorations near apex; hind wings with a black discal

point, a broad postmedial lunular black shade, and faint
subterminal line.

Expanse 36 mm.

flab. Juan Vinas.

Near L2. commutata, Dogn.; the upperside is like 7. flavo-
limbarioides, Dogn., the underside like E. radiosa, Dogn.

Psaliodes electa, sp. n.

?. Palpi brown, outwardly shaded with fuscous. Head
luteous buff, Collar and thorax rust-red. Abdomen erey-
brown. Fore wings: a little less than basal half rust-red,
broadly mottled with dull violet-brown at base, and er ossed
by a similar antemedial shade; a fuscous, interrupted,
medial line, preceded by a silvery spot on costa, and marked
by similar spots in cell, above. and below submedian fold,
and on inner margin; outer half dull violet-brown, some-
what paler on termen ; a black point at end of cell; a sub-
terminal silvery-white ‘line, interrupted and outset at vein 6,
forming two lunules from 6 to 4, incurved below 4, finer,
and interrupted by veins, followed from 6 to 4 by a fuscous
line and then a rust-red shade; cilia with black spots.
Hind wings greyish white ; a postmedial and a subterminal
dark grey shade. Fore wings below similar but duller.
Hind wings below: basal half yellowish, thickly irrorated
with brown ; a black discal spot; outer half yellow-brown,
with a finely dentate darker postmedial line.

Expanse 20 mm. |

Hab. Poas, Turrialba.

Closely allied to P. miniata, Warr.

552 Mr. H. Druce on

LXI.—Descriptions of Seven new Species of Heterocera
belonging to the Subfamily Ophiusine. By Herserr
Druce, F.L.S. &e.

Anua wxylochroa, sp. n.

Male Head, antenne, palpi, collar, tegule, thorax,
abdomen, and legs pale brown. Primaries pale brown,
crossed by three darker brown waved bands extending from
the costal to the inner margin; a dark brown spot at the
end of the cell and a rather large darker brown marking close
to the base on the inner margin; the fringe brown: second-
aries brown, darkest near the outer margin; the fringe
whitish from the apex to the middle of the outer margin,
then brown to the anal angle. Underside: both wings pale
brown, palest from the base to the middle.

Expanse 3 inches.

Hab. W. Africa, Upper Kasai District, Congo Free State
(P. Landbeck, Mus. Druce).

Achea chrysopera, sp. n.

Male.—Head, antenne, palpi, and front of the thorax
blackish brown ; collar, tegula, thorax, and abdomen reddish
brown ; the anal tuft dark brown. Primaries reddish brow n,
shaded with lighter brown on the costal margin; several
indistinct, narrow, waved brown lines cross the wing from
the costal to the inner margin; a large greyish-white half
circular spot on the costal margin close to the apex : second-
aries black, broadly bordered from the apex nearly to the
anal angle with bright orange-yellow ; the anal angle shaded
with reddish brown, the fringe reddish brown. Underside :
primaries yellowish brown, palest in the middle ; a streak at
the base and a large mark at the anal angle black : second-
aries yellowish brown, with a marginal row of black points.

Expanse 2} inches.

Hab. East “Africa, Dar-as-Salaam (Jlus. Druce).

Achea leucopera, sp. n.

Male.—Head, antenne, palpi, collar, tegule, thorax, abdo-
men, and legs brown. Primaries from the base nearly to the
middle of the cell dark brown, then pale brown ; a narrow
waved white line crosses the wing from the costal to the
inner margin; a black spot at the end of the cell, beyond
which two fine black lines cross the wing; a reddis sh- brown

new Spectes of HHeterocera. 553

spot close to the apex; the outer margin of the wing dark
brown, the marginal line black, the fringe brown: second-
aries dark brown, the apex and half the outer margin white.
Underside: primaries dark brown, the apex broadly white,
the inner margin and base yellowish white ; a dark brown
spot at the end of the cell anda fine waved brown line beyond
the cell extending from the costal to the inner margin:
secondaries dark brown, crossed about the middle from the
costal to the inner margin by two waved dark brown lines ;
a dark brown spot at the end of the cell; the apex white; a
submarginal waved white line,

Expanse 2+ inches.

Hab. West Africa, Bitje, Ja River, Cameroons, 2000 feet ;
dry season (Aus. Druce).

Achea sarcopasa, sp. n.

Male.—Head, antenne, palpi, collar, tegule, thorax, and
abdomen pale fawn-colour, Primaries pale fawn-colour,
crossed from the costal to the inner margin by two greyish-
white lines, the first nearest the base, the second beyond the
cell; the outer margin of the wing dark fawn-colour, shaded
with greyish white ; the fringe greyish fawn-colour: second-
aries yellowish white, shaded with pale brown on the inner
and outer margin ; a wide submarginal black band extends
from the apex to the middle of the wing below the cell; the
fringe white. Underside greyish white: primaries with a
large black mark close to the anal angle.

Expanse 2? inches.

Hab. Madagascar (Mus. Druce).

Ophisma pyrosticha, sp. n,

Male.—Head, antenne, palpi, collar, tegule, thorax, abdo-~
men, and legs dark brown. Primaries dark reddish brown ;
a grey spot at tlhe end of the cell; a waved greyish-white
line beyond the cell extending from the costal margin nearly
to the anal angle, but not reaching it, and a greyish-white
spot at the apex; an orange-brown spot on the inner margin
nearest the anal angle; the fringe brown; secondaries
blackish brown; the fringe yellowish brown on the outer
margin. Underside; both wings pale greyish brown, both
wings with a submarginal wide darker brown band.

Expanse 2 inches.

Hab. 8.B. Peru, Santo Domingo, 6000 feet (Ockenden,
Mus. Druce).

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. ix. a7

554 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

Parallelia arcifera, sp. 0.

Male.—Head, antenne, palpi, collar, tegule, thorax, abdo-
men, and legs brown. Primaries brown, crossed near the
base from the costal to the inner margin by a dark brown
line; a wide dark brown band crosses the wing from the
costal to the inner margin, where it comes to a point ; the
band is much angulated on the outer side; a dark brown
spot at the apex: secondaries uniformly dark brown; the
fringes of both wings brown. The underside brown.

Expanse 13 inch.

Hab. West Africa (Mus. Druce).

Ercheta chionopera, sp. n.

Female.— Head, antennz, palpi, collar, tegule, thorax,
abdomen, and legs dark brown; the thorax with some grey
hairs mixed with the brown scales. Primaries dark brown,
palest in the middle ; a dark brown spot at the end of the
cell; a waved white line near the base extending from the
costal to the inner margin ; a second brownish-white line
beyond the cell; the fringe dark brown: secondaries dark
brown, palest at the base, the apex white. Underside:
primaries pale brown, the apex and a marginal row of small
spots white: secondaries as above.

Expanse 23 inches.

Hub. West Africa, Victoria, Cameroons (Jfus. Druce).

LXI1.—Descriptions and Records of Bees—XLIV.
By T. D. A. Cockere.t, University of Colorado.

Xylocopa lateralis, Say.

A female from Antigua, Guatemala (JV. P. Cockerell), is
referred with assurance to fed lateralis, hitherto known only
in the male. The face is, of course, entirely black. Except
for the fact that the wings are translucent reddish brown,
with only a faint pinkish iridescence (instead of fuscous,
shining blue), and the anterior tarsi have all the hair on
inner side red, the insect seems not to differ from the
Brazilian C. crotolariea, Schrottky. The width of the abdo-
men is 85mm. Superficially the insect looks exactly like
X. micans, Lep.

Records of Bees. VvII0

Xylocopa wilmatte, sp. n.

? —Length about 32 mm. ; anterior wing 24.

Entirely black, with black hair ; structure of X. drasilia-
norum, but larger, the brown-black wings with bluish-green
iridescence ; clypeus very broad, with very large punctures,
the median smooth line poorly developed ; antennz practi-
cally all dark; tegule black ; median process of posterior
tibia strongly bifid.

Hab. Guatemala City, Guatemala (W. P. Cockerell).

Xylocopa wilmatie gualanensis, subsp. n.

2 .—Length about 29 mm.; anterior wing 21.

Wings with the same green iridescence, but the central
part also with strong purple tints; apex of scape and of
second antennal joint a lively red; median process of poste-
rior tibiz with the upper tooth obsolete, represented by a
low rounded lobe; third antennal joint proportionately
shorter than in wilmatte.

Hab. Gualan, Guatemala, Feb. 17, 1912 (W. P. Cockerell).

True X. brasilianorum (L.), which I possess from Jamaica
and the Argentine Republic, has the wings with strong
rosy-purple tints, more or less golden about the middle, but
not at all bluish green. The anterior wings are 19 to 20mm.
long.

Another species, which I have heretofore confused with
X. brasilianorum, must now be separated.

Xylocopa mexicanorum, sp. n.

? .—Anterior wing 22 mm. long.

Wings dark fuliginous, with magnificent colours, the basal
two-thirds prevailingly violet, the apical third very bright
blue-green ; clypeus evidently narrower than in X. wilmatte,
and the teeth of labrum closer together; flagellum, except
at base, obscure coffee-brown beneath; smooth area on
elypeus very well developed; process on hind tibiz as in
gualanensis.

Hab, Rio Nautla, Vera Cruz, Mexico, March 18 ; two at
flowers of plant no. 18 (C. H. T. Townsend).

Much larger than X. nasica, Pérez, and with the inter-
ocellar space rough and punctured,

556 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

Xylocopa fimbriata, Fabr., var. motaguensis, nov.

A female from Gualan, Guatemala, Feb. 1912 (W. P.
Cockerell), has the wings a fine blue-green, bluer in the
middle, and the broadly interrupted transverse frontal carina
has its divisions longer and larger than in a specimen
collected by W. W. Brown, Jun., at Saboga Island, Panama.
The Panama insect also has the wings quite differently
coloured, with no bright tints, but washed with obscure
golden green, the apical field a little purplish. Lepeletier
described X. cornuta, Lep., usually considered a synonym of
frontalis, as having the frontal keel imterrupted, whereas
jimbriata was said to have it entire. Both came from
Cayenne. According to the characters given by Lepeletier,
both the Guatemala and Panama insects should be cornuta.
Pérez describes great colour-variation in the wings of X. fim-
briata. The colour of the wings of cornuta, as described by
Lepeletier, accords sufficiently with the Panama insect. If
Lepeletier’s diagnosis of fimbriata is correct it is probable
that XY. cornuta is a good species, and the insect now described
will then stand as X. cornuta motaguensis.

Agapostemon nasutus gualanicus, var. 0.

& .—Metathorax usually very blue; anterior and middle
femora with much black or fuscous on the basal half; hind
femora entirely black behind; hind tibie largely pale
brownish ; black abdominal bands very broad.

Hab. Gualan, Guatemala (W. P. Cockerell, 2) ; four males.

This appears to be a dimorphic form of A. nasufus, Sm.,
the typical form of which is abundant at Gualan. The
broader abdominal bands and darker legs give it a distinct
appearance.

I cannot separate the Gualan females into two lots.

Ceratina amabilis rhodochrysea, var. uv.

9 ¢.—Abdomen not so purple, more salmon-red, the hind
margins of the segments broadly suffused with gold; head
and thorax a bluer green.

& .— Vertex dark purple-blue ; face-markings consisting
of a very large and thick reversed T on clypeus, and small
triangular lateral marks (the female has no lateral face-
marks, the lateral spots being clypeal); greater part of
labrum and a small spot on each mandible cream- colour ;
middle and posterior femora angled below, the middle very
obtusely ; apex of abdomen with the sides convex and the

Records of Bees, 057

median tooth triangular, broad and short; fifth ventral
segment with a pair of strong sharp apical spines. The end
of the abdomen resembles that of C. azteca, but the median
tooth is much shorter and broader.

Hab. Quirigua, Guatemala, Feb. 10, 1912; one of each
sex (IV. P. Cockerell, 16).

This was takeu with true C. amabdilis, Ckll., but the colora-
tion is peculiar, and it seems best to give it a varietal name.
In certain lights the gold of the abdomen shines greenish.

Ceratina wilmatte, sp. n.

9.—Like C. amabilis, but perhaps usually larger; the
abdomen of a darker crimson-red, less strongly and densely
punctured, especially on the fourth segment ; wings very
red; green of head and thorax more or less suffused with
golden ; vertex, and mesothorax more or less, dark bronze ;
pale spot on clypeus short though large, not much longer
than broad ; no lateral clypeal spots ; anterior tibiz with a
yellow spot at base, but no stripe.

Hab. Quirigua, Guatemala ; twoat yellow golden-rod-like
flower (W. P. Cockerell).

Very close to C. amabilis, but, I believe, distinct.

Ceratina ignara, Cresson.

Two females and a male from Lake Amatitlan, Feb. 5
(W. P. Cockerell), must surely belong to ignara, as the
females agree closely with Cresson’s description. Compared
with a specimen of C. abdominalis, H. 8. Smith (from the
type lot), they are almost identical, except that the wings
are not nearly so dark, and especially not so red. The male
(unknown to Cresson) differs considerably from Smith’s
account of male abdominalis, having the following salient
characters :—Hyes very prominent, converging below ;
clypeus light yellow except the broad lateral margins ;
small elongate lateral face-marks, away from eye, pointing
obliquely upwards and mesad; labrum black, with a minute
pale dot; mandibles black, with the apex dark red; end of
abdomen with a little tuft of hair; seventh segment pro-
duced into a very large broad truncate plate, very shallowly
emarginate in the middle. The clypeal mark in the females
is large. The sides of the apical plate in the male are much
less sloping than in abdominalis.

50S Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Descriptions and

Ceratina regalis, sp. D.

g .— Length about 8 mm.

Exceedingly brilliant shining blue, with strong bluish-
green tints on face and base of abdomen, a green suffusion
also on scutellum and postscutellum; head very strongly
and densely punctured ; cheeks strongly and sparsely punc-
tured, the upper part rather closely punctured in front and
impunctate posteriorly ; antenne black, the flagellum with
a whitish pruinosity; broad lower margin of clypeus
(narrower at sides, deeply notched above in middle), short
elongate lateral face-marks (separated from the light colour
on clypeus), patch (notched above) in middle of labrum, and
a very large subtriangular patch on each mandible, all cream-
colour; mesothorax with small punctures, not dense except
at sides; thorax without light markings; area of meta-
thorax granular, rather poorly defined, plicate basally ;
femora blue (especially behind), the middle and hind ones
obtusely angled below; tibize black, anterior ones greenish
behind; tarsi dark, with white hair, except on inner side,
where it is yellow ish ; tegule rufo-piceous. Wings strongly
reddish infuscated, pallid “basally ; ; stigma and nervures dark.
Abdomen with a broad pure black striated band across
second and third segments, not reaching hind or lateral
margins ; seventh segment inconspicuous, appearing ventral,
obtusely bilobed in the manner of C. cobaltina, but the lobes
not so far apart ; fifth ventral segment bispinose ; venter of
abdomen with glittering white hair, except the apical part,
where it is brownish.

Hab. Gualan, Guatemala, Feb. 15, 1912 (IV. P. Cockerell).

Resembles C. cobaltina, Cresson, differing by the notched
clypeal mark, the closely punctured pleura, the darker wings,
the absence of a stripe on anterior tibiz, and the colour of
the abdomen. From C. polita, Friese, it is readily known
by the structure of the apex of the abdomen.

Ceratina i aa coal sp. 0.

9? .—Length a little over 7 mm.

Rather slender ; head, chotax and abdomen shining dark
olive-green ; face rather narrow ; pubescence very scanty ;
head with bright chrome- yellow markings as follows—a
broad bar on clypeus (almost reaching upper and lower
margins, but not at all produced laterally), a large spot on
each side of clypeus, a bar like that on clypeus, but smaller,
on each side close to eyes (its middle a little below level of

.

Records of Bees. 559

antennze), and a long broad stripe (pointed below) on cheeks ;
Jabrum and mandibles entirely dark, middle of labrum
rugose, with large punctures; face smooth, with scattered
large punctures; vertex with large punctures; mesothorax
smooth on disc, anteriorly with close small punctures, the
posterior margin and the scutellum with very numerous
minute punctures; tubercles bright chrome-yellow or orange ;
area of metathorax finely granular; tegule rufo-piceous.
Wings dark reddish fuliginous; stigma dark and opaque.
Legs black (the hind legs have collected white pollen) ; spurs
pale ferruginous. Abdomen clavate, narrowed basally ;
first segment small, shining and impunctate; following seg-
ments with close fine punctures, the apical ones rugose as
usual.

Hab. Antigua, Guatemala (W. P. Cockerell).

The face-markings strongly suggest C. maculifrons, Sm.,
but that is a more robust species, with a densely punctured
head, very coarsely punctured thorax, &c. C. punctulata,
Spin., is another species with the same general type of
markings, but it has long, continuous, lateral face-marks
and is very strongly punctured on head and thorax.

Ceratina xanihostoma, sp. 0.

¢ —Length about 10 mm.

Head rather large, the face with very large more or less
confluent punctures ; the following markings are primrose-
yellow—clypeus (except rather broad lateral, very narrow
upper, and narrow lower margins, the Jast rufo-fuscous),
small thorn-shaped lateral marks (at one point touching
yellow of clypeus), labrum (except margins and two large
spots), and rather small spot on mandibles; no yellow on
cheeks or thorax; antenne black; sides of face bright
green, sides of clypeus dark purplish, supraclypeal region
black, front suffused with crimson, vertex dark green, witha
crimson band ; cheeks dark blue-green, smooth, with a very
well-defined band of punctures ; mesothorax purplish black,
with rather strong scattered punctures, the five impressed
lines very distinct ; scutellum yellowish green, rather closely
punctured ; postscutellum blue-green, with very small punc-
tures; pleura very strongly aud quite closely punctured,
black, the posterior margin bluish; metathorax black, the
area suffused with green; area of metathorax short, pointed
posteriorly in middle, sharply bounded, its surface finely
plicate and with a median keel ; just below the boundary of
the area, on each side, isa furrow; tegule light rufous, dark

560 ‘Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

at base. Wings smoky translucent, not reddened; stigma
and nervures dark reddish. Legs black, anterior femora
dark blue behind; middle and hind femora obtusely angled
below ; spurs dark reddish ; hair on inner side of tarsi light
ferruginous ; trochanters with a yellow apical band; ante-
rior tibiz with a small yellow streak. Abdomen bronzy
black and yellow-green, the apical part bright golden green ;
first segment punctured in middle of disc and narrowly along
hind margin; second segment more closely and finely punc-
tured than third ; seventh segment broad, shaped much as in
C. mexicana, but the apical angle much less acute and the
sides on each side of it much less concave; sixth ventral
segment deeply excavated in middle, but not spined ; the
seventh dorsal has a little tuft of yellow hair at apex and
one at each corner, these contrasting with the white hair of
the ventral surface.

Hab. Gualan, Guatemala, Feb. 18, 1912 (W. P. Cockerell).

In the table by H.S. Smith (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.
xxxiil. p. 116) this runs to C. mexicana, Cresson, to which it
is evidently allied, but it differs in colour (e. g., mevicana has
the face-marks “white or yellowish,” the flagellum pale
brown beneath, &c.) and in the structure of the apex of the
abdomen.

Ceratina xanthostoma rufipennis, var. u.

¢ .—Length about 8 mm.

Wings deeply stained with red; sides of face yellowish
green; lateral and hind margins of mesothorax green ;
scutellum suffused with crimson anteriorly; area of meta-
thorax less distinctly defined, very narrow (short) at sides,
suffused with blue, the median part distinctly tricarinate ;
pleura a brillant steel-blue, purplish im middle and green
just below wings; a small yellow spot at base of anterior
tibie, but the stripe evanescent. Neither in this nor in
typical wanthostoma is there any sign of the pale line on
lower anterior orbits found in male mevicana,

Hab. Gualan, Guatemala, Feb. 18, 1912 (W. P. Cockerell).

This looks like a distinct species, but I believe it is only a
variety of C. xanthostoma, ,

Dianthidium gualanense, sp. u.

¢ .—Length about 5 mm.

Black, with very large strong punctures ; face, pleura, &e.
with scanty white hair; clypeus (except narrow apical
margin) and lateral face-marks extending along eyes to

Records of Bees. 561

middle of front (but separated from upper part of clypeus by
a slender black wedge) pale yellow; a slender and obscure
broadly interrupted yellow occipital band ; mandibles with
around basal yellow spot ; antenne black, with the long
flagellum dark reddish beneath ; mesothorax and scutellum
with very large punctures, as dense as possible; thorax
wholly without light markings ; scutellum projecting ; base
of metathorax with strong grooves; tegule black. Wings
strongly dusky, the upper apical region very dark; b. n.
falling a trifle short of t.-m.; submarginal cells about equal
in size; second r.n. going far beyond end of second s.m.
Legs black, the anterior tarsi bright ferruginous, and their
tibize red in front; middle tarsi reddish, hind ones red at
apex only. Abdomen strongly punctured, but the punctures
very much smaller than those on thorax; markings of
abdomen bright chrome-yellow, consisting of a patch on each
side of first two segmeuts, and entire bands, successively
broader, on the following four ; the bands on the fourth and
fifth segments are suddenly narrowed laterally ; seventh
segment bidentate, the teeth triangular and widely sepa-
rated ; venter with much white hair.

Hab. Gualan, Guatemala, Feb. 18, 1912 (W. P. Cockerell).

The armature of the seventh abdominal segment is not
unlike that of Anthidium alpinum (Moraw.), except that the
teeth are much smaller and not nearly so close together.
The pulvilli are large, as is normal for Dianthidium. The
species shows some resemblance to Dianthidium impatiens
(Smith), but that insect has yellow mandibles, yellow
markings on thorax, &c.

Osmia erythrotricha, sp. n.

2 .—Length about 125 mm.

Black, with bright fox-red hair, pallid on the under side of
head and thorax, extremely bright, becoming almost crimson-
tinted, on abdomen above ; ventral scopa bright ferruginous ;
mandibles broad, quadridentate ; head and thorax strongly
and closely punctured ; tegulz shining black, with few small
punctures. Wings very dark, reddish fuliginous.

Hab. Guatemala (Juan Rodriguez).

Among the American species this is allied to O. azteca,
Cresson, which is smaller and has a yellow scopa. The
extraordinary thing is that O. erythrotricha looks exactly
like O. pseudoaurulenta, Dours, which I have from Tangier.
I should hardly know how to separate them, but that the
African insect has red tegule, a less hairy face, much less

562 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deseriptions and

massive mandibles, and considerably shorter marginal and
second submarginal cells. O. pseudoaurulenta nests in snail-
shells ; does the Guatemalan species do the same ?

Perdita tropicalis, sp. n.

¢ .—Length about 45 mm.

Head and thorax moderately shining, rather dark green,
the metathorax varying to quite blue; hair of head and
thorax white, long and rather abundant, the mesothorax
quite hairy; head very broad, facial quadrangle broader
than long, cheeks unarmed ; clypeus broad and low, pro-
duced at sides, pale yellow except the broad upper margin,
the upper limit of the yellow irregular; labrum pale yellow,
as also the long mandibles except their broad rufous apices ;
Jateral face-marks L-shaped, in the lower corners of the face ;
no supraclypeal or dog-ear marks; antennz dark above,
pale yellowish below; thorax without lght markings ;
scutellum with a curious purplish-black tint; tegule
hyaline, witha pale yellow spot. Wings hyaline, iridescent,
the nervures and margin of stigma fuscous; marginal cell
rather long. Legs pale yellowish testaceous, with long
hairs ; anterior and middle femora behind and hind ones on
both sides with a large dark brown cloud; hind tibize with a
brown suffusion. Abdomenshining, warm yellowish ochreous,
the segments with dark fuscous subapical bands, which turn
upwards at sides; first segment nearly all dark ; venter
reddish, without markings.

Hab. Gualan, Guatemala, Feb. 15,1912 (W. P. Cockereil).
Three collected from yellow flowers of a tree.

In my key to Perdita (Proc. Phil. Acad. 1896) this runs
to 71, but is not close to either of the species there indicated,
nor to the later-described species (P. rhodura, P. mentzeli-
arum), which also fall in this vicinity. In the face-markings,
but not otherwise, there is a certain resemblauce to P. calli-
cerata. The species isas isolated as its geographical position
would lead us to expect, although it presents no very striking
features. he maxillary palpi are six-jointed, the first joint
large; the labial palpi have the first joint about five times as
long as the second.

Ptiloglossa mayarum, sp. 0.

? Agreeing with P. mexicana (Cress.), except as fol-
lows:—Abdomen shining olive-green, first segment with
abundant long pale fulvous hair, except at sides, where it is
dense and creamy white, but on the upper part of sides, at

Records of Bees. 563

junction of dorsal and ventral surfaces, largely stained with
sooty ; segments 2 to 4 have broad apical bands covered with
appressed golden hair; the second and third segments, ante-
rior to the bands, have thin appressed golden hair, not con-
cealing the surface, but at extreme sides the hair is black,
with white hair just below this on sides of venter ; the fourth
segment, except apically, has appressed black hair, but with
golden hairs intermixed, especially in middle ; the fifth and
apex have strongly plumose sooty-grey hair ; the hind legs
have all the hair on inner side bright copper-red ; ; on outer
side of hind tibize the hair is posteriorly fuscous, anteriorly
brownish white ; labrum entirely clear red, strongly longitu-
dinally suleate in middle, the sides of the sulcus aised into
prominent lips (the labrum of mecicana is not suleate). The
tegulie are light apricot-colour ; hair of thorax above dense
and very bright fulvous, tipped with fuscous; hair of upper
part of pleura largely blackened. Wi ings strongly reddish.
Hab. Quirigua, Guatemala (IV. P. Cocker ell, 420).

Anthidium rodriguezi, sp. n.

¢ .—Length about 20 mm.; anterior wing 13.

Black, with the mandibles except at apex, wedge-shaped
lateral face-marks between clypeus and eyes, approximately
the lower half of clypeus (the margin of the yellow
W-shaped), the dorsal surface of scutellum, and the axille,
all pale chrome-yellow ; outer side of all the basitarsi, and
large apical patch on middle tibiz, pale yellow ; abdomen
black without markings ; hair of head and thorax white,
tinged with ochreous on face, vertex, and mesothorax ;
mesothorax with two very large discal patches of dark
fuscous hair, almost united about middle ; ocellar region
with fuscous hairs; mandibles with two large teeth ond
three little ones; clypeus closely and finely punctured ;
antenne entirely dark, not long; mesothorax strongly and
densely punctured, the middle of disc shining, with the
punctures sparser; scutellum with the edge projecting,
emarginate in middle ; tegulz black, with onal punctures.
Wings fuliginous, the Reolgun conics dilute ; upper part
of marginal cell greatly darkened ; b. n. going far basad of
t.-m.; second s.m. longer than first, receiving first r.n. very
near its base, and second r. n. an equal distance beyond its
apex; anterior legs with a dense fringe of shining white
hair behind, especially on basitarsi ; “middle femora and
tibize thickened, the tibize and tarsi with a long fringe of
white hair behind : hind tibiz with a long w edge-shaped

564 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Desertptions and

patch of dense white tomentum on the apical part posteriorly ;
hind basitarsi with a fringe of white hair on both sides;
small joints of hind tarsi with some short red hair on inner
side. Abdomen rather narrow, smooth and shining, strongly
but not very densely punctured, without hair-bands, but
segments 4 and 5 have a subapical fringe of scattered pale
hairs, appearing more or less as bands in some lights;
venter, especially at sides, with long, shining, white hair;
apex broadly truncate, fringed with white hair, and tri-
dentate, with a slender median tooth, and a larger one at
each lateral corner ; on the ventral surface, in front of each
lateral apical tooth, is a large hook-like tooth. No distinct
pulvilli.

Hab. Guatemala (Juan Rodiguez).

Mr. Rodriguez kindly gave a specimen to my wife when
she visited him in Guatemala City. This is a most re-
markable species, and when I first saw it I took it for a
large Asilid fly of the Laphria type. I do not know any
species to which it is closely related, but the armatureof the
seventh abdominal segment is not unlike that of A. mani-
caium (L.). The sixth segment, however, is simple, without
lateral spines.

Colletes motaguensis, sp. 1.

? .—Length about 11 mm.

Black ; abdomen rather narrow ; hair of head and thorax
greyish white and black, with the faintest creamy tint on
face, but nowhere ochreous or fulvous ; head broad ; clypeus
shining, with very dense and strong punctures running into
strie, lower margin undulate in middle; labrum with a long,
almost linear, central pit, and a groove on each side of the
pit-bearing eminence; malar space rather short, but not
twice as broad as long ; sculpture of vertex fine and indis-
tinct, but the inner orbital raised line leaves the eye on the
vertex, and continues halfway toward the lateral ocellus ;
antennz short, the flagellum ferruginous beneath except at
base ; hair of face and cheeks pale, except a few dark hairs
at sides of face below level of antenne; vertex with a
moderate amount of long black hair; mesothorax strongly
and densely punctured, sparsely on posterior middle;
scutellum smooth anteriorly, but the greater part strongly
punctured ; pitted transverse band on metathorax very
narrow ; prothoracie spines sharp and distinct; hair of
mesothorax mixed black and greyish white, of scutelio-
mesothoracie suture all greyish white, forming a band, of
scutellum all black, but of. postscutellum nearly all greyish

Records of Bees. 565

white, of sides of metathorax black above and white below,
of greater part of pleura black, but on ventral surface of
thorax long, dense and white; tubercles fringed with white
hair ; tegule shining dark piceous. Wings moderately dusky
(greyish) throughout; stigma and nervures piceous ; second
s.m. very broad, receiving first r.u. about middle. Legs
normal, with largely black hair; hind femora with a large
pale scopa, full of cream-coloured pollen in the type
specimen. Abdomen smooth and shining, without distinct
punctures, the apical segments finely roughened ;_ hind
margins of segments with narrow white hair-bands, that on
first failing in middle; apical part of fourth and fifth seg-
ments especially, before the band, with coarse black hairs ;
sixth segment with fine greyish hair, and with black bristles
at sides.

Hab. Quirigua, Guatemala (W. P. Cockeretl).

Related to C. nautlanus, Ckll., but that has entirely black
antennz, well-punctured abdomen, &c. Also related to
C. senilis, Sm., but that has clear wings, hair of face pale
fulvous, &e.

Colletes antiguensis, sp. u.

?.—Similar to C. motaguensis, but conspicuously more
robust, and the shining, extremely minutely punctured
abdomen is wholly without hair-bands; other differences
are as follows: central pit of labrum broader; antennz
longer, flagellum black ; long hair of face with a good deal
of black intermixed, and a little black on lower part of
cheeks ; hair of thorax above more abundant, no pale band
along hind margin of mesothorax; hair of scutellum and
postscutellum both black ; metathorax with more black
hair; hair of pleura all black, except a little on lower part
posteriorly ; hair on thorax beneath not conspicuously pale ;
tegule punctured; hair of legs practically all black or
sooty, except that on inner side of front tarsi, which is pale
orange ; first abdominal segment with long black hair.

Hab. Antigua, Guatemala (W. P. Cockerell).

Differs from C. niger, Swenk, by the partly grey hair,
striate malar space, piceous spurs, &c. The anterior cox
are without spines. ‘lhe prothoracic spines are small, wholly
hidden by the long hair. The second joint of hind tarsi is
large and triangular.

Prosopis gualanica, sp. n.

3g .—Length about 7 mm.
Black, with lemon-yellow markings; marginal cell and

566 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell—Deser*ptions and

beyond strongly infuscated ; first r. n. meeting first t.-c. ;
scutellum and axille yellow; abdomen with continuous
white hair-bands, very narrow on first, broad and conspicuous
on second segment, hardly at all developed on the others,
which have narrow brownish tegumentary margins. Very
close to P. maculipennis, Smith, differing by the colour of
the tibiz, the thick anterior tibie black behind except at
base and extreme apex, middle tibize black with a yellow
basa] spot (larger on inner size), hind tibize with about the
basal two-fifths yellow. Alsorelated to P. mexicana, Cress.,
but separated by the dark apex of wings, the much longer
second submarginal cell, the dark middle tibix, and the
white hair-bands on abdomen. The shape of the face and
the face-markings agree with mexicana, but the mandibles are
dark, not yellow as in mevicana. The sides of the clypeus
are not so ‘distinctly margined with black as in maculipennis.
Among the South ‘American species it is close to P. paulis-
tana, Schrottky, but it differs especially in the basal area of
the meétathor ax, which has a median enclosure, with four or
five ridges, and on each side of this an enclosure with three
or four oblique ridges ; it also differs by the dark middle
tibize, and the middle of the first abdominal segment with
very large well-separated punctures (the second segment
also has. large punctures, but those of the third are very
minute). The apical {lower) part of the metathorax is
ferruginous.

Hab. Gualan, Guatemala, Feb. 18, 1912 (WW. P. Cockerell).

Prosopis quadratifera, sp. 0.

¢.—Length 4 mm.

Black, with lemon-yellow markings ;_ face narrow,
broadening above ; mandibles, labrum, clypeus, large
squarish supraclypeal mark, and lateral face-marks all
yellow; the lateral marks fill space between clypeus and
supraclypeal mark and eye, and go upwards as a narrow
band along orbits to end in a point a little above level of
middle of ‘Fionee ; scape short and thick, yellow with a dark
patch behind; flagellum long, submoniliform, dark coffee-
brown, paler beneath ; upper part of head and mesothorax
extremely closely and finely punctured; scutellum and
axille entirely dark ; a very slender line on prothorax and
greater part of ialieenice yellow ; pleura dull, finely —
sparsely punctured; area of metathorax feebly ridged a
base, its posterior margin very strongly defined, ‘W-like, the
median angle of the W “forming two sides of a square apical
area ; tegulee hght ferruginous. Wings clear hyaline,

‘

Records of Bees. 567

iridescent ; the recurrent nervures joining the transverso-
cubitals ; second s.m. higher than broad (long). Femora
black with the extreme apex ferruginous; anterior tibie
orange with a small dark bar on outer side; middle and
hind tibiz rather broadly light yellow at base and narrowly
ferruginous at apex; tarsi light ferruginous. Abdomen
black, not hairy, with a sericeous impunctate surface ; apex
of venter light ferruginous.

Hab. Gualan, Guatemala (WW. P. Cockerell, 9).

In my table in ‘ Entomologist,’ 1898, this runs straight to
P.modeste. In Lovell’s table in ‘ Psy che,’ 1910, it runs to
P. zizie. In Metz’s (1911) table it runs out at 10, because
the lateral face-marks extend far above antennal sockets and
are very narrow, and scape is all yellow in front. The face-
marks are not like any of Metz’s figures. In Schrottky’s
Brazilian table it runs to P. amazonica, Grib., but differs ‘by
the entirely black dorsal surface of abdomen, &c. The
species is best distinguished by the little square apical
enclosure on the metathorax.

Mesoplia azurea guatemalensis, subsp. n.

9 .—Tegument of head and thorax black, without any
bluish tint ; first three antennal joints bright chestnut-red
rest of flagellum black, dark reddish beneath; labrum
rugulose, nude, hairy only at lateral margins, the hair
creamy white; sides of face covered with silver-white hair,
not at all yellow; eyes dark purplish; posterior orbital
margins with a band of silver-white hair; tubercles and
tegule bright ferruginous; mesothorax little hairy, with
close fine punctures anteriorly, the posterior dise with
excessively minute punctures and scattered larger ones ;
anterior margin of mesothorax with hair which is pale in the
middle, seal-brown at sides ; scutellum strongly bigibbous.
Abdomen very brilliant blue, without hair-spots. Legs red,
middle tibial spur with two long branches, of which the
shorter and thicker is obscurely trifid at end and has two
little spines on inner side.

Hab. Gualan, Guatemala, Feb. 23, 1912 (WW. P. Cockerell,
40).

This seems to be a distinguishable race of M. azurea, Lep.,
described from the Island of Guadaloupe. It differs from
Mesoplia pilicrus (Melissa pilicrus, Friese) by the bigibhous
scutellum, unicolorous dorsal surface of abdomen, &e. ; from
Mesoplia imperialis (Melissa imperialis, Ashm.) by the pre-
vailingly white hair of head and thorax, red legs, &e. ; from
Mesoplia insignis {Melissa insignis, Sm.) by the white hair
covering sides of face, the absence of black hair on labrum,

568 Descriptions and lecords of Bees.

&e.; from Mesoplia regalis (Melissa regalis, Sm.) by the
lack of green on head and thorax, the red scape, &c.; from
Mesoplia decorata (Melissa decorata, 3m.) by the blue (not
green) abdomen, minuteness of the spines on thicker branch
of middle spur, pure white hair at sides of face, &c. The
venation agrees with that of M. decorata. I restore the
generic name Mesoplia, Lep. (type azurea), which seems to
have been set aside by Smith without any adequate reason.
The species are rather “critical,” owing to the fact that
they are not only closely allied, but it is difficult to secure
sufficient material for examination.

Centris inermis gualanensis, subsp. n.

? Length about 17 or 18 mm.

Only the hind legs with very much red; anterior tibiz in
front black with a yellow streak ; a small triangular supra-
clypeal mark; vertex with a broad band of brown-black
hair; labrum yellow with a dark apical spot ; hair of thorax
above very bright orange-fulvous, not tipped with fuscous ;
wings very dark; «a large blue-green patch on fourth
abdominal segment.

g .—Face-markings bright lemon-yellow; supraclypeal
mark large; scape yellow in front (with only a small pale
stripe in female); labrum entirely yellow ; all the femora
largely black ; second abdominal segment with a broadly
interrupted bright yellow band, widening laterally.

Hab. Gualan, Guatemala, Feb. 22-23, 1912 (W. P.
Cockerell, 40). The type is a female of thislot. A female
was also taken at Quirigua, Feb. 20, 1912, on a bank
(W. P. Cockerell). Superficially this looks like C. bimaculata
or C. proxima.

Posrscript.—Captain John Donnell Smith has very kindly
identified several of the plants, the flowers of which were
visited by the bees described above, as follows :—

Vernonia aschenborniana, Schauer. Visited by Aga-
postemon nasutus gualanicus.

Ipomea sidejolia, Choisy. Visited by Ceratina amabilis
rhodochrysea.

Tresine paniculata (L.), O. K. Visited by Prosopis
quadratifera.

Cordia alba, Roem. et Schult. Visited by Perdita
tropicalis.

Calopogonium ceruleum, Desy. Visited by Mesoplia
azurea guatemalensis and Centris inermis gualanensis.

On South- African Land- Mollusca. 569

LXIII.—A Review of South-African Lund-Mollusca belonging
to the Family Zonitide.—Part LI. By Lt.-Colonel H. H.
Gopwin-Austen, F.R.S. &e.

[Plates XII.-XVII.]

In the first part of this contribution, January 1912, p. 127,
under species of Kerkophorus: it has been pointed out to
me by Mr. H. C. Burnup that the locality assigned to
trunctus and poeppigi, “ Alexandra Junction, Maritzburg,”
is misleading. I was under the impression that the two places
were not far apart. What Mr. Burnup writes clears this up,
and I quote it in full :—

“* Poeppigi may certainly have been collected at both
Alexandra Junction and at Maritzburg, but it seems most
unlikely that ¢rwnctus should be found so far from the coast
asat Maritzburg. ‘The alternative reading, and in the case
of tnunctus the more likely (since you refer to one animal,
the type), is that Alexandra Junction is at or near Maritz-
burg. This is quite wrong and the difference in climate,
with its vegetation, is considerable, Alexandra Junction being
on the coast a little above sea-level, and Maritzburg inland
at an elevation of over 2000 feet, with hills around, which
would fall into the same locality, rising to 1500 feet further.
Maritzburg, in a direct line, is about 40 miles N.W. from
Durban, and Alexandra Junction is nearly as far 8. W. from
Durban. Since giving you the locality the name has been
changed from Alexandra Junction to Kelso Junction.”

Wir regard to coloration of the suture occurring in
specimens of P. hudsonie, mentioned in the first part of this
paper, p.129: Mr. Il. C. Burnup, writing since its publi-
cation, agrees with me it is not a sliell-character, and he
attributes to it another origin, which I think is a very likely
one and worth putting on record; he says :—“‘ My experience
teaches me that a similar feature, develops in other genera
besides Peltatinze through a fracture occurring in the liver
(perhaps a small fragment being left in the apex) while with-
drawing the animal from the shell. A blood-like fluid oozes
from the torn liver, and capillary attraction draws it into the
almost margined suture, where, unless the shell is carefully
syringed, it settles, showing through the transparent shell as
a rufous sutural band.” In illustration Mr. Burnup sends

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. ix. 38

570 Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen on

me two specimens of Huonyma lanceolata, Pfr., which show
this even far more distinctly than in the specimens of
P. hudsonie referred to by me.

Species of the Genus KERKOPHORUS.

The most striking feature in the animal of this genus is
the great elongation of the lobe above the mucous pore,
forming quite a tail-like extension of the extremity of the
foot. Major Connolly has given me a copy of his origmal
description made from the first example he saw alive of
Microkerkus symmetricus, Craven, which will be described
in the next portion of this paper. This field-note is of
considerable interest and I quote it 72 extenso:—

“Tail as long as fore part of body, indented for } inch
from the tip with a peculiar cleft or fissure, from the upper
end of which grows a small, black, fleshy horn, which can be
withdrawn or slightly protruded at will’’ (The italics are
mine.)

Now in this species the lobe or horn is far smaller than in
K. inunctus and the species described below, and yet it was
observed to be retractile; how much more apparent this
power of enlargement by the animal and its sensibility would
be in the latter species, where the horn has reached its
maximum development.

In the Indian genera of the Zonitide, such as Artophanta,
Macrochlamys, Austenia, Girasia, &c., the lobe, although
showing considerable diversity in shape and dimensions,
would not be described as decidedly retractile ; its size and
form is more dependent on atmospheric conditions.

This leads me to refer to a paper which was published in
the § Proceedings of the Malacological Society,’ vol. i. pt. 6,
July 1895,0n Martensia mozambicensis, Pir. The species
had been recently collected by Dr. J. W. Gregory when on
his interesting expedition in Eastern Africa during 1893.
I was indebted to Mr. Edgar R. Smith for the two speci-
mens I dissected and described.

This African land-shell has also a peculiarly long horn
above the mucous pore, vide J. c. pl. xix. figs. 1 & la,
drawn from a spirit-specimen and therefore very much
contracted to what it must be in the living state ; muscular
rings on the horn point to its extensibility. The shell of
Martensia mozambicensis, Pfr., differs in every way from the
globose, few-whorled, and comparatively thin shells of
Peltatus and allied genera, being solid or more helicoid in
form. Several species are recorded by Prof. E. von Martens
in the Monatsh. der kénig. preus, Akad. Wiss. Berlin,

South-African Land- Mollusca. 571

April 1878 ; one species radiolata, v, Mart,, a very globose
banded shell, he made the type of his genus Zingis. _ I gave
reasons (/, c. p, 283) why these would be better included in
Semper’s genus Martensia, type mozambicensis, which had
priority by many years,

When we look at the portion of the generative organs
(Ze. pl. xix. fig. 1 6) and compare them with those of Peltatus
and allied genera, there is a peculiarly close resemblance in
type—particularly observable in the form of the spermatheca,
an expanded thin-walled sac on the end of a long stalk-like
tube ; the penis only differing in the absence of a caecum near
the retractor muscle ; the grooving on the side of the foot;
the division of the sole; while the radula is of precisely
the same type. I may even goa step further, and on these
grounds, to say nothing of contiguity of habitat—in spite of
difference in shell-character and that the formation of shell-
lobes has not commenced,—suggest that the genus Martensig
can be better placed in the subfamily Peltatine than in any
other.

Kerkophorus tnunetus, M, & P.
(Pl. III.* figs. 1, 1a, animal ; Pl. XII. tigs. 2-2 e,)

Locality. Alexandra Junction (No. 3278) f.

Shell not umbilicate, very globose; sculpture very micro-
scopic longitudinal striation, papillate and somewhat irre-
gular ; colour pale vinous ochre, with a very narrow indis-
tinct peripheral band pale chestnut in colour ; spire low, apex
rounded ; suture well defined; whorls 4, increasing regularly
and rapidly ; aperture widely ovate, oblique; peristome thin,
rounded above and sinuate on side ; columellar region vertical,
rounded below, weak, slightly reflected near the umbilicus.

Size: major diameter 17°5, minor 14°5; alt. axis 4°75 mm.

Animal about 40 mm. long in spirit, pale-coloured, with
no special markings, the scattered spotting on the visceral sac
shows through the shell, Foot divided below; peripodial.
margin narrow, with the usual two grooves above, from which
well-marked widely separated furrows extend obliquely
upwards. ;

The hinder part of the foot above is rounded, not keeled ;
the lobe above the linear mucous pore is large and rises
considerably, ending in a long overhanging sharp point,

* Plates IL-VII. were given with Part I. of this paper (‘ Annals,’

Jan, 1912), : }
+ The numbers refer to specimens received from those who have

assisted me in this work ; they may prove useful for future reference to
the spirit-specimens and mounted objects. 2
3)

572 Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen on
The right shell-lobe (Pl. III. fig. 1) is large and broad, the

left (fig. 1@) quadrate ; the two, when extended in life, must
cover the greater portion of the shell. The dorsal lobes are
well developed, and the left one is in two parts, the posterior
portion being small. The visceral sac is the same colour
throughout, sparsely mottled with small black spots, over
the kidney there are anumber close together forming a dark
band, seen through the shell.

The generative organs (PI. XII. figs. 2, 2a) are similar
to those of phedimus, M. & P., with this exception, the
vestibule is large, globose, solid, having thick walls,
externally with a rough warty surface, very conspicuous as
shown in fig. 2; when this is cut through and opened out
as in fig. 2a, on the walls of the internal surface some four
strong, muscular, pillar-like folds are seen, not observed in
any other South African species I have as yet examined.
The free oviduct (ovitheca ?) is intensely black, in strong
contrast to the rest of the generative organs. ‘The penis has
an accessory gland near the retractor muscle ; the epiphallus
is very short, as in No. 3379 phedimus (Pl. V. fig. 3) and
poeppigi ?, and the flagellum very long. The spermatheca is
a large pear-shaped sac on a long solid duct. The formula
of the radula (Pl. XII. figs. 2 c-e) is

60 As. lk. 15 wt 2 G0, Oriente ie

The centre and admedian teeth are on large plates, the
latter with a cusp on the outside. The 16th tooth is transi-
tional with no cusp. The succeeding marginals are curved
and aculeate up to about the 65th tooth, when a slight notch
appears low down below the point on the outer side, rising
hizher and higher and at the same time la-ger; the outermost
marginals (fig. 2) are unevenly bicuspid. The aculeate
form of the teeth (fig. 2d) in this species separates it well
from its congeners. ‘The jaw (fig. 2 5) is moderately curved,
with a central projection on the cutting-edge.

Another species was received as Helicarion phedimus,
Melv. & Pons.; the specimens were beautifully preserved.
Mr. H. C. Burnup writes from Maritzburg, Natal, 21st March,
1908 :—

“here is no doubt about this species being J/elicarion
phedimus, M.& P.; we are quite familiar with the form, but
as there are so many of the old species unknown, there is
always the possibility of the newer species having been
described before. Besides I do not know if it has been
satisfactorily ascertained that any of our so-called Helicarions
really belong to that genus.”

The species which have given me most trouble when

South-African Land-Mollusca. 573

working at this group of molluscs are corneus, Pfr., poeppiyt,
Pir., natalensis, Krs., inunctus, M. & P., and phedimus,
M. & P., three of the oldest and two of the latest described ;
and, as Burnup very accurately writes, “the difficulty of
recognizing the earlier described species is a terrible barrier
to completion.”

I asked him what is corneus? to which he replies :—

** It seems reasonable to Suppose that, however many rare
shells they may have found, the early discoverers would find
most of the commonest ones. Phaedimus, M. & P., is very
plentiful at Port Natal, 7. e. Durban, as elsewhere in the
province of Natal. Can you realize the possibility of corneus
being phadimus? According to Pfeiffer’s dimensions, corneus
is relatively one of the lowest shells of the group, phedimus
is one of the lowest of those known to me. That the typical
phedimus from tle mid lands is smaller than what I take to
be the same species from the coast need not be considered,
there are so many instances of the coast shells being larger
than those from the mid and high lands. That phedimus
from the mid Jands almost invariably has a supraperipheral
band, while the same (?) species trom the coast only sometimes
has, must be an insignificant point.” To confirm this
Mr. Burnup sends me four specimens of phedimus from
Maritzburg, all banded; three unbanded with one banded
from Durban: they present no difference save in size. The
shell of the animal dissected and described by me, supplied
by Ponsonby from Maritzburg, agrees exactly.

Kerkophorus phedimus, M.& P. (Pl. V. fig. 3 ;
Pl. XIII. figs. 1-10.)

Maritzburg.

Animal (figs. 1, 2) very pale in colour, with a long, narrow,
keeled foot indistinctly divided, and having a very long arched
lobe (fig. 3) above the mucous pore. A broad, large, pointed
right shell-lobe (sl) and a broad left shell-lobe (ds?) ; they
unite behind at the keel of the foot, and in life must cover
the greater part of the shell. Right dorsal lobe (7dl) small ;
the Jeft entire, covering the neck. Peripodial grooves very
indistinct, showing better on the anterior margin. On the
visceral sac (fig. 5, vs) near the rectum (7) and heart (A) are
white mottlings, which extend and increase to a band ef that
colour towards the apical whorls, the rest of which is black,

Generative organs (Pl. V. fig. 3).—The penis has a
long, tapering, rather twisted flagellum, the vas deferens
joining near the base. The epiphallus is short. Adja-
cent to the attachment of the retractor muscle there is a

574 Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen on

fairly large free accessory gland (ac.gld). The spermatheca
(Pl. XIII. figs. 7-9, sp) is an elongate thin sac at the distal
end of a thick strong tube. The free oviduct just above the
base of the spermatheca is a very dark pigmented globose
sac (ot) (ovitheca?), with strong smooth walls into which the
oviduct leads. ‘The shaft of the penis is bent in S-form, so
that if it were extended it would be of considerable length.

Radula: central tooth tricuspid, admedians with cusp on
outer side, as figured in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., Feb. 1908,
pl. vii. fig. 1d; laterals are long, beautifully curved and
bicuspid; the last of the marginal teeth show pectination on
the outer side. Formula is

100: Bi. 12 dele 3 100, or ao eee

Jaw (fig. 6) mo lerately concave on the cutting-edge, with
a sinall central projection.

he branchial cavity is not extensive; the pericardium and
adjacent renal organ occupy a subcircular area next it, the
kidney being short.

The spermatheca (fig. 9) contained a perfect spermatophore,
a beautiful object. It consisted of an elongate capsule, com-
mencing with a mass dark and pointed at one end, terminating
in a long gradually narrowing ribbon, having spines set on
its edge on one side only. The spines generally branching
into three, with bifid points. The ribbon becomes very
attenuate at the end and for some distance is spineless,

In the same individual was a spermatophore developing
in the flagellum (fig. 10) and portion of the male organ near
the junction of the vas deferens. The attenuated portion
corresponds to the extreme free end of the flagellum, and the
spines are seen in process of forming. The black portion in
fig. 10 (Pl. XIII.) represents a hardened mass of spermatozoa.

The spermatophore of Peltatus previously described
(Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., Feb. 1908, p. 132) was immature in
process of formation ; tlie fig. 1 6, pl. vili., may be compared
with fig. 10, Pl. XIII, of B. phedimus in a similar stage.

It was interesting thus to find many characters similar to
those of Peltatus alotcola, M. & P.: the principal differences
lying in, (a) the expansion of the shell-lobes into large
lappets, (b) the great development of the lobe over the mucous
gland. In (a) we are presented with the similar develop-
ment of the animal as regards the mantle as shown in the
genus Huaustenia of India, separating it from Macrochlamys,
with elongate narrow shell-lobe.

qr
=~]
or

South-African Land-Mollusca.

Kerkophorus vitalis, M. & P. (PI. III. fig. 3 ;
Pl. XIV. figs. l-le; Pl. XV. fig. 2.)
Helicarion vitalis, M. & P., Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. 1.
February 1908, p. 133, pl. vii. fig. 4 (shell).
Original description :—

“ H. testa pertenui, vitrea, vivide ochracea, rimata, globoso-conica ;
anfractibus 4}, apice ipso obtuso, ceteris ad suturas impressis,
ultimo rapide accrescente ; apertura rotundo-lineari ; peristomate
papyraceo, tenuissimo, apud regionem umbilicarem paullum in-
crassato et reflexo.

“ Alt. 12, diam. 15 mill.

* Hab. Port Shepstone, Natal (Burnup).

**A very beautiful globose, transparent shell, tinted with
pale ochre, which seems distinct from all the species hitherto
enumerated from this region.”

The animal is very pale in colour as preserved in spirit,
which in some cases seems to bleach the things put in it.

The posterior part of the foot very lengthened, the lobe
over the mucous gland (PI. LII. fig. 3) very long and
pointed. The right shell-lobe broad and very long; the left
triangular and pointed, large, on a broad base. The left
dorsal lobe in two parts, the posterior one very small. The
visceral sac near the mantle-margin and over the branchial
cavity is quite plain ; adjacent to the kidney and heart there
are a few white spots. With the liver close white mottling
commences, and towards the apex that portion covered
externally by the shell is all white.

The generative organs (Pl. XIV. figs. 1, 1a) compare
well with those of Kerkophorus phedimus, M. & P., even to
the closely coiled state of the penis (vide fig. 7, P]. XIII.).
The spermatophore (Pl. XV. fig. 2) was secured in a most
perfect state, and is of the same type as in that species,
differing in small points of detail. It has 27 branching
spines on one side and two on the other next the capsule.
On Pl. XIV. fig. 14 the form of the branches terminating in
bifid points is shown.

The radula (Pl. XIV. figs. 1d, 1 e) has more teeth in the
row than any other species of these African genera yet
examined by me, having a formula

ee to wt IZ. PY. 126, or 139.1139.
It is also remarkable by the admedian teeth being finely
serrated on the margin, beginning with the thirteenth tooth,
and this character continues to the margin.

576 Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen on

The jaw (Pl. XIV. fig. 1c) of the specimen examined

shows little sign of the central projection, and is only slightly
concave on the cutting-edge.

Kerkophorus melvilli, sp.n. (PI. VIL. figs. 1-1 d;
Pl. ANY, fig.'2.)

Locality. Equeefa, Natal (No. 14, H. C. Burnup).

Shell globosely conoid, scarcely perforate ; sculpture
nearly smooth, very fine, microscopic raised dots, in places
showing a longitudinal arrangement ; colour bright oliva-
ceous ochre with a green tinge ; spire subconoid ; suture
impressed ; whorls 4, the last rapidly increasing ; aperture
ovately lunate; peristome thin, sinuate; columellar margin
very weak, thin, and convex.

Size : major diameter 17°5, minor 15:0; alt. axis 8-0 mm,

‘The animals were well preserved, two in number; the
largest was taken for examination. There is a large right
shell-lobe, broad and leaf-like ; the left shell-lobe also large
and expanding, similar to those of phedimus and tnunctus.

The animal has no markings. ‘The foot is divided and it
has a conspicuous long-pointed lobe above the large mucous
gland. ‘The ground-colour of the visceral sac is pale greenish
grey, much speckled finely and evenly with small black and
white spots (pepper and salt would best describe it) over the
branchial cavity, kidney, and heart. The black spots become
more numerous near the kidney, and coalescing form a con-
spicuous band ; beyond this and towards the part filling the
apex of the shell the white spots increase in size, somewhat

uadrate in form, and then a narrow, foliated, irregular

edged band. The character of the coloration is similar to
that of Kerkophorus inunctus ; in that species the apex is pale-
coloured, with no white markings, The respective shells
settle and separate the species: znunctus has a much lower
spire and is finely banded.

In the generative organs the penis is closely coiled, as
shown in P], XIII. figs. 7&8. ‘Lhe flagellum is very long
and tapering ; the accessory gland is long and bag-shaped, and
the strong retractor muscle is given off close to the base of
it. The spermatheca is very “capacious, elongately pear-
shaped at the head of a long duct; the walls of this were not,
as is usual in other species T have examined, thick and solid,
but were so thin and transparent that particles within it could
be seen floating about. In the pear-shaped sac only a small
portion of a spermatophore (Pl. VII. fig. 1) was found, not

South-African Land- Mollusca. 577

sufficiently well-preserved to show the form of the spines,
a detail which is so important in these African genera.

The radula (PI. VII. figs. La-le) is interesting for its
similarity to that of A. ¢nunctus in having quite a number of
aculeate laterals ; these pass towards the margin, and at about
the thirty-fifth tooth from the edge into the bicuspid form,
with the inner point the longest. ‘The arrangement is about
See. Foto. 3.80 = 96.1. 96.

The jaw has a central projection.

Of No. 14 Burnup says: ‘ possibly the same species as
No. 11.”

Of No. 11: ‘ These, I should think, will belong to the same
as the largest of No. 10 and No. 14.”

Kerkophorus leucospira, Pfr. (Pl. XVI. figs. 1-1 6, animal ;
; Pl. XVIL. tigs. 1-4.)

Locality. Tongaat (H. C. Burnup) ; twenty specimens.

Shell thin, imperforate, globose ; sculpture smooth and
glossy to the eye, under high power microscopic, regular,
fine longitudinal striation; colour pale sap-green when
animal is removed; spire low, apex flatly conoid; suture
shallow; whorls 4, regularly but rapidly increasing to the
last, which is tumid and well rounded on the periphery ;
aperture semioval, higher than the breadth ; peristome very
thin; columellar margin weakly concavely rounded.

Size: major diam. 11°75; alt. axis 6 mm.

Animal (PI. XVI. figs. 1-1 b).—Before this is removed
from the shell the contrast of the black and white on the
visceral sac is very striking and characteristic of this species,
for it shows through the thin shell (fig. 1), and it appears
black beneath, with a very narrow edging of same colour
next the suture of the second and third whorls, the first two
apical whorls being wholly white.

The foot is divided on the sole and has a long overhanging
lobe above the mucous pore. ‘There is a peripodial margin,
with two grooves above. ‘The right shell-lobe (Pl. XVI.
figs. 1 & 1 a) is narrow, elongate, and tongue-shaped ; it is
given off from the side of the right dorsal lobe just below
the rectum, and in life is evidently extensible for a consider-
able distance over the upper surface of the shell, as in many
species of Mucrochlamys. (In the specimen figured (fig. 1 a)
the lobe terminates in two points, quite an abnormal case,
and one, after examining hundreds of specimens, I have never
seen before.) There is a long, narrow, finely pointed left

shell-lobe (PI. XVI. fig. 14), also extensible, given off from

578 Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen on

the edge of the mantle, on the left anterior side. The left
dorsal lobe is in two distinctly separate portions, the interval
being just to the right of and below the left shell-lobe.

The walls of the branchial cavity are sparsely spotted with
pure white, similar to the band of the same colour which,
commencing at the rectum, is continuous in a posterior direc-
tion, widening considerably over the heart and kidney, and
occupies quite half of the circumference of the coil of the
visceral sac.

The radula (Pl. XVII. figs. 3, 3a) has the formula
67504 Udy 929.808, OF (9.0. . 12, The seen traleage
admedian teeth have a basal cusp on the outer side, rather
distant from the mesocone; the laterals are evenly bicuspid,
gradually becoming so from the tenth transition admedian
tooth. ‘The marginals are distinctly serrated below the outer
cusp (fig. 3a, 65-79). In this character if agrees with
Peltatus hudsonic, but it is far more defined. In the form of
the basal plates, as well as in the form of the teeth, this
radula does not recall those we know in the genera of Indian
Zonitidee.

The jaw (Pl. XVII. fig. 4) is well arched, with a central
projection on a deep concave cutting-edge.

In the generative organs (Pl. XVII. figs. 1, 1a) the penis
has an accessory gland, globose and sessile, situated on the
epiphallus about one-third its length from the retractor
muscle. ‘he flagellum is short. The spermatheca (sp) is a
globose sac at the end of a strong, thick, and long duct. It
contained a very perfect spermatophore (Pl. XVII. fig. 1),
protruding in part, having ruptured the wall of the sac. In
fig. 2 this is much enlarged, to show its remarkable detail and
the beautiful form of the spiny setting. There are some
thirty-five tufts following one side of the flume, made up of
elongate branches, each side branch bifid at the extreme point ;
where perfect they are arranged in pairs like the antlers of a
stag. ‘The form the spines assume varies in an interesting
way in different species of the genus. ‘The capsule is very
long, and this may be termed the anterior part of this organ,
the flume the posterior. About the middle (see right-hand
side of fig. 2) it may be seen that it is joined by a much
thinner tube (see Pl. XVII. fig. 25, w). ‘This is of very con-
siderable length, and when a spermatophore is removed from
the sac it is resting in, the whip-like end is found extending
down the duct and has to be drawn out of it.

South-African Land- Mollusca, 579

Species of the Genus MICROKERKUS.

Microkerkus symmetricus, Craven. (PI. I. figs. 2, 2a,
animal; Pl. ILI. fig. 4.)

Locality. Pretoria (No. 4).

Shell globosely conoid, thin, rimate ; sculpture very in-
distinct longitudinal streaking, with well-seen lines of trans-
verse growth; colour ochraceous, with a yellow tint; spire
conic, apex blunt; suture shallow; whorls 4, somewhat
rapidly increasing, and tumid, the last ronnded on the peri-
phery ; aperture widely lunate ; peristome very thin; colu-
mellar margin not thickened, subvertical, a slight reflection
near the umbilical region.

Size: major diam. 14°6, minor diam, 12°4; alt. axis 775mm.

Ponsonby and Connolly both agree that this species, No. 4,
and that provisionally named concinnus from Boksburg, near
Johannesburg, are the same.

In No. 4 tube I found two species, with locality Pretoria ;
in two of the specimens the animal was not removed from
the shell, and the largest I dissected.

The remaining three specimens must be Zingis natalensis,
as given in the list of specimens sent me by Mr. Burnup; but
what the shell is like it is impossible to say, or to which of
the two species his following notes apply :—

“This has been identified as Zingis natalensis, Pfr., but
local collectors doubt the accuracy of the determination, and
I think Mr. Ponsonby now shares the doubt. As the true
Zingis natalensis, Pir., is a common shell at Port Elizabeth,
its anatomy is probably known, but in any case one of
Mr. Ponsonby’s correspondents is likely soon to supply you
with examples.”

Animal.—Lobe over the mucous pore (PI. III. fig. 4) at
the extremity of the foot only moderately long, the right
shell-lobe (Pl. I. fig. 2) long and very narrow, the left shell-
lobe (fig. 2a) triangular, small. ‘he left dorsal in two
parts, the posterior the largest. The visceral sac on tie
anterior part pale-coloured, with short narrow white streaks
extending as far as the kidney; distant rather large spotting
follows and continues to the apex. Liver a pale grey-brown.

The generative organs (Plate in next part), although gene-
rally like the other species of this South-African subfamily,
differ in detail: the accessory organ is very close to the
retractor muscle, the flagellum is shorter, and at the head of
the shaft of the penis there is a sharp bend concealed some-
what by muscular tissue. The spermatheca contained a

580 Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen on

spermatophore, perfectly formed. The spines are all on one
side, closely set, branching, and elongate and tapering, of
the type of deucospira; the flume branches into two, one
branch being whip-like.

‘The radula: central and admedian teeti: as in the subfamily,
the outermost marginals with twe or three serrations below
the outer upper cusp.

Formula: 43°..3.. ei i: 3. 40, 6F oe 2 eo

Jaw much arched, with a central projection.

Microkerkus pondoensis, sp.n. (PI. IV. figs. 2,24;
Pl. XIV. figs. 3, 3a, animal.)

Locality. Pondoland (No. 47).

Shell unfortunately much injured when extracting the
animal; sculpture quite regular longitudinal striation; colour
yellow ochraceous, the first two whorls white as in leucospira ;
spire flatly conoid, apex bluntly rounded ; suture impressed ;
whorls 4; aperture broken ; peristome broken; columellar
margin broken.

Size: major diam, 12°25, minor ?; alt. axis ? mm.

‘The animal differs from all the species of this group I have
as yet Seen by having no markings of any sort on the visceral
sac, which is milky white throughout. The lobe over the
mucous pore smaller than in other species; but the specimen
examined is very much contracted in the spirit, so conclusions
of this kind are not of great value, and it is to be hoped
collectors in the future will make descriptions from the
animals when taken alive.

‘The peripodial margin is broad and closely fringed, as it
were.

Foot divided. Right shell-lobe and left shell-lobe small.

The generative organs (Pl. IV. fig. 2) only differ from
those of allied species in small particulars. The shaft of the
penis is long, the epiphallus very long and much convoluted
near the accessory gland, which appears caught up in the
coil. The flagellum has a longish cecum attached to it (7’).
This is a variation in this particular part noticed also in
K. burnupi, sp. n., No. 15 (Pl. IL.), connected with a
corresponding variation in the torm of the attenuate end of
the spermatophore. This bifurcation also occurs in Kerko-
phorus leucospira (vide Pi, XVII. tig. La).

« Sent to the Cape ‘Town Museum by Miss Pegler from
Kentani, near Pondoland. We have begged her to send
more either live or properly drowned. ‘The shell appears to
be ? Helicarion leucospira, Pir., or pellicula, Fér.; but leuco-

T

South-African Land- Mollusca. E

81

2

spira is only distinguished by its white spire, which cannot
be seen while the animal is inside the present examples. No
one out here knows what pedlicula is; it may be the young of
two or three spp., such as natalensis, Krs., phedimus, M.& P.,
vitalis, M. & P., &e., or may be =leucospira.”” (JL, Connolly.)

I have very recently had an opportunity of carefully
examining with Major M. Connolly No. 15, sp. n.? (vide
p- 128, part 1), from Maritzburg, which I had named pro-
visionally burnup?. No. 15 agrees best with specimens in
the Natural History Museum named pellicu/a, Fér. There
are, however, in the same box two distinct species, one repre-
sented by two examples from Natal, the other by one shell
from Delagoa Bay. K. burnupi comes nearest to the Natal
specimens. On looking at Férrusac’s figures of pellicula
(Desh., Hist. Nat. Moll. pl. ix. a, 1851), they represent a
form with a high spire, higher than in K. burnup?, the
description of which must now come in the third part.

Microkerkus chrysoprasinus, M. & P.

Locality. Thaba N’chu, O.R.C. (Major M. Connolly) ; three
specimens in spirit (No. 72).

Shell very minutely perforate, globosely conoid ; sculpture
smooth; colour rich ochre, paler at apex, second species
streaked transversely with pale narrow bands; spire conic,
moderately high, apex blunt; suture impressed ; whorls 4,
first three increasing regularly, the last much expanded ;
aperture broadly lunate and broad as high, oblique ; peristome
thin, slightly sinuated; columellar margin weak, thin, and
joining the thin callus on the side.

Size: major diam. 11:6, minor 10°0; alt. axis 6-8 mm.

Animal.—The visceral sac is wholly white, towards the
apex becoming ochraceous ; there is a thin dark streak, with
some white spots parallel to and near the mantle-zone and
some white spotting near the region of the heart, with a faint
narrow grey band near the kidney, The head and extremity
of the foot greyish in one specimen, in the other two all of
the same pale ochraceous tint. One of the largest specimens
dissected and drawn has a fairly long narrow right shell-lobe
and a small, triangular, pointed left shell-lobe. The mucous
gland at extremity of foot is covered with a small pointed
lobe.

The generative organs are very similar to those of sym-
metricus in having asmall accessory gland globose and sessile,

582 Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen on

a long epiphallus, and a very long and tapering flagellum.
The sheath of the penis is bent into S-form. Spermatheca
a globose sac on a long stalk; it contained only the capsule
of a spermatophore, all trace of the rest had disappeared.

The radula was very perfect. It is very characteristic,
not exactly like any other I have seen. The central and
admedian teeth rather more elongate than usual, the latter
with a single basal cusp on the outer side; the eleventh
tooth rises higher and the plate is much narrower at the
fifteenth ; the teeth are long, narrow, and nearly evenly
bicuspid, becoming very small and still narrower on the
margin.

Formula :.56...10.. 1:, 10.+,56,,,or 66 . 1 . 66,

Jaw with a central projection.

Will be figured in the next part.

ANDRARION, gen, nov,

Shell small, flattened, of few whorls, the apical close-wound
and rapidly increasing,

Animal (extremity of foot not seen) has a broad, short,
right shell-lobe and a small triangular left shell-lobe. Gene-
rative organs not yet seen. Radula with inner marginal
teeth bicuspid, with a serrated outer edge, the outer tricuspid.

Andrarion pumilio, M. & P.
(Pl. XVI, figs. 3-3 6.)

Helicarion pumilio, Melv. & Pons. Ann. & Mag, Nat. Hist. ser. 8,
vol. iv., Dec. 1909, p. 490, pl. viii. fig. 11,

Original description :—

“ H. testa parva, planulata, succineata, tenui, breviter obscure
perforata; anfractibus 3, quorum apicalis submamillatus, nitidus,
suturis impressis, ultimo anfractu effuso; apertura late lunari ;
peristomate tenuissimo, marginem super columellarem obscuris-

sime reflexo.
« Alt. 4, diam, 7 mm.

“Hab. Zoutpansberg, Transvaal.

“ At once distinguished from all South-African congeners
yet known to us by its small size. ‘The anatomical details of
this species, as well as russofulgens, are at present unknown,
but the shells of both seem distinct enough to warrant
description.”

Two specimens were received through Mr. Ponsonby ; they
are not so large as the type shell in the Natural History
Museum, The animal was not in a good state, so very little

South-African Land-Mollusca. 583

of the internal anatomy could be made out. There isa broad,
short right shell-lobe (PI. XVI. fig. 3) and a triangular,
small left shell-lobe, and a black narrow band bordered the
mantle-edge.

The radula (PJ. XVI. fig. 3) was secured. The central
admedian teeth are of usual form; the first marginals are
nearly evenly bicuspid, becoming tricuspid about the thirtieth
tooth, and several have even four cusps and show a serrated
edge.

ihe formula is4).2.9.1.9.2.45, or 56.1. 56.

Jaw with a central projection (PI, XVI. fig. 3a).

Major Connolly suggested to me that these small shells
were the young of M. symmetricus, Craven, but the serrate
teeth described above are not found in that species. So far
as known, A. pumilio differs from all the species I have as
yet seen from South Africa.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.
PuaTE XII.
Kerkophorus poeppigi, Mke.? Pine Town, near Durban. (No. 3379.)
Fig. 1. Portion of the generative organs. x 4:5,

Fig. 1a. The spermatophore complete. x 12.
Fig. 16. Whip-like end of the spermatophore. x 24.

Kerkophorus inunctus, M. & P. (1899), Alexandra Junction,
(No. 3278. )

Fig. 2. The generative organs, x 4:5,
Fig. 2a, The vestibule of same opened out. x 4:5.
Fig. 26. Thejaw. x 12.
Fig. 2 c. The central teeth of the radula. x 368.
Fig. 2d. Lateral teeth at different parts of the row. x 368,
ig. 2 e. The outermost laterals.
Puate XIII.
Kerkophorus phedimus, M. & P.
Fig. 1. Animal, viewed from the right upper side.
Fig. 2. Ditto, from the right side.
Fig. 3. Extremity of the foot, with long overhanging lobe (enlarged).
Fig. 4. Right side, to show the dorsal lobes; the large right shell-lobe
has been destroyed (vide fig. 2).
Fig. 5. Animal removed from the shell, showing the rectum, branchial
sac, heart, &c.
Fig. 6. Jaw. xX 24.
Fig. 7. Generative organs. xX 4:5.
Fig. 8. Penis partly unrolled. x 45.
Fig. 9. Spermatheca sac, with spermatophore inside. x 12,
Fig. 10. The flagellum, with portion of a spermatophore in course of

formation. x 12.

O84

Fug.
Fig.
Tig.
Fig.

Ug.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fg.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig.
Fig.

Fg.

Fig.
Fxg.
Fxg.

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fug.
Fig.
Tig.

3a.

=7—!
RQ

to

On South-African Land-Moliusea,

PuaTE XIV.
Kerkophorus vitalis, M. & P. Port Shepstone, Natal.

. The male organ. x 4°5.
. The spermatheca and free oviduct, &e. x 4:5.
. A short portion of a spermatophore, showing type of spines on

side of the flume. » 58.

. The jaw. x 12.
. Thirty-eighth, thirty-ninth, and fortieth teeth of the radula.

x 368.

. Tenth to sixteenth, showing the transition-teeth.

Kerkophorus melvilli, sp. n.

. The generative organs. X 4:5.

Microkerkus pondoensis, sp. n.

. Animal with the shell removed, viewed from the right side.

x 4:5.
Ditto, ditto, left side, to show minute left shell-lobe. x 4:5.
The position of the heart and kidney also shown.
PLaTE XV.

Kerkophorus ampliata, M. & P. (No. 7.)

. Animal with shell removed, seen from the right side. x 5-4.
. Ditto, part of, left side, to show shell and dorsal lobes. x 34.
. Ditto, seen from above, showing position of generative organs.

x 45.

. Generative organs removed. xX 4°5.
. A spermatophore, complete. x 18.

Kerkophorus vitalis, M. & P. Port Elizabeth.

. A spermatophore, entire. X 18,

PuaTE XVI.
Kerkophorus leucospira, Pfr.

. Animal, viewed from right side. x 15.
. Ditto, ditto. x 4.5.
. Ditto, left side. x 4:5.

Kerkophorus fusicolor, M. & P. Harrismith.

. Animal, mantle-margin, right side. x 4°5.
. Ditto, ditto, left side, with branchial sac and kidney. x 4:5.
. Extremity of the foot. x 8.

Andrarion pumilio, M. & P.

. The mantle-margin detached from body of animal. x 4-5.
Jaws X 24.
. Marginal teeth of the radula, very much enlarged.

A Revision of the Asilidee of Australasia, 585

Prate XVII.
Kerkophorus leucospira, Pfr. ‘Tongaat.

Fig. 1. Part of the generative organs, x 4°56, showing the spermatheca
with a spermatophore within it, the hermaphrodite duct (id),
albumen-gland (a/g), oviduct (ov), &e.

Fig. 1a. The male organ detached. x 45. jl, flagellum ; 71’, accessory
portion of flagellum.

Fiy, 2. Spermatheca and its duct much enlarged, to show the spermato-
phore within it more clearly ; the latter is seen protruding,
the wall of the sac having been ruptured.

Fig. 2a. Terminal end of the fiume (vide left-hand side of fig. 2, where
it is represented terminating abruptly and was indistinctly
seen),

Fig. 2b. Portion of flume at about the middle of its length, to show the
form of the spines (also vide right-hand side of fig. 2, where a,
very long whip-like part (w) is given off and is the last part to
enter the spermatheca). mis the membranaceous wall of the
sac in section.

Fig. 3. Teeth of the radula at different parts of the row. x 368.

Fig. 3a. Outermost marginals, 65-79.

Fig. 4. Jaw. x 12.

LXIV.—A Revision of the Asilidee of Australasia,
By Gerrrupe Ricarpo,

(Continued from p. 488, ]

Brachyrrhopola nitidus, Macq,

Type seen in Paris, apparently a male, from Tasmania, is
no doubt a species of this genus, though not recognized ag
such by Macquart.

A species with reddish abdomen aud legs and the wings
clear, slightly tinged dull yellowish on the fore border, with
black veins.

Face with bright yellow tomentum, no tubercle; moustache
pale yellow. Palpired. Antenne reddish, the third joint with
indistinct terminal spine. Zhorax red with black markings,
Abdomen slender, narrower at base; the first segment black,
the second partly black, the others with very narrow darker
segmentations. Legs red, fore tibiz with the curved spine,
the femora not incrassate. Wings with the fourth posterior
cell a little narrower at border, anal cell not quite closed.

The following is the original description ;—

Slender, shining, testaceous. Thorax with brown stripes,
Abdomen with black side stripes on the anterior segments,

Ann, & Mag. N. Hist, Ser. 8. Vol. ix. 39

586 Miss G. Ricardo—A Levision of

Moustache yellow. Antenne and legs testaceous. Wings
reddish,

Length 7 lines, ¢ ¢. Palpi testaceous with yellow hairs.
Beard yellowish. Face with golden tomentum ; moustache
plain, yellow. Forehead black, with slight yellowish tomen-
tum. Thorax testaceous, with blackish bands. Abdomen
slender, testaceous, the first two segments with a longi-
tudinal black stripe on the scales. Anterior legs with a
spine.

Wings: neuration normal; the first transverse vein
situated beyond the middle of discal cell.

From Tasmania.

Brachyrrhopola ruficornis, Macq.

Type of the genus. From Tasmania.

Mr. Froggatt records it from Mackay, Queensland.

Macquart describes it as follows :—

Black, shining. Scutellum testaceous. Abdomen with
yellow bands. Antenne and legs red. Wings with the
anterior half brown. Length 3 lines, ? ?

Face with white tomentum; a stripe and a small pro-
tuberance black; moustache white. Forehead black. An-
tenne: a little brown at the apex. Thorax with scanty
yellow tomentum and indistinct stripes; sides with a white
spot below base of wings, prolonged to and including the
intermediate coxe. Abdomen with scanty yeliow tomentum.
Coxee black, the anterior half of the posterior femora and
base of intermediate pair black; anterior tarsi black.
Halteres yellow. Wings: the anterior half reddish brown ;
central and external basal cells hyaline; the posterior half
hyaline; a little brownish at base of second submarginal
cell. From Tasmania (M. Bigot). In the figure of msect
the abdomen is marked with two light narrow stripes at base
of abdomen and with a light apex. The colouring of wing
is brown at base, crossing the lower part of discal cell and
entering the base of fourth and fifth posterior cells ; the
first basal cell is almost wholly and the second one partly
hyaline.

Brachyrrhopola fenestrata, Macq.

Brachyrrhopola victoria, Rider.

In Brit. Mus. Coll. a female from Victoria (French Coll.).

The species was described by Macquart under his new
genus Codula, with the type of the genus, viz. Codula limbi-
pennis; but it is no doubt a species of Brachyrrhopola, a

the Asilidze of Australasia. 587

genus founded by him in 1846 three years earlier, and from
the description of B. vicforie there is no doubt Réder was
redescribing a specimen of C. fenestrata.

Type in Paris Museum seen by me, a male.

A small black species with yellow bands on the second,
third, sixth, and seventh segments of the club- shaped
abdomen.

Face broad, with yellowish-grey tomentum at sides, leaving
a black stripe in the centre. Moustache of yellow hairs,
Antenne reddish (not black, as Macquart says); the third
joint long, with indistinct style and minute spine. Head
excised behind a little, with black incurved hairs. Legs
long and slender, black ; apical half of femora red ; tibiz red,
black at apices, bristles white and black. WVings brownish,
all posterior cells open. There are no signs of stripes on
the thorax, as given in Macquart’s figure of this insect,
Scutellum is red with whitish hairs. ‘The curved spine on
the fore tibize is present, in spite of Macquart describing it
as absent.

His description is as follows :—

Black. Abdomen white at apex, segments 2 and 3 with
red margins. Legs red. Wings brown with clear spaces.

Length 3 lines, ¢. Face shining black ; moustache white,
Forehead and antennz black. Thorax with two small indis-
tinct grey tomentose stripes, Abdomen shining; posterior
border of second and third segments fawn-coloured ; sixth
and seventh yellowish white on posterior borders. Legs
fawn-coloured ; cox black, femora on anterior half black ;
fore legs with no spines at apex (this is an error) ; tarsi
black ; first jot of posterior pair fawn-coloured, black at
apex. Wings a little brownish, discal cell and hase of first
posterior white; base of wing clear,

From Tasmania.

Brachyrrhopola maculata, Roder,

Described as from New South Wales,

Length, ¢ 15 mm., ? 20 mm.

3. ‘Antenne golden yellow. Face and moustache yellow,
Thorax golden yellow with black stripes. Scutedlum ochra-
ceous. Abdomen club-shaped, ochre-yellow, the first segment
somewhat dark, second one with two separated black spots,
_ which are also present on the third, the fourth wholly
black, the fifth black at sides. Legs ochre-yellow. Wings
tinged golden yellow at base on fore border, darker towards
apex, hyaline on posterior border. All cells open.

The female has the wings more golden yellow.
39*

5388 Miss G. Ricardo—A Revision of

Brachyrrhopola fulva, 2, sp. 0.

Type (2) and another from Mackay, Queensland (G.
Turner).

A small species, the wings identical with those of B. fenes-
trata, but easily distinguished from it by the yellowish
abdomen, with the base and last segments more or less
blackish; face golden yellow ; the thorax with stripes and
short golden pubescence.

Length 95 mm.

Face black in centre, shining, sides covered with golden
tomentum ; moustache yellow, the hairs paler at tips; palpi
black with black hairs, scanty black hairs below aud round
head. Anferne eae yellow; first two joints stout, almost
equal in length, the third long ; the antennz longer than the
depth of head. Thorax blackish brow n, with three median
brown stripes shining through the yellow tomentum and
pubescence, which is most apparent on the shoulders and
anteriorly; sides of thorax and head black, with two golden-
haired stripes ; some long yellow hairs on thorax posteriorly ;
scutellum reddish. Abdomen reddish yellow ; the first seg-
ment and anterior border of second black, remainder of
second segment and the third shining yellowish, almost bare ;
the fourth, fifth, and sixth segments black on anterior
borders, the last band the narrowest; the last three segments
with short golden pubescence on the yellow part, the same
pubescence appears but very sparsely on the other segments;
the abdomen is club-shaped, the first two segments being
narrower, the others convex ; underside concave, blackish,
yellow at base. Legs reddish yellow ; coxe, base of femora,
and apices of auterior and posterior tibiz and fore tarsi
black. Wings greyish, on the fore border and base yel-
lowish brown, with a brown band crossing the base of discal
cell; the basal cells and discal cell almost entirely and the
first posterior cell on its basal half hyaline; the small trans-
verse vein below the middle of the discal cell. Halteres
yellow.

This species is very probably identical with Codula quadri-
cincta, Bigot, but without seeing the type it is impossible
to decide.

The following Walker types belong to this genus :—

Brachyrrhopola claviventris { Divctria], from Dorey, New Guinea. Wings
clear.

B. inopinus [ Dasypogon), from New Guinea. Wings dark on fore border.

B. indecorus [ Dasypogon), from New Guinea. Wings brown at apex.

B. sewifilatus [Dasypogon], from Gilolo. Wings clear.

B. solutus [ Dasypogon], from Gilolo. Wings clear,

the Asilidz of Australasia. 589

NEocYRTOPOGON, gen. nov.

Distinguished by the very convex face, absence of antennal
style, and by the posterior cells all being open.
Formed for one species, viz. :—

Neocyrtopogon bifasciatus, sp. n.

Type g, type 2, from Townsville, Queensland (F. P.
Dodd), and two other females. One male from Moreton
Bay, Queensland.

A handsome species with slender fulvous abdomen, black
at base and on second and fourth segments, with wings
yellow at base and on fore border, with the apex and hind
border widely grey. Legs and antenne reddish yellow.
Face very convex, deep golden yellow. Thorax with black
bands and golden tomentum.

Length 19-20 mm.

Fulvous. Head wider than deep, the face very convex,
projecting far above the plane of eyes ; the moustache very
scanty, confined to the orai opening; face dull golden
covered with yellow tomentum, the cheeks below, near the
mouth, black, the bristles of moustache reddish yellow, the
beard yellowish. Palpi red, with reddish pubescence. An-
tenne reddish yellow; the first and second joints about equal
in length, with scanty reddish pubescence; the third joint
long and slender, with no distinct terminal style. Forehead
same colour as face for half its depth, then black with three
ocelli on vertex, a few reddish-yellow hairs on the black
part, and those round the head posteriorly the same colour.
Thorax dull fulyous, with a short broad black stripe on
dorsum produced in the middle, reaching as a narrow stripe
the anterior border of thorax, the shoulders and sides with
golden tomentum, sides armed with reddish-yellow bristles,
intermixed with these are some minute short yellow ones.
Scutellum fulvous. Abdomen reddish yellow, sometimes more
yellow; the first segment black, fulvous on its posterior
border, the second and third in the male slightly restricted,
a black narrow band in the middle of the second one, the
fourth wholly black, the fifth black on the sides and dusky
on its anterior border, ou sides of the first segment a tuft of
yellow bristly hairs; abdomen devoid of pubescence, shining,
in the female, in the male minute fulvous bristles are appa-
rent especially towards the apex; genital organs promi-
nent, with fulvous pubescence ; apex of abdomen in female
armed with strong reddish bristles and with some fulvous
pubescence ; underside black, reddish yellow on the second

590 Miss G. Ricardo—A Revision of

and third segments, and in the male at the apex. Legs
fulvous, the same colour as the abdomen ; the coxz black,
the knees, apices of tibiz, and the last joint of the tarsi
usually brown. Wings yellow at base and on fore borders
as far as the apex of the first basal cell, the centre of which
and the apical half of the second basal cell with the
apex of the wing, almost the whole of the discal cell and
hind border of wing greyish brown, veins yellow on the
yellow part, brown on the darker parts; all posterior cells
and anal cell open, but the first and fourth posterior slightly
narrowed at opening, and anal cell very narrow. Halteres
yellowish.

RaCHIOPOGON, gen. nov.

Distinguished from other genera in the division with
curved spine to fore tibiz, by the formation of third joint of
antenne, which is almost twice as long as the first two joints
together, with no style to its blunt apex but notched on its
upper side. Moustache confined to oral opening. Thorax
and scutellum with bristles. Legs bare, armed with bristles.
Wings with posterior cells open, but the fourth considerably
narrower at border; the first vein from the discal cell bulges
on its basal half into the first posterior cell.

Formed for one species originally described from Moreton
Bay, N. Australia, in Mr. Gibbon’s Coll.

Rachiopogon granti, Newman.
Trans. Ent. Soc. London, n. ser. iv. p. 57 [ Dasypogon | (1857).

The species is represented in Brit. Mus. Coll. by one
female from 8. Queensland (Dr. 7. L. Bancroft), 1908.
Newman’s type is not in the Brit. Mus. Coll.

A handsome black fly, with fulvous wings and anterior and
middle tibize on their basal half fulvous.

Length 20 mm.

Face slightly raised at oral opening, covered with golden-
yellow tomentum, greyer at the sides. Moustache composed
of yellow bristles placed round the oral opening. Palpi
black, with strong black bristles at apex and with black
hairs. Proboscis longer. Beard black. Antenne blackish,
the first joint of antennze same colour as face but darker ;
the first two jomts short, with a few black hairs, the
third cylindrical, the notch at apex is best seen from
behind, armed with a very short blunt spine. Thorax black,
with about five black bristles at sides, beginning a short
distance below shoulders. Scute//um black, with two bristles.

the Asilide of Australasia. 591

Abdomen dull black, the same width throughout, till the fifth,
which with the last two segments is considerably narrower ;
the last two segments shining; on the posterior half of the
first four segments some dull fulvous short pubescence is
apparent, Legs dull black ; the apices of fore femora, the
basal half of fore tibie, and the basal third of middle tibiz
fulvous, fore and middle cox with white hairs; the legs
are armed with black bristles of varying length, two very
long ones are present on each side of the middle tibiz, and
a shorter one on the fore tibie. Wings fulvous, a little
paler at apex and on posterior border, veins fulvous; the
second posterior cell bulges into the first posterior on its
basal half, the first posterior not narrower at border, the
fourth narrower at border but not closed; the anal cell very
narrow but not quite closed, the fork of third vein is long,
the small cross-vein is placed beyond the middle of discal
cell. Halteres fulvous.

NEOSAROPOGON, gen. nov.

Distinguished from Saropogon by the large size of the
species, by the absence of any visible style to third joint of
antenne, by the fourth posterior cell of wing being not quite
closed or widely open, and by the moustache being composed
of numerous bristles about the same size arranged fan-like

above the oral opening. ;

In two of the species included in this genus the first vein
from the discal cell bulges at the base into the first posterior
cell, and the fourth posterior cellis much narrowed at border ;
in the third species, N. princeps, it is widely open.

The species as yet known are :—

Neosaropogon princeps, Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. iii. p. 179, pl. i.
fig. 14 | Dasypogon] (1848); v. d. Wulp, Tijd. v. Entom. xix. p. 172
Laparus| (1876); Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, (5) viii. p. 222
Plesiomma) (1878); Williston, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Philad
xviii. p. 76 {Dasypogon] (1891); Kertesz, Cat. Dipt. p. 121 [ Neo-
laparus| (1909); Froggatt, Australian Insects, p. 500 | Saropogon]
(1907).—Dasypogon allia, Walker, List Dipt. ii. p. 334 (1849), et
vi. Suppl. ii. p. 487; Kertesz, List Dipt. p. 63 [Lsopogon] (1909).
Dasypogon carus, Walker, l.c.; Kertesz, l. ce. {Isopogon}. Dasypogon
numicius, Walker, /. c. p. 355; Kertesz, 1. e. { Isopogon].

Neosaropogon salinator, Walker, List Dipt. ii. p. 825 [Dasypogon | (1849),
et vi. Suppl. i. p. 477 { Dasypogon] (1854) ; Kertesz, Cat. Dipt. p.66
[ Heteropogon] (1909).

Neosaropogon claripennis, sp. n.

Neosaropogon princeps, Macq.
Dasypogon canus, Walker.
Dasypogon numicius, Walker.
Dasypogon alia, Walker.

592 Miss G. Ricardo—A Revision of

Macquart’s type was recorded from New South Wales,
and he notes another specimen as from Brazil.

Macquart’s type (2) and three other female specimens,
all varying in size, were seen by me in the Paris Museum.
In the type the third segment ts almost wholly dark, in the
other specimens only dark on the anterior border as in the
specimens in the British Museum. Apex of abdomen
furnished with circlet of spines.

Walker’s three types were deseribed from unknown
localities.

There are specimens in the Brit. Mus. Coll. from Aus-
tralia, New South Wales. Mr. Froggatt records a specimen
from Mittagong, New South Wales.

This species cannot belong to Neolaparus, owing to the
different formation of the moustache and the absence of
antennal style. It is distinguished from the other two
species placed in this genus by the more open fourth poste-
rior cell, the last part of its upper vein not turning sharply
downwards, and the first vein from the discal cell does not
bulge into the first posterior cell. It varies in size greatly,
judging from the specimens in the British Museum Coll.,
which measure from 22-25 mm. (males), 15-22 (females).

The moustache is composed of stout bristles. The antenne
are reddish yellow; the first two joints with yellowish hairs
and some bristles ; the third bare, cylindrical, in one male
nearly three times as long, in two females only twice as long
as the first two joints together. The bristles at sides of
thorax are rather short and yellow, the scudel/wm apparently
devoid of them.

Neosaropogon salinator, Walker.

Type (?) and another female from Port Essington,
N. Australia, aud a male and female from Port Darwin,
N. Australia (Buckland).

Distinguished from Neosaropogon claripennis, sp. n., by
the shorter, more club-shaped third antennal joint, by the
wholly yellow legs (only the coxee are darker), and the more
distinctly banded abdomen.

Length 23-27 mm.

Yellowish, with black bands on abdomen. Face pale
yellow, the bristles yellowish white. Antenne reddish
yellow; the first two joints with yellow hairs and a few black
bristles ; the third bare, rather club-shaped, about one and
a half times as long as the first two joints together. Thorax
greyish brown, with traces of three black stripes ; sides with

the Asilides of Australasia. 593

yellowish tomentum ; four black bristles above and two
below root of wing, scuéellum with two long black ones.
Abdomen dull yellowish, with blackish bands on the anterior
borders of segments, becoming broader towards the apex,
which in the female is almost wholly black. Legs yellow;
the coxre black, covered with greyish tomentum and long
yellowish hairs. Wings faintly tinged brown at apex;
neuration asin N. claripennis, but the fourth posterior cell
is rather more open. Halteres yellow.

Neosaropogon claripennis, sp. 0.

Type (¢) and another from Townsville, Queensland (F. P.
Dodd), and type (2?) and another from same locality.

A species with dark reddish-brown abdomen, indistinctly
marked with black ; legs lighter, reddish yellow, with tarsi
black. Antennz reddish yellow. Wings clear; fourth poste-
rior cell narrowed at opening.

Length 23 mm. One female measures only 16 mm.

Dark reddish brown. Head wider than it is deep. Face
slightly convex, a dull yellowish deep chamois-leather colour,
with golden tomentum; moustache of long yellow bristles.
Palpi black, with yellowish pubescence. Beard yellowish.
Antenne reddish yellow ; the third joint nearly three times as
long as the first two joints together, cylindrical, bare, ending
in an obtuse point ; the first two joints with hairs. Forehead
blackish, but covered with yellowish tomentum ; hairs round
head stout, reddish yellow. Thorax black, when not denuded
more or Jess covered with dull brownish-yellow tomentum ;
shoulders and sides with golden-yellow tomentum ; dorsum
with short black bristles ; sides with yellowish-red hairs and
two long black bristles above root of wing, four or more
below root of wing, and shorter ones at base of thorax ;
scutellum with two long black bristles, colour and tomentum
asin thorax. Abdomen reddish, indistinct blackish markings
on the middle segments, base of first segment black, some
short yellow hairs at sides and long ones at apex in the male;
dorsum almost bare, but very short black hairs are apparent
when closely examined ; in the female the abdomen appears
lighter in colour, more yellowish ; in both sexes on side of
first segment at the base is a tuft of stout bristle-like yellow
or reddish hairs, apex of female with short red bristles ;
underside reddish brown or reddish yellow, with blackish
segmentations. Legs reddish yellow ; coxe black, with some
white hairs ; knees of posterior tibiz and the last four tarsi
on all the legs black ; femora with very few black bristles,

594 Mr. G. J. Arrow on

tibize and tarsi with numerous ones. Wings hyaline: veins
yellow ; the first vein from the discal cell bulges at the base
into the first posterior cell, which is open at border; the
fourth is also open, but the last part of its upper vein from
the transverse vein enclosing the discal cell turns so sharply
downwards that it almost closes the cell, leaving only a narrow
opening at border. Halteres yellow.

(To be continued. }

LXV.—A Synoptical Revision of the Coleopterous Genus
Hexodon (Dynastine). By Gi_Bert J. Arrow.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

THE genus Hevodon forms a very homogeneous and peculiar
group of species confined to Madagascar and owing its chief
distinctive feature to the loss of the wings, a highly ex-
ceptional phenomenon in the Dynastinz, but evidently here
of very ancient date. It has been accompanied, as in
apterous Coleoptera of various other groups, by the develop-
ment of lateral folds to the elytra and the reduction of the
shoulder prominences, aud the latter feature has been
balanced in Hewvodon by the horizontal development of the
Jateral folds and the production of secondary or false
shoulders.

A further peculiarity is found in the structure of the
antennal club, the first joint of which is drawn out in such
a way that the point of articulation of the penultimate joint
is removed to near its middle.

The sexual characteristics of the genus, which have not
been noticed, although strongly marked, are interesting as
combining two opposite tendencies exhibited in the Dynas-
tine. In a large part of that subfamily the males have the
front claws unsymmetrical and the inner one enlarged and
distorted or toothed. This is almost always accompanied by
a considerable shortening and thickening of the front tarsus.
In another great division all the tarsi, but especially the
front ones, are elongated in the males, the claws remaining
simple and symmetrical. In /ewxodon the inner front claw
is thickened and distorted, but at the same time there is a
great elongation of all the tarsi as in the second division.
‘The pygidium is vertical in the male and oblique and more
exposed in the female.

The combination of features elsewhere distinctive of

the Coleopterous Genus Hexodon. 595

different groups seems to indicate the genus as representing
the ancestral type from which both have been derived.
Aberrant as it is, it is not remotely related to Dyscinetus and
the rest of the Cyclocephalini, in which, however, the more
recent character of the contraction (instead of elongation) of
the front tarsus of the male prevails, elongation being an
ancient condition found in many groups of Lamellicornia.

The Cyclocephalini are a large and flourishing group,
almost entirely confined to America. Ruteloryctes tristis,
Arrow, is a solitary representative in Africa, and it seems
that Hewodon is another example of the survival in Mada-
gascar of an ancient type formerly widespread, but now
almost extinct in the Old World. There is great dis-
similarity in aspect, as there must also be in habits, between
Hexodon and the flower-haunting Cyclocephalini of the New
World, and it seems that, as with Hypocephalus and many
other “living fossils,” survival from the remote past has
been due to the acquisition of peculiar sluggish and lurking
habits.

In the ‘Catalogue of Madagascar Coleoptera’ by M.
Alluaud published in 1900, four species of Hevodon are
enumerated ; but of these HH. hope, Koll., as I have found
by examination of Hope’s original specimen at Oxford, is
identical with H. unicolor, Oliv. Another name, H. rotunda-
tum, occurs upon the plates published long before in con-
nection with the same work, and the examination in the
Paris Museum of the specimen figured has proved it to be a
rubbed female specimen of H. reticulatum, Oliv.

Lhe number of known species has been raised to five by
the description of //. griseosericans, Fairmaire, and H. minu-
tum, Sternberg. A co-type of the former is in the British
Museum and I have seen a second co-type in the collection
of Dr. Sicard. I have also been allowed to examine the
type of 17. minutum, which is now the property of Herr H.
Prell, and that of HH. reticulatum, Oliv., from the Dufresne
collection in the Edinburgh Museum.

I have examined altogether considerably more than a
hundred specimens of the genus in order to obtain as clear
an idea as possible of its specific differentiation. All the
specimens fall readily into two groups, which have numerous
and well-marked differences ; but within these two groups
subdivision is much less easy, owing to the considerable
variation in shape and sculpture and the absence of any
important structural differentia.

In the first division, represented by the first-described
species, H. reticulatum, Oliy., the elytra are not abbreviated,

596 Mr. G. J. Arrow on

meet in a sharp angle at their extremities, and, in the tales
at least, completely hide the abdomen as seen from above.
The visible part of the mesonotum is smooth and shining,
with or without a cluster of minute punctures on the
scutellum, which is very short and broad ; the prosternal
process is rather long and erect, and in the male the penulti-
mate joint of the front tarsus is produced beneath the last
joint into a slender rod almost as long as the rest of the
joint.

In the second division, represented by H. unicolor, Oliv.,
the elytra are abbreviated and separately rounded behind (or
at least their posterior edges do not form a continuous line),
and the end of the abdomen is almost always visible from
above. ‘The exposed part of the mesonotum is entirely
opaque and finely sculptured, the scutellum forming a well-
marked Icbe, the prosternal process is triangular and very
short, and the male has only a short prolongation of the
penultimate joint of the front tarsus or none at all,

The investigation of the genitalia of male Dynastine
frequently reveals striking differences in species which have
a close external resemblance and is an indispensable criterion
in cases of difficulty. The investigation in the present case
has produced rather surprising results. The species of the
first division are entirely unlike the remaining species in the
form of the cedeagus, while showing only very slight
differences between themselves. ‘The paramera are long and
slender and the left one (as seen from behind) has an over-
lapping internal flange.

In the second division the cedeagus is symmetrical and
tle paramera shorter and very markedly different in shape
in the three species, although externally these are no more
dissimilar than those of the first division.

Before making a careful study of this organ I regarded
some of the forms of the very variable H. unicolor as specifi-
cally distinct, but the uniformity of their genitalia as con-
trasted with the dissimilarity found in the three species just
mentioned obliged me to abandon that idea. On the other
hand, to treat very slight differences in the form of the
cedeagus as specifically insignificant would imply the non-
validity of such (externally) very distinct forms as H. patella
and H, latissimum. Thus this structure not only provides
confirmation of the naturalness of the primary subdivision of
the genus based upon external characters, but is the only
really trustworthy criterion of species.

I have therefore been impelled to accept any tangible
and apparently constant degree of difference in this respect

the Coleopterous Genus Hexodon. 597

as indicating specific distinctness, while the amount of
difference, when the marked constancy of this character is
contrasted with the no less marked inconstancy of the ex-
ternal form of these beetles, must be held to show much more
clearly than the latter the relationships existing between the
species. We have here, in fact, a structure which is both more
plastic, as shown by the extraordinary diversity of its forms
oiten to be found in species undoubtedly very closely related
to one another, and more stable, as seen in its constancy of
shape when examined in a series of similar individuals, than
any external character, and which by its nature is the best
anatomical indicator of the possibility or otherwise of inter-
breeding. Reliance upon it will undoubtedly produce results
sometimes conflicting with ideas of species which have been
based only upon external features, and it may be necessary,
in the absence of any other term, still to describe as “ species’
forms which show marked external differences without
apparently any corresponding genital characters; but still
more must we admit that, where distinct forms of genitalia
occur, even if no external difference can be found (and I
believe such cases to exist), these must be accepted as
indicating distinct species.

In the present genus there is a concurrence of characters,
internal and external, in all the forms I have distinguished,
and it consists, so far as at present known, of a group of
five exceedingly closely related and probably lately evolved
species, forming the reticulatum group, and three more
ancient and less closely interrelated species, forming also
a natural group (the wnicolor group).

The following synopsis gives the most salient characters
of each species :—

1 (10). Posterior angles of the elytra sharp.
(reticulatum group.)

(3). Body very convex, with scarcely

flattened elytral margins........ 1. montandoni, Buq.
(2). Body not very convex, with dis-

tinctly flattened elytral margins.
(7). Hind angles of the pronotum

rounded.
(6), Apical angles of the elytra slightly

ECO clei ae: oc 2 si ei8 a) evnsei soe vines 2. reticulatum, Oliv.
(5). gee angles of the elytra not pro-

CLL 2 hearer fen ine 3. patella, sp. n.

(4). Hind angles of the pronotum sharp.
(9). Lateral margins of the elytra

narrow ; elytra together scarcely

rosder an 1OGS | asses se ats 4. griseosericans, Fairm,
(8). Lateral margins of ‘the elytra broad ;

elytra together Coa iekg: broader
PHAW IONS ei. es Feidniveltsiens. Om Ulssumunt, Aps-Ue

Cry oy (Ow fe cs

We}

598 Mr. G. J. Arrow on

10 (1). Posterior angles of the elytra not
sharp. (wnicolor group.)
11 (12). Posterior angles of the pronotum
not or scarcely extending farther
back than the middle of the base. 6. unicostatum, sp. 1.
12 (11). Posterior angles of the pronotum
produced beyond the middle of the
base.
13 (14). Large; elytra not very convex,
with the outer margins strongly
flattened ; mesonotum entirely
OPAQHO «facie <li is o> agi ai- 7. unicolor, Oliv.
14 (13). Small; elytra highly convex, with
the outer margins not at all flat-
tened behind; mesonotum smooth
and shining in front of the scutel-
Lag 7423 ee fence cane ee Aas al 8. minutum, Sternb.

I have represented in outline the male genitalia of all
these eight forms (the figures being numbered to correspond
with those above), and descriptions of the three which are

new now follow.

Hexodon patella, sp.n. (See fig. 3.)

Rotundatum, fere circulare, marginibus lateralibus valde dilatatis ;
rufum, supra toto opacum, utroque elytro plaga antica punctis-
que duabus anteapicalibus nitidis ornato ; capite (clypeo excepto),
pronoti medio (linea mediana excepta) elytrorumque sutura et
lineis vagis longitudinalibus infuscatis; corpore subtus nitido ;

the Coleopterous Genus Hexodon. 599

pedibus, prothoracis lateribus elytrorumque epipleuris lete rufis ;
capite antice minute emarginato, sutura clypeali fere toto
obsoleto; pronoto brevi, angulis posticis rotundatis, vix pro-
ductis, basi levissime arcuato; scutello lato, paulo concayo,
opaco, subtiliter ruguloso; elytris convexis, lateribus ubique
regulariter arcuatis, antice late explanatis, apicibus conjunctim
recte subtruncatis ; processu prosternali prominentissimo, gracili,
Long. 25 mm. ; lat. max. 18°5 mm.

Hab. 8.W. Madagascar: near Fort Dauphin.

The male type specimen in the British Museum is the
only example of the species known to me. It has the nearly
circular outline of H. montandoni, but is much less convex
and more nearly related to HZ. latissimum. The coloration is
quite peculiar. The ground-colour is a reddish chocolate,
with the legs rather bright red, and the posterior part of the
head and the middle of the pronotum, except a narrow median
red line, nearly black. The hind angles of the pronotum
are rounded and scarcely produced. ‘lhe prosternal process
is very long and slender.

Flexodon latissimum, sp.n. (See fig. 5.)

Nigrum, corpore subtus nitido, supra opaco, griseo-vestito, sed
mesonoto polito, nitido, scutello lato, erebre punctulato; capite,
prothorace, elytrorumque costis obscurioribus, costis ad marginem
anticam (duabus internis nonnunquam etiam ad medium) con-
fluentibus, postice abbreviatis ; corpore latissimo, fere circulari,
pronoto antice valde contracto, basi omnino fere regulariter
emarginato, angulis posticis acutis ; elytris conjunctim latioribus
quam longioribus, apicibus recte subtruncatis, lateribus antice
late deplanatis ; processu prosternali erecto, sat gracili.

Long. 25 mm. ; lat. 18-19 mm.

Hab. N.W. Madagascar; Majunga.

The British Museum is indebted for a specimen of this to
Dr. A. Sicard, in whose collection there is a second specimen.

This species is very closely related to H. griseosericans,
although the much greater breadth of the elytra gives it a
very different appearance. The dark elytral costz are nearly
parallel and not irregular as in HH. reticulatum and are
alternately strongly and feebly developed. The first and
second primary coste terminate at the apical callus and in
the type specimen they also unite in the middle; but this
may be exceptional, as in some examples of H. reticulatum.
The second, third, and fourth primary coste, and the inter-
vening secondary ones, unite at the humeral callus, which
lies in the middle of the anterior margin. The apical callus
lies nearer to the apical and sutural edges of the elytron

600 Miscellaneous.

than in /7. unicolor, and the abrupt posterior termination of
the third primary costa forms an additional callus which is
present also in /1/. griseosericans.

Hexodon unicostatum, sp.n. (See fig. 6.)

Piceum, capite pronotoque nigrescentibus, pedibus sat lete rufis,
corpore supra opaco, griseo-vestito; prothoracis et elytrorum
marginibus extremis, singuli elytri vittaque arcuata paulo
elevata postice abbreviata nitidis; ovatum, postice latissimum,
clypeo antrorsum paulo contracto, sutura nulla ; prothorace haud
latissimo, basi leviter trisinuato, angulis posticis haud acutis aut
valde productis; scutelli medio dense punctulato; elytris con-
junctim latioribus quam longioribus, lateribus autem haud late
deplanatis, postice truncatis, angulis suturalibus minute rotun-
datis; prosterno postice hand erecto :

3,tarsis 4 anterioribus quam tibiis longioribus, posticis paulo
brevioribus, pygidio convexo, haud porrecto ;

@, tarsis posticis quam tibiis multo brevioribus, pygidio porrecto.

Long. 17-19 mm. ; lat. max. 11°5-12°5 mm.

Hab. N.K. Madagascar ; Antongil Bay.

The type specimen (received from Herr Felsclie) is in the
British Museum, and I have also examined a series in tlie
Paris Museum containing both sexes, a pair of which has
been kindly presented.

The species is a rather small one of distinctive shape, the
prothorax being relatively narrower than is usual, and the
elytra short and broad, but without strongly developed
lateral flanges. The posterior angles of the prothorax are
rounded and only slightly produced backwards, so that they
are in a line with the slightly prominent median lobe. The
mesonotum is closely punctured and opaque and the scu-
tellum forms a well-marked lobe. There is a single smooth
and shining median carina upon each elytron, extending
from the middle of the basal margin to the apical callus
when fully developed, but sometimes widely interrupted.
The prosternum does not form a free process behind the
cox, and the legs are rather less elongate in the male than in
the other species of the genus.

MISCELLANEOUS.

We omitted to mention in our April number that our thanks are
due to the Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History) for
kindly lending us the process-block illustrating Mr. Arrow’s paper
on Phytalus smithi (p. 456).

THE ANNALS

AND

MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY.

(EIGHTH SERIES. ]

No. 54. JUNE 1912.

LXVI.—On the Development of the Teeth of the Soricide :
an Ontogenetical Inquiry. By Dr. Aucusra ARNBACK-~
Curistis-Linpe (Zootomical Institute, University of
Stockholm) *,

[Plates XVIII, & XIX.]

WueEN examining the teeth of the shrews, one is struck with
the enormous development of the anterior incisars in both
jaws and with the reduced number of the antemolar teeth,
especially in the lower jaw. One cannot help combining
these two facts, the comparative anatomy offering plenty of
instances showing that the enlargement of a tooth involves
the reduction or even the disappearance of neighbouring
teeth. The question then arises, how many and which teeth
have been suppressed, and, further, how the small antemolar
teeth are to be homologized.

Another question which has not hitherto been definitely
decided is whether the shrews have a milk-dentition or not.
Some authors are of opinion that these animals have no
milk-dentition, but others pretend to have found calcified
milk-teeth.

Through an ontogenetical investigation I hoped to find an

* This article is a réswmé of my paper ‘‘ Der Bau der Soriciden und
ihre Beziehungen zu andern Saugetieren: Part II.,” now publishing in
Morphol. Jahrbuch, Bd. xliv. ‘

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. ix. 40)

602 Dr. A. Arnbiick-Christie-Linde on the

answer to these questions and at the same time to get a clue
to the phylogeny of the Soricide.

I have examined the following shrews by means of serial
sections :—

Sorex araneus : 3 stages.
I. Foetus: head-length about 8 mm., body-length * about 11 mm.
3 specimens.

II. Foetus: head-length about 9 mm., body-length about 13 mm.
3 specimens,

III. Very young, almost hairless Sorex: head-length about 19 mm.,
body-length about 33 mm.
1 specimen.

Neomys (Crossopus) fodiens: | stage.
Feetus : head-length about 9 mm., body-length about 17 mm.
2 specimens.
Crocidura russula : 3 stages.

I, Foetus: head-length about 8 mm., body-length about 123 mm.
2 specimens.

IT. Foetus: head-length about 8 mm., body-length about 12 mm.
2 specimens,

ILI, Foetus: head-length about 9 mm., body-length about 125 mm.
1 specimen,

Fetal specimen of a shrew (probably Crocidura): body-length about
10 mm.

The above measures have been taken on preserved specimens,
The results of my investigation of the tooth-development
of Sorex araneus may be thus expressed :—

Per © PP? Ps PY MM? MS
Id? Id'Id’ Ca Pa? Pa? Pa® Pat
Id, =) PG Pipes PR;
LIeIsIe (C) P: Pe (Ps) By Mi Me My.

In giving the tooth-formulas of the other shrews which I
have investigated I have used the same designation for teeth
which are probably homologous.

The reconstructions of the ectodermal parts of the teeth
are made by Dr. N. Odhner, whose reconstructing method
is described in Anatom. Anzeiger, Bd. xxxix. 1911, p. 273.

* T have taken this measure from the crown of the head to the poste-
rior flexure of the body.

Development of the Teeth of the Soricidee. 603

SoOREX ARANEUS.

The germs of the permanent teeth,
The upper jaw.
Fetus : hody-length about 11 mm,

At this stage the tooth-band forms a continuous curve,
its two halves being connected in the middle. The anterior
part of the tooth-band, i. e. the part situated in front of the
large functional incisors, is well developed. The tooth-band
projects deeply into the mesoderm, especially the anterior
and posterior parts, from which the largest enamel-organs
arise.

The germs of the three functional incisors are well deve-
loped. In front of the largest incisor two more tooth-germs
are observable, most probably representing two suppressed
incisors, I’ and I? (text-figs. 1 & 2; Pl. XVIII. fig. 1). As

2.

Fig. 1. Fig. ¢

Sorer araneus.—Feetus (11 mm.). Upper jaw. Transverse section.
Fie.1.1'. Fig. 2. 1°, with vestigial milk predecessor (Id?). x 220.
The left side of the figure represents the lingual and the right the
labial side of the jaw.

appears from the figure, these rudiments are very distinct,
seen from the inner side of the tooth-band. We can thus
distinguish germs of five incisors, 7.¢e. 1, P,P, 1, 1b.
and I’ are bud-shaped, as are also I* and 1°, the rudimentary
I’ and I? being of course much less differentiated than I* and
I’. 1°, the functional first incisor, is bell-shaped. On the
lingual side of this tooth the free deep end of the tooth-band
is swollen, forming a bud (Pl. XVIII. fig. 1, Z/). Whether
this be a tooth-germ or not may be an open question,
40*

604 Dr. A. Arnbiick-Christie-Linde on the

Certain it is that there is material enough for giving rise to
a successional tooth.

Between the morphological I’ and the next functional
tooth there is a distinct bud-shaped tooth-rudiment, repre-
senting the canine according to the general terminology
(text-fig. 3). Thisis the first antemolar tooth-germ situated

Sorex araneus.—Feetus (1lmm.). Upper jaw. Transverse section. C
with milk predecessor (Cd). Xx 220. The left side of the figure
represents the lingual and the right the labial side of the jaw.

within the confines of the ossifying maxilla, all the above-
mentioned tooth-germs being situated within the confines of
the ossifying premaxilla. This is at least the case in the
foetal stage. How it is in the adult animal I cannot decide.
It may be, as Brandt * states, that the premaxillo-maxillary
suture in the adult hes between the fourth and the fifth
antemolars. Yet for all that the functional fourth tooth is
not an incisor and the functional fifth tooth is not a canine,
but both are premolars, as will appear from the following.

The tooth-germ of the canine not being visible in the
reconstruction figure, I refer to the text-figure 3.

The presence of a rudimeutary canine excludes every
doubt that the following four antemolar germs represent the
premolars. The set of premolars is thus complete. P', P®,
and P* are well developed, the two first-mentioned being
bud-shaped and the latter bell-shaped. P?, on the contrary,
is retarded in its development, and at this stage hardly
differentiated from the tooth-band (Pl. XVIII. fig. 1).

As to the molars, M' and M? are represented by distinct
tooth-germs, M’ being bell-shaped, M? bud-shaped; M?* is
not yet distinctly differentiated.

* Brandt, Ed., “Untersuchungen iiber das Gebiss der Spitzmaiise,”
Bulletin de la Société impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, xliii, 2
(1870), xlvi. 2 (1873).

I

Development of the Teeth of the Sovicidee. © 695

Fetus: body-length about 13 mm,

The tooth-band has not completely lost its connection with
the buccal epithelium ; also in this specimen it is continuous,
but its anterior part is here somewhat reduced.

The tooth-rudiments of I' and I? are distinctly differen-
tiated, but show obvious traces of reduction. As regards I',
a thin layer of dentine is formed. Here, too, the free deep
end of the tooth-band forms a bud on the lingual side. I* is
bell-shaped and I’ cup-shaped.

The germ of C is not distinguishable at this stage.

As to the degree of dev elopment, the premolars differ but
little from those of the above stage. Only P? is a little more
differentiated, though still retarded in its development as
compared with the other premolars.

On the lingual side of P* the free deep end of tbe tooth-
band is swollen like a bud.

The molars are all differentiated: M' and M? are bell-
shaped and M* is represented by a bud.

Young Sorex: body-length about 33 mm.

Unfortunately I could not pursue this investigation on
foetal specimens. The next stage which I have examined is
therefore that of a young Sorex, blind and almost hairless.

The tooth-band is totally absorbed. No traces of the
rudimentary teeth I’, 1”, and C are to be seen.

Of the permanent dentition all the functional teeth are
developed, 7. e. three incisors—the morphological 1’, I‘, ’,—
the four premolars, and the three molars. They are all
calcified, but none of them, not even the enormous I’, has
cut the gums. .

The lower jaw.

Fetus: body-length about 11 mm.

The tooth-band forms a continuous curve, as in the upper
jaw, 7. e. the two halves are connected in the middle.

In front of the enamel-organs of the large functional
incisors the tooth-band is.swollen, to give rise most probably to
three rudimentary tooth-germs—I,, I,, 1;. These rudiments,
being more differentiated in the older foetal specimen, are
described below.

The enamel-organ of the morphological I,—7. e. the func-
tional first incisor—is bell-shaped and much in advance of
the other teeth. On the lingual side of this tooth the free

606 Dr. A. Arnbick-Christie-Linde on the

deep end of the tooth-band is thickened, forming a bud, as
in the upper I’.

Behind I, the tooth-band swells out a little, to give rise to
a structure which may be a trace of the lower canine. This
structure being less distinctly differentiated than the corre-
sponding upper tooth-rudiment, I have only with some hesi-
tation designated it as a tooth-germ. In earlier stages this
rudiment may possibly be more differentiated from the tooth-
band.

In the foetal Neomys (Crossopus) fodiens the presence of
a lower canine is beyond doubt.

Considering the above-mentioned facts, the next tooth is
most probably P,, being here cup-shaped.

Between this tooth and the last antemolar one, i. e. P,,
there are two rudimentary germs, those of P, and P;. Pz» is
more distinctly differentiated from the tooth-band than P3.

Woodward * has also observed the tooth-rudiment P,, but
regards it as the third lower incisor.

P; is represented only by a slight swelling of the tooth-
band. PP, is bell-shaped. :

As to the molars, M, and M, are represented, the former
by a bell-shaped, the latter by a cup-shaped tooth-germ.
M; is not yet differentiated.

Foetus: body-length about 13 mm.

This stage does not differ much from the one just
described, only the rudimentary incisors are somewhat more
differentiated.

The two halves of the tooth-band are connected in the
middle. The part of the tooth-band situated in front of the
large functional incisors presents three swellings on each
side, which are still connected with the buccal epithelium.
These swellings most probably represent reduced incisors,
I,, I,, I;. Transverse sections through these structures are
here figured (text-figs. 4-6).

In I, the calcification has begun. The free deep end of
the tooth-band is swollen. Between I, and P, there is a gap,
but I could find no swelling of the tooth-band there. As to
the germs of the functional premolars, P, is bell-shaped and
P, is about to assume this form.

* Woodward, M. F., “Contributions to the Study of Mammalian
Dentition.—Part 11. On the Teeth of certain Insectivora,” Proc. Zool.
Soe. London, 1896,

ee a a

d Development of the Teeth of the Soricide. 607

No traces of P, and P; are to be seen, n

M, and M, are not yet calcified. M, is represented by a
large swelling of the tooth-band.

Sorex araneus—Foetus (13 mm.), Lower jaw. Transverse section,
Fig. 4.1, Fig. 5. I.. Fig.-6. 1;. x 220. The left side of the
figure represents the lingual, the right the labial side of the jaw.

Young Sorex: body-length about 33 mm.

The tooth-band is absorbed. Only a few cells in the
middle remain. The anterior rudimentary incisors, I, I,, I,
are represented by highly vestigial but distinct structures
(Ph XIX, figs. 1,2). They are connected with the remains

of the tooth-band by a few cells.
As to the other teeth, what is said of the upper functional

ones is also true about them: the functional lower teeth—
I,, P,, Py, M,, Mz, M;—are all calcified, but none of them

has cut the gums.
A vestige of the bud-like free deep end of the tooth-band

on the lingual side of I, is distinguishable.

The milk-teeth.
The presence of a milk-dentition has hitherto been a

608 Dr. A. Arnbick-Christie-Linde on the

subject of dispute. Some authors are of opinion that there
is no such dentition, e. g. Leche *, who, having microscopi-
cally examined several foetal stages without finding any trace
of milk-teeth, comes to the couclusion that the Soricide
have only one dentition.

Woodward (/. c.) is the first who has found rudiments of
real milk-teeth in Sorex, the calcified ‘ milk-teeth,’ the
existence of which Owen ¢ and Tauber { have stated, being
the cusps of the permanent teeth.

The question whether a milk-dentition exists or not is
thus decided. However, I hope that the result of my investi-
gation may be of some interest, as Woodward has examined
only one stage of Sorex and observed only a few uncalcified
rudiments.

The upper jaw.
Fetus: body-length about 11 mm.

The first labial growth of the tooth-band met with is
related to the rudimentary I*; and is thusId*. Itisa highly
vestigial structure, as might be expected (Pl. XVIII. fig. 1;
text-fig. 2).

All the functional antemolar teeth with the exception
of the large I* have predecessors in the milk-dentition
(Pl. XVIII. fig. 1). Besides, I have found a predecessor
of the rudimentary C (text-fig. 3).

The milk-dentition in the upper jaw thus consists of Id?,
Id‘, Id®, Cd, Pd', Pd’, Pd*®; Pd*. Id?, Cd, and Pd? are repre-
sented by highly vestigial minute buds, and Id° by a compa-
ratively large labial outgrowth from the tooth-band.

The other milk-teeth are cup-shaped.

One of the most interesting points in connection with I’
is the fact that the tooth-band here gives rise to three out-
growths from the same point, representing three dentitiqns.
The lingual one (1°) developing to a permanent tooth, the
labial ones must be traces of older dentitions, 7. e. of the
lacteal and prelacteal dentitions (Pl. XVIII. fig. 1, Pl.).

Also in Erinaceus europeus on the labial side of the corre-
sponding functional tooth—I*—there are traces of two
dentitions, as appears from Leche’s figures (/. c. Taf. vi.
figs. 87-40). Leche, having overlooked this fact, mentions

* Leche, W., “ Zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des Zahnsystems der
Siaugetiere,” Teil i., Bibl. Zool. (Stuttgart, 1895).

+ Owen, R., ‘Odontographie,’ i. & 11, (London, 1840-45),

t Tauber, P., “Om Tandsaet og Levemaade hos de danske Flagermuus
og Insekteedere,”’ Naturhistorisk Tidskrift, Bd. viii. (1872-78).

Development of the Teeth of the Soricide. 609

in the text only one labial bud, which he regards as Id? (. e.
pp. 28, 80).

No doubt the last-mentioned bud ought to be interpreted
in the same way as the corresponding one (P/.) in Sorez,
i. e. as a prelacteal vestige, the real third milk-tooth, Id’,
being an early vanishing structure.

Fetus: body-length about 13 mm.

In this foetus only those milk-teeth which in the last-
mentioned specimen are cup-shaped, 7. e. Id*, Pd’, Pd’, and
Pd*, are remaining. They are all represented by very
minute calcified tooth-rudiments, which probably never cut

the gums. The presence of calcified milk-teeth in Sorez is
thus substantiated.

Young Sorex : body-length about 33 mm.

I have found no trace of upper milk-teeth in the young
Sorex. As the specimen examined was blind and almost
hairless, and consequently at most a few days old, it is most
probable that the milk-teeth disappear before birth.

The lower jaw.

Fetus : body-length about 11 mm.

The first transverse sections through the tooth-band show
a labial growth of it at the point where it gives rise to the
structure designated by me as I,. This growth I have
interpreted as a vestigial Id).

There are no traces of other milk-incisors.

The following milk-tooth-germs are related to P,, P;, and
P,. Pd, is cup-shaped; Pd, is a highly vestigial structure,
In Pd, the calcification has begun.

Foetus: body-length about 13 mm.

Also at this stage a vestigial trace of Id, is distinguishable.
Pd, and Pd, are calcified.

Young Sorex : bod y-length about 33 mm.

Pd, is present, represented by a minute calcification which
will evidently soon be absorbed.
Pd, is thus the only milk-tooth surely present at birth, all

the other upper and lower ones most probably disappearing
before birth.

610 Dr. A. Arnbiick-Christie-Linde on the

j.

S)
me

LD) (

“

Summary.

During the fetal life the tooth-band forms a continuous
curve in both jaws, the connection of the halves in the
middle remaining until a late stage of development, even
until calcification has begun in the teeth of both denti-
tions; in the lower jaw traces of the tooth-band are
found even in the young Sorew.

The most striking feature in Sorex araneus is the presence
of five incisor-germs in the upper jaw and four in the
lower jaw, a greater number than has hitherto been
found in any heterodont monodelph. Even if it should
not. be admitted that the structure I', which is but little
differentiated, is a tooth-germ, I think there can be no
doubt about the nature of the structure designated by
me as I? (with the predecessor Id*). The presence of
three vestigial incisor-germs in the lower jaw may be
considered as proved (vide Pl. XIX. figs. 1, 2), though I
could not pursue the development of these germs on
foetal material.

There is in the upper jaw a distinct rudiment of a canine,
proving that the ancestors once had such teeth; also in
the lower jaw traces of canines are observable.

The above facts enable us to homologize the minute ante-
molar teeth and to ascertain that the number of pre-
molars is complete. It can now hardly be doubted that
Sorex has four premolars in the upper jaw, and once
had the same number in the lower jaw.

A milk-dentition is present, consisting of the following
teeth :—
Ta? Id‘ Ia® Cd Pd? Pa? Pa® Pat
dd, . CP GR a oa

Some of these tooth-germs calcify, viz. :—

Id! Pd’ Pa? Pa’
a Pda; Pda i

. The milk-dentition is highly reduced and functionless,

in all probability disappearing before birth with the
exception of the lower Pd,, which remains in the young
Sorex.

. Besides the milk and permanent series of teeth there is

a trace of one more dentition, 7. e. the prelacteal den-
tition, a minute growth of the tooth-band having been
found on the labial side of Id’.

Development of the Teeth of the Soricide. 611

8. The occurrence of lingual buds related to several perma-
nent teeth, and especially to the large incisors in both
jaws, shows that there is material enough for producing
a postpermanent dentition.

9. The result of the above investigation may be expressed
through the following formula :—

PPEEErE Cc PP Pp PY MMM
Id? Id‘ Id’ Cd Pa’ Pa? Pa? Pat

Id | Se Pd: Pd Pd

BELL cy Pi Py (iy Pe

The functional set of teeth consists of :—

Ts ie [5 Pl Pp? P3 Pt M" M? M*
iF P; P, M, Mo Ms

Neomys (Crossorus) FopIENs.

The germs of the permanent teeth.
Fetus: body-length ahout 17 mm.
The upper jaw.

I have not yet been able to procure more than one stage
of Neomys, and the specimens are rather old.

The tooth-band is continuous as in Sorex, the two halves
being connected in the middle. The connection with the
buccal epithelium is about to be lost.

The part of the tooth-band situated in front of the large
functional incisors is well developed, and there is a bud-like
swelling on each side, which might be a tooth-germ, in such
case probably the homologue of I* in Sorex. For want of
younger foetal specimens I cannot at present pronounce a
definite opinion on this structure.

In Neomys, at least at this stage, there is no trace of the
anterior swelling found in Sorex which I have designated
as I}.

The large functional first incisor, designated I° as the
corresponding one in Sorex, presents an advanced stage of
development, its tooth-germ being bell-shaped. The other
two incisors, I* and I’, are about to pass into the cup-shaped
stage.

On the lingual side of I° the free deep end of the tooth-
band is swollen and bud-like.

There is no trace of a canine in the upper jaw. <A distinet
germ of this tooth being present in the lower jaw—as will be

612 Dr. A. Arnbiick-Christie-Linde on the

shown below—the possibility of the existence of an upper
one in younger specimens is not excluded, though it is
suppressed in older stages.

I therefore regard the following teeth as premolars, and
have designated them P’, P?, P*. The first two are repre-
sented by large buds, the last one is much in advance and is
bell-shaped.

I will call attention to my notation of the premolars being
a provisional one. P* in Neomys is in all probability the
homologue of P* in Sorex, and the teeth called P! are
probably homologous structures in the two animals. But
the material at my disposal does not enable me to decide
whether P? or P? in Neomys is suppressed. It seems to me
most probable that it is P? that remains and P* that is
suppressed.

This view is based on the fact that in shrews having the
full set of premolars P* is generally of varying size and some-
times so highly reduced that it has hardly cut the gums. I
refer to the excellent figures of several species of Sorex and
Blarina—e. g. S. personatus, S. fumeus, S. merriami, S. longi-
rostris ; B. brevicauda, B. telmalestes, B. carolinensis—which
we owe to Merriam * and Miller f. One might therefore be
inclined to suppose that the final result of the reduction of
P® may be the total suppression of this tooth in some species.

If it is allowed to presume that the tooth development is
the same in different genera of the Soricide, it is thus P*
that has been reduced in Neomys. But of course only an
ontogenetic investigation of younger specimens will make a
decisive. conclusion possible.

M! is in advance of the other two molars, being bell-
shaped; the free deep end forms a lingual swelling. M? is
about to become bell-shaped and M? is represented by a large
swelling of the end of the tooth-band.

The lower jaw.

The tooth-band is not continuous ; it is divided into two
halves.

The germ of I,—the functional first incisor, which is
designated in the same way as the corresponding tooth in

* Merriam, C. Hart, “ Revision of the Shrews of the American Genera
Blarina and Notiosorex,”’ “Synopsis of the American Shrews of the
Genus Sorex,” North American Fauna, no. 10 (Washington, 1895).

+ Miller, Gerrit S., Jun., “The Long-tailed Shrews of the Eastern
United States,” North American Fauna, no. 10 (Washington, 1895).

Development of the Teeth of the Soricide. 613

Sorer—is enormous in size and bell-shaped (Pl. XVIII.
fig. 2). The free deep end of the tooth-band forms a bud-like
swelling on the lingual side. But in front of this tooth
there is a well-developed part of the tooth-band, showing
two swellings which, seen from the inner side, are distinctly
differentiated from the tooth-band (Pl. XVIII. fig. 2). I
regard these swellings as germs of two suppressed anterior
incisors, I, and I,, and as probably homologous with the teeth
designated in the same way in Sorer. 1; is about to be
cup-shaped. Transverse sections through these structures
are here figured (text-figs, 7 & 8).

Neomys fodiens—Feetus (17 mm.). Lower jaw. Transverse section,
Fig. 7. I. Fig. 8.1;. x 220. The right side of the figure repre-
sents the lingual and the left the labial side of the jaw.

From a comparison with Sorex araneus it appears that in
Neomys a reduction has taken place with respect to the
anterior middle part of the tooth-band as well as to the
number of the incisors, no trace of I, being distinguishable
in Neomys.

A slight but definite thickening of the tooth-band repre-
sents the canine. As there is no such tooth im the upper
jaw at this stage, it is probable that the upper canine is
more early suppressed than the lower one. In Sorex the
case seems to be quite the reverse.

On account of the above facts we have to homologize the
following four antemolar germs as premolars. The full set
of premolars is thus at the foetal stage present in the lower
jaw in Neomys, as is the case in the upper jaw in Sorex. P,
and P, are well developed, the former being cup-shaped, the
latter bell-shaped. The free deep end of the tooth-band ig

614 Dr. A. Arnbick-Christie-Linde on the

swollen on the lingual side of P,. P, and P; are represented
by two bud-like swellings of the tooth-band (Pl. XVIII.
fig. 2).

What is said about the molars in the upper jaw is also
true about the molars in the lower jaw, only that Mz is
somewhat more differentiated.

The milk-teeth.

The milk-dentition is highly reduced and retarded in its
development. It may be doubted if any of the milk-teeth
calcify, and probably none of them cut the gums.

The upper jaw.

There are two milk-incisors, viz. Id* and Id*; the former
is a bud-like rudiment, the latter is cup-shaped. I have
found no trace of a prelacteal dentition in connection with TV’
in Neomys.

Predecessors of the three premolars have also been found,
viz. Pd', Pd?, and Pd‘. Pd? is cup-shaped, the other two are
represented by bud-like structures.

The lower jaw.

There are no predecessors of the incisors in the lower jaw,
but vestigial predecessors of the other antemolars have been
found, viz. Cd, Pd,, Pd,, (Pd;), Pd, (Pl. X VIM. fig. 2)-” The
remainder of Pd; consists only of a few epithelial cells.

Summary.

1. The tooth-band is continuous in the upper jaw, the con-
nection in the middle remaining. In the lower jaw the
tooth-band is divided into two halves.

2. There are most probably four incisor-germs in the upper
jaw. Imf this is true, the number of incisors is greater
than in any other monodelph with the exception of
Sorex araneus.

3. In the lower jaw there are germs of eight antemolars. In
front of the large incisor there are rudiments of two
suppressed teeth, which proves that the ancestors of
Neomys once had three incisors in the lower jaw.

4. A rudimentary canine is present in the lower jaw.

5. Rudiments of two suppressed lower premolars, P, and Ps,
are present. It is thus proved that the full set of pre-
molars once existed.

Development of the Teeth of the Soricide. 615

6. There are two dentitions in Neomys fodiens, the milk and
permanent dentitions. The former is reduced and
functionless, The milk-teeth are probably never deve-
loped, and disappear in all probability before birth. As
in Sorex, the possibility of a postpermanent dentition is
not excluded.

7. The results of the tooth-development in Neomys fodiens
may be thus expressed :-——

(ere ey — PY P?, —— Pe. Moe Ne?
Id* Id° — Pd' Pd? —— Pd‘
Cd Pd, Pd. (Pds) Pd,

I, Is Ey Ce “Py “Ps? Ps> Po MaMa Me

The functional set of teeth consists of :-—

Pee PP} P? PS Me Ne Me

ciiged.Py LP, M, M. My

CROCIDURA RUSSULA.

The germs of the permanent dentition.

As already mentioned, I have examined five foetal speci-
mens. Though not varying much in size, they represent
three stages of developmeut of the teeth—I., I1., II.

The upper jaw.

In the specimens representing stages I.-II. the tooth-band
is continuous, but its anterior part, in front of 1’, is highly
reduced.

In the specimen representing stage [II. the anterior
part is about to be absorbed, which is also true of the buds
situated on the lingual side of several teeth.

In the specimens examined I have found no definite trace
of reduced anterior incisors. In this respect Crocidura
differs from Sorex (and Neomys). These tooth-rudiments
seem to have been totally suppressed in Crocidura.

As to I’, a layer of dentine has been formed. I* is in the
bell-shaped stage. The development of 1° is retarded ; it is
in all three stages represented by a thickening of the
tooth-band.

There is no trace of a canine.

Tbe two other functional teeth ought in all probability to
be regarded as P' and P*. The tooth-germ of P! is bud-
shaped in all the three stages, and consequently retarded in

616 Dr. A. Arnbick-Christie-Linde on the

its development. How highly P* is in advance of P’ in size
is shown by the reconstruction figure (Pl. XVIII. fig. 3).

In the youngest specimens there is between P! and P* a
thickening of the tooth-band, no doubt representing P?,
which, as a rule, is suppressed in the adult animal, but in
rare cases is developed *.

As to the notation of the premolars, I refer to what is
said above about the notation of the corresponding teeth in
Neomys.

In stage III. M' is about to be calcified ; M? and M? are
bell-shaped.

The lower jaw.

The tooth-band is divided into two halves not connected
in the middle. The tooth-band between the teeth, though
reduced, is distinguishable.

There is no definite trace of a suppressed I, or T3, but I
have observed that in front of I,—the large procumbent
incisor—the buccal epithelium forms two not very deep
rather broad ingrowths in front of the germ of the last-
mentioned tooth. How these ingrowths are to be inter-
preted, whether they are remains of the tooth-band or not,
may be an open question. By the examination of younger
foetal specimens this point may possibly be decided.

The large functional incisor, being in all probability
homologous with the corresponding large teeth im Sorex
and Neomys, is designated in the same way as these, 7. e. Ty.
This tooth is about to calcify. The free deep end of the
tooth-band is swollen on the lingual side.

I have found no trace of a canine. P, and P, are in the
bell shaped stage, and on the lingual side of these two teeth
the free deep end of the tooth-band is swollen.

In stage I. a rudiment of P,, still more vestigial than
in Sorex and Neomys, is distinguishable ; in stages II. and
III. it is already absorbed.

Of P; no trace can be seen.

The lower molars have reached the same degree of develop-
ment as the upper ones, 7. e. in M, the calcification has
begun ; Mz, and M3; have the bell-shaped form.

It should be especially pointed out that there is a gap
between the lower P, and M, and that the tooth-band shows
a distinct swelling between these teeth, suggesting the
possible presence of the last trace of a suppressed tooth.

* Dobson, G. E., ‘A Monograph of the Insectivora, Systematic and
Anatomical,’ part ili. fase. 1 (London, 1890).

—_. +"

Development of the Teeth of the Soricide. 617

This is not the only case in which a tooth-germ occurs in
this place.

In Erinaceus europeus * a cup-shaped tooth-rudiment is
found behind Pd, in the lower jaw.

The milk-teeth.
The upper jaw.

In stage I. some vestigial milk-teeth are present, viz. Id‘,
Pd', and Pd‘. The first-mentioned milk-tooth is about
to be absorbed. The two others are cup-shaped (Pl. X VIII.
fig. 3). Pd’ is less reduced and is still connected with the
tooth-band (PI. XVIII. fig. 3).

I have found no predecessor of I°.

The predecessor of 1°, which is present in both Sorea and
Neomys, has disappeared in Crocidura russula, at least in the
stages in question.

Of the greatest interest is, however, the occurrence of
another tooth-rudiment—Mx—-situated between P* and M!
on the labial side of the tooth-band like the milk-teeth,
belonging no doubt to the milk-dentition (text-fig. 9). As
will be seen from the reconstruction figure, this tooth-germ
is not related to the preceding P* nor to the following M'

CPISKVITI: fig: 3).

Va TOTO WIC

aera BET ORG Tk.

Crocidura russula—Foetus (123 mm.). Upper jaw. Transverse section,
Mz, tooth-germ belonging to the milk-dention; Z/, tooth-band.
x 220. The left side of the figure represents the lingual, the right
the labial side of the jaw.

If it were regarded as a predecessor of M! this tooth would
be a premolar, a supposition which—if we agree in the most
probable view that P* in Crocidura is the homologue of P* in
Sorex (and Neomys)—would involve that Crocidura, or,
rather, its ancestors, once had five premolars.

* Leche, W., J. c. p. 23, pl. iii. figs 18 & 19.
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8, Vol. ix. AL

618 Dr. A. Arnbiick-Christie-Linde on the

The supposition that the tooth-rudiment in question
would represent the predecessor of a suppressed premolar
involves the same consequence.

But as yet nothing is known of a mammal belonging to
the Cainozoic age with more than four premolars, and the
same number is also typical of the hypothetical ancestors of
the Insectivores,

As thus the tooth-germ Mx can hardly be regarded as a
premolar, it must, of course, be a molar-rudiment. In the
following I will give further reasons for this view.

The tooth-germ Mx has been found on both sides in the
upper jaw in both the examined specimens of stage I.

In stage II. only Pd’ remains, also the tooth-rudiment
Mx has vanished, but the tooth-band between P* and M!? is
swollen.

In stage III. all the tooth-rudiments have disappeared
except a few cells of Pd’, which remain on one side.

The lower jaw.

Highly vestigial traces of Pd,, Pd,, and Pd, are present in
stage I. They are about to be absorbed.

In stage II. there is a remainder of Pd,, but in stage IIT.
every trace of the milk-dentition has disappeared. Thus the
milk-teeth in both jaws do not ecalcify and are all absorbed
before birth.

Summary.

=

. The tooth-band is continuous in the upper jaw, though
highly reduced in the middle; it is divided into two
halves in the lower jaw, as in Neomys fodiens.

Ca)

. There are no rudiments of suppressed upper teeth in front
of the large incisors: in this Crocidura differs from
Sorex (and also probably from Neomys).

8. 1’—the functional third incisor—is retarded in its deve-
lopment, and has lost its predecessor in the milk-
dentition.

4. P' is retarded in its development.

. The upper P? is present in the youngest stage, but has
lost its predecessor in the milk-dentition,.

6. There are no definite traces of suppressed teeth in front
of the large incisors in the lower jaw.

~

. A vestigial trace of the lower P, has been found.

Development of the Teeth of the Soricide. 619

S. The presence of a highly rudimentary milk-dentition is
ascertained. The milk-teeth do not calcify and are
resorbed before birth.

9. A rudimentary tooth-germ situated between the upper P'
and M', belonging to the milk-dentition and probably
representing a suppressed molar, is present.

10. The result of the tooth-development in Crocidura russula
may be expressed through the following formula :—

ook PY PS Me OM MS

Td! Pa? Pd!

Pak Pd, Pd,
I, Pryor» 24 — M, M, M,.

The functional set of teeth consists of :-—
eae os ip P* i M? M3
I, PE P, M, M, M,

Fetal specimen of a Shrew (Crocidura), body-length about 10 mm.

In the collection of microscopic preparations of the
Zootomical Institute of the University in Stockholm there
are serial sections through the head of a fetal shrew, labelled
as Neomys fodiens. By a comparison with my own prepara-
tions I have come to the conclusion that the object is not a
Neomys, but probably a Crocidura, with which animal it
agrees above all with respect to the teeth in all essential
points,

The tooth-band is continuous in the upper jaw, but divided
into two halves in the lower.

In neither jaw did I find any traces of suppressed incisors
in front of the functional large ones.

The examination of this foetus confirms the aforesaid
result that there are two dentitions in the Soricidee.

The teeth are not very much differentiated, which was to
be expected. On the labial side of the tooth-band the cup-
shaped germs of the milk-teeth are to be seen, and on the
lingual side the bud-like germs of the permanent teeth are
situated.

The germs of 1° and P* in the upper jaw and those of 1,
and P, in the lower jaw are in advance of the other teeth
and are cup-shaped.

In this foetal specimen, the youngest at my disposal, a
predecessor of I,—the large procumbent incisor—is present.
Thus, by the presence of Id, it is established that the large

41*

620 Dr. A. Arnbiick-Christie-Linde on the

functional lower incisors belong to the permanent dentition.
This fact seems to justify the conclusion that also the first
pair of upper incisors belong to the same dentition.

In this specimen Id’, which was absent in the stages
described above of Crocidura russula, is present in the upper
jaw.

Results.

The chief facts ascertained by my investigation, illustrating
the descent of the Soricidze and their relation to the other
Insectivores, are the following :—

1. The presence of more than three incisor-germs in both
jaws of Sorex araneus, and probably also in the upper
jaw of Neomys.

2. The presence of a tooth-rudiment belonging to thie
milk-dentition situated between the upper P* and M!? in
Crocidura russula.

3. The presence of other rudimentary antemolars, proving
that the Soricide once had a full set of permanent
teeth.

4. The presence of a rudimentary milk-dentition in the three
genera Sorex, Neomys, and Crocidura.

The germs of [’ and [? in the upper jaw and that of I, in
the lower jaw are to be regarded as rudimentary organs
without any function. 'T hey : are present in foetal specimens,
and disappear afterwards without attaining full development.
They are undoubtedly inherited from distant ancestors,
which consequently were to be found among polyprotodont (and
heterodont) mammals.

As is well known, the Mesozoic Mammalia—I think
especially of the Trituberculata, Osborn, which are regarded
by Osborn and several other zoologists as the ancestors of
the Insectivores—were characterized by polyprotodonty and
heterodonty. Yet no certain form among them can be
pointed to as progenitor of the Soricide. So far as I know,
no intermediate forms have been found between the Soricide,
with their enormously developed anterior incisors and their
want of canines, and the Mesozoic mammals, with their but
little specialized incisors and their highly differentiated
canines. But this may be due to the fact that the fossil
finds of Mesozoic mammals are very few in number and
consist only of incomplete fragments. Several lower jaws

Development of the Teeth of the Soricide. 621

have been found, but the fragments of the upper jaws are
rather spare.

However, the most important result of this investigation
is that the vast gap which has hitherto existed, with regard
to the number of incisors, between the polyprotodont Mammalia
—the Marsupialia included—and the Monodelphia is now
bridged over ; for by this investigation the exislence of inter-
mediate forms has been shown, germs of more than three
incisors having been found in monodelphic heterodont mammals :
Soricide.

Among now living Mammalia the Marsupialia alone are
characterized by polyprotodonty and heterodonty. But in
my opinion these points of agreement do not warrant
the conclusion that the Soricidee are descended from now
living Marsupialia*.

The said points of agreement—and possibly others too—
seem to me rather to argue in favour of the view that the
Soricidze and the Marsupialia have a common origin.

With respect to the tooth-rudiment Mx found in Croci-
dura russula 1 have already pointed out that it can hardly
be regarded as a premolar, because such a view would
involve the supposition that a progenitor once existed
having a greater number of premolars than the known recent
and Mesozoic mammals have.

It is true that in two genera, Amphitherium and Peramus,
the number of premolars exceeds four, but they are regarded
by Osborn + as exceptions: ‘‘ The almost invariable presence
of four premolars among the Mesozoic and recent mammals
is a very difficult fact toexplain. This genus [ Peramus] and
apparently Amphitherium are among the few exceptions.”

In support of an opposite opinion, 7. e. that the tooth-
germ Mx is a molar, the following facts may be alleged :—

1. A tooth-rudiment evidently belonging to the milk-
dentition has been found, but no trace of a successor is
distinguishable. All the permanent teeth are, however,
already differentiated.

2. In the Mesozoic mammals the number of molars surely
exceeded three. If really the ancestors of the Soricidz

* Ziehen, “ Das Centralnervensystem der Monotremen und Marsupi-
alier,” p. 175: Denkschriften der Med.-naturw. Gesellschaft zu Jena,
Bd. ui YT. 1 (1897).

+ Osborn, H. F., “ Additional Observations upon the Structure and
Classification of the Mesozoic Mammals,” Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila-
delphia, 1888, p. 296.

622 Dr. A. Arnbiick-Christie-Linde on the

are to be found among them, the presence of super-
numerary molars would not be unlikely, but must, on
the contrary, be expected; as already mentioned, traces
of polyprotodonty have been found.

3. In some living mammals the number of four molars is a
rule. So it is in the Marsupialia, at least according to
the general view.

In an Insectivore, Centetes ecaudatus, the presence of
four molars is quite normal *.

I only mention this fact without entering into a dis-
cussion upon the homology of the teeth.

A. In the literature I have found mentioned by Leche} one
instance of an Insectivore, Erinaceus micropus, having a
fully developed tooth (Px) situated between P* and M*in
the upper jaw. Having stated that in Erinaceus euro-
peéus the free deep end of the tooth-band is swollen like
a bud on the lingual side of P* (/. c. fig. 55), the author
concludes that the tooth Px in Erinaceus micropus has
been developed from such a lingual bud, and that, con-
sequently, this tooth is a fully developed premolar be-
longing to the postpermanent dentition, atavism being
out of the question.

I cannot agree to this view. The presence of such lingual
buds does not necessarily prove that they will be developed
into functional teeth. So far as I know, the literature
does not mention any satisfactory ontogenetic evidence of
such a development of heterodont mammalian teeth. In
general these buds are early absorbed ; this is the case in
the Soricide and, according to Leche, also in Erinaceus
europeus.

As to the ontogeny of the tooth Px in question we know
nothing at all. Though the possibility of its belonging to
the postpermanent dentition cannot be denied, itis, however,
highly improbable ; at all events it is not proved.

Another interpretation is possible, viz. that Px in Erina-
ceus micropus and Mx in Crocidura russula are homologous.
If thus the germ Mx could develop into such a tooth as Px,
and, vice versd, if Px has been developed from such a germ
as Mx, both these structures are no doubt molars. The

* Thomas, O., “ On the Insectivorous Genus Echinops, Martin, with
Notes on the Dentition of the Allied Genera,” Proc. Zool. Soe. London,
1892 ; Dobson, G. E., ‘A Monograph of the Insectiy ora, Systematic and
Anatomical, part i. (London, 1882).

t+ Leche, W,, l. ¢, p. 48, text-fig. 8, p. 154.

Development of the Teeth of the Soricide. 623

presence of these teeth would consequently be an instance of
atavism.

Whether the tooth-rudiment Mx in Crocidura russula is a
molar or premolar must, however, be left undecided. At all
events, the presence of this tooth-germ leads us back to the
Mesozoic mammals, which have a greater number of molars
(and premolars) than now living heterodont mammals (with
the exception of Myrmecobius).

In this connection it may be pointed out that if it could —
be definitely shown that Mx (which tooth-rudiment evidently
belongs to the same dentition as the milk-premolars, and has
probably been absorbed at the same time as these teeth) is a
suppressed molar, then the view that the molars belong to
the milk-dentition is fu!ly confirmed.

As has been shown above, the genus Sore# in its adult
stage has the full set of premolars in the upper jaw. In the
lower jaw a complete set of these teeth is never present, all
known Soricidz, with the exception of one species, having
only two lower premolars. But, as appears from the above,
the Soricide surely once had four premolars also in the
lower jaw. ‘This seems to be confirmed by paleontological
evidence. In Protosorer crassus Scott* has shown the
presence of four minute teeth between the molars and the
large procumbent incisors. The first and the fourth are
larger than the other two. Unfortunately he gives no figure
of them and expresses no opinion as to their homology.

Comparing Scott’s description with the result of my in-
vestigation, I daresay that the four minute teeth in question
in Protosorex crassus in all probability represent the four
premolars.

In Myosorex varius Dobson + has pointed out the presence
of arudimentary minute tooth situated between the second
and the third lower teeth, which he regards as a probable
canine, thus existing in a single species.

As a result of my investigation I venture to maintain that
this tooth is not a canine, but that it is the second premolar,
which remains, though in a rudimentary condition, in the
adult Myosorex varius, but in Sorex, Neomys, and Crocidura
is found only in foetal specimens.

* Scott, W. B., “A new Insectivore from the White River Beds,”
Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. xlvi. (1894).

+ Dobson, G. E., J. c. 1890, part iii. fase. 1; “ Mandibular Dentition of
the Shrews,’ Journ. Anat, Physiol. vol. xx. (1885-86).

624 On the Development of the Teeth of the Soricide.

Myosorex varius is thus the only living shrew which has
three premolars in the lower jaw.

My investigation has put beyond a doubt that the Soricidz
have two dentitions, the permanent and milk dentitions.
Besides these dentitions traces of a third, @. e. a prelacteal
dentition, have been found in Sorex araneus.

Comparing the three genera examined—Sorex, Neomys,
Crocidura—with each other, we find that as regards the
tooth-development they form a series, Sorex being the most
primitive and Crocidura the most advanced form, Neomys
holding an intermediate position.

In conclusion, it may be asserted that the results of this
investigation are also applicable to such other Insectivores
as are genetically connected with the Soricide, and that they
are of importance not only with regard to the order Insecti-
vora, but also to the subclass Monodelphia, as I have shown
that the Soricide are with respect to the teeth to be
regarded as intermediate forms between the polyprotodont
mammals—the Marsupialia included—and the Monodelphia.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PuaTE XVII.

Fig. 1. Sorex araneus. Foetus(11mm.). Upper jaw. Tooth-band and
germs of all antemolars in the left half of the jaw (except the
canine), and germs of the first three incisors in the right half of
the jaw and milk predecessors. Reconstruction of the ecto-
dermal parts. Zk, ectoderm; Z/, the swollen free deep end of
the tooth-band on the lingual side of I. A dotted line shows
the corresponding structure on the other side. The tooth-germs
of the left half of the jaw are seen from the labial, those of the
right half from the lingual side of the jaw. x 70.

Fig.2. Neomys fodiens. Foetus (17 mm.). Lower jaw. Tooth-band
and germs of all antemolars in the left half of the jaw, with
milk predecessors. Reconstruction of the ectodermal parts.
Ek, ectoderm ; Z/ (upper), labial ledge ; Z/ (lower), the swollen
free deep end of the tooth-band on the lingual side of ly. (Part
of I, has been removed to show the germs of I, and I; and the
swollen free deep end of the tooth-band.) The tooth-germs are
seen from the labial side of the jaw. xX 70.

Fig. 3, Crocidura russula, Foetus (123 mm., stage I.). Upper jaw.
Tooth-band and germs of the premolars and the first molar in
the left half of the jaw and milk predecessors. Reconstruction
of the ectodermal parts. Zk, ectoderm; M2, tooth-germ
belonging to the milk-dentition. The tooth-germs are seen
from the labial side of the jaw. x 70,

On new Species of Pyralide. 625

PLATE XIX.

Figs. 1, 2. Young Sorex (33 mm.). Lower jaw. Transverse sections,
showing the rudiments of the anterior incisors I,, In, Is.
Zl, tooth-band. x about 200. The right side of the figure
represents the lingual and the left the labial side of the jaw.

LXVII.— Descriptions of new Species of Pyralidze of the Sub-
Jamily Pyraustine. By Sir Grorcr I. Hampson, Bart.,
F.Z.S., &e.

(Continued from p. 444.]

(5lc) Nacoleia attenualis, sp. n.

Head and thorax yellowish white; palpi above and lower
part of frons brown; fore tibize with black band at extremity;
abdomen very long, yellowish white with slight dorsal brown
bands; claspers and anal tuft very long and rufous at
extremity. Fore wing long and narrow, yellowish white,
the costa slightly expanded at base and tinged with brown; a
subbasal dark point on inner margin; antemedial line
brown, rather strong, oblique from costa to middle of cell,
then erect ; a double. brown discoidal bar with whitish
centre ; postmedial line brown, rather strong, very slightly
incurved at discal fold, at vein 2 retracted to lower angle of
cell, then curved inwards to inner margin near antemedial
line; a terminal brown line. Hind wing yellowish white ;
a brown discoidal bar with line from it to inner margin
above tornus; postmedial line slightly bent outwards
between veins 5 and 2 where it terminates ; a rather strong
terminal brown line.

Hab. Br. E. Arrica (Gregory), 2 3 type, Mombasa
(Cholmley), 1 2, Taveta (Rogers), 1 9. Exp. 20 mm.

(53a) Nacoleia stenialis, sp. n.

Fore wing with the apex produced and acute, the termen
slightly excised below it.

3. Head and thorax white mixed with some reddish
brown, the metathorax suffused with red-brown ; palpi red-
brown above; fore tibie with brown band at extremity ;
abdomen very elongate, white dorsally tinged with red-
brown especially at base. Fore wing yellowish white, the
costal area suffused with red-brown, the terminal area rather

626 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

broadly tinged with brown from apex to vein 3; a slight
discoidal striga ; a faint postmedial line excurved from costa
to vein 5, then oblique. Hind wing semihyaline yellowish
white, the apex slightly tinged with brown.

Hab, Peru, Huancabamba, 1 g type. Lup. 34 mm.

(57 a) Nacoleia ommatalis, sp. n.

Antenne of male laminate.

6. Head and thorax yellowish white suffused with brown ;
palpi brown, white at base; pectus, legs, and abdomen
yellowish white. Fore wing yellowish white ; the basal area
suffused with brown and irrorated with a few silvery scales ;
brown spots in middle of cell and on discocellulars with some
silvery scales on them ; a brown line from vein 8 beyond the
cell curved downwards below end of cell, then upwards to
median nervure between the spots, then sinuous to vein |
before middle; a fine postmedial line arising from vein 8,
excurved at vein 7, angled inwards at vein 5, excurved and
obsolescent to vein 2, then incurved ; the apical area suffused
with brown to vein 3, leaving a pale patch on termen between
veins 6 and 4; a slight dark terminal line. Hind wing
yellowish white ; a small black discoidal spot ; a fine dark
postmedial line excurved and obsolescent between veins 5
and 2 and ending on inner margin just above tornus; a
rather diffused dark line from just below apex to termen at
vein 8, expanding into a spot in discal fold; a subterminal
spot below vein 2.

Hab. Br. E. Arrtca, Takaunga (Thomas), 1 ¢ type;
TransvaaL, White R. (Cooke), 19. Haep., 622, 226 mm.

(62 a) Nacoleia chromalis, sp. n.

?. Head and thorax pale yellow; abdomen yellowish
white. Fore wing very pale yellow, the costal area faintly
tinged with fulvous; antemedial line very indistinct, oblique
from costa to submedian fold, where there is a dark point,
then erect ; a faint dark point in middle of cell and small
discoidal spot ; postmedial line slight, punctiform, incurved
below costa, excurved between veins 5 and 2, then retracted
to below angle of cell and erect to inner margin. Hind wing
very pale yellow; a black discoidal point; postmedial line
slight, punctiform, incurved below costa, bent outwards
between veins 5 and 2, then retracted to below angle of cell
and again slightly excurved.

Hab. Bau (Doherty), 1 2 type. Eap. 20 mm.

Species of Pyralide. 627

(64c) Nacoleia retractalis, sp. u.
Hedylepta dircealis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. p. 258 (part.), nec
Wik.

_ Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous yellow tinged with
rufous; pectus and legs white, the fore tibiz and tarsi
banded with fuscous ; abdomen with white segmental lines,
defined behind by fuscous towards extremity, the ventral
surface white. Fore wing ochreous yellow tinged with
rufous ; a fuscous subbasal line, slightly angled outwards
below costa, then oblique to inner margin ; antemedial line
fuscous, oblique and slightly excurved ; a minute fuscous
annulus in middle of cell, and elliptical discoidal annulus ;
postmedial line fuscous, excurved from below costa to vein 2,
then retracted to just below angle of cell and again excurved ;
a fuscous terminal line; cilia whitish with a fuscous line
through them. Hind wing ochreous yellow tinged with
rufous ; a fuscous discoidal bar; postmedial line fuscous,
slightly incurved below costa, oblique to vein 2, then
retracted to the discoidal bar, oblique to above tornus and
bent inwards to inner margin; a fuscous terminal line ;
cilia with fuscous line at middle and white tips; the under-
side whitish with the markings indistinct.

Hab. Mexico, Teapa, Tabasco (H. H. Smith), 1 g,1 ¢
type, Godman-Salvin Coll. Ezp. 18 mm.

(65a) Nacoleia terminalis, sp. n.

6. Ochreous white; palpi except at base, head, and
tegule mostly black; tibiz with black spots; abdomen
with paired dorsal black points at base, larger spots on third
segment, and yellow-brown bands on terminal segments.
Fore wing with some black and brown markings at base of
costa and a series of black points on the costa; faint traces
of an antemedial line and discoidal spot ; the postmedial line
minutely dentate, bent inwards in discal fold, excurved to
vein 2, then almost obsolete and retracted to below end of
cell; a large black-brown patch on termen from below apex
to vein 8 and another at tornus; a terminal series of black
strie and some spots on termen. Hind wing with discoidal
black point; the postmedial line dentate, bent inwards in
discal fold, excurved to vein 2, then retracted to below end
of cell and obsolescent, distinct again towards inner margin ;
traces of a waved subterminal line; black-brown patches at
apex and tornus and a series of black terminal striz.,

Hab. Jamaica, Holly Mt. (Taylor), Newcastle, 1 g type.
Exp. 22 mm.

628 Sir G. F,. Hampson on new

(70 a) Nacoleia leucophea, sp. n.
Epichronistis dadalis, Druce, Biol, Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 559 (part.).

Head and tegulz fuscous brown; thorax white slightly
tinged with ochreous ; ; palpi white at base; pectus and legs
W hite, the fore tibiz with fuscous bands ; abdomen white,
the extremity brown above. Fore wing white, the costal and
terminal areas fuscous brown; a curved brown antemedial
line from the costal area to inner margin ; a small dark spot
at middle of cell and discoidal lunule conjoined to the dark
costal area; postmedial line brown, straight to vein 3, then
bent inwards and erect to inner margin ; cilia with ochreous-
white line at base. Hind wing white ; a small dark discoidal
spot; postmedial line brown, oblique, slightly excurved
middle ; the termen brown, slightly diffused at apex; cilia
with a brown line near base.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Champion), 1g, 1 9 type,
Godman-Salvin Coll. xp. 26 mm.

(70) Nacoleia indentata, sp. n.
Epiphronistis dadalis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 258 (part.).

?. Head and thorax white tinged with ochreous ; palpi
blackish, white at base; fore tibiz with blackish band ;
abdomen white tinged with reddish ochreous. Fore wing
white, the costal and terminal areas fuscous brown ; a slight
oblique brown antemedial line from the costal Eee to oes
inner margin ; a blackish point at middle of cell and discoidai
lunule ; postmedial line fuscous brown, excurved from below
costa to vein 8, where it is angled inwards, angled outwards
below vein 3, then retracted to below end of cell, and again
angled outwards above vein 1; cilia with a fine whitish line
at base followed by a dark line. Hind wing white; an
oblique dark discoidal bar ; postmedial line faneous brow n,
incurved below costa, slightly angled inwards below vein 3,
retracted below vein 2 to heloay end of cell, then slightly
excurved ; a terminal brown line from apex to vein 1, rather
diffused on apical area; cilia with a fine brown line near
base.

Hab, Costa Rica, Candelaria Mts. (Underwood), 1 2 type,
Godman-Salvin Coll. Hep. 34 mm.

(71 a) Nacoleia stramineata, sp. n.

Blepharomastix vilialis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 561 (nee
Guen.).

Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous white ; neck and

Species of Pyralidee. 629

shoulders dark brown ; palpi white, blackish at tips; fore
tibiz with blackish band at extremity; abdomen with sub-
dorsal blackish spots on third segment. Fore wing ochreous
white, the costal and terminal areas suffused with brown ;
an oblique slightly curved antemedial fuscous line; a black

discoidal bar ; postmedial line fuscous, excurved between

veins 5 and 2, then retracted to below end of cell and erect
to inner margin; cilia with a fine whitish lime at base and
the tips whitish. Hind wing ochreous white, the terminal
area tinged with brown ; a black discoidal striga; postmedial
line fuscous, slightly bent outwards between veins 5 and 2,
then retracted to below end of cell, and oblique to above
tornus; a fuscous terminal line and line near base of cilia.

Hab. Mexico, Tabasco, Teapa (H. H. Smith), 1 2 type,
Godman-Salvin Coll. Lap. 22 mm.

(73a) Nacoleia inflexalis, sp. n.
Blepharomastix colubralis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii, p. 268
(part.), nec Guen.
¢. Head and thorax white, the head and dorsum of thorax
tinged with reddish ochreous ; palpi blackish, white at base ;
abdomen white, with dorsal cupreous-brown lines on second
and fifth segments. Fore wing white, the costa suffused
with reddish brown ; a slight reddish-brown antemedial line,
excurved from the costal area to vein 1; a small brown
annulus at middle of cell conjoined to the brown costal area ;
a discoidal bar defined by brown and with white centre ;
postmedial line brown, incurved below costa, then straight
to vein 2, then almost obsolete and retracted to lower angle:
of cell and oblique to inner margin ; a black-brown terminal
line. Hind wing white; an oblique brown discoidal striga ;
postmedial line brown, oblique and sinuous to vein 2 just
before termen, then almost obsolete and retracted to the
discoidal bar and oblique to inner margin; a fine terminal
black-brown line.
‘Hab. Mexico, Guerrero, Omilteme (H. H. Smith), 1 3 type,
Godman-Salvin Coll. “Hap. 24 mm.

(76a) Nacoleia apertisigna, sp. n.
Blepharomastix terricolalis, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Am., Het. ii. p. 269

(part.), nec Méschl.

2. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale reddish brown suf-
fused with fuscous ; palpi blackish, white at base; pectus,
mid and hind tibiz and tarsi, and ventral surface of abdomen
white. Fore wing pale reddish brown thickly irrorated with

63 Sir G. F. Hampson on new

fuscous; an oblique slightly sinnous fuscous antemedial line;
orbicular and reniform stigmata defined by fuscous except
above, the latter bar-shaped; postmedial line fuscous,
slightly excurved below costa and incurved at discal fold,
excurved to vein 2 towards termen, then retracted to below
angle of cell and excurved above inner margin; a terminal
series of small black spots ; cilia greyish fuscous with a fine
pale line at base. Hind wing pale reddish brown thickly
irrorated with fuscous; an oblique blackish discoidal bar ;
postmedial line fuscous, excurved between veins 5 and 2,
then retracted to the discoidal bar and oblique to tornus ; a
blackish terminal line and line near base of cilia, which are
whitish at tips.

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa (Trwillo), 1 2 type, Godman-Salvin
Coll. Eap. 22 mm.

(83 6) Nacoleia euryphealis, sp. n.

Head and thorax yellow, almost entirely suffused with
fuscous brown ; palpi black, white below ; antenne ringed
with black ; abdomen yellow, tinged with brown towards
extremity ; throat white ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface
of abdomen whitish, the fore coxze and femora black in front,
the tibie and first joint of tarsi with black bands. Fore
wing yellow ; a diffused fuscous-brown patch on base of costa
extending almost to inner margin ; a medial patch on costa
with the antemedial line from its inner edge to inner
margin; a yellow discoidal lunule defined by fuscous brown
and confluent with a patch on costa; the terminal half of
costa with alternating black and yellow spots; postmedial
line fuscous brown, excurved between veins 5 and 2, then
retracted to below end of cell and slightly excurved at vein 1,
a fuscous-brown patch beyond it on inner area and the ter-
minal area fuscous brown except towards tornus; a terminal
series of black points ; cilia yellow with some fuscous at
middle. Hind wing yellow ; a black discoidal point; post-
medial line blackish, excurved between veins 5 and 2, then
retracted to below end of cell and rather diffused on inner
area, the area beyond it fuscous brown except towards
tornus ; a terminal series of blackish points ; cilia yellow
with some fuscous at middle.

Hab. N. Guinea, Milne Bay (Meek), 1 3, 1 2 type.
Exp. 14mm.

(83 ¢) Nacoleia disemalis, sp. nu.

Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow mixed with red-brown :

I i a i i ee ie

Species of Pyralide. 631

palpi black, white at base ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface
of abdomen white, the fore tibize with fuscous band. Fore
wing yellow ; asmall black spot at base of costa and diffused
subbasal fuscous bar from costa to median nervure ; acurved
maculate blackish antemedial line; a small spot in middle

of cell defined by blackish and double blackish discoidal

bar ; some blackish spots on terminal half of costa; post-
medial line dark brown, arising from costa towards apex,
slightly angled outwards below costa and oblique to discal
fold, erect to vein 2, then almost obsolete and retracted to
below end of cell and erect to inner margin; a terminal
blackish line somewhat diffused, especially towards apex ;
cilia fuscous with a punctiform whitish line at base. Hind
wing yellow, the terminal area more or less suffused with
red-brown ; a small dark discoidal spot ; postmedial line
dark brown, punctiform, excurved between veins 5 and 2,
then retracted to below end of cell and oblique to inner
margin ; a dark terminal line ; cilia fuscous with a puncti-
form whitish line at base.

Peat Borneo, Kuching (She/ford), 2 3,2 ? type. Lup.
14 mm.

(84a) Nacoleia melaprocta, sp. n.

6. Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow, the head and
thorax with black mixed, the abdomen with blackish seg-
mental lines on basal segments and black bar near extremity,
and the anal segment black with yellow dorsal streak ; palpi
fuscous, whitish at tips ; pectus, legs, and ventral surface of
abdomen whitish, the fore tibiz with fuscous band. Fore
wing yellow ; two blackish subbasal bars from costa ; ante-
medial line black, slightly sinuous, a blackish spot beyond
it below the cell; black annuli in middle of cell and on
discocellulars ; two black annuli with slight pale centres on
middle of costa and two points towards apex ; postmedial
line black, angled outwards at discal fold, excurved between
veins 5 and 2, then retracted to below end of cell and again
excurved above inner margin ; the terminal area with black
bar from apex, crenulate patch from below apex to vein 3
and dentate mark above tornus ; a terminal series of blackish
points; cilia with some fuscous at middle and tornus.
Hind wing yellow; a small black discoidal annulus ; post-
medial line black, excurved between veins 5 and 2, then
retracted to below the discoidal annulus and oblique to inner
margin ; the terminal area with diffused wedge-shaped black
patch from apex to vein 3 and oblique bar towards tornus ;

632 On new Spectes of Pyralide.

a terminal series of blackish points ; cilia with some fuscous
at middle.

Hab. Ron I. (Doherty),1 3 type. zp. 16 mm.

(85 a) Nacoleia pheopasta, sp. n.

?. Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow tinged with rufous
~ and mixed with some brown ; palpi black, white below ;
antennee ringed with black; pectus and ventral surface of
abdomen whitish, the fore tibia with black bands. Fore
wing yellow irrorated with red-brown ; a brown subbasal
bar from costa; antemedial line brown, diffused, curved ;
diffused dark spot in middle of cell and incomplete discoidal
annulus ; some blackish points on terminal half of costa ;
postmedial line brown, slightly incurved at discal fold,
excurved between veins 5 and 2, then retracted to below end
of cell and erect to inner margin; terminal area suffused
with brown towards apex and tornus; a terminal series of
slight dark points. Hind wing yellow slightly irrorated
with red-brown ; a brown Aieoidal spot ; postmedial line
diffused, brown, excurved between veins 5 and 2, then re-
tracted to the discoidal spot and oblique to inner margin ;
the terminal area with brown suffusion from apex to vein 3
and terminal series of points.

Hab. Sotomon Is., Shortland I. (Ribbe), 2 2 type, Bou-
gainville (Meek), 19. Hap. 14 mm.

(94a) Nacoleia schistisemalis, sp. n.

?. Head and thorax pale grey-brown ; palpi blackish at
tips ; frons blackish ; abdomen dorsally fuscous with grey
segmental lines; pectus and ventral surface of abdomen
whitish ; legs whitish banded with black. Fore wing greyish
suffused with pale red-brown ; a diffused oblique blackish
subbasal line; antemedial line diffused blackish, curved,
indistinct, expanding into a black spot on costa; a slight
blackish annulus in middle of cell ; a figure-of-eight-shaped
discoidal spot defined by black and with blackish streak
above it on costa ; postmedial line minutely dentate, angled
outwards below costa and inwards at discal fold, excurved
between veins 5 and 2, then incurved and with some dark
suffusion on outer side, some dark suffusion beyond it from
costa to vein 4; a terminal series of small black spots ; cilia
grey with series of small blackish spots. Hind wing greyish
suffused with fuscous brown rather deeper towards termen ;
cilia grey with a dark line through them ; the underside

On a new Species of Blepharoceride. 633

with dark discoidal spot and indistinct postmedial line,
excurved between veins 5 and 2, where it terminates.

Hab. Panama, La Chorrera (Dolby-Tyler), 12 ; Bananas,
Nassau (Bonhote), 1 2; Paraauay, Sapucay (Foster), 1 2 ;
Arcentina, Florenzia, Gran Chaco (Wagner), 1 2 type.
Lap. 22 mm.

(‘To be continued. |

LXVIII.—Description of a new Species of Blepharoceridze
from South Africa. By F. W. Epwarps, B.A., F.E.S.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)
[Plate XX.]

Members of the peculiar family of gnat-like insects, the
Blepharoceride, are known from many parts of the world,
but up to the present none have been recorded from the
Ethiopian Region ; and it therefore gives me much pleasure
to introduce a species of the family to the African fauna.

On the 4th of December of last year I received from
Mr. K. H. Barnard, of the South African Museum, a series
of fifteen specimens (13 3, 2 2), together with larvee and
pupe, of the insect described below. The adults and pup«
were taken 8. x. 1911, the larve 9. ix. 1911, at Platteklip
Gorge, Table Mt., Cape Town, at an elevation of 1000 feet.

An examination of these specimens showed them to belong
to the genus Kelloggina, which so far is only known from a
single specimen from Brazil. ‘'he generic characters given
by Williston all occur in the South African species, with one
unimportant exception. Williston states that in K. rufescens
there is a “strong oblique cross-vein connecting the fourth
vein before the anterior cross-vein with the stem of the
forked vein behind ;” in our species this cross-vein is
entirely absent in the majority of specimens, but in two or
three it is represented by a stump from the fourth vein,
continued, though faint, to just before the bifurcation of the
fifth and sixth veins. Hence, as this character is variable, I
consider that the present species comes well within the limits
of the genus Kelloggina, and propose to name it, after its
discoverer,

Kelloggina barnardi, sp. n.

3 ?.—Head, including palpi and antennz, blackish.
Antenne 14-jointed (?) or 15-jointed (¢), the joints nearly
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. ix. 42

634 On a new Species of Blepharoceride.

round and covered with a short dense pubescence, except the
last two joints, which are almost bare and in the male slightly
larger than the others. Palpi apparently 4-jointed, a little
shorter than the proboscis; first, third, and fourth joints
about equal in length, second twice as long; a little paler in
colour at the base. Proboscis nearly twice as long as the
vertical diameter of the head. Front rather broader in
female than in male. Three large ocelli present, placed in an
equilateral triangle. Pubescence of eyes short, whitish,
rather dense. Thorax: ground-colour blackish grey ; meso-
notum with velvety black markings, consisting of a median
longitudinal band, bifurcated posteriorly, and two pairs of
lateral patches; the posterior pair is sometimes more
brownish. Abdomen velvet-black, the incisures greyish
black. Wings clear, the ‘‘secondary venation” hardly
discernible even with a lens. Halteres dark brown, the knob
elongate, black. Legs dark olive-brown, with a short black
pubescence. Claws of female longer and thinner than those
of the male; in the male the claws of the fore and mid legs
bear several spines on the under side. Length of body 2°o—
3°5 mm. ; of wing 4:5 mm.

Larva.—Much resembles those previously described and
figured; there are, however, only two joints in the antenne.
Hach segment bears a median ventral sucker and a single
latero-ventral prominence on each side hairy at its tip. On
the ventral side of the last segment are four nearly spherical
anal papilla; the anal segment is not distinctly separated
from the preceding one. Hach segment (except the cephalic
and the anal) bears a pair of tufts of gill-filaments on the
ventral surface near the anterior margin; there are five
filaments in each tuft. Length of full-grown larva 6 mm.

The young larvee do not seem to differ structurally from
the full-grown ones.

Pupa.—Ancylus-shaped. Two pairs of respiratory pro-
cesses on the dorsal surface of the head-segment. ‘Three
pairs of suckers on the lateral edge of the ventral surface,
situated close to the anterior margin of the second, third, and
fourth abdominal segments. Length 4mm.; breadth 2°5 mm.;
height 1-2 mm.

Type in the British Museum,

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XX.

Fig. 1. Female imago.
Fig. 2. Hypopygium of male.
Fig. 3. Claws of male: a, front, b, mid, c, hind legs.
‘tg. 4. Larva, dorsal view. | (X 9.)
Fig. 5. Pupa, dorsal view (x 9); 5a, respiratory processes, side view.

PO er

On new Mimacreas from Tropical Africa. 635

LXIX.—Deseriptions of Two new Mimacraas from Tropical
Africa. By Hawitton H. Druce, F.L.S. &e.

Fam. Lycenida.
Mimacreea eltringhami, sp. n.

¢. Upperside : fore wing dark brown, with a broad central
orange band extending from the costa to the dorsum, angled
at vein 4. Hind wing reddish orange, darkest towards the
terminal brown border ; base brown, a linear mark closing
end of cell; a large pure white dorsal patch extending in-
wards to vein 3. Underside: fore wing as above, but paler
and with brown radiating lines at the apex. Hind wing:
basal third dark red, dusted with black scales and supporting
a number of irregular black spots; beyond this, with its
inner edge clearly defined, is a whitish central band, whiter
towards the dorsum, covered by radiating brown lines between
the veins, and reaching almost to the termen, which is
broadly brown. Thorax dark brown ; head black, with
some white spots; palpi black ; antennze black, with minute
white spots ; legs black, with white spots. Abdomen brown
above, orange below, with black spots.

@. Upperside dark smoky brown; fore wing with a
broad orange band as in g; hind wing with a pure white
median band reaching from the costa to the dorsum, and
with its inner edge more clearly defined than its outer edge ;
a linear mark closing the cell. Underside as in ¢, but
generally greyer, and with the white band of the hind wing
more clearly defined.

Expanse, ¢ 56, 2 64 mm.

Hab. Bugoma Forest, Unyoro, Uganda, B. C. Africa
(S. A. Neave, 3. xii. 1911).

Types: British Museum.

The female described above is almost exactly like the
female Planema poggei, Dewitz, in coloration on both sur-
faces, but the orange and white on the upperside of the hind
wing of the male is a type of coloration which I do not find
on any of the plates of mimetic associations given by
Mr. Eltringham in his interesting ‘ African Mimetic
Butterflies.’

Coloured drawings of both sexes have been prepared by
Mr. Horace Knight, and will be published shortly on a plate
in the ‘ Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine.’

42*

636 Mr. H. B. Preston on new Pelecypods

Mimacrea costleyi, sp. n.

3g. Allied to WZ. marshalli, Trimen, from which it differs
on the upperside by the fulvous-ochreous areas being brighter
and more extensive and by the white apical band being
broader, less oblique, more sharply defined, and touching the
ochreous area at vein 4. The portion between veins 6 and 7
projecting slightly towards the cell. The black terminal
border to the hind wing is considerably narrower than in
M. marshal. The veins of both wingssare concolorous with
the areas which they traverse, excepting the white band of
the fore wing, where they are brown, On the underside the
fore wing differs from that of MW. marshalli by the white
apical band being as described above and on the hind wing
by the ground-colour being yellow, with each vein bordered
on both sides with cream, and by a marginal row of black
sagittate markings which each black vein centres. Thorax
and palpi black; head and legs black, with a few white
spots; abdomen yellow, with a few black spots below.

Expanse 60 mm.

Hab. Mlanje, Nyasaland, British Central Africa (2. Costley-
White).

Type: British Museum.

This is a well-marked form, distinguished at once from the
insect I have compared it with by the position of the white
apical band on the fore wing.

LXX.— Characters of Six new Pelecypods and Two new
Gastropods from the Falkland Islands. By H. B.
PRESTON, F.Z.S.

[Plate XXI.]j

Levilitorina bennetit, sp.n. (Fig. 1.)

Shell minute, conically fusiform, with obtuse apex, solid,
dark brownish black; whorls 53, regularly increasing,
having a somewhat roughened and weathered appearance,
the last whorl rather swollen ; suture impressed ; columel'a
descending in a curve ; peristome continuous, slightly dilated
below, elsewhere thickened, but not reflexed; aperture
roundly ovate ; interior of shell livid blackish violet.

Alt. (nearly) 2°25, diam. maj. (nearly) 1:25 mm.

Hab, Port Stanley Harbour, Falkland Islands ; associated
with Tonicia (A. G. Bennett).

and Gastropods from the Falkland Islands. 637

Lavilitorina latior, sp.n. (Fig. 2.)

Shell ovately fusiform, rather broad in proportion to its
height, semicorneous, dark blackish brown, shading to a
_ yellowish brown behind the labrum, and having a broad
basal band of the same colour; whorls 5, the last considerably
swollen, having a somewhat weathered appearance under
the microscope, and marked only with transverse lines of
growth; suture well impressed; columella very obliquely
descending above, somewhat sharply curved below; labrum
continuous, slightly dilated below, simple on the outer side
and callously thickened in the parietal region; aperture
broadly ovate; interior of shell shining, brownish purple
except towards the base, where it is yellowish brown ; oper-
culum thin, horny, polished, shining, with excentric nucleus
and having three or four convolutions.

Alt. 4°5, diam. maj. 3°25, diam. min. 2°5 mm.

Aperture: alt. 2°75, diam. 1:75 mm.

Hlab. Port Stanley Harbour, Falkland Islands (A. G.
Bennett).

Nucula falklandica, sp.n. (Fig. 3.)

Shell small, obliquely ovate, moderately solid, covered
throughout with a cream-coloured periostracum, marked
with coarse concentric strice and broad, rather closely set,
radiate costulee, which are more apparent towards the ventral
margin; margin of shell finely crenellate by the terminations
of the radiate costule ; umbones large, slightly prominent,
highly iridescent; dorsal margin rounded anteriorly, rapidly
sloping posteriorly ; ventral margin rounded ; anterior side
rounded above, obliquely curved below ; posterior side very
slightly curved, almost vertically descending, serrated ;_ hinge-
teeth coarse and somewhat distant in both valves ; interior
of shell shining, pearly, bluish white.

Long. 3, lat. 2°5 mm.

flab. Port Stanley, Falkland Islands; taken from the
stomach of a fish (A. G. Bennett).

Cyamium bennett?, sp.n. (Fig. 4.)

Shell thin, obtusely cuneiform, white, iridescent, covered
with a thin cream-coloured periostracum, sculptured with
fine concentric growth-lines; both valves radiately angled
posteriorly ; umbones moderately large and prominent ;
dorsal margin anteriorly concavely sharply sloping, poste-
riorly coneavely gently sloping ; ventral margin very gently

638 Mr. H. B. Preston on new Pelecypods

rounded; anterior side obtusely rounded ; posterior side
sloping above, rounded below, subtruncate ; right valve
bearing two teeth, of which the anterior is very broad and
squarish and the posterior broad at the base somewhat
narrowing but obtuse at the apex; left valve bearing a coarse,
rounded, nodulous, anterior tooth and a narrow, slightly
curved, ‘posterior tooth ; hinge-plates moderately short and
pote ; interior of shell white.

Long. 3°5, lat. 5°75 mm.

Hab. Port Stanley, Falkland Islands ; from the stomachs
of fish (A. G. Bennett).

Cyamium exvasperatum, sp.n. (Fig. 5.)

Shell small, ovate, white, somewhat iridescent, sculptured,
especially towards tle ventral margin, with concentric
growth-ridges; umbones moderately large, not prominent ;
dorsal mar gin rather convexly sloping posteriorly, slightly
concavely sloping anteriorly ; ventral margin very slightly
curved; anterior side rounded ; posterior side somewhat
truncate ; anterior cardinal in right valve broad, oblique,
posterior cardinal small, very oblique ; anterior cardinal in
left valve small, very oblique, somewhat curved above, poste-
rior cardinal short, broad; hinge-plates considerably pro-
jecting, especially in left valve ; interior of shell white.

Long. 3°25, lat. 4°5 mm.

Hab. Port Stanley, Falkland Islands; taken from the
stomachs of fish (A. G. Bennett).

Cyamium pisctum, sp.n. (Fig. 6.)

Shell subrectangular, rather thin, white, iridescent, showing
traces of having “been covered with a thin, pale yellowish-
brown periostracum, sculptured with fine concentric striz,
especially towards the ventral margin ; umbones large, some-
what prominent ; dorsal margin anteriorly sloping, angularly
excavated, posteriorly gently sloping ; ventral margin
slightly contracted in the median region; anterior side
rounded ; posterior side obtusely rounded, slightly produced ;
right valve bearing a large, nodulous, anterior cardinal and
a small, oblique, posterior cardinal tooth; left valve bearing
a rather fine, oblique, anterior cardinal and a stronger and
less oblique posterior cardinal tooth ; hinge-plate mode-
rately projecting except in the nght valve in front of the

a Se ee eS esl eee

and Gastropods from the Falkland Islands, 639

anterior cardinal tooth, where it considerably overhangs the
interior of the shell; interior of shell white.

Long. 2°5, lat. 4°25 mm.

flab. Port Stanley, Falkland Islands; taken from thie
stomachs of fish (A. G. Bennett).

A great many specimens of the above three species have
been opened, and in nearly every case they have been found
1o bear a more or less number of pearly blisters ; sometimes
these occur not only on the inner surface of the valves, but
also on the hinge-plate, giving at first sight the idea that a
complicated system of teeth is exposed to view.

Davisia* bennetti, sp.n. (Fig. 7.)

Shell suborbicular, almost equilateral, rather solid, cream-
coloured, slightly iridescent, concentrically striate ; umbones
not very large, prominent ; dorsal margin anteriorly arched,
posteriorly sloping; ventral margin and anterior and poste-
rior sides rounded; right valve bearing an obsolete cardinal
tooth, a narrow, erect, anterior and a broader and curved
posterior lateral ; left valve bearing a small, slightly oblique,
pointed cardinal tooth, a weak anterior and a broader, much
stronger and curved posterior lateral ; interior of shell white.

Long. 3°5 (about), lat. 3°75 mm.

Hab. Port Stanley, Falkland Islands; taken from the
stomachs of fish (A. G. Bennett).

Davisia concentrica, sp.n. (Fig. 8.)

Shell small, subovate, moderately solid, white, coarsely
concentrically striate throughout ; umbones large and some-
what prominent; dorsal margin anteriorly sloping, posteriorly
more gradually so; ventral margin gently rounded, as are
also the anterior and posterior sides ; right valve bearing a
short, straight, rather weak cardinal tooth, an angular ante-
rior lateral and an elongate posterior lateral tooth, biangulate
in the median part ; left valve bearing a badly defined oblique
cardinal and somewhat elongate weak laterals on either side ;
hinge-plates projecting more in the right than in the left
valve; interior of shell white.

Long. 2°25, lat. (nearly) 2°75 mm,

Hab. Port Stanley, Falkland Islands; taken from the
stomachs of fish (A. G. Bennett).

* Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1910, vol. v. p. 118.

640 Mr. W. L. Distant on new

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXI.

Fig. 1. Levilitorina bennetti, sp.n., x 2.
Fig. 2. latior, sp.n., X 8.

Fig. 3. Nucula falklandica, sp. n., X 8.
Fig. 4. Cyamium bennetti, sp. n., X 8.
Fig. 5. exasperatum, sp. 0., X

Fig. 6. piscium, sp. D., X 8.

Fig. 7. Davisia bennetti, sp. a. o% o-
Fig. 8. concentrica, sp. 0., X 8

LXXi.—New Genera and Species of Rhynchota
(Homoptera). By W. L. Disranr.

Fam. Cicadide.

Pycna neavet, sp. n.

Head and pronotum ochraceous; head with a transverse
fascia near base of front, continued across anterior angles of
vertex, a transverse fascia to vertex enclosing the ocelli and
two rounded spots on each side before eyes, black ; pronotum
with a transverse fascia near anterior margin, a central
longitudinal fascia widened posteriorly, the fissures, lateral
and posterior margins (the last very narrowly), and an oblique
fascia on lateral membrane near posterior angles, black ;
mesonotum and abdomen above castaneous ; pronotum with
three elongate black spots and a rounded spot before each
anterior angle of the cruciform elevation, black ; mesonotal
margins and the tympanal coverings ocliraceous; the last
two abdominal segments cretaceously tomentose; body
beneath and legs ochraceous, the opercula paler in hue, space
between face and eyes with transverse black streaks, longi-
tudinal suleation to face black; femora more ae less
annulated and marked with black, tibizw castaneous, tarsi
piceous; apex of rostrum black; tegmina hyaline, about
basal half opaque, fuscous, with piceous spots and a hyaline
spot beyond middle of radial area, costal membrane ochra-
ceous with a black spot at a short distance from base, beyond
the basal opaque area the transverse veins at the bases of
apical areas are broadly piceous on each side, the longitudinal
veins to apical areas with a piceous spot before and a smaller
spot at their apices ; wings hyaline, with the basal two-thirds
brownish ochraceous, opaque, the veins of the same colour ;

Genera and Species of Rhynchota. G41

head (including eyes) only about or little more than two-
thirds the width of base of mesonotum; pronotal lateral
margins ampliate, the angular apices reaching base of basal
cell of tegmina, these margins are rounded anteriorly,
truncate at middle, thence oblique to basal margin, basal
‘marginal area transversely wrinkled ; abdomen in male as
long as pronotum and mesonotum together, including the
basal cruciform elevation; rostrum reaching the basal seg-
ment of abdomen ; opercula in male short, transverse, not
passing the basal abdominal segment, slichtly rounded
laterally and posteriorly, not meeting internally ; ; anterior
femora with two strong spines near apices, posterior tibic
with some long spines on each side beyond middle.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 26, 9 27 mm.; exp. tegm., ¢ 81,
9 87 mm.

Hab. Nyasaland ; between Ft. Mangoche and Chikala
Boma, about 4000 ft. (S. A. Neave, Brit. "Mus.).

A species allied to P. hecuda, Dish

Dundubia helena, sp. n.

Body and legs brownish ochraceous ; apical spot to front
of head, lateral and posterior margins of pronotum, posterior
margin “of metanotum, tympanal coverings, narrow posterior
segmental margins to ‘abdomen above, opercula, and abdomen
beneath, pale ochraceous; tegmina and wings hyaline, the
venation brownish or pale ochraceous ; ; head about as long as
pronotum, the front large and convex, about twice as broad
at its base as the length. of the anterior margins of the lobes
of vertex; lateral margins of the pronotum distinctly toothed ;
abdomen very little longer than space between apex of head
and base of cruciform elevation; opercula in male long,
extending to base of sixth abdom inal segment, strongly con-
cavely narrowed on each side near base and thence convexly
ampliated ; rostrum scarcely reaching the posterior coxe ;
second apical area of the tegmina little more than half the
length ot the first.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 35 mm.; exp. tegm. 88 mm.

Hab. N. India ; Dehra Dun (Brit. Mus.).

Allied to D. mannifera, Linn., but differing in the shape
of the opercula, which are strongly concavely narrowed on

each side near base; the second apical area to the tegmina is

very short, distinctly shorter than the corresponding area in
D: mannifer a.

642 Mr. W. L. Distant on new

Meimuna cassandra, sp. n.

Head black, with the following ochraceous markings—a
spot at apex of front and lateral striations to same, lateral
margins of vertex, inner margins to eyes, and suffusions at
area of ocelli; pronotum ochraceous, two central fasciz, an
elongate spot on each side of disk, the fissures, and lateral
posterior margins, black ; mesonotum ochraceous, with five
longitudinal black fasciz, the three central shortest and con-
nected posteriorly, the lateral fascize longest and broadest and
containing a basal ochraceous spot, a large transverse black
spot in front of the cruciform elevation ; abdomen above
black, the posterior segmental margins pale ochraceous, two
lateral brownish spots before middle; tympanal coverings
very pale ochraceous; body beneath and legs ochraceous ;
transverse striations and central sulcation (excluding base) to
face, a transverse spot between face and eyes, posterior areas
of cheeks, lateral areas of clypeus, and central spots to the
Jast two abdominal segments, black; tegmina and wings
hyaline, the venation fuscous, tegmina with the basal veins
to the second and third apical areas lightly intuscate; head
(including eyes) about as broad as base of mesonotum, area
of the ocelli distinctly centrally sulcate; lateral margins of
the pronotum distinctly, acutely toothed before middle ;
rostrum reaching the posterior cox ; opercula reaching the
third abdominal segment, their outer margins subparallel,
inwardly widest but not meeting near posterior coxz, inner
margins oblique, apices narrowly rounded.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 28 mm. ; exp. tegm. 72 mm.

Hab. N. India; near Dehra Dun (Brit. Mus.).

In superficial appearance strongly resembling JV. opalifera,
Walk., trom Corea and Japan, but differing very much in thie
shape of the opercula in the male, in Walker’s species these
being narrowed and angulated at apices.

Khimbya immsi, sp. 0.

Body and legs ochraceous ; two transverse black lines (not
meeting medially) on anterior margin of front, two linear
black transverse spots (sometimes indistinct) on each marginal
area of vertex before eyes, the interior margins of which are
also black ; mesonotum with four ill-defined obconical spots
and four minute black spots on its anterior margin; abdo-
minal segments above with transverse darker suffusions ;
bases of metasternum and first abdominal segment beneath
black; tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation, costal

Genera and Species of Rhynchota. 643

membrane and extreme base of tegmina, and upper inner
margin of abdominal area to wings, ochraceous ; head con-
siderably shorter than space between eyes ; pronotum with
the lateral margins sinuate, obtusely and subangularly pro

minent before middle; tympana imperfectly covered, the
flaps shorter and narrower than tympanal cavities ; rostrum
almost reaching the posterior coxee; opercula in male inwardly
obliquely divergent, extending to about the apex of third
abdominal segment, their apices somewhat broadly rounded.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 23-27 mm.; exp. teem. 67-74 mm.

Hab. Assam ; Goalpara (Brit. Mus.).

This species, which was sent me by Dr. A. D. Imms,
Forest Zoologist to the Government of India, can be separated
from the other Indian species of the genus as yet described
by the broader apices of the opercula and the non-infuscate
transverse veins to tegmina.

Fidicina sawyeri, sp. n.

2. Head, pronotum, and mesonotum more or less oliva-
ceous ; head with a transverse black fascia in front of and
enclosing the ocelli; mesonotum with two short, anterior,
obscure spots only denoted outwardly by their black margins,
a spot at each anterior angle and a transverse central spot at
anterior margin of the cruciform elevation black ; abdomen
above black, palely pilose, the middle of the three basal seg-
ments olivaceous ; body beneath and legs ochraceous, central
suleation to face, apex of rostrum, and spines to anterior
femora, black ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the venation oliva-
ceous or piceous, both yellowish green on basal area (including
basal cell of tegmen) and bright sanguineous at posterior
base of tegmen and occupying upper two-thirds of abdominal
area to wings; metasternum transversely elevated and
anteriorly produced to about the intermediate cox ; head
(including eyes) about as wide as base of mesonotum; eyes
not porrect ; head centrally, longitudinally compressed, and
also longitudinally impressed before eyes ; lateral margins of
the pronotum a little sinuate near base, obliquely recurved
at the basal lateral angles.

Long., excl. tegm., 2? 33 mm.; exp. tegm. 108 mm.

Hab. Brazil ; near Rio de Janeiro (Z#. EZ. Sawyer, Brit.
Mus.).

This species is intermediate between F’. sericans, Stal, and
F. rosa-cordis, Walk.; the tegmina are unspotted as in
sertcans, and the basal area of the wings has the beautiful
markings of Walker’s species. A female specimen only being
available, it is impossible to give the differential characters of
the opercula.

644 | Mr. W. L. Distant on new

Odopea degiacomit, sp. n.

Head, pronotum, and mesonotum black ; a spot at apex of
front, a spot on each lateral margin, and a broken irregular
basal fascia to vertex testaceons, the latter containing a small
black spot on each side; pronotum with the lateral and basal
margins, posterior lateral margins of mesonotum, the cruci-
form elevation, and abdomen above and beneath, testaceous ;
head beneath, sternum, legs, tympanal coverings, and oper-
cula black ; anterior central spot to face, a marginal spot
between face and eyes, anterior margins of cheeks, rostrum,
cox, a subapical annulation to anterior femora, apices of all
the femora, a subbasal annulation to the intermediate tibia,
the whole of the posterior tibize (excluding base), and the
posterior tarsi, testaceous; tegmina and wings creamy
hyaline, the venation black or fuscous; tegmina with the
costal membrane and costal area, basal cell, the oblique vein
at apex of radial area, and the transverse veins at bases of
apical areas distinctly black ; wings with the inner and outer
margins of abdominal area, and a narrow posterior margin,
distinctly black; tympanal coverings outwardly complete,
the orifices only exposed inwardly ; opercula in male short,
transverse, not extending beyond base of abdomen, and almost
meeting inwardly; rostrum reaching the posterior coxe ;
head (including eyes) about equal in width to base of meso-
notum; pronotum with the lateral areas broadly, subangularly
produced.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 37 mm. ; exp. tegm. 101 mm.

Hab. Brazil; Santos (coll. Dr. de Giacomi).

The nearest ally of this distinct species is O. strig/pennis,
Walk., from Haiti.

UHLEROIDES, gen. nov.

3. Head slightly shorter than pronotum, front considerably
shorter than vertex, lateral margins of both nearly con-
tinuous and both centrally, longitudinally finely suleate ;
ocelli a little farther apart from eyes than from each other,
vertex impressed between ocelli and eyes, the latter scarcely
projecting beyond the anterior pronotal angles ; pronotum
shorter than mesonotum, the lateral margins moderately
ampliate but not angulate ; mesonotum shorter than head
and pronotum together; abdomen about as long as space
between apex of head and base of cruciform elevation ;
tympanal coverings globose and projecting beyond the lateral
margins of the abdomen, outwardly complete, the orifices

Genera and Species of Rhynchota. 645

only exposed inwardly ; opercula not extending beyond base
of abdomen, laterally and apically ronnded, not meeting
internally ; rostrum reaching the posterior coxe; face
Jonger than broad, lateral margins a little sinuate near base,
fine sly centrally sulcate on posterior half, strongly transversely
striate, the lateral margins a little broadly reflexed ; tegmina
three times as long as broad, hyaline, eight apical areas,
basal cell longer than broad ; wings about half as long as
tegmina, six apical areas ; anterior femora armed with “two
spines beneath.

I name this genus after my friend Dr. P. R. Uhler, who
sent me the species on which it is founded. It is placed in
my division Zammararia and differs from all other genera of
that group by the greatly produced tympanal coverings.

Uhleroides cubensis, sp. n.

3. Body more or less pale brownish ochraceous; head
with central margin and longitudinal line to front, area of
ocelli, and two obliquely transverse lines between ocelli and
eyes, black; pronotum with a central fascia broadened
anteriorly, the fissures, inner lateral margins, two discal
longitudinal spots and a spot at centre of inner basal margin,
black ; mesonotum with the margins of two central obconical
spots, a more broken sublateral fascia on each side, a central
fascia before the cruciform elevation and a spot before each
anterior angle of same, black; tympana pale ochraceous,
their apical angles margined with fuscous ; head beneath,
sternum, legs, and rostrum pale ochraceous ; ; anterior
margins between face and eyes, anterior striations to face
and apex of rostrum, black; abdomen beneath piceous, the
lateral margins broadly ochraceous ; tegmina and wings
hyaline, venation ochraceous or piceous ; “tegmina with the
costal membrane and postcostal area ochraceous, the trans-
verse veins at the apices of the three upper ulnar areas and
the apices of the longitudinal veins to apical areas infuscate ;
structural characters as in generic diagnosis.

Long., excl. tegm., 20 mm. ; exp. tegin. 64 mm.

Hab. Cuba (Brit. Mus.).

TUGELANA, gen. nov.

Head short and broad, including eyes about as broad as
base of mesonotum, vertex more than twice as broad as long,
ocelli farther apart from eyes than from each other, eyes
obliquely directed backward ; face a little longer than broad,

646 Mr. W. L. Distant on new

very broadly longitudinally sulcate, lateral areas transversely
striate; pronotum almost as long as mesonotum, the lateral
margins roundly ampliate, twice as broad at base as long,
the fissures profound, anterior margin truncate, posterior
margin very slightly sinuate at middle; abdomen in male
about as long as space between the apex of head and base of
cruciform elevation ; tympana partly exposed, the coverings
being a little shorter and considerably narrower inwardly ; 5
rostrum reaching the posterior coxe; opercula in male
scarcely extending beyond base of abdomen, not meeting
inwardly, obliquely transverse, laterally and apically rounded ;
anterior femora incrassated, with two short but broad teeth at
apex ; tegmina more than twice as long as broad, opaque,
basal cell slightly longer than broad, ulnar areas moderately
elongate, apical areas ‘eight, the uppermost long and narrow ;
wings a little more than half the length of tegmina, apical
areas SIX.

This is one of the few Ethiopian genera belonging to the
subfamily Geanine, and may be placed near the genus
Hamza; like that genus, apart from the tympanal structural
characters, it has a superficial resemblance to the genus
Platypleura.

Tugelana butleri, sp. n.

3. Body and legs ochraceous; lateral areas of the
abdomen above very broadly fuscous ; two black punctures
on each side of ocelli; mesonotum with indications of four
darker obconical spots ; tegmina pale brownish ochraceous,
opaque, the venation and costal membrane paler ochraceous,
a prominent dull milky white spot crossing the two upper
ulnar areas, and some more obscure pale suffusions on thie
apical areas ; wings bright ochraceous, the apical areas more
or less apically infuseate, the membrane cre eamy white;
vertex incised between the ocelli; legs longly pilose;
posterior tibiae spined on each side beyond middle, other
structural characters as in generic diagnosis.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 15 mm.; exp. tegm, 48 mm.

Hab. Zululand ; Maputa.

Dy. As Butler received this species from one of his
correspondents and kindly placed the same in the National
Collection ; the species bears his name.

Quintilia pomponia, sp. n.

9. Head black, anterior margin of front with some
obscure yellow spots, ocelli testaceous ; pronotum brownish

Genera and Species of Rhynchota, 647

ochraceous, somewhat thickly pilose, with a broad central
black fascia widened anteriorly and posteriorly and enclosing
a central longitudinal ochraceous line, obscure black oblique
fascize on each lateral area, and the posterior margin also
more or less suffused with black ; mesonotum black, with two
obconical spots margined with ochraceous and with more or
less well-defined ochraceous suffusions; abdomen above
black, pilose, the posterior margins of the segments faintly
narrowly paler ; body beneath black, strongly palely pilose,
disk of abdomen ochraceous, with central black spots ; legs
black or piceous; cox, trochanters, bases of femora and
basal annulations to intermediate and posterior tibiz, ochra-
ceous; face and rostrum black, the lateral areas of the first
strongly palely pilose, basal annulation to the latter ochra-
ceous ; tegmina and wings hyaline, narrowly ochraceous at
base; tegmina with the costal membrane and basal cell
ochraceous, apical vein to radial area, apical vein to lower
ulnar area, basal yein to second apical area, and a spot near
middle of lower vein to third ulnar area infuscate ; wings
with the bases of the apical areas (excluding sixth), a large

spot near inner apex of abdominal area, and two more obscure
basal spots, black or fuscous ; head (including eyes) narrower
than base of mesonotum ; posterior angles of pronotum broadly
ampliate ; mesonotum (including cruciform elevation) about
aslong as head and pronotum together; abdomen robust,
longer than space between apex of head and base of cruciform
elevation ; tegmina about three times as long as broad.

Long., excl. tegm., 2 19 mm.; exp. tegm. 49 mm.

Hab. North India ; near Dehra Dun (Brit. Mus.),

Allied to Q. subvitta, Walk., but a larger species ; tegmina
and wings with considerably less fuscous markings, the two
upper ulnar tegminal areas longer, the second not onl
longer but much more attenuated anteriorly, basal cell dis-
tinetly broader, lateral margins of pronotum more angulate
anteriorly ; abdomen longer than in corresponding sex of
Q. subvitta.

JAFUNA, gen. nov.

Head long, porrect, about as long as the pronotum, front
porrectly produced, triangular, the apex subacute, longitudi-
nally suleate, vertex prominent at its anterior lateral angles,
centrally longitudinally incised, the ocelli nearer to each
other than to eyes; eyes longer than broad; pronotum
shorter than mesonotum, more or r less centrally longitudinally
incised, the posterior lateral angles moderately backwardly

648 Mr. W. L. Distant on new

produced; abdomen in male long, somewhat globular, apically
attenuated, much longer than space between apex of head
and base of cruciform elevation ; tympana entirely exposed ;
rostrum scarcely reaching the intermediate coxze ; face com-
pressed, centrally flattened, the sides transversely striate ;
antenne robust and prominent ; opercula in male scarcely
extending beyond base of abdomen, outwardly oblique,
apically roundly truncate, not meeting internally ; tegmina
and wings hyaline; tegmina three times as long as broad,
basal cell much longer than broad, second ulnar area sub-
quadrate, apical areas eight ; wings with five apical areas.

Allied to Rhinopsalta, Melich., but differing by the tegmina
possessing eight apical areas, not seven as in Melichar’s
genus ; head with the front not acutely produced.

Jafuna melichari, sp. n.

Body and legs greenish ochraceous ; head with the margins
of front, the antenne, lateral margins of pronotum, and
posterior segmental margins to abdomen, black ; apices of
tibia and the tarsi carmine-red, the latter apically black ;
opercula pale green, with their margins again distinctly paler ;
tegmina and wings hyaline, the veins greenish on basal,
piceous on apical areas ; a distinct black foveate spot near each
anterior angle of the basal cruciform elevation, these anterior
angles being also black ; other structural characters as in
generic diagnosis.

Long., excl. tegm., 16 mm. ; exp. tegm. 42 mm.

Hab. Madagascar; Tamatave (Brit. Mus.).

BIJAURANA, gen. nov.

Allied to Taipinga, Dist. (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7)
xvi. p. 210 (1905), but the tegmina with only seven apical
areas, the first and seventh areas about equal in length ;
front very much shorter than vertex, which is distinetly
longitudinally suleate at base ; pronotum a little longer than
head, the lateral margins oblique, slightly sinuate, the
posterior angles moderately, subangularly ampliate; abdo-
men longer than space between apex of head and base of
cruciform elevation; tympana entirely exposed; opercula
in male about reaching base of abdomen, not meeting
internally, apical margins obliquely rounded ; rostrum
reaching the intermediate cox.

Bijaurana typica, sp. n.

Body and legs dull ochraceous ; ocelli red; eyes piceous ;

Genera and Species of Rhynchota. 649

mesonotum with more or less distinct indications of four ob-
conical darker spots ; tegmina and wings hyaline, the former
with the venation ochraceous, the costal margin narrowly
black, the latter with the veins ochraceous, the upper half of

‘the abdominal area and the outer margin of same palely

infuscate, opaque ; head (including eyes) a little narrower
than base of mesonotum ; rostrum piceous, reaching the
intermediate cox ; face somewhat compressed, longer than
broad, distinctly, finely, centrally sulcate, the transverse
striations somewhat obscure.

Long., excl. tegm., 124 mm. ; exp. tegm. 29 mm.

Hab. Nepal; Bijaura (Ind. & Brit. Muss.).

Bijaurana sita, sp. n

d. Head almost totally black, ocelli red; pronotum dull
ochraceous with some piceous suffusions ; mesonotum ochra-
ceous, with four large black obconical spots, the two central
spots shortest; abdomen above ochraceous, a central fascia
and marginal segmental spots pitchy brown; body beneath
and legs ochraceous, space between face and eyes, rostrum,
and a central basal spot to abdomen piceous ; tegmina and
wings hyaline, both marked as in the preceding species
(BL. typica); pronotum centrally distinctly and somewhat
beard longitudinally sulcate, by which character—apart
from coloration—it principally differs from B. typica.

Long., excl. tegm., ¢ 12 mm. ; exp. tegm. 29 mm.

fTab, India ; ; United Provinces (Brit. Mus.).

A female specimen from Nepal, belonging to the Indian
Museum, may prove to be the other sex of this species.

Melampsalta zenobia, sp. n.

Body above black, shortly greyishly pilose ; lateral margins
of vertex, margins and a central fascia to pronotum, margins
anda large discal anteriorly triangulated spot to mesonotum,
cruciform elevation, tympana, and posterior segmental margins,
testaceous red ; body beneath and legs reddish testaceous ;
ay (excluding margins), cheeks, bases of tibice, tarsi (more

r less), and a central spot at base of abdomen, black ;
Riteuts ochraceous, greyishly pilose; rostrum not extending
beyond the intermediate cox ; tegmina and wings hyaline,
the venation reddish or fuscous ; ; wings with the 1 margins of
the abdominal area more or less fuscous.

Long., excl. tegm., 15-15} mm. ; exp. tegm. 36 mm,
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. ix. 43

650 Mr. W. L. Distant on new

Hab. Nepal ; Gowchar, Thankote, Nagorkote (Ind. & Brit.
Muss.).

Allied to M. literata, Dist., but differing in the narrower
and more elongate face, different coloration and markings, Ke.

Fam. Fulgoride.
Subfam. Jssrvz.

DELHINA, gen. nov.

Head (including eyes) very slightly narrower than anterior

margin of pronotum, vertex concave, transverse, broader
than long, lateral margins strongly ampliately ridged,
anterior margin a little sinuate; face with the greatest
breadth about equal to greatest length, the anterior margin
strongly concave, the disk moderately convex and tricarinate,
the lateral mar gins ampliately ridged and narrowing towards
clypeus ; clypeus about as long as ‘the lateral margins of face,
tumid and very distinctly centrally carinate ; ‘pronotum a
little shorter than vertex of head, the base truncate, the
anterior margin convexly rounded between the eyes; meso-
notum subtriangular, somewhat faintly tricarinate and with a
short carination near each anterior angle; abdomen broad,
slightly tumid above, flattened beneath ; posterior tibix
with two strong spines, posterior tarsi with the basal joint
longest 5 tegmina as long as greatest length of body, con-
siderably narrowed towards apex, costal margin arched and
convex at basal area, costal membrane broad, transversely,
obliquely, somewhat reticulately veined, longitudinal veins
more or less reticulately connected towards apical area, claval
veins more or less transversely connected; wings much
broader than tegmina, the margins convex, a moderately deep
fissure on apical margin near apex, reticulately veined.

Allied to Gelastyra, Kirk. (Cibyra, Stal).

Delhina eurybrachydoides, sp. n.

Head and pronotum pale fuscous brown ; pronotum with
distinct darker longitudinal fascia, about five in number ;
abdomen above testaceous red; body beneath and legs
brownish ochraceous ; femora more or less annulated with
piceous; abdomen beneath with segmental transverse black
fasciz ; tegmina dull ochraceous, much mottled with piceous,
these suffusions appearing as a short, broad, oblique fascia
near base, extending frem costa to about middle of tegmen ;
wings golden yellow, apical margin on each side of fissure

Genera and Species of IRhynchota. 651

broadly piceous ; face moderately piceous, more ochraceous

Long., excl. tegm., 94 mm. ; exp. tegm. 25 mm.

Hab, Eastern Himalayas (Brit. Mus.).

Subfam. Rroavriwz.
Ricanoptera variegata, sp. n.

Vertex of head, pronotum, and mesonotum blackish, more
or less thickly covered with greenish or greenish-ochraceous
pubescence ; abdomen above, body beneath, and legs ochra-
ceous ; tegmina with about the basal fourth greenish pubes-
cent, central area greyish suffused with blackish and
containing a prominent central black spot, apical area more
distinctly piceous, costal margin ochraceous spotted with
black ; wings very pale fuliginous, the veins a little darker ;
posterior tibiz with two spines; vertex of head narrow,
transverse, its anterior angles shortly spinous before eyes ;
pronotum centrally carinate; mesonotum tricarinate, the
outer carinations bifurcate anteriorly.

Long., excl. tegm., 54 mm, ; exp, tegm. 17 mm,

Hab. Ceylon; Puttalam (Green, Brit. Mus.).

Allied to &. opaea, Dist,

Getulia montana, sp. n.

Body and legs dull virescent. or greenish ochraceous ;
anterior margin of vertex narrcwly piceous ; abdomen above
with a transverse fascia before middle, followed by a broken
longitudinal fascia, piceous ; legs and rostrum more ochra-
ceous than virescent; tegmina and wings hyaline, the
venation fuscous, the tegmina with a somewhat large and
distinct fuscous marginal spot at end of costal membrane, the
wings with a distinct fuscous spot at apex of abdominal area ;
anterior margin of vertex angulate, tlhe apices of its lateral
margins angularly prominent ; mesonotum distinctly longi-
tudinally tricarinate ; face much longer than broad, the
lateral margins nearly subparallel ; tegmina with the costal
membrane distinctly arched and broad, narrowed at base and
apex.

Long., excl, tegm., 5 mm, ; exp. tegm. 17 mm,

Hab. BK. Himalayas; Kurseong, 5000 ft.; Darjiling,
6000 ft. (Brit. & Ind. Muss.).

Allied to G. nitgrovenosa, Melich., but the face longer

43%

652 Dr. H. Brauns on new

and its Jateral margins nearly straight, not widened towards
clypeus; the fuscous spot to wings sometimes absent.

Synonymical Note.

Genus TAMBUSANA.

Tambusa, Dist. Insect, Transvaal. p. 216 (1908), nom. preeoce.
Tambusana, i. nom.

LXXII.—Two new Species of Palarus from S. Africa.
By Dr. H. Brauns.

THE following two Palarus species form amongst the known
South-African species, and together with P. combert, Turner,
a distinct group.

Mr. Turner, in “ Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera.—IV.,”
Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 8, vol. vii., May 1911, divides
the species of Palarus known to him with certainty into five
groups, according to the apical abdominal segment of the
miales.) 2. pentheri he assumes to form a sixth ; group.

With the better knowledge of the females I think it will
be possible to form more natural groups than such prelimi-
narily based on males only.

The affinities of the South-African species are, taking both
sexes into consideration :—

1. Palarus o’neili, Br., and Palarus pentheri, Br.
2. Palarus latifrons, Koll.

3. Palarus handlirschi, Br., and Palarus turneri, Br.

Group 3 is nearest related to P. latifrons, Kohl. The
main characters of this group are :—

¢ .—Seventh tergite broadly subtruncate or rounded at
apex and without spines.

? ¢.—First tergite not sharply edged on the sides, without
sharp dentitorm tubercle. Eyes on the vertex very narrowly
separated in both sexes. Abdomen hardly constricted, not
at all in the females. Cellula radialis of the fore wings
without appendix, the apex triangularly pointed or sub-
truncate. Habitus, especially the female, of Tachytes.

Dee e- handlirscht, m.—Pygidium very sharply pointed ;
surface of the pygidial area finely and nearly regularly

Species of Palarus from S. Africa. 653

carinated. Distance of the eyes on vertex about the length of
the pedicellus of the antenne.

Q P. turneri, m.—Pygidium less sharply pointed ; surface
of the pygidial area irregularly rugose-carinulated. Distance
_of eyes on vertex at least double the length of the pedicellus
of the antenne.

Palarus handlirschi, 2 8, sp.n.

Type: 3. Niger, clypeo, macula mandibularum, macula faciei
inferioris, maculis duabus punctiformibus supra antennas, tegulis,
fasciisque tergitorum 1-5 eburneis; pedibus flavido-variegatis,
alis hyalinis. Pygidium inerme. Tergita vix constricta.
Latera pygidii ad basin rotundato-lobata, postea ad apicem
gradatim coarctata, apice rotundato. Latera tergiti sexti longi-
tudinaliter breviter et subtiliter carinata. Sternitum secundum
toro magno transverso ornatum. Oculi in yertice longitudine
pedicelli antennarum separati.

Long. 8-12 mm.

g.—Clypeus smooth, shining, rounded at apex. Inter-
antennal space not carinated; front with a thin smooth line,
not quite reaching the anterior ocellus. Mandibles acuminate,
simple. Antennz thickened towards apex, the second joint
of flagellum about a third longer than the following. Ante-
rior ocellus large, round, the posterior smaller, oval, touching
the eyes. Eyes separated on the vertex by a distance about
equal to the length of the pedicellus of the antenne. Face
covered by a whitish pile, dull, not shining, minutely but
densely punctured. Thorax, scutellum, and metanotum
above minutely but less densely punctured, shining, sparsely
covered by a whitish pubescence. Area cordata deepened,
nearly semicircular, finely shagreened. First tergite concave
in the middle, the edges of the concavity not sharp nor
earinated. Sixth tergite with a very small longitudinal
carina on the sides. Pygidial segment roundly dilated-
lobate at the sides towards the base, then gradually constricted
towards the apex, the latter rounded. Pygidial area indis-
tinctly defined, rugulose. The sides and apex of the pygidial
segment smooth and shining. The tergites are not constricted
on the sides, very little above, shining, very finely punctured,
gradually narrowed towards the apex. The second sternite
is smooth and very shining, the apical half transformed into
a broad transverse elevation, the basal upper edge of which
is rounded, the apical semi-abrupt, but not sharply edged.
The following segments are flat, punctured, the middle de-
pressed, the seventh conical, rounded at the apex. Radial

654 Dr. H. Brauns on new

cell triangular at apex, with hardly any trace of an appendix.
Second cubital cell sessile, triangular. Recurrent nervures
interstitial, Third cubital cell nearly rectangular.

Black ; yellow are the clypeus, a spot on the upper side
of the mandibles near the base, the margin of the face ad-
joining the clypeus, broadly between eyes and clypeus, two
small spots above the antenne, the tegule and the transverse
bands of the tergites 1-5, of which the first and last two or
three are more or less broadly interrupted, the fifth some-
times largely reduced in size. ‘lhe extension of the bands
varies probably within certain limits. The colour of the
bands is paler than clypeus &c. The greater part of the
mandibles, scapulz, pygidial segment, and the ventral surface
are ferruginous, the tergites except the bands darkish brown,
the base more blackish. Legs light brown. ‘Tibis i. and
femora i, and i. yellow underneath. Median segment and
abdominal base thickly clothed with long white pubescence.
Wings hyaline, with nervures testaceous. Flagellum of the
antenne brown. .

? .—As in the male, but mostly without the yellow spots
above the antenne. Abdominal segments not constricted on
the sides and above, less narrowed towards the apex. The
yellow fasciz are broader and more complete. Legs all
terruginous, the femora 1 and 2 yellow beneath.

Sternites without tubercles, the second sparsely punctured.
Pygidial segment long, pointed at the apex, the sides raised
and earinate. Pygidial area sharply defined, raised, finely
and regularly carinate on the surface (about 8-10 longitudinal
carinule). The space between area and edges of the segment
smooth and shining. ‘The sixth sternite long, pointed at
apex, compressed in the middle.

The distance of the eyes on the vertex is in both sexes
very nearly the same. The female seems to be somewhat
smaller than the male.

Hab. Willowmore, Cape Colony ; nesting in the sand of
dry river-beds, November-January.

The prey of this species comprised Noma, Halictus, Elis,
&c., in one case a Dipteron ; the latter probably a mistake!

Mr. ‘Turner, to whom I sent the species, informs me that
the British Museum has a pair of this species from the
Zambesi and 8. Nyasaland, in which all ferruginous colour is
replaced by black ; but otherwise they agree perfectly with
the southern specimens. He further points out a close
relationship with the Indian Palarus combert, Turner.

———

* shining

Vt

Species of Palarus from S, Africa, 69.

Palarus turneri, 2, m., sp. n.

Type: Q. Niger, clypeo, macula mandibularum, macula faciei in-
ferioris, maeulis duabus obliquis supra antennas, tegulis, margine
pronoti superiore, macula magna mesopleurarum, scutelli parte
posteriore, metanoto toto, fasciis latis tergitorum 1-3, tergitis
4—6 totis eburneis. Pedes, coxis et trochanteribus inclusis, ferru-
ginei, subtus albicantes. Tergita nec constricta. Oculi in
vertice duplo longitudine pedicelli antennarum distantes. Py-
gidium acutum, area pygidialis irregulariter longitudinaliter
rugosa. Metanoti medium leniter incisum.

Long. 10 mm.

? .—Clypeus smooth, shining, broadly rounded at apex.
Interantennal space not carinate, front with a fine smooth
line not quite reaching the anterior ocellus. Vertex between
the eyes finely longitudinally raised. Mandibles acuminate,
simple. Antenne thickened towards the apex. Hyes sepa-
rated at the vertex by a distance about equal to double the
length of the pedicellus of the antenne. Face dull, not
g, minutely punctured. Mesonotum shining, disc
sparsely, margins densely and finely punctured; scutellum
shining, with scattered punctures. Metanotum smooth, in
the middle distinctly incised. Area cordata deepened, in the
middle finely shagreened, dull. First tergite concave in the
middle, edges of the concavity rounded, smooth. Tergites
minutely and densely punctured. Pygidial segment long,
pointed, the sides carinate, the pygidial area longitudinally
rugulose, dull. Space between the area and the sides of the
segment smooth above, diagonally rugose towards the apex.
Pubescence much sparser than in P. handlirscht.

Radial cell triangular at apex, with hardly any trace of
appendix. Second cubital cell sessile, triangular, recurrent
nervures not quite interstitial, near to the apex.

Black, with the markings as stated in the diagnosis. The
ivory-coloured bands cover the greatest part of the upper
side of the abdomen. Only the base of the first tergite is
black; the pale bands of the second and third tergites
are broad, and leave only small margins of the segments
ferruginous. Fourth and fifth tergites are nearly covered
by the bands. The pygidial area and the sides and apex of
the pygidial segment as well as the venter are ferruginous.
Scapule brown.

This species is of the same habitus as P. handlirschi, but
broader and thicker. It has all the characteristics of the
group. The different distance of the eyes at the vertex
separates it sufficiently from P. handlirschi.

656 Mr. W. Schaus on

I have great pleasure in naming the species in honour of
Mr. Rowland E. Turner, of the British Museum.

Willowmore, Cape Colony ; January; 1?. Typein my
collection.

Both species have no appendix to the radial cell, and agree
in this respect, as well as in the absence of the lateral keels
of the first tergites, with P. latifrons, Kohl; but in that
species the radial cell is subtruncate, almost rounded at apex,
while in the two species described above it is triangularly
pointed.

LXXIII.—New Species of Heterocera from Costa
Rica —XVI. By W. Scuaus, F.Z.8.

Pyralide.
Subfamily Herpascuirwz.

Pococera albimedium, sp. n.

Q. Palpi black, shaded with white. Frons fuscous brown,
irorated with white. Vertex white. Collar and thorax
white, shaded with brownish buff, and with a few scattered
black scales. Abdomen above white, with broad transverse
black lines, partly suffusing. Fore wings: base broadly
dark olive, irrorated with black, and crossed by a broad white
line, outbent on inner margin, inwardly edged with black
and outwardly expanding between cell and submedian, and
also edged with black except below submedian ; medial space
to outer line white, with a black point at end of cell, dark
spots on costa, and some pale brown and black irrorations
postmedially ; outer line fine, black, inbent at vein 4, out-
wardly finely edged with white; terminal space black from
costa to vein 5, the termen slightly irrorated with white ;
below vein 5 a mottled olive and reddish subterminal shade ;
terminal black spots. Hind wings dirty white; a post-
medial fuscous line marked with black on vein 2; a marginal
fuscous shade widest at apex ; a terminal black line.

Expanse 22 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Near P. albimedialis, Hmpsn.

Fleterocera from Costa Rica. 657

Pococera beroella, sp. n.

¢d. Palpi brown, ringed and tipped with white. Head
and thorax ereyish brown, with slightly darker shadings.
Abdomen dark grey, with pale segmental lines. Fore wings:
basal third light brow n, limited by a geminate, black-brown,
lunular, antemedial line, filled in below cell with white rat
black spot at base of costa, followed by a greyish shade ; «
black streak below cell before antemedial ; space bey ond to
subterminal whitish grey, the costa and veins irrorated with
brown ; a faint medial brownish line from vein 3 to inner
margin, followed by a pale brown shade to subterminal,
which is white, lunular, and sinuous, defined by brownish
shadings on either side, and inwardly also with dark streaks
on veins; an apical dark brown shade and terminal dark
brown line, interrupted by white points on veins. Hind
wings whitish, shaded with fuscous grey.

Expanse 21 mm.

Hab, Juan Vinas.

The antenne of female also with short fascicles.

Pococera trrorata, sp. n.

?. Palpi dark grey. Head and collar white, shaded with
brown. ‘Thorax dark grey ; patagia white, with a few dark
urorations, Abdomen buff-grey, with segmental shades
consisting of dark irrorations. Fore wings whitish grey,
thickly irrorated with darker grey, and a few scattered black
scales; a small fuscous-brown spot at base of costa; a fine
subbasal line, curved on costa, inbent in cell to median; a
fuscous-brown antemedial shade on costa and vague line
across cell ; a black medial spot on costa and sinuous outbent
line to inner margin just beyond middle; an outer dentate
fuscous shade, outset between veins 3 and 5, followed by a
grey spot on costa, and narrow greyish shade from vein 5 to
inner margin ; a subterminal dentate brown shade; termen
irrorated with brown; an interrupted terminal brown line.
Hind wings dirty white, the termen shaded with fuscous
brown. Fore wings below silky fuscous brown. Hind
wings below as above ; traces of a fine postmedial line.

Expanse 20 mm.

Hab, Sixola.

Pococera crinita, sp. v.

?. Palpi with the second joint very long, fringed behind
with long hair, dark purplish brown, streaked below, at base,

658 Mr. W. Schaus on

with buff. Body brown, tinged with lilacine. Fore wings
lilacine brown; an antemedial straight fuscous-brown line,
preceded by a paler lilacine brown shade, and followed by an
olive-brown shade limited by a pale medial line faintly out-
bent ; an oblique black spot at end of cell edged with lilacine ;
a postmedial dark olive-brown shade from below costa,
inbent below end of cell, and expanding; an outer broad
whitish-buff line inwardly edged by a fine fuscous-brown
line, and outwardly followed by a dark brown shade; a
terminal black line with pale points at veins; cilia pale
reddish brown, tipped with lilacine. Hind wings fuscous
brown ; cilia fuscous grey tipped with white, and with a
basal reddish line at apex. Wings below fuscous; apical
half of costa on fore wings and apex of hind wings shaded
with dull red.
Expanse 22 mm.

Hab. Esperanza, Guapiles.

Pococera elegans, sp. n.

3. Palpi buff, streaked in front with black. Head,
collar, and thorax pale buff ; the antennal process, which is
very long, terminally shaded above with reddish brown.
Abdomen buff; a reddish dorsal line to beyond middle ;
fuscous segmental lines on terminal segments. Fore wings
grey; basal third of costa fuscous brown; a fine black
line above median near base, thickening below cell ante-
medially, below which the basal half of wing to inner margin
is pale buff shaded with pale brown, the whole limited by a
sinuous, outbent, fuscous-brown medial line; a fine fuscous
streak at end of cell and a dark shade on costa above it; a
faintly darker grey outer shade ; subterminal dark streaks on
veins 7 and 8; a fine terminal dark line. Hind wings dirty
white; costal margin greyish; postmedial dark streaks on
veins, most noticeable on vein 2; a terminal dark Jine. Fore
wings below fuscous grey; a faint darker outer line followed
by a whitish spot on costa. Hind wings below whitish; a
dark spot on discocellular in front; a faint postmedial shade,
heavy on costa. The costa of both wings shaded with
reddish brown.

Expanse 24 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Sixola.

The fore wings have veins 4 and 5 approximated for nearly
half their length ; no groove in cell or fringe below costa.

Fleterocera from Costa Rica. 659

Pococera marmorata, sp. n.

&d. Palpi very long, with slight tuft of hair on inner side
of second joint atextremity. Antennze with moderate process
and long fasciculate cilia. Palpi grey. Head and thorax
dull grey ; collar shaded with brown. Abdomen dull dark
grey. Fore wings: basal third buff-brown, crossed by an
outbent whitish shade, the outer portion heavily irrorated
with black on costa, in and just below cell, then to inner
margin the irrorations form an indistinct geminate line ;
medial space whitish, crossed by a fine fuscous line, some-
what incurved below cell and close to basal space; costa
beyond this line to outer line pale reddish brown; inner
margin to outer line grey; some black irrorations form an
indistinct postmedial line from below costa, inbent from
vein 5 to below cell before vein 2, angled and only reaching
submedian ; these irrorations followed by a reddish-brown
space to outer line, which is fuscous, lunular, and outcurved
from vein 6-3, and is outwardly edged by the broader white
subterminal line; termen grey, shaded with reddish brown
at apex; terminal black spots. Hind wings white; terminal
dark points; a fuscous shade at apex and traces of a sub-
terminal line on costa.

Expanse 28 mm.

Hab. Poas.

Fore wings: veins 4 and 5 approximated ; no groove in
cell or fringe of scales below costa.

Pococera notabilis, sp. n.

?. Palpi buff-brown, dusted with grey. Head, collar,
and thorax brownish buff, the latter with some dark scales
behind. Abdomen ochreous buff; dark segmental shades.
Fore wings: base for more than one-third brownish buff,
irrorated with black outwardly and on inner margin, limited
by a broad white line, faintly indentate on submedian ; outer
space fuscous brown, thickly irrorated with white ; a sub-
terminal whitish dentate line edged with clearer fuscous
brown ; a terminal black line interrupted by veins. Hind
wings whitish brown, the outer margin shaded with fuscous ;
cilia fuscous, tipped with white.

Expanse 23 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Pococera olivescens, sp. n.
3. Palpi long and smoothly scaled. Head, collar, and

660 Mr. W. Schaus on

thorax pale olive-green, Abdomen grey, with darker trans-
verse shades. Fore wings olive-green ; an antemedial
greenish-white shade, not reaching inner margin, and a
similar basal line ; some black scales on medial space in cell
and on inner margin ; a whitish shade at end and just beyond
cell, on which the black oblique line on discocellular is con-
spicuons, also below cell to submedian fold, outbent towards
outer line, which is greenish white, straight from costa to
vein 4, then outcurved, followed by blackish irrorations from
vein 4-8; an interrupted terminal fuscous line. Hind wings
whitish, the termen narrowly fuscous.
Eixpanse 23 mm.

Hab. Esperanza.

APOCERA, gen. nov.

Palpi upturned, the second joint reaching vertex of head,
the third short ; maxillary palpi in fold of labial palpi ; an-
tenne of ale fasciculate, with short process ; tibia very
slightly hairy. Fore wing with veins 4 and 5 from cell,
shortly approximated; 6 from upper Scie ra eh 4) stalked,
10 and 11 free. Hind wing with vein 3 from angle of cell ;
4, 5 stalked ; 6,7, from upper angle, 7 anastomosing with 8.

Apocera costata, sp. n.

Palpi lilacine buff, fringed with black. Head, collar,
and thorax whitish buff, the collar shaded in front with
brown. Abdomen above brown, with dark irrorations. Fore
wings: the anterior half to subterminal whitish buff, the
costa slightly tinged with lilacine and darkly irrorated
medially ; a fuscous-brown spot near base of costa and a fine
streak below cell ; a fuscous-brown shade from base along
inner margin, upcurved antemedially to above submedian,
and followed by a whitish shade; a black point on disco-
cellular ; outer half of inner margin to below cell and vein 4
brown, with fuscous-brown postmedial streaks on veins 2 and
3, and shorter streaks on veins 4 and 5 ; subterminal fuscous-
brown, lunular, oblique from costa, and suffusing with dark
brown terminal shade between veins 5-2 ; apex and tornus
irrorated with white. Hind wings whitish, the veins pale
brown ; the apex shaded with fuscous.

Expanse 18 mm.

fab. Esperanza.

Fleterocera from Costa Rica. 661

Jocara chlorisalis, sp. n.

é. Palpi light brown. Antennal process buff, irrorated
and tipped with reddish brown. Collar dorsally reddish
brown, outwardly green. Thorax greenish, the patagia
tipped with reddish brown. Abdomen brown-buff, with a
few black irrorations. Fore wings green ; a black spot at
base of costa and point below cell; an antemedial black spot
on costa, and fascia from cell to inner margin, preceded by a
small tuft of white scales below median ; a black medial spot
on costa and line outangled in cell to black discocellular
streak, close toantemedial fascia from median to inner mar-
gin; an angled postmedial shade from beyond cell not
reaching submedian ; postmedial lunular, dentate, straight on
costa, then slightly outeurved, black, outwardly shaded with
pale green; terminal black spots. Hind wings smoky white ;
outer margin fuscous, widest at apex. Wings below luteous
white ; costal margin pale buff, thinly irrorated with reddish.
Fore wings: a fuscous line on discocellular and slightly
curved outer shade; termen shaded with fuscous. Hind
wings: apical half of outer margin shaded with fuscous ; a
fine indistinct subterminal line, more heavily marked on
costa.

Expanse 28 mm.

9. Fore wings: the lines finer; the antemedial reduced
to a line marked by a small spot below median ; costal spots
smaller. Hind wings fuscous brown, Fore wings below
fuscous, the inner margin white but not reaching termen ;
costa as in male. Hind wings below luteous ; a black discal
point ; outer line well marked, wavy towards inner margin ;
outer margin shaded with fuscous from costa to vein 2.

Eixpanse 29 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Sitio, Tuis.

Jocara nana, sp. n.

6. Antennal process long. Palpi light brown, with
fuscous rings terminally. Process brown. ‘Thorax buff.
Abdomen buff-brown; fine whitish segmental lines interrupted
by small black dorsal spots. Fore wings light brown ; some
scattered black scales on basal third; a fuscous line along
inner margin to antemedial, which is whitish and only
traceable from below cell; medial line also whitish and
from cell; the space between the lines on inner margin
fuscous ; a fuscous spot at end of cell partly edged by a pale
line; the outer line pale, defined by a black shade on its

662 Mr. W. Schaus on

inner edge, lunular, somewhat oblique from costa to vein 3,
then incurved to submedian, outangled, and inbent on inner
margin ; termen shaded with fuscous brown, darkest at
apex ; fuscous terminal spots. Hind wings fuscous brown,
darkest on termen. Hind wings below dirty white, the
termen fuscous, narrowing to anal angle; a fuscous discal
spot.

Eixpanse 15 mm.

Hab, Juan Vinas.

Jocara nigripuncta, sp. n.

3. Antenne with long process. Body and fore wings
brownish buff ; collar outwardly shaded with fuscous; abdo-
men irrorated with fuscous brown. Fore wings: some
fuscous irrorations; a small spot below middle of cell ;
round black spot at end of cell, followed by a black streak
between veins 5 and 6 to outer line, which is fuscous brown,
lunular dentate, and evenly outcurved, outwardly pale
shaded ; terminal black spots. Hind wings semihyaline
brownish white, the termen trrorated with fuscous and
reddish brown.

Hxpanse 31 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Jocara noctuina, sp. n.

3. Palpi, head, and collar buff-brown. Thorax lilacine
brown, the patagia tipped with fuscous. Abdomen buff, with
black ‘irrorations, forming segmental shades. Fore wings
buff; costa shaded with dull green; basal third shaded with
dull green and grey on inner margin, limited by a slightly
curved thick velvety black line, outwardly shaded with dark
brown from cell to inner margin; a velvety black spot
on discocellular; outer line fine, fusecous, inbent on costa,
then outcurved to vein 4, below which it is incurved to
fold, and nearly vertical on inner margin; an interrupted
terminal black line. Hind wings buff-white; a black line
on discocellular; fuscous shading on costa and apex; an
interrupted fine terminal black line. Hind wings below:
a fuscous shade on costa near base ; a black streak on disco-
cellular; a postmedial fuscous line on costal margin; the
terminal line as above.

BExpanse 26 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

Like J. brachypalpia, Dogn.

———

lor)
ce
oo

Heterocera from Costa Rica.

Jocara obscurali’s, sp. n.

?. Head, collar, and thorax buff-brown, the thorax tinged
with lilacine. Abdomen buff-brown, with black segmental
shades. Fore wings mostly dark lilacine brown; basal
third of costa mottled dark green and black; basal third of
cell, median and submedian veins irrorated with black; a
vague antemedial black shade on costa and cell, and an inset
whitish point below cell ; costa medially and postmedially
greenish yellow, crossed by a duller green shade; a yellowish
streak medially on submedian, partly shaded with grey
scales; a broad postmedial shade from below costa, outangled
and extending on veins, consisting of streaks only on veins 3,
2, and fold; a subterminal yellow-green streak on costa and
grey points on veins, preceded by black points connected by
an almost imperceptible fuscous line, and followed by black
shades, suffusing towards and on costa; termen narrowly
yellowish green ; an interrupted terminal black line; cilia
roseate, mottled with fuseous. Hind wings shaded with
fuscous brown, darkest terminally; cilia whitish, shaded
with roseate towards apex, and with some fuscous spots.
Fore wings below fuscous, the costa and termen broadly
roseate brown; a subterminal white spot on costa. Hind
wings below: a black point on discocellular at vein 6; outer
line and apex roseate brown, the former fine, obliquely curved
to vein 5, then punctiform.

Expanse 28 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Near J. ferrifusalis, Hmpsn., which also occurs in Costa

Rica.

Jocara subcurvalis, sp. n.

3. Palpi brown. Head and collar buff, with a medial
brown line. Patagia and abdomen buff, the latter irrorated
with dark brown, and with pale segmental lines. Fore
wings buff-brown, shaded with dark brown, chiefly on outer
third ; base of costa and inner margin darker shaded; a
broad antemedial fuscous shade, closely followed by the
medial fuscous-brown line, which is angled on subcostal; a
fuscous streak on discocellular ; outer line fuscous, lunular
dentate, inbent on costa, outcurved below it, the veins before
and beyond it shortly streaked with reddish brown; a sub-
terminal darker shade, widest on costa; a terminal black
line, interrupted by buff points on veins; some green shading
on termen; cilia with fuscous spots. Hind wings dirty

664 Mr. W. Schaus on

white, shaded with fuscous on outer margin; traces of a
postmedial line. Wings below dirty white ; black discal
points. Fore wings: the costa whitish buff, irrorated with
red; the postmedial fuscous line straight on costa, then out-
curved ; termen shaded with fuscous brown. [ind wings:
postmedial line incurved on costa, then outeurved; the apex
shaded with fuscous brown.

Eixpanse 25 mm.

Female: the wings tinged with green; a short black
antemedial streak below cell; postmedial space and apex
shaded with reddish brown. Hind wings shaded with
fuscous.

Expanse 30 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

In B. M. from Jalapa, Mexico.

Jocara subfusca, sp. n.

?. Palpi lilacine brown, streaked below with pale buff.
Head brown, outwardly lined with buff. Thorax fuscous, the
patagia and collar lilacine buff. Abdomen pale brown, with
darker irrorations. Fore wings: basal half green on costa
and in cell, below cell lilacine brown, darker shaded on inner
margin; an antemedial short dark streak in cell and small
tuft of dark brown scales below median; the cuter edge of
brown space lunular and closely followed by a nearly straight
dark brown medial line, edged from below cell to inner
margin wth roseate buff, interrupted on subcostal; a minute
dark streak at end of cell edged with silvery grey scales; a
fuscous postmedial line from below costa, irrorated with
silvery-grey scales ; space beyond tinged with brown to near
termen and crossed by the fuscous outer line, which is
followed by a brownish-buff shade and then some fuscous
irrorations; an interrupted terminal black line. Hind wings
fuscous brown, darkest on termen; cilia fuscous grey tipped
with white. Wings below fuscous ; the postmedial line and
termen darker; black discal points; some grey irroratious
on costa beyond cell and in cell of hind wings.

Eixpanse 23 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

Near J. ferrifusalis, Hmpsn.

Jocara tenebrosa, sp. n.

3. Palpi buff, partly fringed with dark brown. Head
whitish buff. Collar and thorax dull reddish brown. Abdo-
men fuscous grey, with pale segmental lines. Fore wings

_—— oo

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 665

dull slate tinged with lilacine brown, especially above sub-
median to near cell and vein 4; a broad buff antemedial
shade, irregular and inbent from costa ; a similar subterminal
line, inbent on costa, outcurved below it, broad from veins
8-6, then. finer and dentate ; a darker shade on discocellular.
The anterior half of wing indistinctly shot with greenish blue.
Hind wings thinly scaled, fuscous brown, faintly tinged with
purplish. Fore wings below fuscous; the inner margin
greyish; costa shaded with reddish; the outer line only
noticeable on costa. Hind wings below whitish, shaded with
fuscous ; a black discal point ; costa shaded with reddish; a
postmedial fuscous line.

Expanse 27 mm.

?. Fore wings olive-brown, broadly darker before outer
line ; a dark streak from near base along median, interrupted
by an antemedial cluster of whitish scales, and followed by a
pale lunular inner line, very confused and indistinct ; a black
crescent-shaped line on discocellular, edged with whitish
irrorations; the outer line buff, lunular dentate, of even
thickness. Hind wings fuscous brown, not so broad as in
male.

Expanse 26 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

Jocara terrenalis, sp. n.

?. Palpi whitish buff, shaded with brown. Frons dark
grey. Vertex pale buff. Collar dark reddish brown,
irrorated with black; a dorsal buff shade. Thorax dark
grey; patagia buff. Abdomen olive-buff, irrorated with
fuscous. Fore wings: costal margin and apex buff, shaded
with pale green ; cell and basal half below cell buff-grey,
with reddish and black irrorations; a dark streak on inner
margin at base; medial line fine, fuscous, lunular and in-
distinct; a black discal point; outer space below and
beyond cell, also to termen below vein 3, fuscous brown ;
outer line straight on costa, outcurved below it, lunular
dentate, inwardly shaded with fuscous, outwardly with dark
olive; terminal black spots. Hind wings smoky white,
shaded with fuscous brown, darkest on termen. Fore wings
below fuscous brown; costa buff to postmedial; veins ter-
minally reddish ; inner margin narrowly white. Hind wings
below whitish ; costa with some reddish and brown irrora-
tions; termen shaded with fuscous ; a subterminal fuscous
line, incurved on costa.

Expanse 29 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. ix. 44

666 Mr. W. Schaus on

Jocara translinea, sp. n.

@. Palpi, head, and thorax olive-green ; collar and pa-
tagia tinged with reddish buff. Abdomen olive-buff, with
some darker irorations. Fore wings pale green; a buff
shade below costa to antemedial; the inner margin to ante-
medial lilacine brown, with darker irrorations; beyond base,
below median, a streak of long downturned fuscous-brown
scales; antemedial outcurved on costal margin, faint, fuscous,
closely followed by a more distinct, nearly straight, fuscous
medial line; the narrow space between lines below cell
whitish ; a black point at end of cell; a faint postmedial
brownish line, and the space beyond to outer line faintly
tinged with brown; outer line fine, black, lunular dentate,
straight on costa, then outcurved; very small terminal
black spots. Hind wings whitish, shaded with fuscous, the
veins darker; traces of a paler postmedial line ; an inter-
rupted terminal fuscous line. Wings below: the postmedial
line oblique from costa and angled at vein 5. Fore wings
reddish brown; the costa whitish buff, irrorated with pale
red. Hind wings whitish; a black point on discocellular ;
the apex shaded with reddish brown.

Expanse 27 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

A male in B. M. from French Guiana.

Chloropaschia canities, sp, n.

36. Palpi buff-brown, shaded with dark brown laterally.
Frons brown. Collar mottled slate-grey, brown, and black.
Thorax silvery grey. Abdomen luteous buff. Fore wings
for two-thirds from base whitish grey, irrorated with olive,
somewhat darker shaded at base; a fine dark line on disco-
cellular; a medial small fuscous shade on costa and one
postmedially, from which faint lines extend to below disco-
cellular, and then form a distinct olive-brown geminate line,
outangled below vein 2 and inbent to middle of inner
margin; outer third olive-brown; small fuscous postmedial
spots on vein 2 and submedian ; a darker brown subterminal
geminate shade, divided by whitish shading from vein 4 to
inner margin; termen shaded with grey chiefly above tornus ;
a terminal black line, partly intersected by veins; cilia buff,
shaded with fuscous spots. Hind wings brownish white ;
apex and termen shaded with fuscous ; a fuscous line at base
of cilia.

Expanse 28 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

TTeterocera from Costa Rica. 667

Macalla claphealis, sp. n.

3. Palpi, head, and collar reddish brown, crossed from
antenne by an outbent whitish line. Thorax dark brown ;
patagia buff-brown. Abdomen buff-grey, with transverse
fuscous shades. Fore wings: base buff from costa to sub-
median, streaked with reddish brown in and below cell, and
a small similar spot at base of costa, the whole limited by a
dark reddish-brown shade irrorated with black and outwardly
edged by a lunular black line, followed by a narrow white
shade, all inbent from costa to submedian; inner margin and
outer space olive-grey irrorated with whitish ; postmedial
black streaks on veins, connected by a faint fuscous shade ;
outer line whitish, lunular dentate, finely edged with fuscous,
oblique from costa to vein 5, then parallel with outer margin,
followed above vein 5 by a dark brown shade and fuscous
streaks on veins ; a terminal black line with white points at
veins; cilia whitish spotted with black. Hind wings semi-
hyaline whitish ; costal margin and apex shaded with fuscous
grey ; the inner margin tinged with buff; a terminal black
line.

Expanse 29 mm,

Hab. Sixola.

Macalla marginata, sp. n.

9. Body buff, the palpi and abdomen irrorated with
reddish. Fore wings buff ; extreme costa finely dark brown ;
a fine dark brown shade along inner margin, expanding
medially into a broad spot upturned to submedian fold; a
medial black streak on costal margin ; faint brownish streaks
on interspaces postmedially to outer line, which is black,
finely lunular dentate and evenly outcurved, followed by
minute pale streaks on veins ; outer margin dark brown, with
a darker subterminal line parallel with outer line ; termen
irrorated with grey-buff, chiefly at apex. Hind wings buff-
white ; outer margin shaded with fuscous brown; some sub-
terminal pale points on veins.

Expanse 23 mm.

Hab, Sixola.

Macalla nebulosa, sp. n.

Q. Palpi dark brown. fF rons silvery grey. Vertex
brown. Collar and thorax grey, the collar shaded in front
with orange. Abdomen buff; lateral broad fuscous shades,
meeting dorsally on last segments. Fore wings silky grey,
irrorated and shaded with fuscous brown, especially at base

44%

668 Mr. W. Schaus on

and on outer margin ; the basal space limited by an irregular
black shade, closely followed by a black point in cell; a
large spot on discocellular ; outer line fuscous, oblique from
costa, inbent at vein 4, somewhat curved and followed by
streaks on vein 3 and fold and a deep yellow spot on costa ;
terminal black spots ; cilia buff-brown, spotted with black
from vein 4 toapex. Hind wings dirty white, shaded with
brown, darkest on outer margin ; an outer dark line. Wings
below luteous white; black discocellular lines; heavy
fuscous postmedial lines, outbent from costa and sharply
rounded at vein 4 ; broad fuscous-brown shades at apices.

Expanse 25 mm.

Hab. Avangarez.

Near M. superatalis.

Macalla selecta, sp. n.

?. Palpi black, tipped with white. Head, collar, and
thorax dark brown; patagia mottled with dark grey. Abdo-
men pale grey, with greyish-brown transverse shadings.
Fore wings: basal half dark brown, with a faint lilacine-grey
antemedial shade; a black point in cell and short black
streak below cell; a fuscous geminate medial line divided
by a lilacine grey line, slightly outcurved around a velvety
black discocellular spot; medial line followed by a broader
lilacine grey shade, outwardly edged with reddish brown and
then dull olive to outer line; outer line fuscous, barely out-
curved below costa, outwardly pale-edged ; this is followed
by a reddish-brown shade, widest on costa ; termen lilacine
grey ; terminal fuscous-brown spots. Hind wings white,
suffused with greyish brown and shaded with fuscous on
outer margin.

Expanse 30 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

Locastra viriditincta, sp. n.

3S. Palpi and head purplish brown, mottled with buff;
process medially black, broadly green at end. Collar and
patagia black, tipped with green. Abdomen brownish buff,
thinly irrorated with fuscous grey. Fore wings purplish
brown, shaded with fuscous, the outer half of inner margin
broadly, and termen green; a medial green spot on costa
between a fine geminate fuscous line, slightly inangled on
submedian; a faint brown-buff shade antemedially below
cell and a black point in cell; a velvety-black streak on
discocellular, pale-edged, and a fine line of raised scales

_

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 669

below it across vein 2; an oblique line of similar raised
scales beyond cell; outer line buff, slightly oblique on costa,
preceded and followed by darker shading, then faintly out-

- curved from vein 6, below vein 5 preceded by a fine, deeply

lunular, dentate, black line, and followed by black-angled
spots; an interrupted terminal black line; cilia buff-green,
shaded with darker green. Hind wings white, costa, apex
broadly, and termen narrowly fuscous, a subterminal fuscous
line; inner margin and cilia roseate buff, becoming reddish
at apex.

Expanse 33 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Sixola, Turrialba.

Stericta apicalis, sp. n.

3+ Palpi light reddish brown. Collar and thorax greyish,
mottled with dull olive ; a black spot on patagia anteriorly.
Abdomen buff-brown, irrorated with black, forming irregular
segmental lines. Legs grey-brown, broadly ringed with
fuscous ; fore femora white, shaded with black near throat.
Fore wings: base, inner and outer margins, and postmedial
space below vein 2 mottled roseate brown and olive-green ;
a small black spot at base of costa; antemedial space broadly
whitish grey, not reaching inner margin, limited by an
indistinct lunular white medial line, outset below cell; post-
medial space shaded with fuscous; a black line on disco-
cellular ; subterminal line straight on costa, then slightly
outcurved to vein 2, and straight on inner margin, paler,
preceded by small black spots almost forming a line, and
tollowed by a fine whitish shade on inner margin ; a terminal
white space from vein 5 to apex; a terminal black line
interrupted by veins; cilia greenish buff mottled with black.
Hind wings whitish brown, darker shaded on outer margin ;
veins pale brown, with darker subterminal streaks on veins.
Fore wings below roseate brown, the inner margin whitish ;
a black point on discocellular, followed by a deeply dentate
fuscous shade. Hind wings below whitish, the costal margin
irrorated with roseate brown ; a black discal point ; a roseate
brown subterminal line, deeply dentate on anterior half.

Expanse 34 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Sitio.

The female has the antemedial space and hind wings
shaded with fuscous.

Stericta umbrosalis, sp. n.
&. Palpi, head, collar, and thorax green, some black

670 Mr. W. Schaus on

irrorations on collar and patagia. Abdomen buff, shaded
with brown dorsally. Fore wings green, markings black; a
small spot at base of costa and a larger one antemedially ; a
broad antemedial spot, irrorated with reddish from cell to
inner margin, its inner edge indentate on submedian, iis
outer edge twice lunular, closely followed by a fine medial
line terminating in a spot on costa; a line at end of cell; a
postmedial line from costa to submedian fold, outbent between
veins 4 and 5, followed by a fuscous-brown shade irrorated
with red to outer line, which is straight on costa, then out-
curved, lunular dentate, geminate, filled in with dull green ;
an interrupted terminal line. Hind wings whitish, the outer
margin fuscous ; outer dark fuscous streaks on veins,

?. Palpi fuscous brown. Head, collar, and thorax
mottled reddish brown, dark grey, and green. Fore wings
green ; costal spots and terminal space from postmedial dull
purplish brown, on which the outer line is very indistinct ;
antemedial spot on inner margin more linear; a black lunule
on discocellular; the costal margin yellowish, irrorated with
pale reddish brown. Hind wings as in male,

Expanse, ¢ 31, 2? 30 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Turrialba.

Tsolopha basilata, sp, n.

@. Palpi and frons pale buff. Vertex, collar, and thorax
buff, medially tinged with lilacine brown. Abdomen rufous
brown. Fore wings: a little less than basal half from costa
to just below cell pale buff, streaked with pale lilacine brown,
otherwise dull black irrorated with brown and roseate buff ;
a velvety-black streak below cell before middle ; a geminate
medial fuscous line, defined by a pale brownish line dividing
it, lunular and inbent below cell; discal streak velvety
black-brown, very slight ; an indistinct postmedial sinuous
line, the space before it greenish brown, the space beyond
darker ; outer line green, cut by black veins and shaded with
black on either side, the outer shading with white points on
veins; outer margin narrowly green ; a terminal interrupted
lunular black line. Hind wings whitish at base, shaded
with fuscous; traces of a postmedial line,

Jixpanse 31 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Subfamily Hrprocaurinz.
Argyractis albibasalis, sp. n.
&. Palpi, head, and collar brownish grey. Thorax

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 671

white. Abdomen above pale brown. Fore wings silvery
white ; costa brown-grey ; medial space fuscous brown, ex-
panding outwardly along vein 5 shortly, and then obliquely
curved to tornus; two fuscous-brown outer lines from costa,
suffusing at vein 2; a terminal yellow line from below apex
to near tornus, where it is shortly inbent. Hind wings:
base silvery white; a medial fuscous-brown shade, followed
by a white spot and dense fuscous-brown irrorations to
terminal spots, which are black, edged with metallic roseate
and lilacine scales; an orange-brown terminal shade near
anal angle,
Expanse 15 mm.

lab. Juan Vinas.

Argyractis auspicatalis, sp. n.

9. Palpi buff, tipped with white. Body white; collar
outwardly shaded with brown; thorax and abdomen irrorated
with brown. Fore wings white; basal half of costa and
part of cell thickly irrorated with brown, forming a dark
shade with its hind edge somewhat curved, the inner margin
with only a few brown scales, the whole limited by a white
line, broadest below cel], and preceded on inner margin by a
small yellowish spot; a medial brown line from costa, not
reaching median, followed by a buff shade on costa and some
brown irorations below it; discocellular defined by two
oblique brown lines ; a brown shade beyond cell suffusing
with postmedial line, which is slightly outbent from costa to
vein 3; postmedial space below cell and vein 3 yellow-buff,
interrupted by a white shade on inner margin; an oblique
silvery white streak from below discocellular to inner margin
before tornus and an opalescent spot at tornus; postmedial
line followed from costa by a silvery-white streak ; the sub-
terminal brown from costa to vein 6, then yellow-buff,
followed by a silvery-white line to below vein 2, finely
edged with fuscous; termen yellow-buff; cilia grey. Hind
wings white; a medial yellow-buff spot, not reaching below
vein 2, followed by opalescent white and preceded by a few
brown scales in cell ; a postmedial yellow-buff line expanding
towards costa and extending to termen below vein 2; a sub-
terminal white space, crossed by a fine wavy yellow-buff
line from near apex to vein 5; three or four terminal black
spots outwardly edged and separated by silvery scaling, also
preceded by a black line, forming two deep lunules above
each spot ; a fine brown streak near inner margin and small
brown spot near angle.

Expanse 16-28 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Tuis, Esperanza, Guapiles.

672 Mr. W. Schaus on

Argyractis amethystina, sp. n.

?. Head, collar, and thorax white, the collar outwardly
fuscous grey. Abdomen dorsally white at base and on
seventh and eighth segments, otherwise shaded with fuscous
grey. Fore wings white; costa on basal third and ante-
medial shade broad and inbent on inner margin, olive-brown,
the latter closely followed by an inbent medial line from
costa to submedian; costa medially buff, shaded with brown ;
reniform outlined by a geminate olive-brown line, sometimes
meeting behind ; an outbent similar postmedial shade from
costa to vein 3, followed by a broad white shade ; a sub-
terminal silvery-white line, faintly edged with dark grey
and preceded by a brown and yellowish shade; termen
yellow; outer space from below cell before discocellular to
inner margin yellow, with a terminal horizontal silvery
streak below fold. Hind wings white; a broad antemedial
grey-brown space, expanding on inner margin towards angle
and crossed by a whitish streak just below cell; a medial
yellow spot above vein 2, the white following it opalescent ;
outer portion of wing above vein 2 yellow, its inner edge
vertical ; a terminal black space, on which are annular metallic
lines, preceded by a narrow white space, crossed by a brown
line between veins 6 and 7.

Hxpanse, ¢ 12, 9 17 mm.

Hab. Esperanza, Guapiles, Carillo.

Argyractis nitens, sp. n.

¢. Body white ; subdorsal brown spots on second segment
of abdomen. Wings silky white. Fore wings: a fuscous-
brown spot on costa and one on inner margin near base ; an
oblique brownish antemedial shade on inner margin and faint
trace of similar shade on costa ; a medial fuscous-brown spot
on costa and fine vertical medial brownish line, slightly
inbent on inner margin; two short oblique brown lines at
discocellular, from inner one a fine brown line incurved,
then outwardly oblique, and downcurved on inner margin ;
a postmedial brown line outbent from costa to vein 4, where
it is slightly hooked; a subterminal brown shade, wide on
costa, narrowing to vein 2, then inbent along it and ex-
panding ; below it and vein 2 an orange line upturned along
termen and not quite reaching apex, “inwardly edged along
termen by a fine fuscous line; a marginal dark grey streak
along submedian fold to tornus, and below it a yellow spot
on inner margin ; cilia grey, tinged with fuscous at base and

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 673

at apex. Hind wings: a medial narrow brown shade ; a
downbent fine postmedial line, followed by another fine line
on discocellular, outbent at vein 5, and irregular to near
apex ; small marginal black spots, well circled with metallic
scales, which cover termen, inwardly the metallic edging
preceded by a fine lunular black line ; termen orange at
apex.

Expanse 21 mm.

Hab. Tuis.

Near A. chalcistis, Dogn.

Argyractis parvissimalis, sp. n.

Body brown ; abdomen crossed by fuscous-brown shades.
Fore wings grey-buff, with darker irrorations; a faint paler
medial shade, followed on costal half by a broad fuscous
shade ; postmedial faint, whitish, outbent to near subterminal
at vein 4, sharply angled and upbent towards discocellular ;
subterminal white, separated from terminal orange shade by
a fine dark line; the terminal orange shade not extending
below vein 3. Hind wings grey-buff, with medial, post-
medial, and subterminal fuscous shades; the terminal black
spots small, edged with metallic scales, and separated, the
spots nearest apex especially so.

Expanse 10 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Argyractis peraltalis, sp. n.

3. Palpi buff, shaded with steel-grey. Body buff; thorax
behind and base of abdomen shaded with brown; second
segment dorsally fuscous grey, third white. Fore wings:
base dark brown, its outer edge oblique, formed by a whitish-
yellow space, broad on inner margin, outwardly limited by a
vertical medial line, dark brown on costa and cell, orange
below it ; outer space below cell and vein 3 mostly orange,
with some yellowish white on inner margin and at tornus ;
anterior space beyond medial line dark brown, with a white
shade on discocellular, an outbent white postmedial line, and
a submarginal white line from costa to vein 2; termen
yellow; cilia fuscous brown. Hind wings: base white,
with a large brown spot between cell and inner margin,
otherwise orange, with two large terminal spots cut by
metallic lilac lines, the anterior spot only slightly sur-
mounted with white; a short postmedial white streak.

Expanse 10 mm.

Hab. Peralta.

674 Mr. W. Schaus on

Argyractis puralis, sp. n.

9. Body and wings white. Fore wings: a black point
on base of costa; three fuscous-brown subbasal spots in an
inbent row from costa; a brown shade medially on costa, an
inbent fine brownish line below it to submedian ; postmedial
line fine, pale brown, very much outbent and curved, almost
reaching termen, inbent along vein 3 to discocellular, then
sinuous and vertical to inner margin; a brownish shade
along costa above postmedial; apex acute, somewhat falcate ;
termen yellow from vein 5 to apex, inwardly edged by a
brown line. Hind wings: a fine antemedial brownish line ;
a sinuous fine subterminal line.

Expanse 20 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas, Carillo.

Argyractis tristalis, sp. n.

?. Body grey-brown; abdomen slightly darker at base
and terminally, with faint pale segmental lines. Fore wings
grey-brown; a dark subbasal shade; a slightly darker
medial shade, angled on costa and slightly inbent ; a faint
ochreous line on discocellular, finely darker edged; outer
line remote, straight on costa, slightly outeurved and inbent
to before discocellular, angled and outcurved to inner margin
as a postmedial line, and is fine, indistinct, outwardly pale
shaded ; small terminal fuscous spots. Hind wings white ;
a sinuous medial fuscous line, expanding, and darker on
inner margin at angle; a faint subbasal shade; a fine sub-
terminal, wavy, dentate line; a terminal narrow ochreous
shade, finely edged with dark grey.

Expanse 23 mm.

Hab. San José.

Near A. cineralis, Schs.

Argyractis triumphalis, sp. n.
@. Body whitish buff; frons shaded with dark grey, the

collar outwardly with brown, the abdomen dorsally with buff-
brown. Fore wings: base to near middle greyish brown
anteriorly, on inner margin somewhat browner, limited by an
inbent whitish shade, and dark brown medial line from costa
to submedian ; beyond this buff-brown on costa; a white
streak through end of cell, downbent beyond it ; below cell
whitish, suffused with yellow to inner margin and termen,
but interrupted by a small white spot postmedially below
vein 2 and an opalescent spot at tornus ; a postmedial brown

Fleterocera from Costa Rica, 675

shade on costa, tapering to a point at vein 3, followed by a
white line joining the downbent line from cell; a brown and
yellow subterminal thick line from costa to vein 2, followed
by a silvery-white line ; the termen yellow ; cilia grey, with
a fuscous line at base. Hind wings white, basal half of cell
and inner margin shaded with brown; a postmedial yellow
spot, preceded and followed by an opalescent white streak ;
outer space above vein 2 yellow, with the usual terminal
black space cut by metallic lilac scales, and inwardly preceded
by a small white space from veins 5-7, crossed by a black
line between 6 and 7; the black spot nearest vein 2 sur-
mounted by opalescent blue and roseate scales.

Expanse, ¢ 11, 2 16 mm.

Hab. Esperanza.

The male has inner margin of hind wings without brown
shading.

Argyractis volcanalis, sp. n.

?. Palpi whitish buff. Head white. Collar dull grey-
brown in front, shaded behind with yellowish white. Thorax
white, patagia tipped with yellow-buff. Abdomen above
buff-brown, the second segment dark grey ; faint pale seg-
mental lines. Fore wings: base of costa and a broad sub-
basal inbent line fuscous brown, enclosing a white shade on
inner margin and an ochreous shade above it; also followed
below ceil by an ochreous and white shade; costa beyond to
postmedial yellowish white, shaded with orange and crossed
by a dark medial line; cell and space below it dull grey-
brown, crossed by the darker medial line, which is inbent
close to inner margin; this is medially white, expanding to
submedian between medial and postmedial lines ; a white
streak on discocellular; postmedial dark brown, oblique from
costa to vein 3, sharply angled towards discocellular, en-
closing a small white shade, suffusing with the grey-brown
shade around discocellular streak, then downturned, and out-
angled below vein 2; this line is followed by a yellowish-
white shade, becoming orange, but is interrupted between
vein 2 and fold by a fuscous-grey streak to termen ; a sub-
terminal white streak from costa near apex to vein 3, in-
wardly shaded with dark brown, broadly on costa, and out-
wardly edged by a black line, not reaching apex; termen
from apex to vein 2 orange; an inbent white streak at
tornus ; cilia grey, shaded with fuscous at base, cut by white
streaks between veins. Hind wings white; a short grey-
brown streak at cell and vein 2, and a small spot near inner

676 Mr. W. Schaus on

margin above angle; a broader and longer vertical streak
across median, nearer end of cell; a subterminal similar
streak from near apex to vein 3; termen from vein 2 to near
apex metallic golden, preceded by a velvety-black space
broken into five spots by metallic lilac shades.

Expanse 19-27 mm.

Hab. Tuwrrialba, Poas.

Ambia argyractalis, sp. n.

?. Palpi, head, collar, and thorax creamy white, the latter
medially shaded with grey. Abdomen whitish, with broad
transverse segmental grey shades, dorsally interrupted at
base. Wings thickly irrorated with fuscous grey on a
whitish ground ; a fine outbent subbasal white line, suffusing
with a white streak on submedian from base, and with a
short white streak on inner margin to antemedial, which is
also fine, whitish, edged with darker grey, outcurved from
costa; a broad medial whitish shade on costa ; discocellular
line fine, edged with white ; postmedial deeply outcurved to
near termen, fuscous, terminating at vein 2; a postmedial
curved whitish shade below vein 2, in a line with disco-
cellular ; termen whitish, with a subterminal greyish line; a
fine terminal black line; cilia long, the basal half buff,
crossed by two fuscous lines, the outer half silvery grey.
Hind wings: base white; a tuft of long black scales below
vein 2 medially; a fuscous subterminal line, inangled at
vein 2, followed by a narrow white shade; outer margin
sinuous; small quadrate velvety-black spots on either side
of veins 2-4, separated by orange streaks and preceded by
silvery scales. Underneath whitish, the veins and costal
margins shaded with pale brown; the outer lines fuscous
brown, distinct ; the terminal lines on fore wings broken into
minute spots.

Expanse 20 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Near A. metalophota, Hmpsn.

Ambia intortalis, sp. n.

¢. Body white, banded with brown-orange. Wings
white, the markings yellowish brown. Fore wings: basal
third of costa yellow-brown, extending into cell ; inbent sub-
basal and antemedial lines; a medial line, followed by a
brown shade in cell, inbent on inner margin ; a Junular line
on discocellular, edged with fuscous, followed by yellowish
streaks on veins ; the costa postmedially yellowish ; terminal

TTeterocera from Costa Rica. 677

space yellow-brown; outer line white, edged with fuscous,
inbent at vein 3 to discocellular, then yellow, downbent, and
outwardly oblique ; a subterminal broken white line, edged
with fuscous. Hind wings: an antemedial line; a medial
line, followed by a dark brown shade from below vein 2 to
inner margin, above vein 2 yellow-brown, expanding, en-
closing a small whitish shade beyond cell, and outwardly
edged with fuscous, which is followed by an irregular white
postmedial line ; terminal space as on fore wings.

Expanse 16 mm.

Hab, Carillo.

Ambia perornatalis, sp. n.

9. Head white; vertex behind brown. Thorax white,
crossed by a brown line behind ; patagia brown, spotted with
white in front. Abdomen above brown, with white seg-
mental lines at base. Wings yellow-brown, shaded with
darker brown, the spots silvery white edged with fuscous; a
small spot on costa near base ; a large spot on inner margin
from cell, inbent towards base, followed by a small spot
between fold and submedian; a spot on costa just beyond
middle, followed by a short streak below costa; a large
medial spot on inner margin, its upper edge downbent along
vein 2; a small elongated spot beyond cell; a large outer
spot from costa, inwardly oblique to vein 4; a postmedial
streak between veins 2 and 3; a large spot at tornus; a
marginal spot from veins 4-6; a whitish streak at apex.
Hind wings: a broad antemedial fascia ; a small spot beyond
cell; a large oblique postmedial spot from costa to vein 4, a
minute spot below it, and elongated spot to inner margin near
angle; marginal white spots, the largest at apex and between
veins 2 and 3.

Expanse 17 mm.

Hab. San Gerénimo.

Near A. leucoplaca, Hmpsn.

Nymphula fluvialis, sp. n.

?. Body white ; some yellow-buff shading on shoulders,
thorax behind, and segmentally at base of abdomen. Wings
white ; a fuscous line on costa at base; a subbasal similar
line, becoming yellowish buff below cell; antemedial pale
yellow shades on costa, in cell, below it, and on inner margin ;
a medial fuscous line, diverging below cell and forming
a ring; a pale yellow spot at end of cell, its outer edge
incurved ; an indistinct sinuous, postmedial, fuscous line; a

678 Mr. W. Schaus on

broad and irregular subterminal yellow-buff shade; a similar
terminal shade, expanding at vein 8. Hind wings: a gemi-
nate antemedial fuscous line, partly filled in with dark
irrorations; a large yellow-buff spot at end of cell; a post-
medial fuscous line, inangled on vein 6, then outcurved,
inbent at vein 4, and straight from 3 to just above angle on
inner margin ; an irregular subterminal and terminal yellow-
buff shade.

Expanse 18 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

Oligostigma mollitalis, sp. n.

Body and wings white. Fore wings: a black spot at base
of cell; a brown basal line on costa, followed by a large
yellowish spot ; an antemedial yellowish curved line; disco-
cellular surrounded by a fuscous line, except behind, where
the inner portion of line continues as a wavy yellowish
medial line to inner margin, the outer portion expanding
between veins 3 and 5, also yellowish, and is upbent to costa
as a fine postmedial line; some yellowish streaks and dark
irrorations beyond discocellular and above it ; a subterminal
yellowish shade, followed by a fine fuscous line from and
incurved at apex; terminal orange streaks at apex. Hind
wings: antemedial, postmedial, and subterminal lines, slightly
curved, and shaded with brown on inner margin.

EExpanse 13 mm.

Hab. Carillo, Sixola, Esperanza.

Oligostigma profusalis, sp. n.

?. Palpi white, streaked above with olive-brown. Body
dark olive-brown ; white lines on frons near eyes; patagia
edged with white; segmental white lines on abdomen.
Wings olive-brown. Fore wings: two whitish lines at base
inbent from costa; an outbent medial whitish fascia from
costa to submedian fold, then sharply inbent along inner
margin, edged by a geminate fuscous line filled in with
clearer white; a similar postmedial space, wide on costa, its
outer edge incurved below vein 6, so that it forms a narrow
oblique projection to just below vein 2 ; asubterminal white
line, edged with black, its inner margin incurved below
vein 4, making it broader; termen narrowly bright yellow ;
cilia silvery grey, crossed by a fuscous line at base. Hind
wings: base narrowly white; a broad white medial fascia,
crossed by fuscous lines near its margins; outer space

ee

~~ a

Heterocera from Costa Rica. 679

yellowish brown; a subterminal white line edged with
fuscous from below vein 4 to near anal angle; outer margin
indentate above vein 3 and above vein 5 ; a terminal velvety-
black line from just below vein 4 to near apex, cut by yellow
veins, and partly with small white spots on interspaces ;
termen bright yellow beyond the subterminal white line.

Expanse 29 mm.

Hab, Guapiles.

Near O. cryptalis, Dr.

Aulacodes delicata, sp. n.

3. Head, collar, and thorax dark olive-brown ; a few fine
white scales on vertex and collar, thorax laterally whitish.
Abdomen bistre, shaded with white at base. Fore wings
olive-brown, the lines white; a fine antemedial line, nearly
vertical, inbent on inner margin; a fine medial line, out-
wardly oblique; postmedial outbent, thicker, indistinctly
suffusing with the similar outer line, which is inbent ; sub-
terminal broad, slightly inbent above tornus, suffusing at
apex with terminal line, which is broad to vein 5, only faintly
indicated below it. Hind wings dark grey-brown, with faint
indications of a pale medial and subterminal line.

Expanse 15 mm.

Hab. Carillo, Esperanza.

Parthenodes incultalis, sp. n.

3g. Palpi, head, collar, and thorax whitish, irrorated with
bistre-grey. Abdomen white, dorsally shaded with pale
buff, the base irrorated with grey, ore wings semihyaline
greyish white ; the base broadly and margins opaque white,
shaded with bistre and irrorated with dark grey, the irrora-
tions less apparent on costa; faint bistre shadings in cell ;
discocellular streak bistre, inwardly edged with some black
irrorations ; some faint bistre shadings before terminal white
space. Hind wings white, irrorated with dark grey, forming
a more distinct medial shade, postmedial space somewhat
hyaline, tinged with bistre and crossed by dark irrorations.

Expanse 17 mm.

Hab. Carillo.

Clupeosoma lavinia, sp. n.

@. Palpi orange-brown. Head, collar, and_ thorax
brownish grey; some white on vertex. Abdomen dorsally
brownish buff, laterally white. Fore wings: the base nar-

680 Mr. W. Schaus on

rowly and margins clear dark brownish grey, the discal space
semihyaline whitish, crossed by orange-brown veins and
broken into spots by dark brown lines ; a large antemedial
spot from subcostal to near inner margin, preceded by a
small spot below cell; a large medial spot in cell and one
below, cut by an orange- brown shade on fold; discocellular
broadly brownish grey, suffusing with costa and expanding
behind along median; a fine inbent postmedial line, out-
curved from costa to vein 6, again to vein 3, then sinuous to
submedian ; the terminal dark space widest between veins 5
and 6 and from vein 3 to inner margin ; a terminal black
line ; margin incurved below apex and below vein 3; cilia
buff in curves, otherwise fuscous. Hind wings opalescent
white, the termen narrow brown-grey. Hind wings below
with a fine broken postmedial line and terminal fuscous
points ; a medial brown spot on costa.
Expanse 20 mm.

Hab. Juan Vinas.

Piletocera inconspicua, sp. n.

?. Body and wings grey-brown; some white shading on
vertex ; segmental white lines on abdomen. Fore wings :
a subbasal - fuscous line and antemedial point in cell; an
oblique streak on discocellular and medial line below it to
inner margin, its upper end faintly downbent on vein 2;
outer line thick on costa and slightly incurved and oblique
to tornus, outwardly pale shaded; the costa at apex shaded
with mae ; a broad terminal fuscous line intersected by veins.
Hind wings: a medial line; an outer line from costa to
vein 2 at termen, which it follows to anal angle. Wings
below white, the fore wing shaded with fuscous ; the lines
very distinct; the medial lines on hind wings from discal
spot to inner margin.

Expanse 16 mm.

Hab. Sixola.

Stenta carillalis, sp. n.

3. Palpi fuscous brown, fringed below with white.
Frons dark grey. Vertex, collar, thorax, and base of abdo-
men white, the shoulders shaded with brown, the abdomen
terminally with dark grey. Fore wings dirty white, lines
fuscous brown, also costa to beyond middle; a curved sub-
basal line; an antemedial linear quadrate spot in cell ; reni-
form large, linear ; a medial line on inner margin, downbent
above vein 2 to outer line, which is rathet r heavier, straight

Heterocera from Costa Lica. 681

from costa to vein 5, then slightly outeurved; a terminal
dark shade from apex to vein 4, and small spets below it.
Hind wings white ; a medial line, slightly interrupted below
cell, the inner portion of line downbent above vein 2; outer
line irregular from costa to termen at vein 2; a slight dark
shade at apex and terminal points,

Expanse 18 mm.

Hab, Carillo.

Stenia pacificalis, sp. n.

6. Palpi dark brown, fringed below with white. Frons
dark grey, vertex white; collar and thorax grey-buff, the
collar outwardly and shoulders brown. Abdomen above
whitish at base, otherwise dark brown crossed by whitish
segmental lines. Wings whitish, thickly irrorated with
grey-brown. Fore wings: costa darker shaded, the markings
fuscous; a curved subbasal line; an antemedial point in
cell and one below it; a streak on discocellular and wavy
medial line from cell to inner margin ; a slightly irregular
vertical outer line ; small terminal spots, Hind wings: base
of inner margin clearer; a wavy medial line; a wavy outer
line to termen at vein 2. Hind wings below with medial
line absent on costa a, d just helow cell,

Expanse 22 mm.

Hab. Poas.

?. Hind wings white, with lines as in male ; otherwise
very much like S. poasalis, Schs, ; also near S, datisalis, Dr,

Stenia poasalis, sp. n,

go. Palpi black. Head buff. Collar grey, outwardly
shaded with fuscous. Thorax and abdomen grey, irrorated
with grey-brown, the abdomen dorsally shaded with fuscous,
Fore wings whitish, thickly irrorated with grey-brown, the
lines fine, darker; an antemedial dark point in cell and faint
streak on discocellular; an outer line, vertical, to inner
margin near tornus; cilia bufi-grey, crossed by a darker
line. Hind wings white; costal margin narrowly grey-
brown ; a wavy postmedial line from costa to vein 2, then
upbent to near cell and downturned to inner margin ; a dark
terminal line; cilia whitish, crossed by a dark line. Hind
wings below similar, but with a smal] dark spot on disco-
cellular anteriorly.

Expanse 27 mm.

Hab. Poas.
Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 8. Vol. ix. 4

Ci

682 On a new Characid Fish from the Amazon.

LXXIV.—On a new Genus of Cyprinoid Fishes from High
Asia. By Dr. Ertcn ZucmMayer, Munchen.

Amonc the fishes collected by Professor Dr. G. Merzhacher
in the Thian-Shan range during 1907 and 1908 there is a
number of Cyprinoids hitherto undescribed and deserving
generic rauk.

ee merzbacheri, gen, et sp. n.
D2, Poa Ve p Ae ©. 2 WS 73.

Bady ued and slightly compressed, its depth being
contained 52 times in the total length (including the caudal).
Length of head 4+ in total length ; caudal peduncle twice as
long as high, its length being the same as that of the
pectoral. Fins short, origin of dorsal very slightly behind
that of ventrals, anal entirely behind dorsal. Month
terminal, its cleft oblique ; maxillary reaches to below front
margin of eve, dental to below centre. Upper jaw pro-
tractile by 2 of diameter of orbit. Lower jaw without
symphysial knob or corresponding notch. Abdomen
rounded ; lateral line complete, slightly irregular in fore
part, terminating in middle of caudal “peduncle. Pharyngeal
teeth in two series, 3—5—5-—3, compressed and notched.

Colour bronzy on back, sides of head and body yellowish
silvery, very finely scattered dark dots along the sides.

Length not exceeding 10 inches.

Sixteen specimens were caught in Manass River, west of
Urumtchi, on the north slopes of the Thian-Shan range,
where the river enters into the plain.

ie?

LXX.V.—Description of a new Characid Fish from the
Amazon. By C. Tate Reaan, M.A.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Iquanodectes rachovit, sp. n.

Depth of body nearly equal to length of head, about 43 in
the length. Snout a little shorter than diameter of eye,
which is equal to the length of postorbital part of head or to
interorbital width. Jaws equal anteriorly ; maxillary small,

:

On Mammals from Panyam, N. Nigeria. 683

not extending to below the eye; teeth in jaws uniserial,
multicuspid incisors; premaxillaries with an anterior external
pair of unicuspid teeth. Dorsal 10-11; origin nearer to
base of caudal than to end of snout. Anal 33-34; origin
below middle of dorsal. Pectoral shorter than head. Caudal
forked. About 60 scales in a lateral longitudinal series, 9
from dorsal fin to lateral line, 5 or 6 from lateral line to
pelvics. Olivaceous above, silvery below, with a plumbeous
lateral band ending in a blackish spot on the middle caudal
rays,

Four specimens, 47 to 60 mm, in total length, from the
Amazon at Manaos, presented to the British Museum by
Herr A. Rachow.

The genus Jguanodectes, Cope, ‘established for Z, tenuis
from the Ambyiacu River, is related to Piabuca, differing in
that the thorax and abdomen are not compressed to an edge,
just as Brycon differs from Chalctnus,

LXXVI.—ZList of a Third Collection of Mammals from
Panyam, N. Nigeria, presented by the Rev. G, T, Fow.
By OLDFIELD THOMAS.

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Tue British Museum has received from the Rev, G. T, Fox
a third collection of mammals from the interesting locality in
N. Nigeria where the two previous collections described in
the ‘ Annals’ were obtained. But I regret to announce that
this will be the last that we shall owe to Mr. Fox, as he died
of fever early in this year, losing his life in the missionary
cause that he had so much at heart. Asa collector he was
keen and enthusiastic, and we hoped to have many more
valuable contributions from him.

The present series contains several species additional to the
previous lists, and notably a good set of a new Dasymys,
which lives in the streams like the British water-vole, and
which I have named after Mr, @ox as a final tribute to his
memory.

All the specimens are from Panyam, on the plateau of the
same name ; elevation 4000’.

1. Croctidura sp. (near soricotdes, Murray).

a tol.
’ 45*

684 Mr. O. Thomas on

2. Erinaceus sp.

?. 91 (skull broken).

3. Mungos (Ichneumia) albicauda, G. Cuve

6.155. Panyam.

A very fine specimen ; tail black.

In the absence of good specimens representing the true
Senegal albicauda, nigricauda, Pucheran, and loempo, Tem-
minck, I do not now attempt to determine the exact race to
which the Panyam “ white-tailed” mungoose belongs.

4, Euxerus erythropus, Geoft.
3. 157 (immature).

5. Graphiurus (? lorraineus, Dollm.).
9. 142.
Not fully adult, and therefore not determinable with
certainty.
6. Tatera kempi, Wrought.
6 x 1d) TA 1555 WP PST 28S aos

7. Taterillus nigerie, Thos.

@. 129, 137.

8. Dendromus nigrifrons, True.
9 pases os

9. Steatomys caurinus, Thos.

ol 1323135; 1435-25133:
‘“« Hibernating—very fat.”—G. T. F.

10. Epimys dalton?t, Thos.
gd. 140,154; 2. 85.

11. Epimys sp. (multimammate).
9. 125.

12. Cricetomys gambianus olivie, Dollm.

9. 196,
The typical specimens were obtained in Bornu.

Mammals from Panyam, N. Nigeria. 685

13. Arvicanthis mordax, Thos.
do. 94, 120, 121, 126, 130, 149; ¢. 98, 134, 138, 141.

14. Arvicanthis barbarus nigeria, Thos.
eg. 92, 122, 139.

15. Uranomys foxi, Thos.

do. 124.

A second specimen of this rare species is a welcome
accession.

16. Dasymys foxt, sp. n.

Gada, 130,145; 9. 95, 96, 127, 144.

Allied to the Uganda D. medius; larger, and with larger
teeth than the Liberian D. rufulus.

Size about as in D. medvus, or a little larger. Fur loose
and coarse. General colour of about the same warm brown
as in medius, though the mixture is coarser, owing to the
buffy subterminal rings on the hairs being longer. Sides
and under surface washed with dull clay-colour or pale bufty.
Muzzle, ears, feet, and tail dark smoky brown.

Skull a little longer than that of medius; muzzle more
parallel-sided ; interorbital region broader; brain-case a
longer oval, its ridges less strongly developed. Concavity of
anteorbital plate well marked. Palatal foramina long and
narrow. Bulle averaging rather smaller than in medtus,
though both species vary in this respect. Molars larger and
heavier, broader in proportion to the space between them.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh) :—

Head and body 144 mm.; tail 151; hind foot 33 ; ear 23.

Skull: greatest length 37°5; condylo-incisive length 37°8 ;
zygomatic breadth 19; nasals 15; interorbital breadth 4°6 ;
palatilar length 20; diastema 12-1; palatal foramina 8°8 ;
upper molar series 7°7 ; breadth of palate between m! 2:0,

Type. Adult female. B.M. no. 12. 4.3.15. Original
number 95. Collected 27th December, 1911.

‘* Water-rat ; found on river-banks ; a great swimmer.”’—
Gude 2k. :

The species of the genus Dasymys are not very sharply
defined, but I cannot identify Mr. Fox’s one with any pre-
viously described. ‘The teeth are materially larger than in
the only known W.-African form, D. rufulus, Miller, and its
nearest ally would seem rather to be J). medius of Central
Africa, with which it is compared in the description above.

Mr. Fox’s observation that this animal is a water-rat is of

686 Mr. O. Thomas on new Species of

interest, as there are remarkably few distinctively water
animals among the small rodents of Africa, and the other
members of the genus are said to be inhabitants of deep
grass and swampy ground.

17. Georychus foxi, Thos.
Go» 18, 82

18. Lepus sp. (perhaps ZL. zecht, Matsch.).
g. 150. Panyam.

LXXVII.—WNew Species of Crocidura and Petaurista from
Yunnan. By OLpFieLp THOMAS,

(Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Museum.)

Crocidura dracula, sp. n.

A large blue-grey species, with a long slender tail.

General characters very much as in C. attenuata, M.-Edw.,
but size larger. Colour above uniform dark bluish grey
(about grey no. 4) ; underside ‘‘ smoke-grey,” or rather more
drab. Hands and feet dull whitish. Tail long, slender, not
incrassated, grey-brown above, whiter below and at the

extreme tip; long caudal bristles present, but not specially
numerous.

Skull as in C. attenuata, but larger.

Dimensions of the type (measured on the skin) :—

Head and body 92 mm. (collector’s flesh-measurement 85) ;
tail 69; hind foot 17.

Skull: condylo-basal length 22°4 ; condylo-incisive length
245 greatest breadth 10°2 ; upper tooth-series 10°5; breadth
across molars 71.

Hab. Yunnan (probably near Mong-tze).

Type. Adult male. Original number 34. Collected 30th
April, 1910, by Orn. Four specimens examined.

‘This shrew is most closely allied to the Chinese C. at-
tenuata, M.-Kdw., but differs by its larger size. I owe to
Prof. Trouessart, of the Paris Museum, some detailed measure-
ments of the Paris specimens of C. attenuata, which have
helped me in making this comparison.

No Crocidura of this type has been described from India,

where nearly all the white-toothed shrews are members of
Pachyura. ;

Crocidura and Petaurista from Yunnan. 687

Petaurista marica, sp. n.

A white-spotted species near P. punctatus *.

Size, judging by skull, about as in P. punctatus. Fur
very soft and fine. General colour above, apart from the
white spots, approaching “tawny olive,’ becoming more
tawny posteriorly and on the patagium, the hairs subter-
minally ringed with buffy or ochraceous; anteriorly the
colour darkens to blackish, the ends of the hairs on the crown
glossy black. Upper surface of head and body with a variable
number of pure white spots, each about 4—} inch in diameter,
the least spotted of the three specimens having about thirty
spots and the most spotted perhaps double that number, with
the head particularly profusely spotted ; in none, however,
are the spots so numerous and widely spread as in the type
of P. punctatus. Patagium tawny above, brilliant ochraceous
rufous below. Under surface bright ochraceous buff; a dark
brown spot on the chin. Hands irregularly marked with
dark brown and deep tawny; outer sides of legs and upper
side of feet rich ochraceous rufous ; the digits in one specimen
partly brown. ‘Tail ochraceous rufous, some of the hairs
subterminally ringed with blackish and buffy; tip more or
less washed with blackish. »

Skull like that of the type of P. punctatus, but there is a
striking amount of variation in its general outline, especially
in that of the muzzle, this being long and narrow in No. 3,
short and broad in No. 2.

Dimensions of the type (measured in the flesh by the
Japanese collector) :—

Head and body 365 mm.; tail 380; hind foot 63; ear 44.

Skull: greatest length 63; condylo-incisive length 59 ;
greatest breadth 42; nasals 19°7x1l'4; palatilar length
29°5; palatal foramina 4°7 ; upper tooth-series exclusive of

p> 12°6.

Hab. Yunnan (probably near Mong-tze).

Type. Adult male. Original number 1. Collected 29th
January, 1910, by Orii.

This beautiful flying-squirrel is most closely related to
P. punctatus, but differs by its more yellowish general
colour, its blackish head, and bright rufous tail and feet.
The fact that all three specimens are spotted shows that this
character in P. punctatus is a normal one, and not a mere
individual aberration, as has been sometimes supposed.

* Petaurista is masculine, so that the masculine form of adjectival

names must be used for the species. But if the names are substantives in
apposition the more euphonious feminine form is permissible.

688 Bibliographical Notices.

In their skulls both P. punctatus and P. marica approach
the border-line of the genus towards the large species of
Sciuropterus (subgenus Hylopetes), which are not very readily
separable from them. Perhaps the best character to distin-
guish the two genera is the presence in Petaurista of a deep
slanting notch at the postero-internal angle of the upper
teeth, this being absent in Scecwropterus. But even this
character is less developed in the present annectant species
than in the other members of Petaurista.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.

Oxford Gardens. By R. T. Ginruer, M.A., Fellow of Magdalen

College. 8vo. Pp. xv, 280. Jllustrated. Parker, Oxford.
1912. Price 6s. net.

Tuts delightful little book is based upon Dr. Daubeny’s popular
guide to the Physick Garden of Oxford, the reissue of which in a
revised and enlarged form “is due to the fact that neither the
guides written by Dr. Daubeny nor the Garden itself are as well
known in Oxford as they ought to be.” The Oxford Botanic Garden
is the oldest in Great Britain, having been founded through the
generosity of Lord Danby in 1621, nearly sixty years before the old
Physick Garden at Chelsea. Robert Morison, the first professor,
was not appointed until 1669, but from 1632 Jacob Bobart, the
elder, was in charge of this garden, and in 1648 published the first
catalogue of plants. His son, also Jacob Bobart, succeeded Morison
as professor on the death of the latter in 1683. Later, the munifi-
cence of William Sherard secured the nomination of the celebrated
Dillenius (1734-1747) ; other famous botanists who have occupied
the Chair were John Sibthorp (1784-1795), best known by his
work on the flora of Greece, and Dr. Daubeny (1834-1867), who,
finding the garden in a most unsatisfactory state, lived to see it
‘entirely rearranged, enriched with extensive houses, extended in
area, and made both attractive and beautiful.” All this and much
more of historical interest the reader will find in Mr. Giinther’s
Introduction, which is followed by an account of the Contents of
the Garden, not in the form of a mere catalogue, but in a series of
chapters in which former arrangements are referred to, while
numerous observations, anecdotal and otherwise, are inserted.
Mr. Giinther refers to his work as a labour of love, and modestly
suggests that he is merely an amateur. We suspect, therefore, that
he does not fully realize the significance of his remark on American
nomenclature when he says, apropos of the Californian Big-tree
(Sequoia gigantea): “An American botanist has renamed this
genus Washingtona: there is no end to the confusion introduced

Bibliographical Notices, 689

into scientific nomenclature by the ignorance or jealousy of
‘scientists’ over the water ”!

The account of the plants is supplemented by a series of
“faunistic notes” ; following these is a chapter on the Herbarium,
one of the richest in pre-Linnean collections, and including the
‘herbaria: of Morison, Du Bois, and Sherard, as well as those of
Dillenius and Sibthorp.

The Fielding Herbarium of over 80,000 specimens was acquired
in 1852. The Museum, Library, Lecture- and Work-rooms, Pro-
fessor’s house (where the Professor does not reside), and Experi-
mental Garden are described, and there is also an interesting
Bibliography. An Appendix is devoted to the College Gardens
and others to the “* Parks” and “ Other Noteworthy Trees.”

Enough has been said to indicate the value of this little book,
not only to the student, but to any who are interested in Oxford
and its gardens ; and its value is enhanced by the beautiful photo-
graphic plates with which it is profusely illustrated. A.B. R.

Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalane in the British Museum.
Vol. XI. Catalogue of the Noctuide. By Sir Guoren F.
Hameson, Bart. London: Printed by Order of the Trustees,
1912. Pp. xvii, 689; price 20s. Pls. clxxiv.—cxci.; price
17s. 6d.

Vortvume XI. of this monumental work is the eighth devoted to the
Noctuide, and includes four subfamilies—Euteliane, Stictopterine,
Sarrothripine, and Acontiane. It is somewhat thinner than
Vol. X., which appeared in 1910. Only eight of the fifteen sub-
families into which the Author divides the Noctuide have yet been
discussed, and Vol. XI. extends to no. 7127. As some of the
largest subfamilies have still to come, we doubt if the middle of the
Noctuide has yet been reached. It is already evident that the
Catalogue of Moths is likely far to exceed the dimensions of
Dr. Bowdler Sharpe’s great Catalogue of Birds.

The moths described in Vol. XI, are mainly tropical or sub-
tropical, though a few are well-known European and even British
species, such as the very variable Sarrothripus revayana, described,
with a formidable array of synonyms, on pp. 265, 266. The
moth itself is very widely distributed, the Museum containing
specimens from Britain to Japan, from Scandinavia to Algeria
and Madras, and from Canada to California and Arizona.

In all points of importance Vol. XI. differs little from the
previous yolumes which we have had the pleasure of reviewing
from time to time. Besides the coloured plates, several very inter-
esting species are represented in the 275 illustrations in the text,
one of the most remarkable being Coseedia erateinalis, Walk., from
Borneo, figured on p. 481. f. 179. It goes without saying that a
large number of new genera and species are characterized in Vol. XI.
in addition to those previously described.

690 Geological Society.

Memoirs of the National Museum, Melbourne. No.4. Published
by Order of the Trustees. Melbourne, February 1912. Pp. 57,
pls. viii.

Turs contains an extremely interesting and varied series of papers,

dealing with Mollusca (Land-Shells ‘and a fossil Pe ecten), Insects

(Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Cicadide), and Fijian clubs ornamented

with Maori patterns, &c. The article on Lepidoptera is of special im-

portance, furnishing us with identifications of most of the Australian

Lepidoptera described by Walker in his ‘ Characters of undescribed

Lepidoptera Heterocera. The “Index to the Land-Shells of

Victoria ’’ and the “ Catalogue of Victorian Cicadide in the National

Museum, Melbourne,” followed by descriptions of new species, and

the “* Notes on a Collection of Tertiary Limestones and their Fossil

Contents from King Island,” are also valuable papers; and we

have pleasure in calling attention to the activity displayed by the

Melbourne Museum in ‘the publication before us.

PROCEEDINGS OF LEARNED SOCIETIES.
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

March 18th, 1912.—Dr. Aubrey Strahan, F.R.S., President,
in the Chair.

The following communication was read :—

‘Some New Lower Carboniferous Gasteropoda.’
By Mrs. Jane Longstatf (née Donald), F.L.S.

Eight species of gasteropoda are described, six being regarded as
belonging to five new genera or subgenera, the others representing
Pithodea, De Koninck, which has not previously been recorded from
the British or Irish Carboniferous Limestone. Among others, the
shell of Pleurotomaria (Tropidostropha) griffithi, M‘Coy, is described
in detail, and the nature of the fine pitting of its external surface
is discussed,

691

INDEX

to VOL. IX.

ABISPA, new species of, 120,
Achiea, new species of, 552.
Achatina, new species of, 71.
Acomys, new species of, 272.
Acridura, new species of, 297.
Adeonella contorta, on a structure
in, 489.
Adeonidz, remarks on the, 489.
Adersia, characters of the new genus,

/Egophagamyia, characters of the
new genus, 12.

/Mtholix, new species of, 246.

Agapostemon nasutus, new variety
of, 556.

Agrotera, new species of, 172.

Aidos, new species of, 56.

Allactaga, new subspecies of, 406.

Ambalangoda, characters of the new
genus, 187,

Ambia, new species of, 676.

Ambulyx, new species of, 54.

Andersen, K., on a new Nyctimene
from New Guinea, 95.

Andrarion, characters of the new
genus, 582.

Andrena thaspii, new variety of, 382.

Annelida, new, 67.

Anomala, new species of, 72.

Antabhoga, characters of the new
genus, 1865.

Anthidium, new species of, 563.

Anua, new species of, 552.

Apocera, characters of the new
genus, 660.

Arachnida, new, 229.

Argyractis, new species of, 670.

Aristaria, new species of, 209.

Arnbiick-Christie-Linde, Dr. A., on
the development of the teeth of
the Soricidze, 602.

Arrow, G. J., on new species of
Anomala from Sikhim, 72; on a
new melolonthid beetle destructive
to sugar-cane, 455 ; synoptical re-
vision of the genus Hexodon, 504.

Arsaciodes, characters of the new
genus, 207,

Arvicanthis, new subspecies of, 272.

Asilide, on the, of Australasia, 473,
585.

Aspiopsis, characters of the new
genus, 682.

Atracis, new species of, 468,

Aulacodes, new species of, 679.

Aulacoptera, new species of, 167.

Austen, E. E., on new genera and
species of Tabanide, 1; on new
African phlebotomic diptera, 353.

Azeta, new species of, 204.

Azochis, new species of, 307.

Bagnall, R. S., on three new species
of Thysanoptera, 214.

Barunoides, definition of the new
generic name, 471.

Bdellostoma, synopsis of the genus,
534.

Bembex, new species of, 414.

Bijaurana, characters of the new
genus, 648.

Blair, K. G., on new species of
Pyrochroidee, 527.

Blarina, new species of, 409.

Bocchoris, new species of, 257, 293.

Books, new:—Guide to the Fossil
Invertebrate Animals in the De-
partment of Geology and Palzon-
tology of the British Museum,
874; Howard and Fiske’s The
Importation into the United States
of the Parasites of the Gipsy
Moth and the Brown-tail Moth,
875; Giinther’s Oxford Gardens,
688 ; Hampson’s Catalogue of the
Lepidoptera Phalenze in the
British Museum, 689 ; Memoirs of
the National Museum, Melbourne,
690.

Boulenger, G. A., on anew fish from
British East Africa, 519.

Bouvierella, new species of, 16.

Brachyrrhopola, new species of,
588.

Brauns, Dr. H., on two new species
of Palarus from 8. Africa, 652.

Bryozoa, on a structure in the, 489.

692

se eset observations on the
‘amily, 67.
Burke, C. V., on the Cyclogasteride,
507.
Calliostoma, new species of, 473.
Cambogia, new species of, 537.
Caprinia, new species of, 324.
Careproctus, new species of, 510,
Carthara, new species of, 46.
Catapsephis, new species of, 161.
Centris, new species of, 140, 568,
Cephalophus, new subspecies of,
6d

Ceratins, new species of, 557.
Cerceris, new species of, 413.
Cerithium, new species of, 237.
Chalcidoptera, new species of, 321.
Chamyna, new species of, 205,
Chlorhoda, new species of, 203.
Chloropaschia, new species of, 666.
Chrostosoma, new species of, 34.
Chrysopogon, new species of, 483,
Chrysops, new species of, 18.
Cicadatra, new species of, 463.
Cichlosoma, new species of, 507.
Cicinnus, new species of, 56,
Citellus, new species of, 395.
Clanculus, new species of, 288,
Claphe, new species of, 41.
Clupeosoma, new species of, 679,
Cockerell, T. D. A., descriptions and
records of bees, 189, 220, 377,
554.

Cognetti de Martiis, Dr. L., on a
new species of the genus Perionyx,
67; on the geographical distri-
bution of the genus, 336.

Coleoptera, new, 57, 72, 455, 527,
598.

Colletes, new species of, 564,

Colobus, new subspecies of, 63.

Conchylodes, new species of, 324.

Conognatha, new species of, 59.

Copaxa, new species of, 43.

Corfe, Miss B. O., on Diapheromera
femorata, 350.

Cosmosoma, new species of, 35,

Crocidolomia, new species of, 306.

Crocidura, new species of, 686,

Ctenomys, new subspecies of, 241.

Cyamium, new species of, 637.

Cyclogasteride, note on the, 507.

Dactylomys, new subspecies of, 87.

Dasymys, new species of, 685,

Davisia, new species of, 639.

Deferunda, characters of the new
genus, 186,

INDEX.

Delhina, characters of the new
genus, 650,

Dendroides, new species of, 531.

Desmia, new species of, 172, 242,
291.

Dianthidium, new species of, 560,

Diapheromera femorata, on the life
and development of, 350.

Dichocrocis, new species of, 333.

Dichogama, new species of, 327.

Dicranorhina, new species of, 199.

Diptera, new, 1, 353, 473, 585, 633.

Distant, W. L., on new genera and
species of Oriental homoptera, 181,
459; on new genera and species of
rbynchota, 640.

Dithadaima, new species of, 429.

Docessissophothrips, new species of,
215.

Dollman, G., on a new gerbil from
British E. Africa, 219; on seven
new African dormice, 312.

Dorcalcemus, new species of, 353.

Druce, H., on new species of hetero-
cera, 552.

Druce, H. H., on new butterflies
from Borneo and Africa, 500; on
two new Mimacreas from Tropical
Africa, 635.

Dunama, characters of
genus, 52.

Dundubia, new species of, 641.

Dyromys, new species of, 393.

Dysdzemonia, new species of, 44.

Ectopioglossa, characters of the new
genus, 118.

Edwards, F. W., on the Australasian
species of Ochlerotatus, 521; ona
new species of Blepharoceride
from 8. Africa, 633.

Hilithyia, characters of the new
genus, 184.

Ellobius, new species of, 401.

Ellopia, new species of, 424.

Encopognathus, new species of, 419.

Entephria, new species of, 167, 290.

Kpora, new species of, 185,

Ercheia, new species of, 554.

Ercta, new species of, 246.

Kremobates, new species of, 234.

Kriopygidia, new species of, 550,

Ixrpis, new species of, 165,

Euprosopis, characters of the new
genus, 106.

Euryglossa, new species of, 110, 143.

Euryglossina, new species of, 113.

I-xoneura, new species of, 224.

the new

Oe

INDEX. 693

Fidicina, new species of, 643.

Filodes, new species of, 323.

Fishes, on the osteology of the
teleostean, of the order Opisthomi,
217; on the classification of the
teleostean, of the order Pediculati,
277; on-the anatomy and classifi-
cation of the Symbranchoid, 387 ;
new, 505, 510, 519, 535, G82.

Forculus, characters of the new
genus, 464,

Geetulia, new species of, 651.

Galago, new species of, 64.

Galeodes, new species of, 229.

Gamelia, new species of, 43.

— victorize, new variety of,
381

Gastrosericus, new species of, 421.

Geological Society, proceedings of
the, 274, 376, 690.

Geophagus, new species of, 505.

Glironia, characters of the new
genus, 239,

Glyphodes, new species of, 304.

Gnathoprosopis, characters of the
new genus, 104,

Godwin-Austen, Lt.-Col. H. H., on
the S.-African mollusca of the
family Zonitide, 122, 569.

Graphiurus, new species of, 312.

Heemalea, new species of, 431.

Hematopota, new species of, 366.

Halictus, new species of, 384.

Halisidota, new species of, 38.

Hampson, Sir G. ’.,on new Pyralidze
of the suborder Pyraustine, 149,
242, 321, 433, 626.

Helix hudsoniz, note on, 129.

Helogale, new subspecies of, 64.

Hemiceras, new species of, 53.

Heptatretus, synopsis of the genus,
53d,

Heterapis, new species of, 112.

Heterocampa, new species of, 49.

Hexodon, synoptical revision of the
genus, 594; new species of, 598.

Hilavrita, new species of, 464.

Hirst, S., on new arachnids of the
orders Solifuge and Pedipalpi, 229,

Homophysa, new species of, 156.

Homoptera, new, 181, 459, 640.

Huebner’s works on the lepidoptera,
dates of publication of, 175.

Hyzna, new subspecies of, 64.

Hyalea, new species of, 249.

Hydriomena, new species of, 546,

Hyloicus, new species of, 54.

Hymenoptera, new, 96, 189, 194,

Hypena, new species of, 212.
Hyperectis, new species of, 246.
Hyrmina, new species of, 537.
Icaria, new species of, 449.
Iguanodectes, new species of, 682.
Inoceramus, on the evolution of,
the cretaceous period, 274.
Ischalia, new species of, 532.
Ischnopteryx, new species of, 427.
Isogona, new species of, 205.
Isolopha, new species of, 670.
Jafuna, characters of the new genus,
647.
Jaminia, new species of, 71.
Jocara, new species of, 661.
Kaliella, new species of, 70.
Kelloggina, new species of, 633.
Kerkophorus, new species of, 576.
Ketumala, new species of, 466,
Khimbya, new species of, 642.
Kinnara, new species of, 187.
Lwevilitorina, new species of, 636,
Lagurus, new subspecies of, 401.
Larra, new species of, 198.
Latiaxis, new species of, 472.
Lemodes, new species of, 533.
Leontocebus, new species of, 85.
Lepidoptera, new, 54, 149, 202, 242,
289, 321, 428, 483, 500, 537, 552,
625, 635, 656,
Leptogaster, new species of, 475,
Leucinodes, new species of, 305,
Leucochroma, new species of, 249,
Lindsay, Miss B., on the boring
mollusea of St. Andrews, 369.
Liparis, observations on the genus,
507
Lipocosma, new species of, 160.
Lipocosmia, new species of, 290,
Locastra, new species of, 668.
Longstaff, Mrs. J., on new lower
earboniferous gasteropoda, 690.
Loéunberg, Dr. E., on new mammals
from British East Africa, 63.
Loxophlebia, new species of, 34,
Lygropia, new species of, 303.
Macalla, new species of, 667.
Mammals, new, 63, 84, 92, 93, 95,
219, 239, 271, 312, 348, 391, 408,
518, 685,
Marasmia, new species of, 247,
Marmosa, new species of, 409.
Massepha, new species of, 166,
Mastigoproctus, new species of, 235,
Mata, new species of, 459,

_

n

694

Matapoides, characters of the new
genus, 502.

Meade-Waldo, G., enumeration of
hymenoptera collected in Dutch
New Guinea, 446.

Mecynothrips, new species of, 216,

Megachile, new species of, 220.

Megachyta, new species of, 211.

Megalopyge, new species of, 55.

Meimuna, new species of, 642.

Melampsalta, new species of, 649,

Melanolophia, new species of, 426.

Melicharia, new species of, 463.

Meragisa, new species of, 51.

Meriones, new subspecies of, 395.

Meroglossa, new species of, 100, 144.

Mesoplia, new subspecies of, 567.

Mesoscia, new species of, 55.

Microkerkus, new species of, 580.

Microtus, new species of, 348, 398,
516.

Mimacrzea, new species of, 655.

Mollusca, new, 69, 182, 237, 445,
471, 576, 636; review of the S.-
African land-, 122, 569; on the
boring, of St. Andrews, 369,

Myospalax, new species of, 93.

Nacoleia, new species of, 301, 433,
625.

Nannacara, new species of, 505.

Natalina, new species of, 445.

Nelo, new species of, 428.

Neoalardus, definition of the new
generic name, 471.

Neoceratina, characters of the new
genus, 117.

Neocyrtopogon, characters of the
new genus, 589.

Neoherminia, new species of, 210.

Neopasiphae, characters of the new
genus, 114.

Neosaropogon, characters of the new
genus, 591.

Neurophyseta, new species of, 149,
289.

Nipteria, new species of, 427.

Nola, new species of, 36.

Nomada, new species of, 116.

Nomia, new species of, 877.

Nosophora, new species of, 321.

Nucula, new species of, 687.

Nyctimene, new species of, 95.

Nymphula, new species of, 677.

“{ysson, new species of, 416,

Ochlerotatus, on the Australian
species of, 521.

INDEX.

Ochotona, new subspecies of, 407.
Odopcea, new species of, 644.
Odynerus, new species of, 121.
Olceclostera, new species of, 45.
Oligocentris, new species of, 333.
Oligostigma, new species of, 678.
Onomacritus, characters of the new
genus, 461.
Oospila, new species of, 428.
Ophisma, new species of, 553.
Ophthalmophora, new species of,
423.
Opisthomi, on the osteology of the,
217.
Orchesma, new species of, 192.
Oricia, new species of, 433.
Osimia, new species of, 561.
Othoes, characters of the new genus,
231.
Oxytenis, new species of, 44.
Pachyprosopis, new species of, 141,
383.
Paleorhiza, new species of, 103.
Palarus, new species of, 652.
Pangonia, new species of, 2.
Panurothrips, new species of, 216.
Paracolletes, new species of, 378.
Paraketumala, characters of the new
genus, 467.
Parallelia, new species of, 554.
Paranotus, new species of, 467.
Parasphecodes, new species of, 225.
Parnara, new species of, 504.
Parthenodes, new species of, 679.
Pedestes, new species of, 501.
Pediculati, on the classification of
the, 277.
Peltatus, new species of, 132.
Peramys, new species of, 89.
Perdita, new species of, 562.
Perionyx, new species of, 67; geo-
graphical distribution of, 336.
Perkins, Dr. R. C. L., on aculeate
hymenoptera of the Australian
region, 96.
Petaurista, new species of, 687.
Phemolis, new species of, 38.
Phzochlena, new species of, 432.
Phascogale, new subspecies of, 92.
Phobolosia, new species of, 203.
Phryganodes, new species of, 298,
328.
Phytalus, new species of, 455.
Piletocera, new species of, 680.
Pilocrocis, new species of, 259, 295.
Pionea, new species of, 310.

INDEX.

Pison, new species of, 200.
Pitambara, new species of, 188.
Pococera, new species of, 656.
Platylomia, new species of, 182.
Platypleura, new species of, 181.
Polypeetes, new species of, 451.
Potamochcerus, new subspecies of ,66.
Preston, H. B., on the land-molluscan
fauna of Rhodesia, 69; on a new
helicoid land-shell from Cape

Colony and a new Succinea from

the Favihori, 445; on six new
pelecypods and two new gastro-
pods from the Falkland Islands,
636.

Procavia, new subspecies of, 66.

Prosopis, new species of, 145, 565,

Prout, L. B., on the dates of publi-
cation of the works of Jacob
Huebner on the lepidoptera, 175.

Psaliodes, new species of, 551.

Psenulus, new species of, 412.

Pseudagenia adusta, note on, 195,

Pseudotalara, new species of, 57.

Ptiloglossa, new species of, 562.

Pundaluoya, new species of, 199.

Pyena, new species of, 640.

Pyralopsis, new species of, 452.

Pyrausta, new species of, 311.

Pyrochroa, new species of, 527.

Quintilia, new species of, 646.

Rachiopogon, characters of the new
genus, 590.

Regan, C. T., on the osteology of
the order Opisthomi, 217; on the
classification of the order Pedicu-
lati, 277; on the anatomy and
classification of the Symbranchoid
eels, 387; on new cichlid fishes
from S. America, 505; synopsis
of the myxinoids of the genus
Heptatretus, 534; on a new cha-
racid fish from the Amazon, 682,

Regectaria, new species of, 208.

Rehimena, new species of, 170.

Renia, new species of, 207.

Rhectosomia, new species of, 309.

Rhimphalea, new species of, 248.

Rhinomyza, new species of, 7.

Rhodomena, new species of, 544.

Rhyncholita, new species of, 202.

Rhynchotragus, new subspecies of,
65.

Ricanoptera, new species of, 651.

Ricardo, Miss G., revision of the
Asilide of Australasia, 478, 585,

695

tifargia, new species of, 53,

Salluca, new species of, 49.

Samea, new species of, 255.

Sameodes, new species of, 306.

Sasserna, new species of, 206.

Saurita, new species of, 36,

Scaptonyx, new subspecies of, 514.

Schaus, W., on new heterocera from
Costa Rica, 34, 202, 289, 423, 557,
656.

Schizura, new species of, 48.

Scobura, new species of, 501.

Scopifera, new species of, 208.

Scybalista, new species of, 158, 289,

Seliza, new species of, 465.

Sepa, new species of, 503.

Serida, new species of, 189.

Sherborn, C. D., on the dates of

ublication of the works of Jacob
Aiuchites on the lepidoptera, 175.

Sogata, new species of, 191.

Soletellina, new species of, 288.

Solpuga, new species of, 232.

Soricide, on the development of the
teeth of the, 602.

Sowerby, G. B., on new species of
Cerithium &c., 257; on new species
of Voluta &c. from Japan, 471,

Sphex, new species of, 198,

Spilomela, new species of, 322,

Steatomys, new species of, 271,

Stenia, new species of, 680.

Steniscadia, new species of, 204.

Stericta, new species of, 669,

Stigmus, new species of, 411,

Stizus, new species of, 337.

Strathocles, new species of, 209.

Streptaxis, new species of, 69.

Succinea, new species of, 445.

Sufetula, new species of, 161,

Sylepta, new species of, 302.

Sylvisorex, new species of, 67.

Symbranchii, on the anatomy and
classification of the, 387.

Symphysa, new species of, 159.

Syngamia, new species of, 251, 292,

Tabanus, new species of, 26, 856.

Tabidia, new species of, 171.

Tachytes, new species of, 420,

Talmeca, new species of, 50.

Tanna, new species of, 182.

Tatera, new subspecies of, 219,

Terpnosia, new species of, 183, 462,

Tettigia, new species of, 460,

Thapsiella, new species of, 70,

Thliptoceras, new species of, 307,

696

Thomas, O., on small mammals from
the Lower Amazon, 84; on Phas-
cogale and. Chetocercus, 91 ;
revised determinations of two
species of Myospalax, 93; on a

new genus of opossums and a new

tuco-tuco, 239; on mammals of the
Panyam Plateau, 269, 683 ; on two
new Asiatic voles, 348; on mam-
mals from Central Asia, 391; on
three small mammals from S%.
America, 408; on insectivores and
rodents from N.W. Yunnan, 513;
on new species of Crocidura and
Petaurista from Yunnan, 686.
Thysanoptera, new, 214,
Thysanopyga, new species of, 425.
Tilapia, new species of, 519.
Tithraustes, new species of, 482.
Titya, new species of, 42.
Tortricodes, new species of, 210.
Trigona, new species of, 225.
Trithyris, new species of, 292.
Tropidocephala, new species of, 195.
Trosia, new species of, 56.
'Trygodes, new species of, 429,
Tugelana, characters of the new
genus, 645.
Turner, R. E., notes on fossorial
hymenoptera, 194, 337, 410.
Turnerella, new species of, 114.

INDEX.

Turuenna, new species of, 39.

Tyspanodes, new species of, 323.

Uhleroides, characters of the new
genus, 644.

Ulopeza, new species of, 267, 296.

Uranomys, new species of, 273.

Vampyrops, new subspecies of, 408.

Virbia, new species of, 39.

Voliba, new species of, 160.

Voluta, new species of, 471.

Warren, 8. H., on a late glacial stage

-in the valley of the Lea, 376.

Waterhouse, C. O., on coleoptera of

_ the family Buprestidae, 57.

Waters, A. W., on a structure in
Adeonella contorta and other
bryozoa, together with remarks on
the Adeonidex, 489.

Woods, H., on the evolution of Ino-
ceramus in the cretaceous period,
274.

Xylocopa, new species of, 554.

Zaphanta, new species of, 48.

Zinckenia, new species of, 170,

Zonitide, on the 8. African, 122,
569.

Zugmayer, Dr. E., on a new genus
of cyprinoid fishes from High Asia,
682.

Zuleika, characters of the new genus,
193.

END OF THE NINTH VOLUME,

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,
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Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.°S. 8. Vol. 1X. Prt.

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